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B Y W L U C Y H E E L E R .

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T A B B Y H R ’ ‘ ARMS 09 T HE MON AS T E RY OF S . PE E R, E C U C H, C HE R I S EY .

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D. W E LL GARDN E R DARTON c o . LT S , , ,

Pat r n s r i ldi n a V r i a t r t W B u s E n d i c t o S e e S . e o te C. 3 , g , , 44, ,

PREFAC E

THE History of Chertsey Abbey is of more than loc al interest . Its foundation carries us back to so remote a

fi x e d period that the date is uncertain . The exact date i i AD 6 66 from n the Chertsey register s . but Reyner,

’ ’

Ca rave s Li e o S . E r ke n wala wi p g f f , ll have this Abbey D 6 0 . to have been founded as early as A. . 3 That Erken wa d u e l , however, was the real fo nder, and before he b came

s Bishop of London , admit of no doubt . Even the time

’ Erke n wald s c ac i i of death is not ertain , some p l ng it n w Hi 6 8 h i e i 6 . s e did 5 , l Stow says he died n 97 sp l n

u i fo ndation lasted for some nine centuries, and n the fo llo wing pages will be found a full history of the Abbey and its rulers and po ssessions unt il its disso lut io n by V Henry I I I .

i c on Change s everywhere, and incessant ; nothing is i stant or stable, except n a greater or less degree ; the Abbeys which in their time played so important a part in the history and development of the country, and as fi refat t .

h s ouses of learning, have all pas ed away, but a study of the history of an important Abbey enables u s to ap p re i ciate the part which these institutions played n the past , and some of the good they achieved, although they were not wholly free from abuses . Much of the stone and other materials of which

Chertsey Abbey was built was , on the demolition of

b ui di b roii ht the Abbey l ng s , g down by water to Wey i bridge, and used n the erection of the Palace of Oat i lands . This noble pile n general appearance much resembled Hampton Court Palace . The two archi

ural - it i t e c t water colour drawings of , made n the reign of Elizabeth, copies of which are now preserved in the

British Museum , give an excellent idea of its extent and style, and of the position and architectural features of the various b uilding s of which the Palace was composed . It ff su ered much during the Rebellion , and nothing now it remains of , except some brick vaulted underground passages and the walls of the outer courtyard , which are i st ll standing and enclose the Oatlands Palace Gardens .

C . SWINFEN EADY .

O L S PA RK AT AND ,

A u ust 1 0 . g , 9 5 AU T H OR’ S PREFAC E

CHERTS EY Abbey is richer in manuscript records than in architectural remains, but much more has been written about the ruined buildings and the fragmentary relics than

u u of the h man lives which gave order, bea ty, and mean ing to the scattered dust ofages . Chertsey may well claim a place among the Historic ” - Towns of England, its charter ante dated even that of

u . the boro gh of Guildford Its history, however, has not yet been written . The present attempt is only an intro

u i duction by an amate r, and it s hoped that a more adequate presentation of its past history may be under taken by a competent writer of interesting items ‘ stores u are locked p in tomes and rolls, and invite the attention of a leisured student .

Little is known of the Chertsey Abbots . The names

—Erk n wal Rut h rw of two are familiar e d and e yk . The principal aim of this book is to bring into greater pro min e n c e the live s and acts of not only these but many ’ x flutbor s fi rt fat r .

others who contributed largely to the development of Chertsey during the nine centuries of its evolution from an island of plantations into one of the most important towns of South England . The writer has been much indebted to the kindness of the Rev . Canon Madge for cordially allowing her freedom of access to the Winchester Cathedral Library . Her

H . . D. grateful thanks are also tendered to the Rev . G

Live in of g ( Winchester) , from whom she has received most valuable help . Members of the Surrey Archaeological Society and other friends have very kindly and spontaneously placed at her service volumes and information which have much lightened her task ; among these she desires to thank

. H especially Mrs Wetton , of Abbey ouse, Chertsey,

E . . Mr . H . L. n Hartley, Esq (Addlestone) , Freema

Mr (Chertsey), and . F Turner (Egham) . For reproduction of illustrations her thanks are due to M W M . L l m r W i . i l e Mr ille n ss (Chertsey) , . C . . S c e

'

Mr i Mr F . A (Weybridge) , . F Ga ger, . . Monk, and

Mr . r Ma shall Walsh (Chertsey) . W L . . LIST OF AB B OTS

A . D.

