A Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Assessment Report

89 & 97 Waterloo Road, Macquarie Park

March 2017

Contents ...... 1 1 Introduction ...... 3 2 What is a CPTED? ...... 4 3 CPTED Principles ...... 4 3.1 Natural Surveillance ...... 4 3.2 Access Control ...... 4 3.3 Ownership ...... 4 4 Assessment ...... 5

1 Introduction

This CPTED Assessment Report accompanies a DA application for proposed development at 85 & 97 Waterloo Road, Macquarie Park. The DA application seeks approval for four (4) buildings, including:  Concept approval for 85 & 97 Waterloo Road, including concept approval for three buildings on 85 Waterloo Road;  Stage 1 construction approval (97 Waterloo Road) for a 11-13 storey commercial office building with a GFA of 15,932. The Stage 1 approval also includes a proposed new road running to the north of the proposed Stage 1 building (refer to Figure 1 below).

Stage 1 Building (97 Waterloo Rd)

Concept Approval (85 Waterloo Rd)

Figure 1 - 85 & 97 Waterloo Road development

This CPTED Report focuses on the Stage 1 development (97 Waterloo Road). Separate CPTED assessment will be prepared for the three concept buildings on 85 Waterloo Road at building DA stage.

2 What is a CPTED?

CPTED is a theory that the way we design our environment (i.e, residences, commercial areas, car parks and open spaces) can have an impact on crime. CPTED argues that criminals make rational choices about their targets and generally:

 the greater the risk of being seen, challenged or caught, the less likely they are to commit a crime;  the greater the effort required, the less likely they are to commit a crime; and  the lesser the actual or perceived reward, the less likely they are to commit a crime.

The CPTED method presents a range of strategies to allow design professionals to play active and essential roles in local crime prevention. Buildings and spaces can be designed to manage the environment to ensure:

 there is more chance of being seen, challenged or caught;  greater effort is required to commit crime;  perceived rewards are less; and  opportunities for criminal activity are reduced.

CPTED is, in addition to designing to prevent crime, designing space which makes people feel safe. This can be achieved through removal of blind corners and potential places to hide. Increasing the actual or perceived safety of space may lead to increased patronage, particularly after hours, resulting in ultimate community benefit.

3 CPTED Principles The three principles central to Crime Prevention through Environmental Design are:

3.1 Natural Surveillance Criminals usually do not want to be seen. Placing physical features, activities and people in ways that maximise exposure and activation of spaces therefore discourages crime. For example, placing kiosks and cafes in parks stimulates natural surveillance by park users. Barriers, such as sheds, alleyways and bushes on the other hand can make it difficult to observe activity.

3.2 Access Control Access can be restricted by physical barriers such as fences, doorways, bollards and landscaping or by security hardware such as gates, locks, alarms and chains. Human measures can also be implemented, such as security guards. All these methods aim to restrict access increases the effort required to commit a crime.

3.3 Ownership People usually protect territory that they feel is theirs and have tend to have respect for the territory of others (not public). Good maintenance, landscaping, fences, art, fencing and signs are some physical ways to express ownership.

Identifying intruders is much easier in well-defined spaces. An area that looks protected gives the impression that greater effort is required to commit a crime. A cared for environment can also reduce fear of crime.

Figure 2 - North West facade of Stage 1 building South West façade of Stage 1 building

4 Assessment

The following tables contain the performance criteria, design requirements, purpose/ explanation, and an assessment of the Stage 1 building:

 Table 2.1 examines the overall project  Table 2.2 looks at the car parking areas specifically

The table provides an assessment of how the CPTED principles have been considered and adopted into the design of the proposal. As is demonstrated in the table, the proposal provides reduced scope for criminal activities through it’s clean lines, reduced hidden corners, effective lighting, glazed facades which stimulate natural surveillance. The strict maintenance regime of all Goodman owned properties will be adopted in the ongoing maintenance of the facility will ensure vandalism and graffiti is reduced. The high maintenance standards will also hopefully stimulate pride and sense of ownership in the building and surrounding space, which may reduce vandalism and other similar antisocial crimes.

