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Redalyc.LEVANTAMENTO POPULACIONAL E ANÁLISE Ciência Florestal ISSN: 0103-9954 [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Bernardi, Oderlei; Silveira Garcia, Mauro; Ely e Silva, Eduardo José; Fialho Zazycki, Luiza Cristiane; Bernardi, Daniel; Finkenauer, Élder LEVANTAMENTO POPULACIONAL E ANÁLISE FAUNÍSTICA DE LEPIDOPTERA EM Eucalyptus spp. NO MUNICÍPIO DE PINHEIRO MACHADO, RS Ciência Florestal, vol. 21, núm. 4, octubre-diciembre, 2011, pp. 735-744 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, Brasil Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=53421707012 Como citar este artigo Número completo Sistema de Informação Científica Mais artigos Rede de Revistas Científicas da América Latina, Caribe , Espanha e Portugal Home da revista no Redalyc Projeto acadêmico sem fins lucrativos desenvolvido no âmbito da iniciativa Acesso Aberto Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 21, n. 4, p. 735-744, out.-dez., 2011 735 ISSN 0103-9954 LEVANTAMENTO POPULACIONAL E ANÁLISE FAUNÍSTICA DE LEPIDOPTERA EM Eucalyptus spp. NO MUNICÍPIO DE PINHEIRO MACHADO, RS SURVEY POPULATION AND FAUNA ANALYSIS OF LEPIDOPTERA IN Eucalyptus spp. IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PINHEIRO MACHADO, RS Oderlei Bernardi1 Mauro Silveira Garcia2 Eduardo José Ely e Silva3 Luiza Cristiane Fialho Zazycki4 Daniel Bernardi5 Élder Finkenauer6 RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo coletar, identificar e caracterizar faunisticamente os lepidópteros associados a um plantio de Eucalyptus spp., no município de Pinheiro Machado, RS. No período de outubro de 2005 a outubro de 2007, a cada 15 dias, foram realizadas coletas de insetos com três armadilhas luminosas instaladas no interior do florestamento. Após procedimentos de triagem, transfixação e montagem os lepidópteros foram identificados comparando-os a coleções entomológicas e com uso de literatura especializada. Foram coletados 2.020 indivíduos, distribuídos em 14 famílias, 106 gêneros e 220 espécies. As famílias com maior número de espécies coletadas foram Noctuidae (59), Geometridae (30), Arctiidae (28) e Saturniidae (14). De acordo com a classificação faunística a maioria das espécies foi considerada não dominante, pouco frequente, rara e acidental. Dentre as espécies identificadas, foram observadas algumas, cujas lagartas são desfolhadoras do eucalipto; Oxydia agliata (Geometridae), Sarsina violascens (Lymantriidae), Automeris illustris, Eacles imperialis magnifica e Lonomia obliqua (Saturniidae), as quais necessitam ter suas populações monitoradas. Palavras-chave: eucalipto; lepidópteros; armadilha luminosa; entomologia florestal. ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to collect, to study and to characterize the fauna of lepidopterous associated with Eucalyptus spp., plantation in the Municipality of Pinheiro Machado, in RS state. In the period of October 2005 to October 2007, every 15 days, collections of insects were accomplished with three light traps. After selection and transfixion procedures, the lepidopterous were identified based on entomological collections and specialized literature. Two thousand and twenty individuals belonging to 14 families, 106 genera and 220 species were collected. The families with the highest number of species collected were: Noctuidae (59), Geometridae (30), Arctiidae (28) and Saturniidae (14). According to the fauna classification the most species were considered not dominant, uncommon, rare and accidental. Among the species identified, there were some whose larvae are defoliators of the eucalypts: Oxydia agliata, 1. Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutorando em Entomologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba (SP). [email protected] 2. Engenheiro Agrônomo, Dr., Professor do Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas (RS). [email protected] 3. Engenheiro Agrônomo, Dr., Taxonomista, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas (RS). [email protected] 4. Engenheira Agrônoma, Mestranda em Entomologia, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas (RS). [email protected] 5. Engenheiro Agrônomo, Mestrando em Entomologia, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas (RS). [email protected] 6. Técnico Agrícola, Votorantim Celulose & Papel S/A, Unidade Extremo Sul, BR 116, Km 532, CEP 96160-000, Capão do Leão (RS). [email protected] Recebido para publicação em 15/04/2010 e aceito em 4/11/2010 Ci. Fl., v. 21, n. 4, out.