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Palinoestratigrafía, Paleoambientes Y Cambios Climáticos Durante El Cretácico Final Y Paleógeno De La Cuenca Del Grupo Salta, República Argentina

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Palinoestratigrafía, Paleoambientes Y Cambios Climáticos Durante El Cretácico Final Y Paleógeno De La Cuenca Del Grupo Salta, República Argentina PROBIOL Tesis doctoral PALINOESTRATIGRAFÍA, PALEOAMBIENTES Y CAMBIOS CLIMÁTICOS DURANTE EL CRETÁCICO FINAL Y PALEÓGENO DE LA CUENCA DEL GRUPO SALTA, REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA Lic. Paula Liliana Narváez Director: Dr. Wolfgang Volkheimer (IANIGLA/CCT-CONICET-Mendoza) Co-directora: Dra. Rosa Marquillas (CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta) Mendoza, Junio de 2009 A mis padres AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) por concederme la beca doctoral que permitió la realización de esta tesis. Al Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (CCT- CONICET-Mendoza) por la infraestuctura y el equipamiento brindados para este estudio. Agradezco a mi director Dr. Wolfgang Volkheimer (Wolf) por proporcionarme las herramientas para incursionar en la palinología. Gracias por las enseñanzas y lecturas críticas de cada etapa y especialmente por el cariño y respeto en el trabajo. A mi codirectora Dra. Rosa Marquillas por la valiosa ayuda en los temas geológicos, el profesionalismo en los consejos y las acertadas correcciones que mejoraron el manuscrito. Al Dr José Salfity por las enseñanzas en el campo y su confianza desde un principio. Al Dr. Ignacio Sabino y al Geól. Martín Novara por la colección de muestras en el campo y ayuda con el contexto geológico de las localidades muestreadas. A Alejandra Moschetti por su amistad y asesoramiento constante en el procesamiento de las muestras en laboratorio. A la Dra. Mercedes Prámparo por su ayuda en la determinación de especies y lectura crítica de los capítulos de sistemática. A los técnicos del MEB MACN (Fabián Tricárico) y del LABMEM (Alejo Carreras, María del Rosario Torres y Esteban Crespo) por su dedicación y buena predisposición. A las Dras. V. Barreda, M. Quattrocchio y M. Prámparo por los comentarios realizados en la evaluación de esta tesis. Muchas gracias a mis compañeros de oficina (Susana, Flor, Elena y José) por la excelente predisposición para aclarar mis dudas en cuestiones de geología e informática. Muy especialmente: a mis queridos padres y hermanos por el amor incondicional. A Susana y Maxi por la paciencia y el cariño en todo momento. Estoy enormemente agradecida a todos mis seres queridos (familiares y amigos) por el afecto y apoyo de cada día sin el cual nada de esto hubiera sido posible. Los gastos fueron solventados con fondos de proyectos de la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT, PICT 12419 y 12492), del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, PIP 2905 y 5222), y del Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Salta (CIUNSa, proyectos 876/4, 1220, 1281 y 1680). La presente tesis es una contribución al Instituto del Cenozoico (INCE) de la Universidad Nacional de Salta. i ÍNDICE RESUMEN………………………………………………………………………..……. 1 ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..… 3 CAPÍTULO 1: INTRODUCCIÓN………………………………………………….