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Ornithofauna of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan

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Ornithofauna of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(6): 859-863 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Ornithofauna of Nakhchivan autonomous republic JEZS 2016; 4(6): 859-863 © 2016 JEZS of Azerbaijan and the it’s less numbered species Received: 26-09-2016 Accepted: 27-10-2016 Arzu Mammadov Arzu Mammadov Institute of Bioresources Nakhcivan Department of NAS Abstract of Azerbaijan Nakhchivan AZ 7000. Str. Babek 10 The investigation work had been carried out surround all area of Autonomous Republic during 2003- 2016 years. Obtained research materials also scientific literature materials had been intended when the spectrum of area ornithofauna compiled. According to gathered materials it was determined that 255 bird species spread in the area, these belong to 18 group, 51 family and 144 genus. The urgent protection status of spreading species in the area had been determined, the information had been gathered about number of some few number species, endangered species had been specified. When we pay attention to division of species for seasonal character, come across whole year had been 92, coming for to breed 85, come across in the wintering 38, come across in migration time 26 and do not breed summer visitors had been 14 species. It was determined that 38 species of 255 are fewer when these valued, 10 species of these are characteristic for Nakhchivan ornithofauna. Majority of sedentary-growing birds are sparrow (86 species) and falcons (16 species). Keywords: Nakhchivan autonomous republic, ornithofauna, Parus ater, Lanius nubicus, species 1. Introduction The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (NAR), forms part of Azerbaijan and has a very high biodiversity with diverse landscapes and varied climatic conditions making it attractive as a research subject. From a geological point of view, the NAR lies at the south-east end of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, an important part of Western Asia that contains a large number of endemics amongst its flora and fauna. The NAR also has representatives of flora and fauna from other biogeography regions [1, 6, 10, 9, 14]. A large part of the NAR is considered a priority corridor of the Caucasus Ecoregional Hotspot. However, scientific data about the NAR ornithofauna still reflects the situation at the end of the 19th century [5, 12, 13, 15, 21]. During the last 15-20 years, there have been noticeable changes in the structure of agriculture, the creation [11, 15, 17, 18] of new wildlife protected areas, and regular conflicts on the border with Armenia . Thus, a current review of bird species in the NAR was required. 2. Materials and methods The area of the NAR that is included in the Western Asia zoogeographical region has a very [3] dynamic landscape with different climate, soil, plant cover and relief . In order to adapt to these natural features, specific ornithofauna has evolved in this region which has been nominated as a separate ornithogeographical area [8, 19]. The field expeditions had been carried out in all seasons of 2003-2016 years in different natural, anthropogenic landscape and biotope of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. During the investigation pay attention to relief, climate, soil, vegetation type of area, permanent observation settlement which differ each other had been chosen. Mainly in the spring, autumn months and in all seasons the area investigations had been carried out in certain stations. All parameters had been valued when stationaries chose, the geographical features of area and certain ecological characteristics of species take into account which can be observe maximal level. Correspondence Generally transect method had been used during bird observation which carried out around the Arzu Mammadov area of river and lakes. According to this method the registration of observations must carried Institute of Bioresources out along one line which determined before. Nakhcivan Department of NAS Out of this method also taking into account air conditions of observation day, relevant of Azerbaijan Nakhchivan AZ 7000. Str. Babek 10 locations selected and coincidental observation method had been utilized. ~ 859 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies Carrying enrollments which gathered in the each area camera and 2 different objective Canon 75-300 mm, 18-55 observation and species list had been compiled. The observed mm, Tamron 1,4x teleconverter and 20x60 Swarovski species during a year called “aboriginal”, observed only in amplifier telescope for to take photos of birds had been used winter months called “winter immigrant”, observed only in in bird observations in the investigation time. The spring months called “spring immigrant”, observed during morphological, ecological and topographic features of species short time in