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Alba Port Capacity Upgrade Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Aluminium Bahrain July 2018 1B071301 Rev 01 Office 901, 9th Floor, The Address Tower P.O. Box 10379 AlSeef Area Kingdom of Bahrain Tel: +973 1753 3259 Fax: +973 1753 3754 [email protected] Alba Port Capacity Upgrade Project Title Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Date July 2018 Dr Andy Booth, Rafaela Konialidis, Eman Rafea, Kate Elsworth, Antonella Contributors Paci, Mike Arora, Sarah Ben Arfa, John Drabble Document History File Name, Revision Number Status Date 1B071301, ESIA Report, Rev 00 First Draft 21.6.18 1B071301, ESIA Report, Rev 01 Final 3.7.18 Checked By Andy Booth Initials/Date 3.7.18 Approved By Halel Engineer Initials/Date 3.7.18 Copyright©2018, Environment Arabia, All Rights Reserved. The information in this report shall not be disclosed, duplicated, used in whole or in part for any purpose. A written approval from Environment Arabia shall be obtained prior to use of this document. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Scope of ESIA 1 1.3 Statement of Need 1 1.4 Consideration of the ‘Do-Nothing’ Option 1 1.5 Engineering Team 2 1.6 ESIA Consultants 2 1.7 ESIA Report Structure 3 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Existing Infrastructure 5 2.3 Proposed Infrastructure 8 2.4 Upgrade of Existing Grab and Conveyor on Jetty 1 15 2.5 Construction Methodologies 15 2.6 Commissioning Activities 16 2.7 Decommissioning Activities 16 2.8 Construction Programme 17 2.9 Traffic Movements 17 2.10 Shipping Schedules 17 2.11 Construction Laydown Area 20 2.12 Staff Requirements for Construction 22 2.13 Operation Manpower 23 3 ESIA METHODOLOGY 24 3.1 Terminology 24 3.2 Legal Requirement for ESIA in Bahrain 24 3.3 International Guidance 25 3.4 Stages of ESIA Methodology 28 4 PLANNING AND LANDUSE 33 4.1 Introduction 33 4.2 Area of Influence 33 4.3 Description of Land Use 33 4.4 Bahrain 2030: The National Plan 36 4.5 Identification of Potential Sensitive Receptors 36 5 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 40 5.1 Introduction 40 5.2 Legislation and Guidance 40 5.3 Identification of Stakeholders 41 5.4 Consultation’s to Date 41 5.5 Stakeholder Engagement Plan 45 5.6 External Grievance Mechanism 46 5.7 Publication of the ESIA 46 5.8 Follow up Engagement 46 5.9 Summary 46 1B071301 Alba Port ESIA, Rev 01 July 2018 i 6 AIR QUALITY 48 6.1 Introduction 48 6.2 Legislation and Guidance 48 6.3 Assessment Methodology 50 6.4 Air Quality Baseline 57 6.5 Impact Assessment 58 6.6 Mitigation 69 6.7 Summary 70 7 COMMUNITY HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY 72 7.1 Introduction 72 7.2 Legislation and Guidance 72 7.3 Assessment Methodology 73 7.4 Baseline 73 7.5 Assessment of Impacts 75 7.6 Mitigation 77 7.7 Summary 77 8 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY 79 8.1 Introduction 79 8.2 Legislation and Guidance 79 8.3 Assessment Methodology 79 8.4 Baseline 82 8.5 Impact Assessment 87 8.6 Mitigation 88 8.7 Monitoring 89 8.8 Summary 89 9 LABOUR AND WORKING CONDITIONS 91 9.1 Introduction 91 9.2 Assessment Methodology 91 9.3 Workforce Numbers 92 9.4 Comparison of Bahrain Labour Law and International Guidance 94 9.5 Impact Assessment 101 9.6 Management and Mitigation 102 9.7 Summary 105 10 MARINE AND COASTAL ECOLOGY 108 10.1 Introduction 108 10.2 Assessment Methodology 108 10.3 Baseline 112 10.4 Impact Assessment – Construction 125 10.5 Summary 132 11 MARINE SEDIMENT AND WATER QUALITY 135 11.1 Introduction 135 11.2 Assessment Methodology 135 11.3 Baseline Marine Sediment Quality Results 144 11.4 Baseline Marine Water Quality Results 149 11.5 Impact Assessment – Construction 151 11.6 Impact Assessment – Operation 154 1B071301 Alba Port ESIA, Rev 01 July 2018 ii 11.7 Impact Assessment – Decommissioning 155 11.8 Mitigation and Monitoring 155 12 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 157 12.1 Introduction 157 12.2 Legislation and Guidance 157 12.3 Assessment Methodology 157 12.4 Baseline 158 12.5 Assessment of Impacts 158 12.6 Mitigation 163 12.7 Monitoring 164 12.8 Summary 164 13 TRAFFIC AND ACCESS 167 13.1 Introduction 167 13.2 Legislation and Guidance 167 13.3 Assessment Methodology 167 13.4 Baseline 168 13.5 Assessment of Impacts 171 13.6 Mitigation and Management 173 13.7 Monitoring 174 13.8 Summary 174 14 WASTE MANAGEMENT 175 14.1 Introduction 175 14.2 Legislation and Guidance 175 14.3 Assessment Methodology 175 14.4 Baseline 176 14.5 Impact Assessment 176 14.6 Mitigation 181 14.7 Monitoring 182 14.8 Summary 182 15 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION 184 15.1 Introduction 184 15.2 Construction Phase 184 15.3 Operational Phase 184 15.4 Summary of the Alba Port Upgrade 184 16 REFERENCES 195 Figures Figure 2.1‎ Site Location Plan .............................................................................. 