Erk wald . e n . Bede

694 Sig e b ald . Christian Biography.

o th . art m 7 87 Ce ln o C ularia Sax oni c u .

87 1 ? Hicks .

i . 964 Ordbyh t . Saxon Chron cle i Ai lfri c . ax on c um. 967 . Cart S 1 024

1 034 Siward Luard.

W . a d 0 ln o t h Wlnoth ulfwo ld . n . 1 43 U , , or A S . Chron Charters d 1 085 O o .

1 092 Ralph Flambard (Passe flab e re ) .

1 1 do 00 O (restored) . 1 1 06

’ 1 1 0 u o f S . u 7 H gh ( Swith n s) .

1 1 29 William Charter ( Dugdale) .

- 1 1 40 49 Daniel Tann er . ’ 1 1 0 ? . 5 William of S . Helen s Abingdon Chronicles 1 1 5 2 H ugh (de Puiset 1 1 m 60 cir. Ay er .

1 1 80 B e rt an or Bertr and . 1 1 97 1 207 1 2 2 3 xii { tat of fi bbotfi .

John de Medmenham .

Bartholomew de Winchester .

h r k John de Rut e wy .

John de Benham .

William de Clyve . k John de Us .

lv rdo n Thomas de Cu e .

H n w h John de e rmo de s e rt .

An Thomas g e wyn (resigned) .

l u Wil iam Wro ghton (deprived ) .

An w n Thomas g e y (restored ) .

John May.

Thomas Pyc o t or Pigot .

John Parker .

John Cordrey . C ON TEN T S

’ AUTHOR S PREFAC E LI ST OF ABBOTS o r I LLU STRATION S

I CHAPTER . INTRODUCTORY

CHAPTER II . CHRI STIANITY m ws sss x

CHAPTER I I I .

E RK E N W A L D FOU N DE R O F A BB EY , THE THE

CHAPTER IV . MONA STI C ORGANI SATION S

v CHAPTER . CHERTS EY A BBEY TERRITORY

CHAPTER VI . c o u x c u s AND CHARTERS

CHAPTER VI I . OF THE MITRED ABBOT x iv d ontmtS .

CHAPTER VI I I .

REB U I LDI NG OF THE A B BEY

CHAPTER IX . FA I RS AND PRI VlLEG ES

CHAPTER X . MONASTIC GOLDEN AGE

CHAPTER X I . ACTS o p ABBOT RUT HERW Y K

CHAPTER X I I . DI OC ESAN ORGANI S ATIONS

I I I CHAPTER X . L EG E N D o r THE C U RF EW BE L L

X IV CHAPTER . DI SSOLUTION OF THE A BB EY

N CO CLUSION . THE A B B EY TI LES

APPEN DIX

I NDEX LIST O F I LLU ST RAT ION S

PAG E TRIPTYCH OF 1

S TONE c o r r m s AS FOUN D IN EXCAVATION S UPON THE 5 1m

H ER’ ‘ S EY A B B EY 1 8 OF C I , 55

’ A N N E s H ROMA N W ELL ON 5 . I L L

MAP (A ) O F CHERTS EY MA NOR

MONASTERY DE C HERTS EY E

A BBEY DEM ESN E

F 5 E RKEN W AL S HRINE O . D L LL S TAP E HI , CHOBHAM

A RC H IN AB B EY G ROU N DS

PLAN o r FOUNDATION WA L LS

AN K ERWY KE FU RN IS H

C HOBHAM CHURCH

M AP ( B ) OF CHERTS EY MA N OR

F I S HPOND IN A BBEY ORC HA RD ‘ 1 6 {List of ilHust ration s .

EG HAM GATEWAY

’ N 3 AN N E s I LL TREES O . H

BRASS IN 1 11 0a C H U RC H

HARDW IC K OAK

C U RF EW B ELL l N SC RI PT ION

OLD COTTAGE ON A BBEY G REEN

ENTRANCE TO ABBEY M EA DS C HE RT SEY A B B EY

CHAPTER I

I NTRODUCTORY

HERTS E - ON - H ES C Y T AM , a quiet country town within

s i ea y reach of London , s little known , except for its

u pleasant rural surro ndings > and facilities for boating “ n fi hi a d s n . g As Albert Smith remarked of the town , it ” has outlived its antiquity .

Its generation of to - day have almost forgotten the commercial importance it held up to the latter half of the nineteenth century, and they little realise the proud position it occupied for hundreds of years as the most in flue n t ial centre in Surrey.

