full report cultural heritage counts for europe This project is co-funded by the Culture Programme of the European Union The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the content that reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. This publication is supported by full report THE CHCFE CONSORTIUM ɞ Europa Nostra (The Voice of Cultural Heritage in Europe): steering committee: John Sell, Executive Vice-President; Piet Jaspaert, Board Member and Sneška Quaedvlieg-Mihailović, Secretary General project coordination: Louise van Rijckevorsel and Danaé Anastopoulos-Chaimowicz, Brussels Office ɞ ENCATC (The European Network on Cultural Management and Cultural Policy Education): steering committee: Prof. Dr. Claire Giraud-Labalte, Chair of the ENCATC Thematic Area Understanding Heritage and ENCATC Ambassador project coordination: GiannaLia Cogliandro Beyens, Secretary General project communication: Elizabeth Darley, Director of Communications ɞ Heritage Europe (The European Association of Historic Towns and Regions): steering committee: Brian Smith, Secretary General ɞ International Cultural Centre, Krakow (ICC): steering committee: Prof. Dr. Jacek Purchla, Director project researchers: Joanna Sanetra-Szeliga and Dr. Katarzyna Jagodzińska, Research Institute for European Heritage ɞ Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation at KU Leuven (RLICC): steering committee: Prof. Dr. Koenraad Van Balen, Director This project is co-funded project researchers: Aziliz Vandesande, Clara Thys and Dr. Sigrid Van der Auwera by the Culture Programme of the European Union ɞ The Heritage Alliance, England (UK): steering committee: Kate Pugh, Chief Executive The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not THE CHCFE REPORT constitute an endorsement of research team the content that reflects the ICC, Krakow: Dr. Katarzyna Jagodzińska, Prof. Dr. Jacek Purchla and views only of the authors, Joanna Sanetra-Szeliga with Przemysław Niedźwiecki and Dr. Karolina Tylus and the Commission cannot RLICC, KU Leuven: Clara Thys, Aziliz Vandesande, Prof. Dr. Koenraad Van Balen be held responsi ble for any and Dr. Sigrid Van der Auwera with Prof. Dr. Luc Verpoest use which may be made editorial team of the information contained Prof. Dr. Claire Giraud-Labalte, on behalf of ENCATC therein. Kate Pugh, on behalf of The Heritage Alliance Sneška Quaedvlieg-Mihailović, on behalf of Europa Nostra Joanna Sanetra-Szeliga, on behalf of ICC, Krakow Brian Smith, on behalf of Heritage Europe Aziliz Vandesande, Clara Thys on behalf of RLICC, Leuven publication coordination Joanna Sanetra-Szeliga, on behalf of the CHCfE Consortium graphic design Radoszek Arts proofreading Justyna Jochym, Anastazja Oleśkiewicz technical editor Aleksandra Szczepan print Know-How Electronic version available at www.encatc.org/culturalheritagecountsforeurope Published on behalf of the CHCfE Consortium by the International Cultural Centre, Krakow June 2015 © Copyright CHCfE Consortium ISBN 978-83-63463-27-4 FOREWORD I am proud to introduce the Cultural Heritage Counts for Europe Report which demon strates the extraordinary power of our cultural heritage to improve the quality of our lives. In every corner of Europe, the wealth of heritage buildings and sites, historic neighbourhoods and cultural landscapes has the capacity to inspire Not everything and enrich us all and to help us foster and nurture a sense of belonging to a wider that counts community. can be counted, and not everything Cultural heritage is a capital of irreplaceable cultural, social, environmental and that can be counted economic value. This is true for Europe, as it is for the rest of the world. We know counts. this in our hearts and minds, but the policies and investments necessary to sustain our heritage have to be based on more than profound feelings or strong beliefs. attributed to We also need facts and figures to prove and illustrate those convictions. Articulat- Albert Einstein ing the value of our heritage by providing quantitative and qualitative evidence of its benefits and impacts, will indeed give more strength to the voice of cultural heritage in Europe. The thorough mapping and analysis of the Europe-wide evidence presented in this Report deepens and enhances our understanding, knowledge and awareness of the full potential of our cultural heritage as a key resource for sustainable development. This is essential to feed into local, regional, national and European decision making and thus provide a sound basis for effective policies for heritage. Such evidence, similarly, provides intelligible information for investors of all sorts — governments, commercial developers, private owners, philanthropists, civil society organisations — who need to compare options and make choices. The six partners of the CHCfE Consortium have done Europe a valuable service in demonstrating the economic, social, cultural and environmental impact of our cultural heritage. I commend the collective efforts and combined academic and policy expertise and commitment