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Six Years' Residence in the Australian Provinces

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Six Years' Residence in the Australian Provinces This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. 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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http : //books . google . com/ SOUTH AUSTRALIA. LOITDOK: GEORGE WOODFALL AND SON, ANOBL COUIIT, 8KINNBR 8TRBKT. mtmmmmmm SOUTH AUSTRALIA; ITS ADVANTAGES AND ITS RESOURCES. BEING A DESCRIPTION OP THAT COLONY, A MANUAL OF INFORMATION FOR EMIGRANTS. GEOBGE BLAKISTON WILKINSON. /&9-*I&\ LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1848. PREFACE. THE present work is for the most part the result of seven years' personal observation in the Colony of South Australia, and contains, from this source, detailed statements on the prospects of labourer and fanner, on Agricul­ ture, Stock Farming, Building, Gardening, Manufacturing in various branches, and last, not least, on Mining and Mineral Productions, in that flourishing Colony. The style of the book is, the Author pre­ sumes, much in correspondence with the sub- ject; for though the horny hand of toil cannot make fine strokes with the pen* yet it may represent the demands, the works, and the rewards of human labour. He feels that other­ wise he would have much to apologise for on A 3 VI PREFACE. this score, both in the manner and arrangement of his pages; but he has the hope that his plain garb and homeliness, and cursory method, will enable the proper class among his country­ men to come to his remarks without any fear of misunderstanding, or any feeling of want of sympathy with the Author. In short, the Book is in a rough dress, which, it is trusted, will not hinder its doing good service to all classes of those who need it. One leading motive which has converted the writer into an Author, a character which he never expected to assume, is the wish to pro­ claim to thousands and tens of thousands of his poor countrymen, and, it may be, even to the British Government, the capacities and kindli­ ness of the new home which may await all who are desirous to emigrate to the splendid country and exquisite olimate pf South Australia. If he should succeed in directing a well-ordered stream of emigration to this favoured land, his whole object will be gratified. Wherever he found it expedient, he has availed himself of the valuable labours of his PREFACE. vii predecessors who have written on the subject; and he believes that his work will be found tolerably complete on the subjects which it pro­ fesses to treat. He has also added some lighter matters, and a few remarks on the natives, as well from his own experience as from the observation of two valued friends and fellow-travellers. New West End, Hampstead. April, 1848. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Demand for Emigrants in South Australia.—Late Arrivals of Emigrants.—Report on the want of Emigration.— Frauds on the Emigration Fund.—Opportunities of ac­ quiring Wealth.—Labour Market.—What Class should Emigrate.—Cautions on First Arrival.—Advantages to Married Men.—Miners in demand.—Farmers and Farm­ ing.—On the Choice of Emigrants.—Adelaide Markets . 1 CQAPTER II. Emigrant Ships.—Fares.—Free Emigrants.—-Articles re­ quired by Government Emigrants.—Jlules on board Ship.—Articles required by Cabin and Intermediate Emigrants ......... 26 CHAPTER III. First Establishment of South Australia.—Extent of Land. —Port Adelaide.—Population of Port Adelaide.—Road to Adelaide.—River Torrens.—Park Lands.—The City of Adelaide.—Bridges.—Population.—Small Towns and Villages.—Number and Description of Manufactories.— Churches.—Schools.—Public Houses.—Convictions of Offenders.