Table 2.1 Overall Development Performance Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment of Criteria Requirements/ Compliance Suggestions A. Avoid Blind Corners

Avoid blind comers Pathways should be “Blind corners” or The Stage 1 building in ' pathways, direct. All barriers concealed areas make is rectangular in stairwells, hallways along pathways people feel uneasy and shape, with street and car parks. should be permeable unsafe. Not knowing frontages along the (see through) “what is around the north and western including landscaping next corner” can sides of the building. fencing etc. discourage genuine Pedestrian pathways Consider the users of a space to use along the roads will be installation of mirrors and maximise it. direct lines without to allow users to see blind corners, with ahead of them and street lighting around corners. incorporated. The Install glass panels in ground and lower stairwells where ground floors of the appropriate. fencing building will include etc. glazing to provide Consider the natural surveillance. installation of mirrors to allow Landscaping along the users to see ahead street frontages will of them and around be of low form shrub corners. planting to reduce Install glass panels in opportunity for hiding. stairwells where appropriate. fencing Public access to the etc. rear of the building Consider the (south and eastern installation of boundary) will be mirrors to allow limited to reduce any users to see ahead is of the building is of them and around reduced. corners. Install glass panels in The southern and stairwells where eastern boundary of appropriate. the building are characterised by semi private landscape space, which will reduce loitering.

are no dead ends to internal corridors. B. Communal/ Public Areas Provide Position active users In this instance, Significant glazing natural or habitable rooms natural surveillance is utilised in the surveillance with windows serves two main design of the for communal adjacent to main purposes. building facades. and public communal/public Makes legitimate users This creates areas. areas (e.g. of a space feel safe as natural playgrounds, they “are not alone” in surveillance from swimming pools, a secluded area. There the building out gardens, car parks). is always the potential to street, out Communal areas and for someone to “help” if towards and utilities (e.g. there are any problems. pedestrian laundries and Deters illegitimate users pathways. garbage bays) as their presence in an should be easily misuse of the space will Café space in the seen. Where be rapidly noticed. south east corner elevators or of the building stairwells are will stimulate provided, open style natural or transparent surveillance of materials are the surrounding encouraged on doors space. and/or walls of elevators/stairwells. At night the Waiting areas and building’s entries to elevators/ internal lighting, stairwells should be and the lighting close to areas of in the landscape active uses, and increases should be visible natural from the building surveillance to entry. deter crime. C. Entry Points Seating should be located in areas Provide Entrances should Prominent The building’s of active uses. entries which be at prominent entrances allow: primary entrance are clearly positions. Natural surveillance on the northern visible. from street. façade is in a Design entrances highly prominent to allow users to Users to feel safe and location. see in before to easily access the entering. area. The front doors are glass so users Emergency services can see into and to access the outside from the property rapidly building.

Performanc Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment e Criteria Requirements of / Suggestions Compliance D. Fencing Fence design Front fences should Although high fences No front fences should maximise be predominantly may provide privacy, are proposed natural open in design (e.g. they restrict natural along any of the Surveillance from pickets and wrought street surveillance elevations. the street iron) or low in from potential to the building height. A sense of intruders. and from the privacy can be Fencing below one building to the increased by light meter, or open street, and coloured fencing. design fencing minimise allows for adequate opportunities for High solid front privacy and intruders to hide. fences should have adequate levels of open elements natural surveillance. above 1m.

E. Landscaping

Avoid landscaping Avoid medium height As with 'blind corners' or Ground cover, which obstructs vegetation with general concealed low-lying natural concentrated top to areas, the large size of shrubbery and surveillance. bottom foliage. certain vegetation larger trees are Plants such as low obstructs visibility proposed to hedges and shrubs and makes people surround the (1 - 1.2m high), feel uneasy and building. Trees creepers, ground unsafe. will be spaced to covers or high Perceiving that something form a canopied vegetation may be 'behind those discontinuous are good for natural bushes' can discourage canopies (refer to surveillance. genuine use of a space. the Landscape Trees with dense low Plans. growth foliage No vegetation is should be spaced or proposed which will have the crown conceal entrances raised to avoid a or provide hiding continuous barrier. spaces. Use low ground cover or high canopied trees, clean trunked to a height of 2m around children's play areas, car parks and along pedestrian pathways. Avoid vegetation that conceals the building entrance from the street.

Performance Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment of Criteria Requirements Compliance / Suggestions

F. Lighting

Ensure lighting Use diffused flood Adequate lighting is Street lighting will does not lights and/or essential in making be provided along produce glare movement sensitive people feel safe and in the northern or dark lights. deterring illegitimate boundary road in shadows. users as it allows accordance with Direct these lights people to see what the Ryde Council’s towards access / is ahead, encourages public domain egress routes to legitimate users to use manual. illuminate potential a facility after daylight offenders, rather hours; their presence Lighting will be than towards will deter potential utilised around buildings or resident illegitimate users, allows open spaces and observation points. natural surveillance particularly for the after daylight hours and entrance. The Lighting should have a facilitates formal nature of the wide beam of surveillance (by Police glazing façade will illumination, which or security patrols). ensure good reaches to the beam lighting emanating of the next light, or from the building to the perimeter of the provide adequate site or area being soft lighting for the traversed. surrounding open Avoid lighting spillage spaces, without onto neighbouring producing glare. properties as this can cause nuisance and reduce opportunities for natural surveillance.