of all six partners of the CHCfE Consortium. The outcome of this project proves the added value of European cooperation between partners with diverse academic and life experiences from North, South, West, East and Central Europe. To end, special thanks go to the European Commission for their confidence and support to the Cultural Heritage Counts for Europe project. We welcome the recent unprecedented recognition by the European Union of cultural heritage as a strategic resource for a sustainable Europe. We believe that this Report will provide the EU Institutions and Member States an even more compelling narrative for further de- veloping and implementing a holistic approach to heritage impact assessment and also an integrated approach to policy making with regard to cultural heritage. On behalf of the CHCfE Consortium, Plácido Domingo, President of Europa Nostra titles link to the sections table of contents 57 2.5.1 Four pillar approach 62 2.5.2 Economic impact EXecutiVE SummARY 70 2.5.3 Social impact 8 & STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS (by the Steering Committee with the 75 2.5.4 Cultural impact support of the Research Team) 78 2.5.5 Environmental impact The Case 9 Methodologies for impact 80 2.6 identification 13 The Evidence 80 2.6.1 The toolbox approach 19 The 10 Key Findings 81 2.6.2 Quantitative valuation 30 The 5 Strategic Recommendations methodologies 84 2.6.3 Qualitative methods for assessing REPORT socio-cultural values 32 (by the Research Team with the support of the Steering Committee) MESO LEVEL. CULTURAL HERITAGE 89 in the EuropeAN Union: 33 1 INTRODUCTION 3 economic, sociAL, cuLturAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 34 1.1 Background of the project What do we mean by 90 3.1 Introduction 35 1.2 cultural heritage? Evolution towards a more 36 1.3 Aims of the project 92 3.2 holistic approach 37 1.4 Structure of the report 92 3.2.1 The focus of the collected studies Previous initiatives The impact domains addressed 37 1.5 93 3.2.2 in the collected studies 38 1.6 Overview of the methodology 95 3.2.3 Economic impact domain MACRO LEVEL. CULTURAL 96 3.2.4 Social impact domain 45 2 heritAGE impAct: theorY 96 3.2.5 Cultural impact domain AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS 97 3.2.6 Environmental impact domain 46 2.1 Introduction From the “four pillar approach” to 97 3.3 “holistic four domain approach” Cultural heritage — definition, 47 2.2 and policy/discourse shifts Methodologies employed 103 3.4 in European research on 52 2.3 Value versus impact cultural heritage impact 54 2.4 Adverse impacts 106 3.5 Scale of the studies 56 2.5 Towards a typology of impact 107 3.6 Respondent groups titles link to the sections Central and Western Europe — Meso level — Cultural heritage in 108 3.7 differences in approach to the 184 4.2 the EU: economic, social, cultural potential of cultural heritage and environmental impact Evidence from the field — input Observations concerning the 110 3.7.1 from Central European experts 184 4.2.1 impact of cultural heritage 112 3.7.2 Specificity of “Central Europe” Observations concerning the 188 4.2.2 research conducted at European level 116 3.7.3 Specificity of “Western Europe” Micro level — Cultural heritage impact assessment case studies 117 3.8 Overview of subdomains of impact 190 4.3 and analysis of the EU Prize based on the collected studies for Cultural Heritage/Europa Nostra Award laureates 117 3.8.1 Aesthetics of a place and image creation 191 4.4 Outcome of the research 128 3.8.2 Built heritage and the Raising awareness of the real estate market 191 4.4.1 impact of cultural heritage 136 3.8.3 Education, skills and knowledge Guide for regional and local 192 4.4.2 authorities on the holistic 144 3.8.4 Environmental sustainability approach towards cultural heritage impact assessment 148 3.8.5 Identity creation Cultural heritage as a contribution 193 4.4.3 to “Europe 2020 strategy” 152 3.8.6 Labour market 195 4.5 The way forward Regional attractiveness and 160 3.8.7 competitive advantage Innovative approaches 195 4.5.1 towards cultural heritage Return on investment, tax 164 3.8.8 income and GVA/GDP Preservation of heritage 198 4.5.2 and sustainability Social cohesion, continuity of social 168 3.8.9 life and community participation Need for more evidence- 198 4.5.3 ­‑based research and policy 174 3.9 Cultural heritage contributing to Europe 2020 strategy ANNEX. Micro LEVEL. Smart growth: developing 199 ImpAct Assessment in 174 3.9.1 an economy based on * knowledge and innovation PRACTICE: CASE STUDIES Sustainable growth: promoting Impact of immovable heritage in 176 3.9.2 a more resource efficient, greener 200 *1 the city of Mechelen, Belgium and more competitive economy Impact of museums in historic Inclusive growth: fostering a high- buildings in Poland: The case 177 3.9.3 -employment economy delivering 226 *2 of the Gallery of Polish 19th- social and territorial cohesion -Century Art in Krakow and the ms2 (Muzeum Sztuki) in Łódź 181 CONCLUSIONS Laureates of the EU Prize for Cultural 4.