DOCSLIB.ORG

Cultural Vs. Economic Legacies of Empires: Evidence from the Partition of Poland I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cultural Vs. Economic Legacies of Empires: Evidence from the Partition of Poland I Motivation and Background Contributions Discussion and Conclusion Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires: Evidence from the Partition of Poland I. Grosfeld and E. Zhuravakaya Luke Zinnen, Presenter EC 765, Spring 2018 Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Contributions Discussion and Conclusion Outline 1 Motivation and Background 2 Contributions Empirical Strategy Results 3 Discussion and Conclusion Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Contributions Discussion and Conclusion Economic and Political Persistence of Historical Events Major and growing literature on connection between historical events and current political and economic outcomes Slavery Imperialism Unclear what carries through intervening time Economic factors Cultural Institutional Likewise, mechanisms important: which are overriden by later shocks, policy? Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Contributions Discussion and Conclusion Goals and Outcomes of the Paper Use 1815 - 1918 partition of Poland between Russia, Prussia/Germany, and Austria/Austria-Hungary as clean case to examine persistent and attenuated factors Homogenous before and after partition Partition arbitrary and with sharp borders Large dierences between absorbing empires Employ spacial regression discontinuity analysis on localities near empire borders during partition Find little persistent dierence in most economic outcomes (exception: railroad infrastructure), more for religiosity and democratic capital Latter have observable eect on liberal/religious conservative voting patterns Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Contributions Discussion and Conclusion Related Literature Persistence of culture and institutions, and their long-term eects on development Colonial rule and post-independence institutions: (Acemoglu et al. 2001, La Porta et al. 1998) Legacies of the slave trade in Africa: (Nunn 2008; Pierce and Snyder 2017; Levin, Lin, and Xie 2017) Origins of cultural norms, especially among synthetic populations: (Putnam 1993, Grief 1994, Guiso et al. 2008, Tebellini 2010) Empire legacies on contemporary European outcomes: Grosjean (2011): Current cultural similarity among those subjected to same imperial institutions Becker et al. (2014): Old Habsburg territories in eastern Europe still have higher trust in government, less corruption compared to Ottoman territories Herbst and Rivkin (2013), Bukowski (2014): Persistent dierences in the quality of education across Polish partitions Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Contributions Discussion and Conclusion Historical Background Poland independent country in relative decline Agrarian Culturally and governmentally advanced (e.g. noble checks on elected monarch) Series of territorial losses 1772 - 1795, at which point ceased to exist Reformed as Duchy of Warsaw 1806 - 1815 Split between Kingdom of Prussia, Austrian and Russian Empires at Congress of Vienna Borders constant until 1918, when independent again Short independence during interwar period Split by Nazi Germany and USSR, then occupied by each in turn Soviet satellite with current borders, losing territory in east, gaining old Prussian/German territories in north and west some of which had not been part of Poland in over 900 years Independent again Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Contributions Discussion and Conclusion Historical Background Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Contributions Discussion and Conclusion Historical Background Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Contributions Discussion and Conclusion Historical Background: Guiding the Investigation Regions of Poland largely similar prior to long partition, under uniform government after Exact borders fairly arbitrary, not driven by preexisting administrative lines (Austria-Russia border followed rivers) Dierent institutions/governmental treatment in each empire Prussia/German Empire: Most industrialization, education; ecient, impersonal, non-corrupt administration and courts (even if anti-Pole); relatively moderate suppression of Catholicism and Polish identity Russia: Little industrialization and minimal education; poor and corrupt administration and courts; severe suppression of Catholicism and Polish identity Austria/Austria-Hungary: Little industrialization but moderate education; inclusive, honest administration and courts, some local autonomy; no suppression of Catholicism or Polish identity But: Post-WWII, large inux into newly Polish territories in north and west, mostly non-native to those areas Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Data Sources 2002 census: Size of municipality, percentage of population with secondary education Polish Central Statistical Oce (GUS): unemployment, wages, industrial production per capita, employment in services or nance and insurance Social Diagnosis Survey: mass attendance; prefers democracy; trusts government; trusts police; trusts courts; uses connections/bribes in administrative matters; composite regarding attitude to breaking the law Polish