1 JOHN STEPHEN SPARKS Curriculum Vitae Curator-In-Charge
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
500 Natural Sciences and Mathematics
500 500 Natural sciences and mathematics Natural sciences: sciences that deal with matter and energy, or with objects and processes observable in nature Class here interdisciplinary works on natural and applied sciences Class natural history in 508. Class scientific principles of a subject with the subject, plus notation 01 from Table 1, e.g., scientific principles of photography 770.1 For government policy on science, see 338.9; for applied sciences, see 600 See Manual at 231.7 vs. 213, 500, 576.8; also at 338.9 vs. 352.7, 500; also at 500 vs. 001 SUMMARY 500.2–.8 [Physical sciences, space sciences, groups of people] 501–509 Standard subdivisions and natural history 510 Mathematics 520 Astronomy and allied sciences 530 Physics 540 Chemistry and allied sciences 550 Earth sciences 560 Paleontology 570 Biology 580 Plants 590 Animals .2 Physical sciences For astronomy and allied sciences, see 520; for physics, see 530; for chemistry and allied sciences, see 540; for earth sciences, see 550 .5 Space sciences For astronomy, see 520; for earth sciences in other worlds, see 550. For space sciences aspects of a specific subject, see the subject, plus notation 091 from Table 1, e.g., chemical reactions in space 541.390919 See Manual at 520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, 530.1, 919.9 .8 Groups of people Add to base number 500.8 the numbers following —08 in notation 081–089 from Table 1, e.g., women in science 500.82 501 Philosophy and theory Class scientific method as a general research technique in 001.4; class scientific method applied in the natural sciences in 507.2 502 Miscellany 577 502 Dewey Decimal Classification 502 .8 Auxiliary techniques and procedures; apparatus, equipment, materials Including microscopy; microscopes; interdisciplinary works on microscopy Class stereology with compound microscopes, stereology with electron microscopes in 502; class interdisciplinary works on photomicrography in 778.3 For manufacture of microscopes, see 681. -
Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Description of a New Species
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by American Museum of Natural History Scientific Publications PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3459, 21 pp., 8 ®gures, 2 tables October 28, 2004 A Clade of Non-Sexually Dimorphic Pony®shes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Description of a New Species JOHN S. SPARKS1 AND PAUL V. DUNLAP 2 ABSTRACT A phylogeny was generated for Leiognathidae, commonly known as pony®shes, using nu- cleotide characters from two mitochondrial genes. Results indicate that Leiognathidae com- prises two major clades, one consisting of species that exhibit internally sexually dimorphic light-organ systems (LOS), and the Leiognathus equulus species complex, whose members exhibit neither internal nor external sexual dimorphism of the LOS. Species with internally sexually dimorphic LOS generally also exhibit associated male-speci®c external modi®cations in the form of transparent patches on the margin of the opercle, the midlateral ¯ank, or behind the pectoral ®n axil. The L. equulus species complex is the sister group to all other leiog- nathids, and a new species, L. robustus, recovered within this clade is described herein. Results demonstrate that Leiognathus is paraphyletic, whereas Gazza and Secutor are each monophy- letic and are nested within the sexually dimorphic clade. The morphology of the LOS of non- sexually dimorphic leiognathids is compared to the more common sexually dimorphic state, and differences in these systems are discussed and illustrated. In the context of a family-level phylogeny, we can trace the evolution of the leiognathid LOS from a ``simple'' non-sexually dimorphic circumesophageal light organ to a complex and species-speci®c luminescence sys- tem involving not only major structural modi®cations of the light organ itself but also nu- merous associated tissues. -
First Record of Pope's Ponyfish Equulites Popei (Whitley, 1932), (Osteichthyes: Leiognathidae) in the Syrian Marine Waters (Eastern Mediterranean)
DOI: 10.22120/jwb.2020.123579.1127 Special issue 1-5 (2020) Challenges for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Mediterranean Region (http://www.wildlife-biodiversity.com/) Short communication First Record of Pope's ponyfish Equulites popei (Whitley, 1932), (Osteichthyes: Leiognathidae) in the Syrian Marine Waters (Eastern Mediterranean) Amir Ibrahim1, Chirine Hussein1, Firas Introduction Alshawy1*, Alaa Alcheikh Ahmad2 The Mediterranean Sea has received numerous 1Marine Biology Department, High Institute of alien species (Katsanevakis et al. 2014), that 'Marine Research، Tishreen University، Lattakia benefited from the environmental conditions –Syria, alteration due to climate changes and human 2 General Commission of Fisheries Resources: activities ((Katsanevakis et al. 2016, Mannino Coastal Area Branch, Tartous-Syria et al. 2017, Queiroz and Pooley 2018, Giovos department of Biological, Geological and et al. 2019). Leiognathidae