… 5 CAPÍTULO 2: MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS………………………………………. 9 2.1. Trabajo de campo………………………………………………………….……… 10 2.2. Trabajo de laboratorio……………………………………………………..……… 10 2.3. Trabajo de gabinete………………………………………………………..……… 11 CAPÍTULO 3: MARCO GEOLÓGICO DE LA CUENCA DEL GRUPO SALTA………………………………………………………………… 14 3.1. Introducción………………………………………………………………………. 15 3.2. Subgrupo Pirgua…………………………………………………………………. 16 3.2.1. Formación La Yesera……………………………………………………… 16 3.2.2. Formación Las Curtiembres……………………………………………....... 17 3.2.3. Formación Los Blanquitos………………………………………………… 18 3.3. Subgrupo Balbuena………………………………………………………………. 18 3.3.1. Formación Lecho…………………………………………………………... 19 3.3.2. Formación Yacoraite……………………………………………….……… 20 3.3.3. Formaciones Olmedo/Tunal…………………………………………….…. 21 3.4. Subgrupo Santa Bárbara………………………………………………………… 22 3.4.1. Formación Mealla……………………………………………………….…. 22 3.4.2. Formación Maíz Gordo………………………………………………….… 23 3.4.3. Formación Lumbrera………………………………………………………. 24 CAPÍTULO 4: SUBGRUPO PIRGUA……………………………………………….. 29 4.1. Estudios palinológicos previos………………………………………………….…. 30 4.2. Formación La Yesera……………………………………………………………. 30 ii Índice Tesis Doctoral Paula Narváez 2009 4.2.1. Localidad de muestreo: valle de Pucará…………………………………… 30 4.2.2. Listado taxonómico de especies…………………………………………… 31 4.2.3. Descripciones sistemáticas………………………………………………… 32 4.2.4. Paleoambiente……………………………………………………..……….. 53 4.2.5. Edad…………………………………………………………………….….. 57 4.3. Formación Las Curtiembres………………………………………………….…. 59 4.3.1 Localidad de muestreo: quebrada Palo Seco…………………………….… 59 4.3.2. Listado taxonómico de especies…………………………………………… 60 4.3.3. Descripciones sistemáticas………………………………………………… 60 4.3.4. Paleoambiente………………………………………………….…….......… 70 4.3.5. Edad………………………………………………………………………... 71 4.4. Formación Los Blanquitos……………………………………………………..... 73 4.4.1 Localidad de muestreo: Vilches…………………………………………… 73 4.4.2. Listado taxonómico de especies…………………………………………… 73 4.4.3. Paleoambiente…………………………………………………………….... 74 4.4.4. Edad…………………………………………………………………….….. 74 CAPÍTULO 5: SUBGRUPO BALBUENA…………………………………………… 94 5.1. Estudios palinológicos previos…………………………………………………….. 95 5.2. Formación Lecho ……………………………………...………………………….. 96 5.3. Formación Yacoraite ……………………………………………………………. 96 5.3.1. Localidad de muestreo: Tres Cruces………………………………………. 96 5.3.2. Listado taxonómico de especies…………………………………………… 96 5.3.3. Descripciones sistemáticas………………………………………………… 96 5.3.4. Paleoambiente……………………………………………………………... 98 5.3.5. Edad……………………………………………………………………….. 99 5.4. Formaciones Olmedo/Tunal…………………………………………………….. 100 5.4.1 Formación Olmedo………………………………………………………. 100 5.4.1.1 Localidad de muestreo: Garabatal……………………………….. 100 5.4.1.2. Listado taxonómico de especies…………………………………. 100 5.4.1.3. Descripciones sistemáticas………………………………………. 101 5.4.1.4. Paleoambiente…………………………………………………… 119 iii Índice Tesis Doctoral Paula Narváez 2009 5.4.1.5. Edad…………………………………………………………….... 120 5.4.2 Formación Tunal……………………………………………………….… 122 5.4.2.1. Localidad de muestreo: quebrada El Chorro…………………….. 122 5.4.2.2. Listado taxonómico de especies…………………………………. 123 5.4.2.3. Descripciones sistemáticas…………………………………….… 124 5.4.2.4. Paleoambiente………………………………………………….… 144 5.4.2.5. Edad…………………………………………………………….... 146 CAPÍTULO 6: SUBGRUPO SANTA BÁRBARA…………………………………… 168 6.1. Formación Mealla……………………………………………….