As a guide, the areas should be lit to identify a face 15 m away.

Use energy efficient lamps /fittings /switches to save energy.

Performance Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment of Criteria Requirements/ Compliance Suggestions G. Mixed Land Uses Where permitted, Locate shops and Mixed land uses allow The proposal provide businesses on lower for natural surveillance includes a appropriate mixed floors and residences of areas across a range commercial office uses within on upper floors. In of various days/hours building with café buildings to this way, residents (i.e. weekday or space on the increase can observe the weekend, AM or PM). ground floor, opportunities for businesses after which will natural hours while the stimulate surveillance. residences can be activation and observed by the natural businesses during surveillance. business hours.

Include shop kiosks and restaurants etc within parks. H. Security

Security grilles, Security grilles and Traditional security Security will be shutters and security doors related equipment will present at the doors should should be help make a space more premises, either allow natural permeable (see difficult for intruders to at ground floor or observation of through). break into. However its the basement the street and be Avoid solid shutters overuse may impinge on entrance as sympathetic to on front windows adequate levels of deemed the architectural and doors. natural surveillance. necessary by style of the management. building. Swipe card access will be incorporated into the office use.

Access Control

A. Building Identification

Ensure buildings Street numbers Clear building Building signage are clearly should be at least 7cm identification prevents will be prominent identified by high, and positioned unintended access and to ensure street street number. between 0.6m and assists address and 1.5m above ground persons trying to find building / business level on the street the building - identification frontage Street particularly emergency (subject to numbers should be vehicles in an urgent separate DA) made of durable situation.

Performanc Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment e Criteria Requirements of / Suggestions Compliance materials, preferably reflective or luminous, and un-obstructed (e.g. by foliage).

Location maps and directional signage should be provided for larger development.

B. Entry Points

Clear entry points. Entrances should be Clear entries avoid Entry points to easily recognisable confusion, assist the site have through design emergency been minimised features and personnel and allow and will be clear directional signage. for easy monitoring for any building Minimise the of people users. People number of entry entering/exiting the approaching from points. premises. the west will be guides to the front (north) of the building for entry. C. Landscaping

Use vegetation Prickly plants can be Landscaping can be Low vegetation as barriers to used as effective an effective way of barriers have deter barriers. Species controlling/directing been included. unauthorised include movement in an area. Vegetation will be access. bougainvilleas, used along a portion roses, succulents, Depending on the of western elevation Avoid large and berberis species. intention, it can to restrict access. trees/shrubs and either restrict or buildings works Avoid large trees, encourage people to that could enable carports, skillion access a particular an intruder to extensions, fences, area. gain access to and downpipes in the dwelling or situations that to neighbouring could provide a dwellings. means of access to second storey windows or balconies.

Performanc Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment e Criteria Requirements of / Suggestions Compliance D. Security

Use security Install quality locks Traditional security Security Alarms hardware and/or on external windows systems can be very will be human measures and doors. effective in reducing monitored. ONLY where Install viewers illegitimate access. It is required to on entry doors. important however to Security guards reduce be reasonable and not will be present on opportunities for If security grilles are over secure a location site as required unauthorised used on windows as this may make for adequate access. they should be able genuine users feel protection. to be opened from unsafe and even restrict inside in case of legitimate access. Doors will be emergencies. locked to prevent any unwanted Consider access. monitored alarm systems.

Provide lockable gates on side and rear access ways.

Consider building supervisors or security guards.

Ownership

A. Maintenance

Create a 'cared Ensure the speedy Research indicates that The premises will for' image. repair or cleaning well maintained and be thoroughly of damaged or 'cared for' properties maintained by vandalised are less likely to Goodman’s property. experience crime. stringent landscape and Provide for the maintenance swift removal of regime. graffiti.

Provide information advising where to go for help and how to report maintenance or vandalism problems.

Performance Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment Criteria Requirements of / Suggestions Compliance B. Materials

Use materials Strong, wear A reduction in Selective which reduce resistant laminate, vandalism through materials and the opportunity impervious glazed careful selection of coating finishes for vandalism. ceramics, treated materials will contribute and selected masonry products, to beautifying and locations may be stainless steel maintaining an area. ‘anti- vandal’. materials, anti- This will reduce Patrols, lighting graffiti paints and expenditure on and natural clear over sprays will unscheduled surveillance reduce the maintenance. would also be opportunity for used to reduce vandalism. Flat or the likelihood of porous finishes vandalism. should be avoided in areas where graffiti is likely to be a problem. Where large walls are unavoidable, consider the use of vegetation or anti- graffiti paint. Alternatively, modulate the wall, or use dark colours to discourage graffiti on vulnerable walls. External lighting should be vandal resistant. High mounted and/or protected lights are less susceptible to vandalism. Communal/ street furniture should be made of hard- wearing vandal resistant materials and secured by sturdy anchor points or removed after hours.

