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Dalmanites'' Maecurua Clarke, 1890 (Middle Devonian, Amazon Basin

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Dalmanites'' Maecurua Clarke, 1890 (Middle Devonian, Amazon Basin PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3591, 16 pp., 4 figures, 0 tables December 12, 2007 The Trilobite ‘‘Dalmanites’’ maecurua Clarke, 1890 (Middle Devonian, Amazon Basin, Brazil) and the New Genus Amazonaspis (Synphoriidae) MARIA DA GLORIA PIRES DE CARVALHO1 AND VERA MARIA MEDINA DA FONSECA2 ABSTRACT The revision of ‘‘Dalmanites’’ maecurua Clarke, 1890, from the Upper Lontra Member, Eifelian, Maecuru Formation, Para´ State, Amazon Basin, Brazil is presented. The new genus Amazonaspis is assigned within the family Synphoriidae. Comparisons are made with other Silurian and Devonian synphoriids, and some paleobiogeographic inferences are presented. RESUMO E´ apresentada a revisa˜o de ‘‘Dalmanites’’ maecurua Clarke, 1890, procedente da parte superior do Membro Lontra, Eifeliano, da Formac¸a˜o Maecuru, no estado do Para´, da Bacia do Amazonas, Brasil. O novo geˆnero Amazonaspis e´ atribuı´do a` famı´lia Synphoriidae. Sa˜o feitas comparac¸o˜es com outros synforiı´deos silurianos e devonianos, e apresentadas algumas infereˆncias paleobiogeo- gra´ficas. INTRODUCTION the Maecuru and Erereˆ formations of the Amazon Basin, with ages varying from late Clarke (1890) originally described Dal- Eifelian to early Givetian. The material from manites maecurua among other trilobites from the Maecuru Formation (late Eifelian) was 1 Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]). 2 Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia (vmedina@ acd.ufrj.br). Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2007 ISSN 0003-0082 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3591 collected in 1876 by the Imperial Geological borders and doublures; the presence or absence Commission, from several localities along the of a genal spine and an epiborder furrow; the Maecuru River, north of the Teaupixuna thoracic and pygidial architecture, especially rapids, in the state of Para´. Additional the morphology of the pleural furrows and the material was collected in the same area, by tips of the thoracic pleurae; and the position of the Orville Adalbert Derby Expedition, con- the pygidial apodemes. Thus, according to ducted by Petrobras in 1986. Campbell (1977), diagnostic features of the Clarke (1900: 15) proposed Synphoria as Synphoriinae are: gap between S1 and S2 more a subgenus of Dalmanites, for his new species than 1.5 times that between the occipital Dalmanites (Synphoria) stemmatus from the apodeme and S1; S1 slightly oblique to the Oriskany fauna, Lower Devonian of New sagittal line and S2 tends to be equidimensional York State. He considered that the Brazilian in dorsal view (the shape of the apodeme in S2 species Dalmanites maecurua was closely re- produces the transversally short furrow); ce- lated to that form as he included it in the phalic border narrow, convex, and poorly same subgenus as Dalmanites (Synphoria) defined; lateral parts of the cephalic doublure maecurua though he did not comment on the correspondingly narrow and rather evenly assignment (Clarke, 1900: 68). Delo (1935) rolled, or with a slight vincular furrow; genal reviewed the phacopid trilobites and divided spine (if present) short, lacking an epiborder the family Dalmanitidae into two subfamilies: furrow, tending to be oval in cross section; Dalmanitinae Reed, 1905, and Synphoriinae thoracic pleurae have a wide (exsag.) and well- Delo, 1935. He considered the Synphoriinae to rounded posterior pleural band, a thin anterior be characterized by more or less complete band, and pleural furrow not dominating; distal fusion and elevation of L2 and L3 in pygidial pleurae have well-developed anterior the glabella, the reduction of S1 and S2 to and posterior bands, and the posterior band submesial pits, and the presence in some forms does not fade toward the border; pygidial of spines, denticles, or crenulations on the apodemes discrete and positioned away from cephalon and pygidium. He also elevated the axial furrow. Synphoria to generic status. Holloway (1981) revised some Silurian In the classification of Richter et al. (1959), dalmanitaceans from North America and the subfamily Synphoriinae was not recog- also supported this concept of the family nized as valid and Synphoria was placed Synphoriidae. His diagnosis of the sub- in the subfamily Dalmanitinae. However, family Synphoriinae was adapted from Lespe´rance and Bourque (1971) resurrected Campbell’s (1977) work with slight modifica- the Synphoriinae and Lespe´rance (1975) sub- tions to accommodate stratigraphically earlier sequently elevated it to family status (Silurian) taxa. The modifications included the (Synphoriidae), characterized inter alia by shape of the cephalic border (flattened