6 Figure 2.2‎ Aerial Images of Existing Port ............................................................ 7 Figure 2.3‎ Jetty 1 ................................................................................................. 8 Figure 2.4‎ Existing Vacuum Unloader on Jetty 2 ................................................ 9 Figure 2.5‎ Jetty 2 Extension .............................................................................. 10 Figure 2.6‎ Area for Jetty Extensions ................................................................. 10 Figure 2.7‎ Existing Coke Storage Shed ............................................................ 12 Figure 2.8‎ Location of Storage Silos ................................................................. 13 Figure 2.9‎ Pile Arrangement ............................................................................. 16 1B071301 Alba Port ESIA, Rev 01 July 2018 iii Figure 2.10‎ Location of Construction Laydown Area .......................................... 21 Figure 2.11‎ Staffing Requirements ...................................................................... 22 Figure 2.12‎ Marine Organisation Chart 2018 ...................................................... 23 Figure 3.1‎ Stages of EIA Methodology in Bahrain ............................................ 25 Figure 3.2‎ Mitigation Hierarchy ......................................................................... 32 Figure 4.1‎ Land Use Plan .................................................................................. 35 Figure 4.2‎ Extract from Bahrain National Plan 2030 ......................................... 38 Figure 6.1‎ Modelled Road Transportation Route .............................................. 51 Figure 6.2‎ Annual Wind Roses – Bahrain 2011 - 2015 ..................................... 53 Figure 6.3‎ Receptor Locations R1 – R13 .......................................................... 55 Figure 7.1‎ Fishing Vessel within Alba’s Port Area ............................................ 73 Figure 9.1‎ Staffing Requirements ...................................................................... 92 Figure 9.2‎ Marine Operation Organization Chart .............................................. 94 Figure 10.1 Key Features of the Immediate Study Area ................................... 114 Figure 10.2 Habitat map .................................................................................... 117 Figure 10.3 MARGIS 2 habitat within 7 km radius of the project area .............. 124 Figure 11.1 Location of AOI with Sediment and Water Quality Sampling Stations ........................................................................................................ 140 Figure 13.1‎ Traffic and Access – Existing Conditions ....................................... 169 Figure 13.2‎ Proposed Interchange at Alba Roundabout................................... 170 Figure 13.3‎ Proposed Interchange at Nuwaidrat Roundabout ......................... 170 Tables Table 1.1 EACS’s ESIA Project Team ............................................................... 3 Table 2.1 Number of Vessels Berthed in 2017 ................................................ 18 Table 2.2 Summary of Future Shipping Movements ....................................... 18 Table 2.3 Jetty 1: GPC and Liquid Pitch Vessel Occupancy after Upgrade ... 19 Table 2.4 Jetty 2: Alumina and CPC Vessel Occupancy After Upgrade ......... 19 Table 2.5 Development of Project Resources Over Time ............................... 22 Table 3.1 Parameters Investigated For Scoping ............................................. 29 Table 3.2 Parameters Excluded from Scoping ................................................ 29 Table 3.3 Impact Significance Levels .............................................................. 31 Table 4.1 Potential Sensitive Receptors .......................................................... 37 Table 4.2 Matrix of AOI Against ESIA Parameters .......................................... 39 Table 5.1 Stakeholder Engagement to Date .................................................... 42 Table 5.2 Summary of Required Actions for Stakeholder Engagement .......... 47 Table 6.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards and Guidelines ............................... 49 Table 6.2 Shipping Vessel Emission Rates ..................................................... 52 Table 6.3 Model Receptor Locations ............................................................... 54 Table 6.4 Air Quality Assessment Criteria ....................................................... 56 Table 6.5 Background Air Pollutant Concentrations ........................................ 57 Table 6.6 Modelled Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations - Shipping .........................................................................................................

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