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Catálogo De Los Pseudoescorpiones De La Península Ibérica E Islas Baleares (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones)

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Catálogo De Los Pseudoescorpiones De La Península Ibérica E Islas Baleares (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) ARTÍCULO: Catálogo de los Pseudoescorpiones de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) Juan A. Zaragoza Resumen: Se ha revisado toda la literatura disponible sobre arácnidos del orden Pseudoscorpiones presente en la Península Ibérica y en las Islas Baleares hasta el año 2005. Esta información ha generado una lista de 178 taxones en 38 géneros. Se informan 14 familias, de las que Neobisiidae y Chthoniidae son las más numerosas y proporcionan un alto número de taxones endémicos. La Península Ibérica incluye tres países: Andorra, España continental y Portugal continental. Una lista de las especies y subespecies que se encuentran en cada provincia (España), distrito ARTÍCULO: (Portugal) o isla (Baleares) se ofrece hacia el final de la obra. Catálogo de los pseudoescorpiones Palabras clave: Pseudoescorpiones, Catálogo, Península Ibérica, Islas Baleares, de la Península Ibérica e Islas Andorra, Portugal, España. Baleares (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) Juan A. Zaragoza Catalogue of the pseudoscorpions of the Iberian Peninsula and Departamento de Ecología, Balearic Islands (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, España. Abstract: [email protected] All the available taxonomic literature on the arachnid order Pseudoscorpiones present in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands up to the year 2005 has been examined, from which has been produced a list of 178 taxa in 38 genera. Fourteen families, are represented, of which the Neobisiidae and Revista Ibérica de Aracnología Chthoniidae are the most diverse and provide a high number of endemic ISSN: 1576 - 9518. taxa. The Iberian Peninsula includes three countries: Andorra, mainland Dep. Legal: Z-2656-2000. Portugal and mainland Spain. A list of the species and subspecies occuring Vol. 13, 30-VI-2006 in each province (Spain), district (Portugal) or island (Balearics) is given Sección: Artículos y Notas. Key words: Pseudoscorpions, Catalogue, Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, Pp: 3-91 Andorra, Portugal, Spain. Edita: Grupo Ibérico de Aracnología (GIA) Grupo de trabajo en Aracnología Introducción de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (SEA) No se me ocurre mejor ocasión para la publicación de un catálogo de Avda. Radio Juventud, 37 los pseudoescorpiones íbero-baleáricos que cuando se cumplen ahora 150 50012 Zaragoza (ESPAÑA) Tef. 976 324415 años de la primera cita bibliográfica de una especie perteneciente al Orden Fax. 976 535697 en esa área geográfica. Me refiero al registro de L. Koch (1856) para C-elect.: [email protected] Obisium pallipes [=Olpium pallipes (Lucas)] en Andalucía (sin mayor precisión). Director: Carles Ribera El Catálogo cubre el área geográfica de la Península Ibérica: Andorra, C-elect.: [email protected] España continental y Portugal continental, así como las Islas Baleares. Se Información sobre suscripción, excluye la vertiente francesa de los Pirineos. índices, resúmenes de artículos on line, Precedentes de este Catálogo se podrían considerar el trabajo de normas de publicación, etc. en: Nonídez (1917) "Pseudoscorpiones de España", la "Sinopsis de los Indice, resúmenes, abstracts vols. Quernetos de la Península Ibérica" de Navás (1925) y el de Beier (1939) publicados: “Die Pseudoscorpioniden-Fauna der iberischen Halbinsel". La monografía http://entomologia.rediris.es/sea/ de Beier (1963) sobre la fauna europea incluye la descripción taxonómica de publicaciones/ria/index.htm todos los taxones íbero-baleáricos aunque los datos de distribución son muy Página web GIA: generales. El Catálogo mundial de Harvey (1991) es, asimismo, una http://entomologia.rediris.es/gia importante fuente de información sobre la fauna en el ámbito geográfico Página web SEA: considerado. Zaragoza (2000b) confecciona una relación de la bibliografía http://www.sea-entomologia.org íbero-balear; asimismo, Zaragoza (1988a, 2004) realiza el apartado de Pseudoescorpiones dentro de las Monografías "Curso Práctico de Entomología" editadas por José Antonio Barrientos, con claves para la determinación de las familias ibéricas. 