Its pre -eminence dated from th e earliest days of its existence its history carries u s back to the seventh

A D century . . , and originated with its Abbey, which , how f ever, has been so e fectually destroyed that, like “ sh fit t in l Eve am , it may g y be spoken of as a vanished ” abbey . 2 fi fi bt rtSt p bb ty .

n The Abbey meadows , and what sca t vestiges still remain to mark the site of the ancient buildings , lie behind the parish church and the two streets that form

- the head of the T shaped town . A narrow alley east of the church gives access to the fou r acres which were covered with a pile of goodly erections in the middle ages stately cloisters , great monastic buildings, includ

— in fir ing refectory, dormitories, chapter house, chapels ,

- - mary, guest house, kitchens all the varied pile which ” used to make up the hive of a great monastery . The remains of the Abbey Green are still discernible , but

u it is s rrounded by buildings, some old, some new and the ancient charm of rusticity is fast disappearing .

Chertsey was one of the greater monasteries , and

n u ranked with those of Readi g , Glastonb ry, and Bury S t .

1 8 Edmunds . In 5 3 it was dissolved , but a temporary provision was made for the monks at Bisham . This

’ favour was possibly due to the Abbot C o rdre y s sym

’ pathy with the King s professed educational schemes , which, however, were not eventually carried out . The Abbey cloisters were made use of some ten years later when the compilers of the Book of Common

u Prayer were meeting , ostensibly at Windsor Castle, b t more frequently at Chertsey as being a convenient centre when the King happened to be at Hampton

Court or Oatlands .

i fi ti 6 filbt rwt p t n g .

ruins is built a fair house, which is now in the possession of Sir Nicholas Carew, Master of the Buckhounds . The town is very low, and the streets are all raised by the ” ruins of the Abbey .

Now, at the beg inning of the twentieth century, the previous low level of the town may be judged of by the ide n t ifie d site of the Chapter House, which occupied in ancient days the highest point of Chertsey . The principal part of the Abbey pavement was here du u fift g p some y years ago, and a few stone remains may still be se en .

The Abbey river winds its course as of old , the

- willows bend over the stream , the mill wheel has, until u u u fi sh q ite recently, continued its seful revol tions , the

u ponds retain their still, cool depths, the face of Nat re is

b ut verdant as ever , except to the few who have ears to “ ” se e s hear and eyes to , the sermons in stone have

u been silent for years pon years . The spirit of slumber seems to settle upon the town , its glories of the past

an d seem forgotten , yet again again a brief period of

is u awakening comes . There m ch in its past history

0 that we may fondly h pe will repeat itself. CHAPTER II

CHR I S TI AN I TY I NTRODUCED I NTO S URREY

RRE h SU Y, w ich formed part of the kingdom of Wessex, was gradually becoming Christianised at the time of the i foundation of Chertsey Abbey . About th rty years previously Wessex had received its first missionary under a combination of interesting circumstances . A generation had had the opportunity of learning from

Augustine and his c o - workers the tenets of the Christian ai f th , but the Pope Honorius was well aware that much

fin din remained to be accomplished , and g that a monk ,

B iri n us , who had been consecrated by the Bishop of

‘ fit t e d an Milan , was to undertake evangelising mission , he sent him forth to preach in Britain to those districts

B irin us lying beyond the English kingdoms . landed , fi exp ecting to nd himself among converts, but discovered

wi sas o f no trace of Christianity . The Ge s ( Wessex) were a h all most pag n folk , t e Mercians were still in heathen “ darkness under their king Penda, the prop and 8 ( Ebt rwt p fi bb t p . mainstay of declining paganism and the ruthless ” destroyer of Christian kings .

B irin u us tho ght it better, therefore, to remain in

s Wes ex, and not leave such stark unbelievers in his ” u C n e ils rear, and he repaired to the co rt of y g at

s H e u Winche ter . came at a favo rable time, for at that

u t o rth umb ria junct re Oswald , the sain ly King of N , came

ils u on a vi sit to Cyn e g to ask for his da ghter in marriage .