-dez., 2011 736 Bernardi, O. et al. (Geometridae), Sarsina violascens (Lymantriidae), Automeris illustris, Eacles imperialis magnifica and Lonomia obliqua (Saturniidae), which needs to have their populations monitored. Keywords: eucalypt; lepidopterous; light trap; forest entomology. INTRODUÇÃO são necessários à identificação das espécies com potencial de dano à cultura, bem como servirem Nos últimos anos, o Rio Grande do Sul tem de banco de dados para analisar a sustentabilidade sido alvo de uma série de investimentos florestais, ambiental dos florestamentos durante os anos de especialmente os que se referem ao cultivo de cultivo, pois os insetos podem constituir importantes eucalipto. Como em qualquer outra plantação bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental. Isso é homogênea, os plantios florestais reduzem a reforçado por Lindgren e Borden (1983), os quais diversidade de vegetação e, consequentemente, salientam que o conhecimento da composição da tornam o ambiente menos estável e com menor fauna de insetos em plantações florestais é um dos capacidade de absorver distúrbios (RISCH et al., componentes básicos de um programa de manejo 1983). Diante disso, é provável que paralelamente integrado de pragas. a expansão da eucaliptocultura aumente também os Neste sentido, objetivou-se coletar, problemas entomológicos. identificar e caracterizar faunisticamente a Segundo Santos et al. (1982), após as entomofauna de Lepidoptera associada a um plantio formigas cortadeiras, os lepidópteros desfolhadores de Eucalyptus spp., no município de Pinheiro constituem o grupo de insetos de maior importância Machado, RS. à eucaliptocultura nacional, por conter espécies que ocorrem em surto, causando grande desfolha, MATERIAL E MÉTODOS em diversos plantios dessa cultura. No entanto, os lepidópteros também são considerados importantes As coletas foram realizadas no período de bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental por atuarem outubro de 2005 a outubro de 2007, em área florestada nos ecossistemas florestais desempenhando funções com Eucalyptus saligna (67,13 ha), Eucalyptus de desfolhadores, decompositores, presas ou grandis (9,31 ha), Eucalyptus dunnii (4,77 ha) e hospedeiros, estando a sua diversidade relacionada diversos clones de Eucalyptus spp. (170,56 ha) com à ciclagem de nutrientes, dinâmica populacional de aproximadamente 2 anos de idade, pertencente à plantas e à relação predador/presa de um ecossistema Empresa Votorantim Celulose & Papel S/A, fazenda (SILVEIRA NETO et al., 1995). São Manoel, localizada às margens da rodovia BR - Alguns dos estudos de levantamento 293 a 7 km da cidade de Pinheiro Machado, estado populacional de lepidópteros associados a cultivos do Rio Grande do Sul (31o33’51” S e 53o25’59” W). florestais têm sido executados de uma forma A área onde se realizou o estudo ocupa 631,53 ha, sistemática, por meio do recolhimento de ovos, larvas dos quais 251,77 ha são florestados com espécies e adultos, levados ao laboratório, identificados ou de eucalipto, sendo o restante, 379,76 ha ocupados criados para posterior identificação (BERTI FILHO, por áreas de preservação permanente (mata nativa, 1981; ZANUNCIO et al., 1991). Entretanto, um banhado/brejo, campo nativo e afloramentos dos métodos mais utilizados, em levantamentos rochosos). populacionais de insetos é o uso de armadilhas Para a coleta dos lepidópteros fototrópicos luminosas que são instrumentos destinados à positivos foram utilizadas três armadilhas luminosas captura de insetos fototrópicos positivos, ou seja, de modelo Al Intral (FT15T12BL). As armadilhas aqueles que habitualmente voam ao crepúsculo ou foram instaladas a 2 m do solo, distantes entre si à noite (SILVEIRA NETO et al., 1976). por aproximadamente 300 m, colocadas no interior Especificamente no Rio Grande do Sul, do florestamento, providas de luz negra e acionadas estudos da entomofauna de Lepidoptera associada quinzenalmente, durante uma noite, por bateria de a cultivos de interesse econômico, com a utilização 12 volts, no intervalo das 19h às 7h. Na porção de armadilha luminosa, são pouco significativos, inferior da armadilha, foi fixado um saco plástico especialmente em cultivos florestais (TARRAGÓ com capacidade de 50 litros, contendo no seu et al., 1975; VIANA E COSTA, 2001). Cabe interior tiras de papel e no fundo um frasco com ressaltar, que os levantamentos entomofaunísticos algodão embebido em acetato de etila. O objetivo Ci. Fl., v. 21, n. 4, out.-dez., 2011 Levantamento populacional e análise faunística de lepidoptera em Eucalyptus spp. no ... 737 das tiras de papel, juntamente com o acetato, foi distribuídos em 14 famílias e 220 espécies. Das diminuir os danos morfológicos aos exemplares espécies coletadas, 160 foram identificadas em capturados (FERREIRA
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