Institute of Statistics of the Catholic Church: number of people actually at mass on random Sunday in November 2008 (objective count used to construct objective share) Geographic: various, includes railroad infrastructure Ocial electoral commission: municipal level data for 2001, 2005, 2007, 2011 parliamentary elections Take modernLuke counties/municipalities Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. within Economic 60km Legacies of of eitherEmpires the historical Russia-Prussia or Russia-Austria border (Austria-Prussia border too small), discarding any in regions added to Poland after WWII Regression discontinuity design: 1 Distance of modern municipality centroid to historical border 0 Outcomei = a1Empirei +d1Disti +d2Disti Empirei +d3xi +d4yi +Ci b +ei 2 3rd order polynomial in latitude and longitude 0 Outcomei = a1Empirei + f (xi ;yi ) + Ci b + ei f (x;y) = x + y + x 2 + xy + y 2 + x 3 + x 2y + xy 2 + y 3 Identifying assumption: all factors other than empire inuence change smoothly at partition borders (except altitude), so all outcome variables that exhibit a signicant jump at the borders are the result of empire inuence Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Religiosity Find discontinuous jump in objective share of population and Catholics attending mass, self-reported church attendance at both Prussia-Russia and Austria-Russia borders Larger point estimates at Austria-Russia border in line with historical observation of relative treatment of Catholics Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Religiosity Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Religiosity Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Attitudes Towards Democracy and Other Cultural Traits Find discontinuously higher attitudes towards democracy at Austria-Russia border Other attitudes, corruption show no such eect Discontinuity found is consistent with legacy of self-governance in Austrian partition Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Attitudes Towards Democracy and Other Cultural Traits Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Attitudes Towards Democracy and Other Cultural Traits Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Economic Development No signicant discontinuities were identied in economic development variables, except for railroad access (lines within 15km radius of municipality centroid), which is denser in former Prussian territory This can be explained by the simple persistence of railroad lines: they last a very long time Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Economic Development Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Economic Development Luke Zinnen, Presenter Cultural vs. Economic Legacies of Empires Motivation and Background Empirical Strategy Contributions Results Discussion and Conclusion Political Outcomes RDD results depend on specication, but can nd dierential support for parties and turnout Turnout is found to be higher on the Austrian side of the Russia-Austria border (2-D) Consistent with legacy of self-governance in Austrian Empire There are discontinuities in support for two of the three major parties at the respective borders
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Human Capital in the Aftermath of the Partitions of Poland Andreas Ba
    European Historical Economics Society EHES Working Paper | No. 150 | March 2019 Fading Legacies: Human Capital in the Aftermath of the Partitions of Poland Andreas Backhaus, Centre for European Policy Studies EHES Working Paper | No. 150 | March 2019 Fading Legacies: Human Capital in the Aftermath of the Partitions of Poland* Andreas Backhaus†, Centre for European Policy Studies Abstract This paper studies the longevity of historical legacies in the context of the formation of human capital. The Partitions of Poland (1772-1918) represent a natural experiment that instilled Poland with three different legacies of education, resulting in sharp differences in human capital among the Polish population. I construct a large, unique dataset that reflects the state of schooling and human capital in the partition territories from 1911 to 1961. Using a spatial regression discontinuity design, I find that primary school enrollment differs by as much as 80 percentage points between the partitions before WWI. However, this legacy disappears within the following two decades of Polish independence, as all former partitions achieve universal enrollment. Differences in educational infrastructure and gender access to schooling simultaneously disappear after WWI. The level of literacy converges likewise across the former partitions, driven by a high intergenerational mobility in education. After WWII, the former partitions are not distinguishable from each other in terms of education anymore. JEL Codes: N34, I20, O15, H75 Keywords: Poland, Human Capital, Education, Persistence * Research for this paper was conducted while the author was a Ph.D. candidate at LMU Munich. The author would like to thank Philipp Ager, Lukas Buchheim, Matteo Cervellati, Jeremiah Dittmar, Erik Hornung, Chris Muris, Christian Ochsner, Uwe Sunde, Ludger Wößmann, Nikolaus Wolf, and audiences at the University of Southern Denmark, the University of Bayreuth, UCLouvain, the FRESH Meeting 2018, the WEast Workshop 2018, and WIEM 2018 for their comments.