u B irin us Oswald f lly approved the enterprise of , glad of

in flue n c e u W his with his fut re ife and then , in consequence of the holy example of Oswald , and the fervent teaching of “ B irin us n e ils , Cy g himself felt a strong drawing to the ” “ ” So faith . he stepped forth into the light and was baptised, and it is of this incident that Dean Kitchin observes : Light comes to Wessex when Christ ’ s Gospel dawns ; B irin us connects the rude Germanic tribesmen

fi rst with the civilised life of Christendom , and with the

’ breath of Christ s religion , like silent strings touched by the wind , history begins to speak in low, mysterious ” tones . During the ensuing twenty years the political ambitions of Penda proved a great stumbling- block to the spread i of Christianity , which , however, was gradually leaven ng the land . His own sons became not only converts, but ardent propagators of the new religion , and Penda

hi s placed no obstacles in their way . This proves that B kin d e mi i F ss N o . y p r o n of Mr . . J . rth W TH E ROMAN E LL.

fi n QE't iStmt t of ti) : 1 1 hostility to the Northumbrian and East Anglian kings was not essentially on religious grounds , but more becau se they thwart ed his schemes of supremacy and his great desire to become Bretwalda.

Pe ada - , his heir, who held the over lordship of the

Middle Angles, was left quite at liberty to introduce into this still pagan district the four missionaries who returned W ith him from Northumbria, and even his marriage with the daughter of Oswy was not objected to .

b ut Penda, in fact, was no foe to monks or missions,

had a great contempt for those who, having become

u Christians , did not bring forth the fr its of faith, saying that they were wretched and despicable who did not ” condescend to obey the God in whom they believed . But probably this was only his attitude towards those

his u w who were s bmissive subjects , other ise it would be diffic ult to reconcile this report of him with that of

- Wh o another writer of the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, says he persecuted them that believed in Christ wherever he ” fou nd them . And when he perished by the waters of ” Win w d u Osw e , that is , in a battle fo ght with y on the “ banks of the Aire, the Saxon proverb had it that the

death of fi ve Christian Kings was thus avenged . This terrible battle led to the almost immediate reception of Christianity throughout the great kingdom

of Mercia. After being for awhile subservient to 1 2 t sz’ fi llin flbn y g .

Northumbria, the sons of Penda restored to their

’ r inheritance its former g eatness . With their father s force of character they blended Christian gentleness and benevolence , and the fact that in a single century England became known to Christendom as a fountain of ” light was largely due to the in flue n c e of two younger — sons of Penda Wulfh e re and Ethelred ; the West of

u f England was more partic larly a fected by Ethelred , the

W r Midlands and South by ulfh e e .

1 4 QEbt t‘ tSt p fi bb t p

fi rst Erke n wald It was its Abbot, , who planned its

u fo ndation , selected the site , and , having inherited

s . great po sessions, endowed it with his own patrimony

Erk e n wald More than all, stamped the monastery with

sain tli the impress of his own high ideals, energy , and ness of character . To his striking individuality much of the subsequ ent fame of Chertsey Abbey is at tri

le b utab . The organising of a monastery in those early times presented a parallel to pioneer missionary work of

- ff to day . After about nine years of such e ort Erken wald became Bishop of London and rendered the fi rst

’ H e 8 Paul s worthy the designation of a Cathedral .

fi tte d was well for his new position , not only, or even c hie fl y, for his powers of organisation , but for making

fi rst o spiritual work his c nsideration . Having realised “ ” u for himself the riches of the heavenly treas re, his one aim was to spread the knowledge , and in com parison of this “ all things worldly and perishing held ” but a subordinate place . “ Ufii n a His family was that of the g , or the East

' A fla U nglian kings descended from O or ffa . The annals of East Anglia have been almost wholly lost,

u conseq ently this early history is very uncertain . One

u a thority, however, speaks of Uffa as the grandfather

Re dwald of , King of East Anglia another places him back fi n QEristmt c of ti) : $ 515 6 1 5

’ Erk e n wal s ages before the Saxon invasion . d home is

Stallin t o n o r said to have been at g ( Stallingborough) , in

i s L ndsey, which was an Ea t Anglian province in the northern part of Lincolnshire, extending to the Humber on the north and the sea on the east . His early training was under distinctly Christian

’ in fl n S . ue c e s. The annals of Paul s mention that it was

first Erke n wald to Mellitus, the Bishop of London , that owed his youthful religious instruction , but this seems scarcely probable, since the death of Mellitus occurred three years before the province of Lindsey became

Erke n wal evangelised , and at that time d could have been little more than an infant . I t was the Northumbrian missionaries under Paulinus

e n who introduced the Gospel into Lindsey, and the t h usiasm of the fi rst converts doubtless contributed to

’ Erk n wal the religious impressions of e d s early years . “ la ” Heaven y about him in his infancy, to judge by the testimony of his biographers to the beauty of his whole life and character, which drew out the ff a ections of all about him .