family includes Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, ten genera containing 51 species (Froese and Catania, Italy *Email: [email protected] Pauly 2019) that spread in the tropical and Received: 26 March 2020 / Revised: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 29 subtropical marine waters. They are May 2020 / Published online: 5 June 2020. Ministry of Sciences, characterized by small to medium-size (rarely Research, and Technology, Arak University, Iran. exceeding 16 cm) and protractile mouth Abstract forming, when extended, a tube directed either The eastern Mediterranean has received many upwards (Secutor species), forward (Gazza alien fish species, mainly due to climate species) or forward-downward (Leiognathus changes and human activities. The Lessepsian species) (Carpenter and Niem 1999). Equulites species Equulites popei (Whitley, 1932) had popei (Whitley, 1932), of the family been previously recorded in the northern and Leiognathidae, had been recorded in the southern parts of the eastern Mediterranean. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION In nearly every body of water around the world, the most abundant vertebrate is a fi sh. From the deepest parts of the ocean to high alpine streams, fi shes live and reproduce, sometimes in places where no other vertebrates can survive. Whether peering out from a submarine while conducting deep-sea research, or stopping for a drink of water during a hike in the mountains, explorers, scientists, and naturalists fi nd fi shes. With well over 30,000 species, fi shes account for more than half of the total extant vertebrate diversity on Earth— in other words, there are more living species of fi shes than of amphibians, turtles, lizards, birds, and mammals combined. Not only are fi shes diverse in number of their species, but they are diverse in the habitats in which they live, the foods that they eat, the ways in which they reproduce, communicate, and interact with their environment, and the behaviors that they exhibit. Fishes can also be extremely abundant: the most abundant vertebrates on the planet are the small bristlemouth fi shes (Gonostomatidae) that are common throughout the vast open ocean. In some cases abundant fi shes such as cods, tunas, salmons, herrings, and anchovies support massive fi sheries that feed hundreds of millions of people. By supporting coastal communities and societies, these fi sheries (and the fi shes they target) have helped shape human history, becoming the foundation for coastal economies and an engine for global exploration and expansion. WHAT IS A FISH? Humans use the term “fi sh” to refer to several groups of vertebrates that do not have a clear set of diagnostic characteristics unique to them. -
Estuarine Fish Diversity of Tamil Nadu, India
Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 46 (10), October 2017, pp. 1968-1985 Estuarine fish diversity of Tamil Nadu, India H.S. Mogalekar*, J. Canciyal#, P. Jawahar, D.S. Patadiya, C. Sudhan, P. Pavinkumar, Prateek, S. Santhoshkumar & A. Subburaj Department of Fisheries Biology and Resource Management, Fisheries College & Research Institute, (Tamil Nadu Fisheries University), Thoothukudi-628 008, India. #ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, Telangana, India. *[E-Mail: [email protected]] Received 04 February 2016 ; revised 10 August 2017 Systematic and updated checklist of estuarine fishes contains 330 species distributed under 205 genera, 95 families, 23 orders and two classes. The most diverse order was perciformes with 175 species, 100 genera and 43 families. The top four families with the highest number of species were gobidae (28 species), carangidae (23 species), engraulidae (15 species) and lutjanidae (14 species). Conservation status of all taxa includes one species as endangered, five species as vulnerable, 14 near threatened, 93 least concern and 16 data deficient. As numbers of commercial, sports, ornamental and cultivable fishes are high, commercial and recreational fishing could be organized. Seed production by selective breeding is recommended for aquaculture practices in estuarine areas of Tamil Nadu. [Keywords: Estuarine fishes, updated checklist, fishery and conservation status, Tamil Nadu] Introduction significant component of coastal ecosystem due to The total estuarine area of Tamil Nadu their immense biodiversity values in aquatic was estimated to be 56000 ha, which accounts ecology. The fish fauna inhabiting the estuarine 3.88 % of the total estuarine area of India 1. -
Etroplus Suratensis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