    [Show full text]
  • The British Empire and the Partition of India, 1947 the British Empire: the British Empire Was One of Largest Empires Ever Seen Throughout History
    Year 8 Research Project - The British Empire and the Partition of India, 1947 The British Empire: The British Empire was one of largest Empires ever seen throughout History. Some argue that it was a force for good, changing the countries under its control positively. Some however argue that it affected these countries negatively, forcing them to be ruled over by a more powerful country. 1. Come up your with own definition of an Empire. 2. Find the names of 10 countries that were under the control of the British Empire. 3. What percentage of the world’s population did the British control at the height of their Empire? 4. Find 3 positives about the British Empire. 5. Find 3 negatives about the British Empire. 6. Write a persuasive speech arguing whether we should or should not be proud of the British Empire. Think about the positive and negative consequences of the British Empire. Include examples of the impact the British Empire had in some of the countries it controlled. Use the following links to complete these tasks: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zf7fr82/revision/1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7E9Tm1X7vw&list=PLcvEcrsF_9zLFhetle- QrjhRvL7vjcJo8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1Q6A4qP7dQ The History of India: Indian history gives us some excellent examples of how things change and stay the same over a period of time. Over hundreds of years it underwent many changes. Sometimes the pace of change was very rapid, at other times much slower. Sometimes political changes appeared to happen very quickly, but at the same time, the way most ordinary people lived in India continued relatively unaltered.
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining Irredentism: the Case of Hungary and Its Transborder Minorities in Romania and Slovakia
    Explaining irredentism: the case of Hungary and its transborder minorities in Romania and Slovakia by Julianna Christa Elisabeth Fuzesi A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Government London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 2006 1 UMI Number: U615886 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615886 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is entirely my own. Signature Date ....... 2 UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Abstract of Thesis Author (full names) ..Julianna Christa Elisabeth Fiizesi...................................................................... Title of thesis ..Explaining irredentism: the case of Hungary and its transborder minorities in Romania and Slovakia............................................................................................................................. ....................................................................................... Degree..PhD in Government............... This thesis seeks to explain irredentism by identifying the set of variables that determine its occurrence. To do so it provides the necessary definition and comparative analytical framework, both lacking so far, and thus establishes irredentism as a field of study in its own right. The thesis develops a multi-variate explanatory model that is generalisable yet succinct.
    [Show full text]
  • Poland Historical Geography Handout
    Poland Historical Geography: Polish History through Maps and Gazetteers Daniel R. Jones, MS, AG® FamilySearch HISTORY OF POLAND Polish Commonwealth, 1600s-1795 Instead of a hereditary monarchy, they elected their own king. Because the king was elected, this allowed foreign powers to manipulate the elections for candidates, and to create turmoil for their own gain. The commonwealth was in a state of decline because of wars, political turmoil, and aristocratic rebellions. Although reforms were attempted, Poland’s neighbors saw opportunities for themselves. Partitions of Poland, 1772-1795 First partition, 1772: Rebellion occurred in 1768, bringing Poland into a civil war. Austria, Prussia, and Russia collectively decided to annex pieces of Poland for themselves during the war. Second partition, 1792: Poland institutes a constitution in 1791. This angered Russia, who encouraged another rebellion against the Polish king. Russia provided military support to the rebellion. After a few months, Russia and Prussia slice off large sections of Poland. Third partition, 1795: Some nobles were angry at their king for surrendering to Russia during the second partition, and created another uprising. Russia invaded again to crush the uprising. Russia, Austria, and Prussia decided to split the rest of Poland between themselves, and Poland disappeared off the map. Kingdom of Poland, 1815-1914 The French created the Duchy of Warsaw during the Napoleonic Wars as a semi-independent country. After the war, the Kingdom of Poland was established, but was joined to the Russian Empire; they were allowed their own constitution and military. After several uprisings, the Polish language and culture were suppressed, the kingdom was more integrated into the Russian Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • How History Matters for Student Performance. Lessons from the Partitions of Poland Ú Job Market Paper Latest Version: HERE