6 6 u In the year 3 Felix, a Burg ndian , came from the Gallican Church to carry on the mission which Paulinus had begun in Lindsey, and from him and his coadjutors the highest civilisation of the continent and much of its

n Erk w l . e n a d literature became know , occupying as he 1 6 ( Eberwt p fi lmi ng

u did the position of a chief or prince, would gain the f ll

H e b e n e fit of these advantages of culture . is introduced to us in the character of a devoted brother . His sister [Ethelburga had with himself embraced the Christian

u . tenets with all the fervo r of a pure, unworldly nature

’ Her portraiture suggests to us Tennyson s sweet nun sister of Percivale with “ eyes beautiful in the light of ” holiness , whose early maidenhood had glowed with a

fervent flame of human love . Whether in like manner

’ [Eth e lb urg as love had been rudely blunted by discover ing the unworthiness of the object of her affections we are not clearly told , but in order to avoid marriage she

’ fle d from her father s house . Between herself and

Erke n wald c o n fide n c there existed a rare e and sympathy, and from that time at least he would seem to have held

fi rst the place in her heart, and richly to have deserved it first fi n . His care was to d her not only a safe refuge

but an independent home, and at Barking, in Essex, eight

B e re c in a B e rkin a miles from London , then called g or g ,

o ut he built of his own patrimony a Benedictine house,

which he made over to her . [Ethelburga found her vocation . She is described as having been endued with a heavenly wisdom , her manners and conversation radi nt

c on se with holiness , and her whole life unreservedly

crated to God, whom in all things she sought to please .

Erke n wald helped his sister to organise her nunnery, m 1 fi n QBriSt ce of ti) : fi um. 7

n a Hilde litha and se t over to France for a cert in , who responded to his invitation and c o - operated so cordially with [Ethelburga that Barking became renowned as a model community . The Whitby foundation of S . Hilda gives us an idea of the general order and plan of these

o ur establishments, which correspond more closely to idea of a modern hostel or an industrial college than to

u a convent of the mediaeval ascetic type . Ed cation in all womanly duties was combined with religious teaching and regular hours for devotional exercises and public

Hilde litha worship . imported the best methods of the [ more advanced culture of France and Italy, and Ethel burga ruled with such gentle wisdom as to win a reputa tion as the revered parent of a devoted and well- regulated — “ ” sisterhood a divina familia . In those early times the renunciation of the world did not mean ignoring [ family ties , and Ethelburga was privileged to win her father to the true faith . The mention of this fact suggests the idea that it was a pagan marriage she was expected to contract . Having satisfactorily established

Erke n wald his sister as Abbess of Barking, turned his fi attention to his own foundations . We n d that at

Barking there was also a monastery of monks, ruled by

ZEth e lb ur a r g , on the same site as the nunne y, but with a s eparate area for the monks , and a separate chapel or oratory . 1 8 ( ' t g t Ebt t t fi p bb p .

’ Erke n wald s boundless energy sought out a part of the

u e fio r t co ntry as yet untouched by Christian . Within

’ “ abou t thirty miles of his sister s abode lay the Isle of

C e oro t e c hie fl , then but sparsely inhabit d, and y famed for its flo urishin g plantations and excellent wears for f ” taking ish along the Thames and the Wey . Here “ Erk e n wald established the fi rst religious house in the ” u u Co nty of S rrey, which developed into the important

fo u n da and renowned Abbey of Chertsey . These ” a tions, writes De n Milman , as the religion aspired to

soften the habits, might seem to pacify the face of the

land . They were commonly placed, by some intuitive

yearning after repose and security, in spots either them

u u th e selves beautif l by nat re , by the banks of river, in

the depths of the romantic woods , under the shadow of

the protecting hill , or in such as became beautiful from

e u the sup rior care and cult re of the monks, the draining

of the meadows , the planting of trees, the home circle of

garden or orchard , which employed or delighted the ” n brotherhood . All these conditions were ma ifest in

’ rk w l H e E e n a d s choice of his new site . had to apply to

- the over lord to secure possession of the land, and at this

A D 666 r time , . . , Egbert of Kent , a great g andson of Ethel

bert, was not only reigning over his inherited territory, but was also holding the petty princedom of Surrey under