—Government Revenue 40 X CONTENTS. CHAPTER IV. Page Agricultural Farming, Advice to Farmers. — Living in Town. — Hut Building. — Clearing Land. — Steeping Wheat.—Fencing.—Reaping Machine.—Average Crop. —Barley, Oats, Maize, Potatoes.—Expenses of Farming. —Building.—Purchasing Land.—Expense of Farming Eighty Acres.—Farming Implements.—Price of Farm Produce.—Tobacco Culture.—Agricultural Society . 60 CHAPTER V. Cattle Farming, Prices of Cattle in Adelaide.—Expenses of Cattle Farming.—Horses.—Cattle Hunting.—Breed of Cattle for Dairy.—Bulls.—Milking.—Branding.— Burning the Grass.—Hutkeepers.—Benefit of Milking. —Cattle Owner's Life in the Bush.—Tea Drinking and Smoking.—Travelling to the Station.—Cattle Driving. —Fires .94 CHAPTER VI. Sheep Farming, Sheep in Australia.—Lambing Time.— Shearing. — WooL — Expenses of Sheep Farming.— Profits.—Diseases of Sheep.—Washing the Wool.—Runs for Sheep.—Land Regulations.—Renting Land.—Li­ cences for Runs ... .... 129 CHAPTER VII. First Introduction of Cattle into Adelaide.—Kangaroo Flesh. — Breaking in Steers for Draught.—Journey Overland.—Hostile Natives. — Raye's Journey.—The Bushman's Food.—Price of Cattle in New South Wales 154 CHAPTER VIIL Climate.—-Rain Qauge.—Hot Winds.—Meteorological Ob­ servations. —Storms.—Earthquakes.—Diseases.—Sea- CONTENTS. xi .Page sons.—Gardeners' Calendar.—Native Trees.—Eucalyptus Tribe.—Manna.—Acacia Tribe.—Gum Acacia.—Glim­ mers.—Oasuarina or She Oak.—Native Cherry.—Tea Tree.—Honeysuckle Tree.—Sarsaparilla.—Geraniums.— The Hop Plant.—Olive.—Indigo.—Tobacco.—Mulberry 185 CHAPTER IX. Wild Dogs.—Locusts.—The Wombat.—The Kangaroo.—* The Emu 232 CHAPTER X. Mines and Minerals of South Australia .... 253 CHAPTER XI. Natives.—Their Habitations.—Working among the Set­ tlers.—Grumblers in the State of Nature.—Painting the Body. — Native Women. — Clothing. — Superstitions.— Burials.—Corroberies.—Fighting.—Jealousy.—Stealing Women.—Night Attacks.—Treatment in case of Illness. —No Regular Medical Attendant allowed.—Port Lin­ coln Blacks. — Superstitions regarding Death. — Mr. Eyre's Account.—Observations of W. P. James,#Esq., on • the Aboriginal Natives of South Australia.—Also of R. G. Thomas, Esq 317 APPENDIX 368 SOUTH AUSTRALIA; ITS ADVANTAGES AND RESOURCES. CHAPTER I. DEMAND FOB EMIGRANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA.—LATE ARRIVALS OF EMIGRANTS.—REPORT ON THE WANT OF EMIGRATION.— FRAUDS ON THE EMIGRATION FUND.—OPPORTUNITIES OF AC­ QUIRING WEALTH.—LABOUR MARKET. WHAT CLASS SHOULD EMIGRATE.—CAUTIONS ON FIRST ARRIVAL.—ADVANTAGES TO MARRIED MEN.—MINERS IN DEMAND.—FARMERS AND FARM­ ING.—ON THE CHOICE OF EMIGRANTS.—ADELAIDE MARKETS. THE great demand for labour in South Australia during the past few years, has naturally directed the " attention of the colonists to Great Britain as the mart for supplying the deficiency; and many efforts have been made to induce emigration to Adelaide, which, however, although partially successful, have not hi­ therto obtained a supply commensurate with what is required. Thus, notwithstanding the thousands of persons who have arrived in the colony during the last two years, the cry for, and the complaints of scarcity of, labour have been at no time greater than at present, at least so far back only as last August. The impetus given by the mines has spread in every B 2 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. [CH. I. direction. The farmers, in consequence of the high price of field produce, are not merely cultivating to a much larger extent than formerly, but they are de­ sirous to improve their present, or to build new and more comfortable, dwellings; to form gardens, or­ chards, and vineyards, and to make other improve­ ments on their grounds.
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