Green Chromide Cichlid (Etroplus suratensis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, April 2011 Revised, September 2018 Web Version, 6/5/2019 Photo: P. Corbett. Licensed under CC BY 2.0. Available: https://flic.kr/p/tmiiei. (September 2018). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2018): “Western Indian Ocean: India and Sri Lanka.” 1 From Abraham (2011): “Etroplus suratensis is distributed in the coastal regions of peninsular India and Sri Lanka. In India, the wild populations have been recorded from the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.” Status in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. This species is in trade in the United States. From Imperial Tropicals (2015): “Green Chromide Cichlid (Etroplus suratensis) […] $ 19.99” From Bluegrass Aquatics (2019): “Green Chromide Cichlid – REGULAR $26.98” Means of Introductions in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. 2 Biology and Ecology Taxonomic Hierarchy and Taxonomic Standing From ITIS (2018): “Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Actinopterygii Class Teleostei Superorder Acanthopterygii Order Perciformes Suborder Labroidei Family Cichlidae Genus Etroplus Species Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790)” From Fricke et al. (2018): “Current status: Valid as Etroplus suratensis (Bloch 1790). Cichlidae: Etroplinae.” 2 Size, Weight, and Age Range From Froese and Pauly (2018): “Max length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; [Menon 1999]; common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; [Pethiyagoda 1991]” Environment From Froese and Pauly (2018): “Brackish; benthopelagic; depth range 10 - ? m. -
Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J. -
A New Species of Ponyfish (Teleostei: Leiognathidae: Photoplagios)
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3526, 20 pp., 7 figures, 2 tables September 8, 2006 A New Species of Ponyfish (Teleostei: Leiognathidae: Photoplagios) from Madagascar, with a Phylogeny for Photoplagios and Comments on the Status of Equula lineolata Valenciennes JOHN S. SPARKS ABSTRACT A new species of ponyfish in the genus Photoplagios is described from material collected in coastal waters of northeastern Madagascar. Photoplagios antongil, new species, is distinguished from congeners by the presence of a broad midlateral stripe and two darkly pigmented flank patches located ventral to the lateral midline, which are presumably translucent in life but darkly pigmented in preservative due to a concentration of melanophores. The new species is further distinguished from P. leuciscus, the only externally similar species occurring in the region, by the absence of a large translucent triangular patch on the flanks, a much shorter second dorsal-fin spine, a straight predorsal profile, pigmentation pattern on the upper flanks, absence of black pigment in the pectoral-fin axil, and exposed conical oral dentition in two distinct rows. A phylogeny for Photoplagios is provided based on the simultaneous analysis of anatomical features of the light-organ system and nucleotide characters. The taxonomic statusofEquula lineolata Valenciennes, in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835 is discussed, and the species is herein concluded to be a nomen dubium of uncertain placement beyond the family level. INTRODUCTION olatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier and Valen- ciennes, 1835), P. moretoniensis (Ogilby, Photoplagios Sparks, Dunlap, and Smith, 1912), P. rivulatus (Temminck and Schlegel, 2005 comprises eight species: P. -
Cover (Outside).Qxd
Belg. J. Zool., 132 (1): 17-24 January 2002 On the myology of the cephalic region and pectoral girdle of three ariid species, Arius heudeloti, Genidens genidens and Bagre marinus, and comparison with other catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) Claudia Oliveira, Rui Diogo, Pierre Vandewalle and Michel chardon Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, Bat. B6, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium ABSTRACT. The muscles of the cephalic region and pectoral girdle of Arius heudeloti, Genidens genidens and Bagre marinus are described and compared with those of non-ariid siluriforms. Our observations and compar- isons revealed that, although the configuration of the cephalic and pectoral girdle musculature of these ariid species is basically similar to that of other catfishes, these species present two myological peculiarities that could eventually represent autapomorphic characters of the family Ariidae, namely: 1) the muscle adductor arcus palatini inserts not only on the mesial margin of the suspensorium, but also on a significant part of the lateral surface of this complex structure; 2) the adductor mandibulae Aw is obliquely oriented, with its postero- dorsal fibres being significantly dorsal to the upper edge of the coronoid process. KEY WORDS: Ariidae, Arius heudeloti, autapomorphies, Bagre marinus, catfish, cephalic region, compara- tive morphology, Genidens genidens, myology, pectoral girdle, Siluriformes. INTRODUCTION SRINIVASA, 1989; GAUDANT, 1993; MO, 1991; ARRATIA, 1995; ARRATIA & GAYET, 1995; CIONE et al., 1996; The Siluriformes are “one of the economically impor- LADICH & BASS, 1998; etc.). The Ariidae are found world- tant groups of fresh and brackish water fishes in the wide in tropical and subtropical regions. -
Global Catfish Biodiversity 17