    How History Matters for Student Performance. Lessons from the Partitions of Poland ú Job Market Paper Latest Version: HERE. Pawe≥Bukowski † This paper examines the effect on current student performance of the 19th century Partitions of Poland among Austria, Prussia and Russia. Despite the modern similarities of the three regions, using a regression discontinuity design I show that student test scores are 0.6 standard deviation higher on the Austrian side of the former Austrian-Russian border. This magnitude is comparable to the black vs. white test score gap in the US. On the other hand, I do not find evidence for differences on the Prussian-Russian border. Using a theoretical model and indirect evidence I argue that the Partitions have persisted through their impact on social norms toward local schools. Nevertheless, the persistent effect of Austria is puzzling given the histori- cal similarities of the Austrian and Prussian educational systems. I argue that the differential legacy of Austria and Prussia originates from the Aus- trian Empire’s policy to promote Polish identity in schools and the Prussian Empire’s efforts to Germanize the Poles through education. JEL Classification: N30, I20, O15, J24 úI thank Sascha O. Becker, Volha Charnysh, Gregory Clark, Tomas Cvrcek, John S. Earle, Irena Grosfeld, Hedvig Horvát, Gábor Kézdi, Jacek Kochanowicz, Attila Lindner, Christina Romer, Ruth M. Schüler, Tamás Vonyó, Jacob Weisdorf, Agnieszka WysokiÒska, Noam Yuchtman, the partici- pants of seminars at Central European University, University of California at Berkeley, University of California at Davis, Warsaw School of Economics, Ifo Center for the Economics of Education and FRESH workshops in Warsaw and Canterbury, WEast workshop in Belgrade, European Historical Economics Society Summer School in Berlin for their comments and suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • Polish National Identity Under Russian, Prussian, and Austro
    Three Paths to One State: Polish National Identity under Russian, Prussian, and Austro- Hungarian Occupation after 1863 Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Adam Wanter The Ohio State University June 2012 Project Advisor: Professor Jessie Labov, Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures 2 Table of Contents: Introduction 1 Section One: Background 7 Section Two: Composition 15 Section Three: Imperial History 22 Section Four: Political Ideologies and Political Figures 37 Conclusion 50 Bibliography 54 i Illustrations: Figure 1, map of Russian Poland 8 Figure 2, map of Austrian Poland 10 Figure 3, map of Prussian Poland 11 ii Introduction After over 100 years of foreign occupation by three different powers, a common Polish national identity was able to emerge and unite the three partitioned areas. How was this possible? What conditions existed that were able to bring together three separate and distinct areas together? This thesis will look into the development of Polish national identity in the three partitioned areas of Poland during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in particular the role that imperial policy played in its formation. The purpose of this thesis is to carry out a comparative study of the three partitioned areas of Poland between roughly 1863 and the outbreak of World War I. Specifically, the thesis compares the effects of the three Imperial powers on the economic landscape of each region, as well as the environment in which Polish political thought, specifically different forms of Polish nationalism, emerged, analyzing how that environment help contribute to its development.
    [Show full text]
  • Separatist Movements Should Nations Have 2 a Right to Self-Determination? Brian Beary
    Separatist Movements Should Nations Have 2 a Right to Self-Determination? Brian Beary ngry protesters hurling rocks at security forces; hotels, shops and restaurants torched; a city choked by teargas. AThe violent images that began flashing around the world on March 14 could have been from any number of tense places from Africa to the Balkans. But the scene took place high in the Himalayas, in the ancient Tibetan capital of Lhasa. Known for its red-robed Buddhist monks, the legendary city was the latest flashpoint in Tibetan separatists’ ongoing frustra- tion over China’s continuing occupation of their homeland.1 Weeks earlier, thousands of miles away in Belgrade, Serbia, hun- dreds of thousands of Serbs took to the streets to vent fury over Kosovo’s secession on Feb. 17, 2008. Black smoke billowed from the burning U.S. Embassy, set ablaze by Serbs angered by Washington’s acceptance of Kosovo’s action.2 “As long as we live, Kosovo is Serbia,” thundered Serbian 3 AFP/Getty Images Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica at a rally earlier in the day. The American Embassy in Belgrade is set ablaze on Kosovo had been in political limbo since a NATO-led military Feb. 21 by Serbian nationalists angered by U.S. force wrested the region from Serb hands in 1999 and turned it support for Kosovo’s recent secession from Serbia. into an international protectorate after Serbia brutally clamped About 70 separatist movements are under way down on ethnic Albanian separatists. Before the split, about 75 around the globe, but most are nonviolent.
