Facial skeleton. Orbit and nasal cavity.
Sándor Katz M.D.,Ph.D. Skull
Cerebrocranium= Viscerocranium= Neurocranium Facial skeleton
• Frontal bone • Nasal bone • Sphenoid bone • Lacrimal bone • Temporal bone • Ethmoid bone • Parietal bone • Maxilla • Occipital bone • Mandible • Zygomatic bone • Vomer • Palatine bone • Inferior nasal concha • Hyoid bone Viscerocranium= Facial skeleton
• Nasal bone • Lacrimal bone • Ethmoid bone • Maxilla • Mandible • Zygomatic bone • Vomer • Palatine bone • Inferior nasal concha • Hyoid bone Nasal bone
• internasal septum • piriform aperture Lacrimal bone
• posterior lacrimal crest • lacrimal groove • nasolacrimal canal • lacrimal sac Ethmoid bone: perpendicularular plate
• crista galli Ethmoid bone: cribriform plate
• foramina cribrosa Ethmoid bone: cribriform plate
• ethmoidal air cells • ethmoidal labyrinth • orbital (lateral) plate • superior and middle nasal conchae Ethmoid bone: cribriform plate
• ethmoid bulla (8) • uncinate process • semilunar hiatus Maxilla: body
• infraorbital groove • infraorbital canal • infraorbital foramen • infraorbital margin Maxilla: body
• canine fossa Maxilla: body
• tuber maxillae • pterygomaxillary fissure • maxillary sinus • maxillary hiatus Maxilla: frontal process
• aterior lacrimal crest • piriform aperture zygomatic process Maxilla: alveolar process
• alveolar arch • alveolar yokes • anterior nasal spine Maxilla: alveolar process
• dental alveolae • interalveolar septa • interradicular septa Maxilla: palatine process
• incisive canal • median palatine suture • transverse palatine suture Maxilla: palatine process
• nasal crest 3 4 Mandible 5 • base (1) • ramus (2) • condylar process (3) 2 • coronoid process (4) 7 • mandibular notch (5) • angle (6) 8 • alveolar part (7) 1 • oblique line 6 9 • mental foramen • mental protuberance (8) • masseteric tuberosity (9) 1 Mandible
• lingula (1) • mandibular foramen 3 • mylohyoid groove 2 4 • mylohyoid line • pterygoid tuberosity (2) • submandibular fossa (3) • sublingual fossa (4) • mental spine • alveolar arch • dental alveolae • interalveolar septa • interradicular septa Zygomatic bone:
• zygomatic arch 1 • frontal process (1) 3 • temporal process (2) 2 • temporal fossa (3) • zygomaticofacial foramen • infraorbital margin Vomer Palatine bone: perpendicular plate
• sphenopalatine foramen Palatine bone: perpendicular plate
• orbital process • sphenoid process Palatine bone: horisontal plate
• greater palatine foramen and canal
• lesser palatine foramens and canals
• posterior nasal spine Palatine bone:
• pterygopalatine fossa Inferior nasal concha:
• maxillary process • lacrimal process • ethmoid process Hyoid bone:
• body • greater horns • lesser horns Orbit
• pyramidal bony cavity • base is directed anterolaterally • apex is directed posteromedially
Contents: eyeball, extraocular muscles, nerves, vessels and lacrimal apparatus. ORBIT: SUPERIOR WALL 1 2 • orbital part of the frontal bone (1) • lesser wing of the sphenoid (2) • superior orbital fissure • optic canal ORBIT: MEDIAL WALL
• frontal process of maxilla (1) • anterior lacrimal crest (2) 5 • lacrimal bone 4 3 1 • posterior lacrimal crest (3) 2 • lacrimal sac • nasolacrimal canal • orbital plate of ethmoid bone (4) • anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina • body of sphenoid (5) ORBIT: INFERIOR WALL
• body of maxilla (1) • body of sphenoid (2) • perpendicular plate of palatine 2 3 bone (3) • inferior orbital fissure • infraorbital groove (4) 4 1 • infraorbital canal • inferior orbital fissure ORBIT: LATERAL WALL
• greater wing of sphenoid • zygomatic bone
Nasal cavity
• divided by the nasal septum • openings: piriform aperture and choanae • lined by nasal mucosa • divisible into an olfactory and a respiratory area • connection with the paranasal sinuses NASAL CAVITY: MEDIAL WALL
• bony nasal septum: perpendicular plate of 1 ethmoid, sphenoidal crest (1) and vomer NASAL CAVITY: MEDIAL WALL 1 • choanae: body of sphenoid 2 (1), medial lamina of pterygoid process 3 (2), horizontal plate of palatine bone (3) NASAL CAVITY: INFERIOR WALL
• nasal crest (1) • anterior nasal spine (a) • posterior nasal spine (b) • palatine a 1 3 b process of 2 maxilla (2) • horizontal plate of palatine (3) 3 NASAL CAVITY: 2 SUPERIOR WALL 1 4
• nasal bone (1) • nasal part of frontal bone (2) • cribriform plate of ethmoid (3) • sphenoethmoid recess (4) NASAL CAVITY: LATERAL WALL 1 2 3 • frontal process of maxilla (1) • ethmoid bone (2) 5 • nasal conchae 4 • ethmoid bulla • uncinate process • semilunar hiatus (3) • sphenoid bone • body of maxilla • perpendicular plate of palatine (4) • medial lamina of pterygoid process (5) • sphenopalatine foramen • nasolacrimal duct Thank you for your attention.
References: Drake: Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 2nd ed. Standring: Gray’s Anatomy, 39th ed. Radiopaedia.org Thieme Atlas of Anatomy, General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System, Head and Neuroanatomy 2nd ed.