……………….. 169 6.1.1 Localidad de muestreo: Garabatal…………………….…………………… 169 6.1.2. Listado taxonómico de especies…………………………………………… 169 6.1.3. Paleoambiente……………………………………………………………... 170 6.1.4. Edad……………………………………………………………………….. 171 6.2. Formación Maíz Gordo………………………………………………………….. 172 6.2.1. Localidades de muestreo: Corralito y arroyo Las Tortugas……………….. 172 6.2.2. Listado taxonómico de especies…………………………………………… 172 6.2.3. Paleoambiente……………………………………………………………... 173 6.2.4. Edad………………………………………………………………….…….. 173 6.3. Formación Lumbrera……………………………………………………………. 174 6.3.1 Localidad de muestreo: Pampa Grande………………………………….… 174 6.3.2. Listado taxonómico de especies…………………………………………… 174 6.3.3. Paleoambiente……………………………………………………………... 175 6.3.4. Edad…………………………………………………………………….….. 175 CAPITULO 7: PALEOGEOGRAFÍA Y CAMBIOS CLIMÁTICOS……………… 177 7.1. Paleogeografía……………………………………………………………………. 178 7.1.1. Cretácico Temprano………………………………………………....…….. 178 7.1.2. Cretácico Tardío……………………………………………………....…… 179 7.1.3. Paleógeno………………………………………………………………….. 180 7.2. Cambios climáticos………………………………………………………………. 181 7.2.1. Cretácico………………………………………………………….………... 181 iv Índice Tesis Doctoral Paula Narváez 2009 7.2.2. Límite Cretácico-Paleógeno……………………………………………….. 183 7.2.3. Paleógeno………………………………………………………………….. 184 CAPÍTULO 8: PROVINCIAS PALINOFLORÍSTICAS…………………………… 186 8.1. Cretácico…………………………………………………………………………... 187 8.2. Paleógeno………………………………………………………………………….. 192 CAPÍTULO 9: CONCLUSIONES Y DISCUSIÓN………………………………….. 194 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS...…………………………………………....… 200 v Índice Tesis Doctoral Paula Narváez 2009 ÍNDICE DE ILUSTRACIONES: Tablas Tabla 1. Repositorio de muestras procesadas en el marco de la presente tesis……...…. 13 Tabla 2. Cuadro estratigráfico del Grupo Salta en la subcuenca de Alemanía……......... 25 Tabla 3. Formación La Yesera. Rangos estratigráficos de especies seleccionadas provenientes de valle de Pucará (Subcuenca de Brealito)………………………........…. 82 Tabla 4. Formaciones Olmedo y Tunal. Comparación de las abundancias relativas de los palinomorfos procedentes de tres localidades de la Formación Tunal (Corralito, Tilián y El Chorro) y de la Formación Olmedo (Garabatal)……….…. 153 Figuras Figura 1. Mapa del Grupo Salta mostrando las principales subcuencas y altos estructurales……………………………………………………………………….…...… 26 Figura 2. Columna simplificada del Grupo Salta indicando los paleoambientes de depósito……………………………………………………………………….…….... 27 Figura 3. Unidades estratigráficas que sobrepuestas a la Formación Yacoraite………... 28 Figura 4. Formación La Yesera. Mapa de ubicación de la localidad de muestreo…..... 75 Figura 5. Formación La Yesera. Columna estratigráfica de la Formación La Yesera en el valle del Pucará………………………………………………………...…. 76 Figura 6. Formación La Yesera. Porcentajes de especies y/o grupos presentes en las muestras del Miembro………………………………………………….……..….. 77 Figura 7. Formación La Yesera. Porcentajes de las distintas especies y/o grupos presentes en las muestras del Miembro Don Bartolo……………………………….….. 78 Figura 8. Formación Las Curtiembres. Mapa de ubicación…………….………..…... 79 Figura 9. Formación Las Curtiembres. Columna estratigráfica del Miembro Morales en la quebrada de Palo Seco………………………………………..……….… 80 Figura 10. Formación
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