    [Show full text]
  • Award List Hp(
    Competitive Exhibit Listing By Medal Exhibit Frame Nos. Exhibitor Country / Region Title of Exhibit Total SP/FEL/GP Remarks Nos. Large Gold 1101 11001-11008 Yamada, Yuji Japan Japan 1871-1876 Hand Engraved Issues 97 GPNC 1103 11014-11021 Ota, Katsumi Japan Hand Engraved Stamps of Japan 1871-1876 95 1106 11032-11039 Inaba, Ryoichi Japan Japan Old Koban Issues 1876-1879 95 1111 11063-11070 Yamada, Yuji Japan Japan Definitive 1913-1937 95 1117 11105-11112 Hayashi, Kunihiro Japan Japan Definitive Stamps 1937-1945 95 1120 11123-11130 Ishizawa, Tsukasa Japan Ryukyus 1945-1952 95 1207 12040-12047 Yoshida, Takashi Japan Kingdom of Prussia 1850-1867 96 GPI 2205 22027-22034 Koiwa, Akihiko Japan Indian Campaigns 95 3002 30006-30013 Sai, Touru Japan Postal Cards of Japan 1873-1874 Cherry 96 GPNC Blossom Issue 7001 70001-70008 Hasegawa, Steven Jun Japan The Hand Etched Documentary Revenue 96 GPNC Stamps of Japan, 1873-1874 11101 Pauer, Frank Australia The 2d Queen-on-Thorne Stamps of Victoria 95 Best 1852-57 Literature Gold 1105 11027-11031 Miyama, Hironaga Japan Japan 1 Sen Blue Cherry Blossom, Native 90 Paper 1110 11055-11062 Iida, Fumio Japan Chrysanthemum Series of Japan: 1899-1910 90 1112 11071-11078 Niwa, Akio Japan Japan Definitive Issues 1914-1925 91 SP 1113 11079-11083 Nagatake, Kazuhiko Japan Japan Definitive Stamps 1914-1925 90 1114 11084-11091 Yoshida, Takashi Japan Japan Definitives 1922-1937 90 1116 11097-11104 Ito, Sumihide Japan Japan Showa Series, 1937-1946 92 SP 1123 11141-11148 Nishikawa, Satoshi Japan Japan Commemorative Issues
    [Show full text]
  • Galicia: a Multi-Ethnic Overview and Settlement History with Special Reference to Bukovina by Irmgard Hein Ellingson1 Tam I Kiedys - There Once Upon a Time
    Galicia: A Multi-Ethnic Overview and Settlement History with Special Reference to Bukovina by Irmgard Hein Ellingson1 tam i kiedys - there once upon a time Family history researchers place great value upon name of the village from which he emigrated or the place in primary source documents. We want to seek out the original which he settled, we assume that no one does - and that we church records, ship lists, census lists, land records and other will be the ones to discover the family’s “origin.” forms of documentation that may establish someone’s If you had German ancestors in Galicia or Bukovina, presence at a certain location and at a particular point in time. whether they were Evangelical or Catholic, from Most will begin by visiting a local Family History Center to southwestern Germany or from Bohemia, much of this determine record availability and as soon as possible, want information may already be a matter of record and has been to read films to find ancestors and their family groups. for decades. Researchers such as Dr. Franz Wilhelm and Dr. Very few, however, take any time to read and learn Josef Kallbrunner as well as Ludwig Schneider reviewed about the people, places, and the times in which their lists of late eighteenth-century immigrants who registered at ancestors lived. Instead they tend to dive into the records various points on the route to settlement in the eastern with a Star Trek mentality: Genealogy, the final frontier. Habsburg empire. Wilhelm and Kallbrunner’s Quellen zur These are the voyages of the family history researcher.