Performance Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment Criteria Requirements of / Suggestions Compliance C. Spaces

Spaces should be Physical and/or The definition of clear The presentation clearly defined to psychological barriers boundaries allows of the building express a sense (e.g. fences, people to know when will make it clear of ownership and gardens, lawn strips, they are trespassing on that the reduce varying textured private property and development is illegitimate surfaces) can allows as a well cared for corporate premises.

D. Pride and Involvement Encourage Encourage A sense of community The building design that community pride in a particular itself will be a promotes pride involvement in area will help maintain highly attractive and a sense of design. an area and identify and modern place for and report any addition to the community. Encourage volunteer Problems and precinct both in management and identify illegitimate terms of maintenance of behaviour. architecture and areas. landscape. It is anticipated to Encourage wide encourage pride community use in the building of areas. and its surrounds.

Table 2.2 Car Parks Performance Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment of Criteria Requirements Compliance / Suggestions Natural Surveillance

A. Lighting

Performance Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment of Criteria Requirements Compliance / Suggestions Provide Illuminate all Encourages legitimate users Low level lighting is adequate external edges to use a facility after proposed for the lighting. and access points daylight hours; (their underground to car parks presence will deter parking spaces, during opening potential illegitimate with greater hours of the car users), it allows natural intensity lighting park. surveillance after daylight proposed for the hours and facilitates formal entrances. To allow for the surveillance by security adjustment of patrols. The on-grade driver and outdoor parking will pedestrian vision, be adequately lit by lighting intensity street or other to covered or lighting methods underground car within the parking parks should be area to ensure graded. Brighter appropriate lighting. light should be used at entrance and pedestrian access ways and dimmer light should be used elsewhere.

Lighting should be sufficiently bright to enable a car park user to see into the rear seat of a parked car before they enter the car.

B. Materials

Use Encourage the use A reduction in vandalism The proposed materials of transparent through careful selection of glazing of façade will that materials for walls materials will contribute to ensure good natural enhance and doors. beautifying and surveillance for the natural Paint the ceilings maintaining an area. This premises onto the surveillance and walls of the car will reduce expenditure on outdoor parking within the park in light colours unscheduled maintenance. areas. car park. to enhance brightness. Reflective film can be used on windows overlooking car parks.

Performanc Design Purpose/ Explanation Assessment e Criteria Requirements of / Suggestions Compliance C. Security Grills

Allow Consider the This allows passers-by, Open style security natural installation of open whether pedestrian or grills are proposed observation. style security grills otherwise to see into an for the underground to individual undercover parking parking entry. parking spaces. area. This will deter potential offenders as they will be easily noticed.

D. Site and Building Layout

Ensure clear Avoid large Whilst car parks can be The outdoor parking sight lines expanses of areas with flows of traffic, space will include throughout the car parks. there is rarely people clear sight lines. parking area. sitting in their cars with It will be surveiled by Where large the opportunity to observe both the new expanses of car any suspicious behaviour proposed commercial parks are (unlike in an office or building and the proposed, provide commercial environment). approved adjacent surveillance such childcare centre as security In order to facilitate (soon to be cameras. natural surveillance, it is constructed to adjoin Access to lifts, important to ensure that the proposed stairwells and clear sight lines (i.e. not commercial building). pedestrian blocked by blind corners, pathways should buildings or landscape) are There will be no be clearly visible. incorporated to its design. hidden spaces surrounding the Avoid parking area. hidden recesses. Disabled parking spaces have been Locate disabled located at the entry parking spaces in a highly visible in highly visible area. and convenient areas.

AccAess Control Access Control

A. Lighting

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AccAess Control Provide Illuminate all Lighting is an essential tool The car park will be adequate external edges in making people feel safe more brightly lit lighting to and access points and in deterring during hours of encourage use to car parks illegitimate users. A well lit business, and then and access to during opening car park will encourage after hours the car the facility. hours of the car night time use of this park will be park. facility. minimally but sufficiently lit.

B. Security Provide security Use security It is important to reduce Electronic boom to monitor devices (e.g. opportunity for gates will be used to access to area. intercom or remote unauthorised access control access. lock facility) where without affecting legitimate appropriate. users. Due to the ongoing flow of people/traffic For large through car parks it is very developments, difficult to identify locate a help legitimate users point.

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