the area in spring or autumn migration time had been determined with obtained photographs and special called “Transit” and the species which leave their main various books. Heinzel and other origins had been utilized. distribution areas for nutrition according to short time called Systematic protection status had been given for IUCN [4, 5]. “Food visitors” when species status determined. During observations the wideness of registration line carried 3. Results and Discussions out for size of species with telescope from 1.0-2.0 km, with Currently, there is insufficient information about the turbine from 25-50 m distance. Food waste in the nest had distribution of birds in the NAR. During our recent been carried out for birds extremeness with treat and with investigations, we have now established that the NAR carrying visual observations in nutrition area when appoint ornithofauna comprise 18 orders, 51 families, 144 genera and food content. 255 species (Table 1). The amplifier turbine 10-22x50 and Canon Eos 400 D photo Table 1: Taxonomic Spectrum of Nakhchivan AR (NAR) ornithofauna. Number of Number of % of total No Orders Number of families genera species species 1. Gaviiformes 1 1 1 0.39 2. Podicipediformes 1 1 3 1.17 3. Pelecaniformes 2 241.56 4. Ciconiiformes 3 10 12 4.70 5. Phoenicopteriformes 1 1 1 0.48 6. Anseriformes 1 7 18 7.05 7. Falconiformes 2 13 27 10.59 8. Galliformes 2 6 6 2.40 9. Gruiformes 3 9 10 4.00 10. Charadriiformes 6 18 32 12.55 11. Columbiformes 2 3 8 3.20 12. Cuculiformes 1 2 2 0.46 13. Strigiformes 1 341.60 14. Caprimulgiformes 1 1 1 0.48 15. Apodiformes 1 1 3 1.20 16. Coraciiformes 4 4 5 2.00 17. Piciformes 1 3 5 2.00 18. Passeriformes 18 59 113 44.30 Total; 51 144 255 100.00 During our research Anser erythropus, Larus heuglini, Parus year round), while the others were either nesting summer ater, Lanius nubicus, Hirundo daurica like species and visitors or over-wintering species. In the winter, the majority Sturnus vulgaris caucasicus like subspecies were found in the of species found were representatives of Anseriformes (7 NAR for the first time. Most species were in the order species), Falconiformes (7 species), Charadriiformes (7 Passeriformes (44.30%), followed by Charadriiformes species) and Passeriformes (8 species; see Table 2). (12.55%), Falconiformes (10.59%), Anseriformes (6.85%) After Passeriformes, one of the most numerous orders in the and then Ciconiiformes (4.80%, see Table 1). NAR according to number of species and numbers of The majority of resident and nesting species were individuals is the Falconiformes. This order includes 27 Passeriformes (93 species) and Falconiformes (16 species. species of which 16 are resident. We also found that all 6 See Table 2). Only Larus argentatus and L. cachinnans from species of Galliformes found here are resident (Table 2). the order Charadriiformes were resident species (occur all Table 2: Migratory status of orders in Nakhchivan AR Resident Nesting Passing № Orders Number of species Wintering species Summering species species species species 1 2 3 9 6 7 8 9 1. Gaviiformes 1 1 - - - - 2. Podicipediformes 3 3 3. Pelecaniformes 4 1 2 1 4. Ciconiiformes 12 4 6 2 5. Phoenicopteriformes 1 1 6. Anseriformes 18 7 4 1 5 7. Falconiformes 27 7 9 7 4 8. Galliformes 6 4 2 9. Gruiformes 10 7 1 2 10. Charadriiformes 32 7 3 12 2 7 11. Columbiformes 8 7 1 ~ 860 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 12. Cuculiformes 2 2 13. Strigiformes 4 2 1 1 14. Caprimulgiformes 1 1 15. Apodiformes 3 3 16. Coraciiformes 5 1 4 17. Piciformes 5 4 1 18. Passeriformes 113 8 55 37 8 7 Total: 255 38 92 85 14 26 Numbers of species in the order Ciconiiformes is less than However, 37 species have both types of nesting behaviour Falconiformes in the NAR with only 10 resident species and 2 (20.90%, see Table 4). summer visitors. In general, there is a dominance of water birds during the migration period. However, three orders Table 4: Distributions of Species according to Nesting Habit. (Falconiformes, Galliformes and Passeriformes) appeared to Nesting type Number of species % be the best adapted to the specific conditions found in this Openly nesting species 119 67.24 region. Secretive nesting species 21 11.86 We found that 93 species (36%) are resident, 85(33%) are Euritop nesting species 37 20.90 breeding birds, 38(15%) are over wintering birds, 26(11%) Total: 177 100.00 are passage migrants and 14(6%) are summer visitors. The species distribution with regard to terrain showed that there Territorial birds with a specific nesting area form the majority were 89 species on the planes (mountain planes), 10 species and comprise 143 species (84.12%) which appeared to be in the foothills, 60 species in the plane-foothill region, 32 related to an equal distribution of food. However, colonial species in the foothill-mountain regions, 23 species in the species only comprised 8.83% and intermediate species only mountains and 41 species were intrazonal [4, p.
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