    [Show full text]
  • Uti Possidetis Juris, and the Borders of Israel
    PALESTINE, UTI POSSIDETIS JURIS, AND THE BORDERS OF ISRAEL Abraham Bell* & Eugene Kontorovich** Israel’s borders and territorial scope are a source of seemingly endless debate. Remarkably, despite the intensity of the debates, little attention has been paid to the relevance of the doctrine of uti possidetis juris to resolving legal aspects of the border dispute. Uti possidetis juris is widely acknowledged as the doctrine of customary international law that is central to determining territorial sovereignty in the era of decolonization. The doctrine provides that emerging states presumptively inherit their pre-independence administrative boundaries. Applied to the case of Israel, uti possidetis juris would dictate that Israel inherit the boundaries of the Mandate of Palestine as they existed in May, 1948. The doctrine would thus support Israeli claims to any or all of the currently hotly disputed areas of Jerusalem (including East Jerusalem), the West Bank, and even potentially the Gaza Strip (though not the Golan Heights). TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 634 I. THE DOCTRINE OF UTI POSSIDETIS JURIS ........................................................... 640 A. Development of the Doctrine ..................................................................... 640 B. Applying the Doctrine ................................................................................ 644 II. UTI POSSIDETIS JURIS AND MANDATORY BORDERS ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • German Genealogy Resources at the Indiana
    GERMAN GENEALOGY RESOURCES AT THE INDIANA STATE LIBRARY List initially compiled for the Indiana Chapter, Palatines to America — Fall Meeting on 4 November 2017 — by Kent Robinson NOTE: This list is nearly comprehensive of the holdings in the Germany genealogy section [929.13] plus a few holdings in other sections as of 11/11/2017. It does not include German resources that are shelved among the books in various state holdings. There are many references in some of those states as well, particularly New York and Pennsylvania. I suggest browsing the shelves of a particular state of interest to locate such references. To browse through a complete online listing of German genealogy holdings, search for "German Genealogy" by Keyword in the Indiana State Library online catalog which currently returns a listing of 681 holdings. You can browse the shelf holdings (as though you were in the library) by going to http://evergreen.lib.in.us/eg/opac/browse?qtype=author;qtype=keyword;locg=73 [Make sure Indiana State Library is selected] > Advanced Search > Numeric Search > Call Number (Shelf Browse) and enter ISLG 929.13 (for German genealogy section) TITLE AUTHOR CALL NO. Der Grosse Shell Atlas—Deutschland/Europa Mairs Geographischer Verlag 912 M229G Ritters geographisch-statistisches Lexikon-1874 Henne-AmRhyn, Otto 912 R614 1983 German-English Genealogical Dictionary Thode, Ernest 929 T449g In Search of Your European Roots: a Complete Guide to Tracing Your Ancestors in Every Country in Europe Baxter, Angus 929.1 B355IN Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants — Volumes 1 thru 3 Redlich, Marcellus Donald von 929.1 R317p Ahnen zu Karl dem Grossen und Widukind: in 765 Ahnenstämmen Winkhaus, Eberhard 929.1 W773A Amish and Amish Mennonite Genealogies Gingerich, Hugh F.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert K. Adamczewski1 Formation of Local Government After Regaining
    Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego -----ISSN 2082-1212----- DOI 10.15804/ppk.2018.06.19 -----Nr 6 (46)/2018----- Robert K. Adamczewski1 Formation of local government after regaining independence Keywords: local government, history of local government Słowa kluczowe: samorząd terytorialny, historia samorządu terytorialnego Abstract Creation of new foundations for local government after regaining independence covered in practice only the former Russian partition. In remaining areas of the Re- born Republic of Poland, it was decided to temporarily preserve the administrative structures remaining after the former partitioners, adapting them only to the ex- tent necessary. The first legal actions were the decree of the Head of the Polish State of -th27 Novem- ber 1918 on the establishment of municipal councils in the area of former Congress King- dom. There were two levels of self-government – rural communes and municipalities and the poviat. In the Prussian partition there were three levels of self-government – mu- nicipal (rural and urban), poviat, and at the highest level, there was a provincial coun- cil with an executive body. Structure of self-government in the area of former Austri- an partition varied depending on the Crown Country. In Galicia and in Cieszyn Silesia showed many similarities. 1 ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9645-479X, PhD, The Departament of Constitutional Law of Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Łódź. E-mail: rkadamczewski@ wpia.uni.lodz.pl. 228 PRZEGLĄD PRAWA KONSTYTUCYJNEGO 2018/6 Streszczenie Kształtowanie samorządu terytorialnego po odzyskaniu niepodległości Tworzenie nowych podstaw samorządu terytorialnego po odzyskaniu niepodległości objęło w praktyce jedynie były zabór rosyjski. Na pozostałych terenach odrodzonej Rzeczypospolitej zdecydowano się na czasowe zachowanie struktur administra- cyjnych, pozostałych po byłych zaborcach, dostosowując je jedynie w niezbęd- nym zakresie.
    [Show full text]