4 Juan A. Zaragoza LA PSEUDOESCORPIONOLOGÍA ÍBERO-BALEAR Se pueden considerar diferentes períodos en el En ese período casi todas las referencias curso de la investigación sobre pseudoescorpiones en el corresponden a investigadores extranjeros, las citas son ámbito íbero-balear: dispersas y se limitan muchas de ellas a nuevas El primero de ellos abarcaría desde la cita de L. localizaciones de especies europeas ya conocidas. Koch (1856) (Fig. 1) aludida en el apartado de Destacar los artículos de Koch, Stecker, Ellingsen “Introducción” hasta la publicación del meritorio trabajo (1912: descripción del fantástico Ideobisium racovitzai de Nonídez (1917). = Troglobisium racovitzai) y, sobre todo, los de E. Simon que se ocupan de la fauna de diversas regiones españolas y portuguesas. En este periodo, la aportación de los investigadores ibéricos: Cuní, Ferrer, Franganillo, Nobre, es muy discreta. En 1917, el investigador José Fernández Nonídez (1892-1947), vinculado al Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, publica el artículo titulado "Pseudoscorpiones de España" (Fig.2) que en 46 páginas compila toda la información existente hasta la fecha sobre estos arácnidos en nuestro País y, lo que es más importante, estudia la colección existente en el citado Museo, aportando nuevas localizaciones, presencias inéditas y describiendo nuevos taxones. Las descripciones de Nonídez son sorpren- dentemente detalladas y "modernas" acompañadas de figuras de los habitus de muchas especies muy bien y fielmente realizadas. Lamentablemente para la pseudo- escorpionología ibérica, Nonídez se ausentó después de España por un largo periodo para incorporarse al laboratorio del famoso genético Thomas Hunt Morgan en la Universidad de Columbia, Estados Unidos y fruto de aquella estancia publicó en 1922 una famosa obra: La Herencia Mendeliana, por la que se le considera el Figura 1: Portada de la publicación "Die Thiere iniciador de los estudios genéticos en España. Andalusiens" de Ludwig Koch, 1856. Figura 2: Portada de la publicación Figura 3: Portada de la publicación "Ordnung "Pseudoscorpiones de España" de Pseudoscorpionidea (Afterskorpione)", monografía José Fernández Nonídez, 1917 de fauna europea, de Max Beier, 1963. Catálogo de los Pseudoescorpiones de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares 5 Figura 4: Dr. Max Beier (1903-1979) Figura 5: Dr. Max Vachon (1908-1991) La publicación del primer artículo citado de Especialmente destacable es su artículo del año Nonídez y su inmediata ausencia, sirvió de ánimo al 1939 en el que revisa y actualiza las citas de Nonídez y prolífico entomólogo Padre Longinos Navás (1858- Navás, sinonimizando algunas, rechazando o confir- 1938) La publicación del primer artículo citado de mando otras y adecuando todas a una ordenación Nonídez y su inmediata ausencia, sirvió de ánimo al sistemática actual. Entre otras muchas, hay que hacer prolífico entomólogo Padre Longinos Navás para mención a la descripción de toda la serie de taxones del estudiar la colección de quernetos que había ido NO Peninsular incluidas inicialmente en el género reuniendo a lo largo de todas sus campañas faunísticas. Microcreagris Balzan y actualmente ubicadas en el El resultado de estos estudios se fue publicando en género Roncocreagris Mahnert, posteriormente descrito. diversos artículos desde el año 1918 hasta el 1925; ese Su monografía de la fauna europea "Ordnung Pseudos- último año ve la luz su "Sinopsis de los Quernetos corpionidea (Afterskorpione)" de 1963 (Fig. 3) es una (Arácnidos) de la Península Ibérica " en el que actualiza obra fundamental para cualquier investigador ibérico los datos de fauna ibérica con las incorporaciones de sus que quiera iniciarse en el estudio de estos arácnidos. trabajos de esos años. Los artículos quernetológicos de El Dr. Max Vachon (1908-1991) (Fig. 5) del Navás son escuetos en las descripciones y las figuras Muséum national d´Histoire Naturelle, París, también son muy pobres y esquemáticas; algunas de sus afamado especialista de la época, publica a partir de novedades fueron posteriormente objeto de sinonímia y 1940 un corto pero muy interesante número de artículos otras confirmadas por Beier. sobre fauna ibérica, especialmente portuguesa. A su vuelta de América, Nonídez aún publica otro Cabe destacar también su descripción del trabajo sobre los neobísidos del subgénero cavernícola Spelyngochthonius heurtaultae Vachon, 1967, de la Blothrus en el Norte de España en el que se describe un provincia de Tarragona, único representante ibérico de elevado número de nuevos taxones, que aún se un género con carácter relictual. mantienen válidos hasta la fecha y que fue complemento A principios de la década de los años 1970, Ángel de otro previo y breve de Cándido Bolívar (1924). Lagar publica un par de artículos (1972a, b) sobre El celebre investigador mundial Dr. Max Beier material que había ido recogiendo, en su mayoría (1903-1979) (Fig. 4), del Naturhistorisches Museum procedente de cavidades subterráneas; también, hasta Wien, inaugura un tercer y prolongado perodo desde 1976 interviene como colaborador en la sección de 1929 hasta 1971 durante el que es el principal bioespeleología de diversos artículos publicados en investigador en fauna íbero-balear. Especialmente en los revistas de sociedades espeleológicas, en las que cita primeros años, Beier publica muchas e interesantes capturas de quernetos con una cierta asiduidad. De las novedades y enriquece considerablemente el
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