dor- the fusion of L2 and L3. Lespe´rance recog- sally but rolled downward and inward along nized two subfamilies within Synphoriidae: the outer margin) and the shape of the pleural the Synphoriinae and the Trypaulitinae. tips on the thoracic segments (which can be Campbell (1977) accepted Lespe´rance’s rounded, pointed, or deflected backward into (1975) subdivision of the Synphoriidae into a spine). the Synphoriinae and Trypaulitinae, but modified his concept of the family by rejecting MATERIAL AND METHODS the distal coalescence of L3 and L2 as diagnostic and arguing that this feature is Specimens studied and figured herein are widespread throughout the Dalmanitoidea. housed in the Museu Nacional/UFRJ (MN), New criteria proposed by Campbell for Rio de Janeiro and Universidade Federal of recognizing the Dalmanitinae, Synphoriinae, Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). For conservational and Trypaulitinae included the spacing of the reasons it was not possible to coat these cephalic apodemes (i.e., the gap between the specimens for photography. occipital and S1 apodemes and between S1 Comparisons were made with another and S2); the development of the cephalic Malvinokaffric synphoriinid, Dalmanitoides 2007 CARVALHO AND DA FONSECA: REVISION OF TRILOBITE SPECIES 3 Delo, 1935, from the Devonian of Argentina; SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Fenestraspis Branisˇa and Vaneˇk, 1973, from the Devonian of Bolivia; the North American ORDER PHACOPIDA SALTER, 1864 Devonian synphoriinids Synphoria stemmata SUBORDER PHACOPINA STRUVE, 1959 (Clarke, 1900), Odontocephalus selenourus (Eaton, 1832), Anchiops anchiopsis (Green, SUPERFAMILY DALMANITOIDEA VOGDES, 1832), and Synphoroides biardi (Clarke, 1907); 1890 and with two Silurian synphoriinids, FAMILY SYNPHORIIDAE LESPE´ RANCE, 1975 Lygdozoon collatum Holloway (1981) from North America and Delops obtusicaudatus SUBFAMILY SYNPHORIINAE DELO, 1935 (Salter 1849) from Britain. Terminology used here for the descriptions follows Whittington Amazonaspis, new genus and Kelly (1997). TYPE AND ONLY SPECIES: Dalmanites mae- curua Clarke, 1890, from the Upper Lontra GEOLOGICAL SETTING Member, Eifelian, Maecuru Formation, Para´ The fossils described here were collected State, Brazil. from fossiliferous sandstones that belong to DIAGNOSIS: Glabella wide, with sculpture the upper part of the Maecuru Formation of coarse tubercles. Frontal lobe rhombic in (Lontra Member). These sandstones crop out outline, moderately inflated, glabellar furrows along the Maecuru and Curua´ rivers, in the reaching axial furrows; S1 very close to northern border region of the Amazon Basin occipital ring and oblique, S2 subparallel to in Para´ State, Brazil (fig. 1), and are overlain S1, inner ends of S3 and S1 joined by shallow longitudinal depression separating inflated by the Erereˆ Formation (Melo, 1988). The L2 and L3 from depressed medial part of Lontra Member consists mainly of fluvial glabella. Anterior branch of facial suture sandstones and conglomerates, but its upper- running outside frontal glabellar lobe, parallel most part includes shallow marine tempestites to preglabellar furrows. Anterior cephalic with hummocky cross-stratified sandstones border increasing slightly in length (sag., that contain an important Devonian inverte- exsag.) medially, margin without spines or brate fauna recorded by pioneer workers, crenulations. Pygidium with 16–17 axial rings, among whom were Rathbun (1879), Clarke first three weakly convex (tr.); first four (1890, 1899), and Katzer (1903). The un- interpleural furrows weakly impressed, sub- derlying Jatapu Member of the Maecuru sequent ones line-like; 11 wide and well- Formation consists of bioturbated silty/shaly developed pleural furrows; narrow border; layers and argillaceous sandstones with chit- median keel or mucro absent. inozoans and acritarchs, but does not contain ETYMOLOGY: In reference to the Amazon marine macrofossils. Basin, where the type species occurs, together There is some palynological evidence that with the feminine Greek word aspis, ‘‘shield’’. the underlying fluvio-deltaic and neritic parts STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE: Eifelian, Middle of the Lontra Member are of Emsian to Devonian. Eifelian age, while the overlying Erereˆ REMARKS: Clarke (1890) did not provide Formation is of Eifelian-Givetian ages (Melo a diagnosis for maecurua and his description and Loboziak, 2003). Thus, the age of the was based upon a syntype series that consists fossiliferous marine sandstones forming the only of a few disarticulated specimens. uppermost part of the Lontra Member is Although the available material is fragmen- constrained to the Eifelian (fig. 2). tary and many morphological details are not The marine invertebrate fauna of the very clear, some statements about the affinities Maecuru
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