American Fisheries Society Symposium 77:15–37, 2011 © 2011 by the American Fisheries Society Global Catfi sh Biodiversity JONATHAN W. ARMBRUSTER* Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University 331 Funchess, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, USA Abstract.—Catfi shes are a broadly distributed order of freshwater fi shes with 3,407 cur- rently valid species. In this paper, I review the different clades of catfi shes, all catfi sh fami- lies, and provide information on some of the more interesting aspects of catfi sh biology that express the great diversity that is present in the order. I also discuss the results of the widely successful All Catfi sh Species Inventory Project. Introduction proximately 10.8% of all fi shes and 5.5% of all ver- tebrates are catfi shes. Renowned herpetologist and ecologist Archie Carr’s But would every one be able to identify the 1941 parody of dichotomous keys, A Subjective Key loricariid catfi sh Pseudancistrus pectegenitor as a to the Fishes of Alachua County, Florida, begins catfi sh (Figure 2A)? It does not have scales, but it with “Any damn fool knows a catfi sh.” Carr is right does have bony plates. It is very fl at, and its mouth but only in part. Catfi shes (the Siluriformes) occur has long jaws but could not be called large. There is on every continent (even fossils are known from a barbel, but you might not recognize it as one as it Antarctica; Figure 1); and the order is extremely is just a small extension of the lip. There are spines well supported by numerous complex synapomor- at the front of the dorsal and pectoral fi ns, but they phies (shared, derived characteristics; Fink and are not sharp like in the typical catfi sh. -
Multi-Locus Fossil-Calibrated Phylogeny of Atheriniformes (Teleostei, Ovalentaria)
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 86 (2015) 8–23 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Multi-locus fossil-calibrated phylogeny of Atheriniformes (Teleostei, Ovalentaria) Daniela Campanella a, Lily C. Hughes a, Peter J. Unmack b, Devin D. Bloom c, Kyle R. Piller d, ⇑ Guillermo Ortí a, a Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA b Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Australia c Department of Biology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA d Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA article info abstract Article history: Phylogenetic relationships among families within the order Atheriniformes have been difficult to resolve Received 29 December 2014 on the basis of morphological evidence. Molecular studies so far have been fragmentary and based on a Revised 21 February 2015 small number taxa and loci. In this study, we provide a new phylogenetic hypothesis based on sequence Accepted 2 March 2015 data collected for eight molecular markers for a representative sample of 103 atheriniform species, cover- Available online 10 March 2015 ing 2/3 of the genera in this order. The phylogeny is calibrated with six carefully chosen fossil taxa to pro- vide an explicit timeframe for the diversification of this group. Our results support the subdivision of Keywords: Atheriniformes into two suborders (Atherinopsoidei and Atherinoidei), the nesting of Notocheirinae Silverside fishes within Atherinopsidae, and the monophyly of tribe Menidiini, among others. We propose taxonomic Marine to freshwater transitions Marine dispersal changes for Atherinopsoidei, but a few weakly supported nodes in our phylogeny suggests that further Molecular markers study is necessary to support a revised taxonomy of Atherinoidei. -
Abstracts Part 1
375 Poster Session I, Event Center – The Snowbird Center, Friday 26 July 2019 Maria Sabando1, Yannis Papastamatiou1, Guillaume Rieucau2, Darcy Bradley3, Jennifer Caselle3 1Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA, 2Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA, USA, 3University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Reef Shark Behavioral Interactions are Habitat Specific Dominance hierarchies and competitive behaviors have been studied in several species of animals that includes mammals, birds, amphibians, and fish. Competition and distribution model predictions vary based on dominance hierarchies, but most assume differences in dominance are constant across habitats. More recent evidence suggests dominance and competitive advantages may vary based on habitat. We quantified dominance interactions between two species of sharks Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos and Carcharhinus melanopterus, across two different habitats, fore reef and back reef, at a remote Pacific atoll. We used Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) to observe dominance behaviors and quantified the number of aggressive interactions or bites to the BRUVs from either species, both separately and in the presence of one another. Blacktip reef sharks were the most abundant species in either habitat, and there was significant negative correlation between their relative abundance, bites on BRUVs, and the number of grey reef sharks. Although this trend was found in both habitats, the decline in blacktip abundance with grey reef shark presence was far more pronounced in fore reef habitats. We show that the presence of one shark species may limit the feeding opportunities of another, but the extent of this relationship is habitat specific. Future competition models should consider habitat-specific dominance or competitive interactions.