- - in Wulih e re . his brother law, of Mercia This son of

2 f i t rtst fi e 2 ilb y bb p . greatly increased and extended on the south and east to

n Chobham , Woodham , and Crockford . It is interesti g to fi n d these names to have existed in almost identical

fir form for years . The st buildings on this wooded island were undoubtedly of the primitive type—a wattle

erection of osiers interwoven between posts, plastered

over with mud, and thatched with reeds ; while for the church the wood work would be of a more substantial

character, planks of oak or the best substitute growing

in the locality . The Lindisfarne type is described by

Bede as split timbers covered with various materials .

u The b ildings of this period comprised a chapel, a

dwelling for the Abbot and his monks , another for the

- entertainment of strangers , an eating room and a kitchen , all arranged round a green court this group of cloister

buildings was enclosed by a rampart, and outside this

was a byre for the cows, a barn and storehouse for grain ,

u u and other o tb ildings . The first Abbey of Erke n wald was only a temporary

u str cture, for nine years later a Chronicler records the ” C e ro t e se i buildings of the monastery of , and by a com

parison of data, this was presumably a stone building . CHAPTER IV

M ONA STI C ORGA N I S AT I ONS

I N 6 Erke n wald o r Earc o n wald this year, 7 5 , ( ) was con se c rat e d Bishop of London by the great organiser of the

u . English Ch rch , the Archbishop Theodore Civilisation had made rapid strides during that decade . With all the characteristic simplicity and frugality of the monas t e rie s of that age no trouble or expense was Spared in introducing from the Continent the latest inventions and

B i c s . s o development in art and science Benedict p , the

We armo uth s founder of the Jarrow and monasteries, seem in his activities to have been so mu ch a counterpart of

n wald b Erke , that what is written y Bede of the one might equally be read of the other . A nobleman by birth , unwearied in the pursuit of knowledge and in ameliorating the condition of his cou ntry ; he travelled into other cou n tries in order to accomplish his benevolent intentions and introduced into our Island not only foreign literature but arts hitherto unkn own in Britain . 2 i a Sflbht 4 ( lbert t y y .

H e was the fi rst who brought masons and glaziers home with him, having need of their services in the noble

H e buildings which he erected . bent all his energies to render his monastery the best that gold and skill could

u u produce, and in his journeyings made inq iries in Ga l for a mason who could build him a church of stone after ” “ h e the Roman style . Later sent messengers to Gaul to bring over glassmakers (a kind of workman hitherto ” z u unknown in Britain) to gla e the windows of the ch rch . Erk e n wald was not as great a traveller as B isc 0p and

Wilfrid, but one journey to Rome was undertaken by

’ B isc 0 s fifth him about the same date as p and last, with the same object in view . We have seen that he knew where to send in order to get instruction for his sister in

the best methods of organisation and education , and

n he was personally know to Wilfrid, who . was no less famous than B isc 0p for advancing the culture of the

’ u ro gher Saxons . The annals of S . Paul s suggest that Erk e n wald kept himself in touch with the newest ideas and achievements he was a most generous benefactor to a his diocese , which had not till then t ken its subsequent

u rank in the Southern Province as next to Canterb ry . After the first success which had attended the eff orts

of Mellitus in the conversion of Sebert, King of the East

’

S . u Saxons, and the foundations of Pa l s Cathedral ,

darkness settled again on the See of London , only to be ” J . Wi llmt '

M ONAS T ERY DE CHE RTESEY E .

fi st c B 2 n QEri mt of the i ast . 7

u broken by the fourth successor of Mellitus , the famo s

H o u t Erk e n wald. e S . stands as a prelate whose legendary life teems with records of his mun ific e n c e in

’ u s raising and adorning the ch rch of S . Paul with

’ S plendou r rare in those days . No remains are left by which to j udge of the architectural style and details of

’ either thi s fi rst S . Paul s or of the contemporary monastery of Chertsey, but work of that age is still in

x n e iste ce at Jarrow and Monkwearmouth, which , as the

us u u historian Freeman assures , is ndo btedly the work

B isc o un of Benedict p , and as such would show mi stakably what was also the style of the stone churches k al ’ ’ erected u nder Er e n w d s auspices . Freeman s com parison of the work of this age with that of the time of “ At the Norman conquest is worth quoting . Jarrow there are two dates of work which we must call primitive

u Romanesq e, the earlier, as I see no reason to doubt,

. it s belongs to the age of Benedict In the church , with

’ u I windows so utterly nlike anything of William s age , have no doubt we see the building which Benedict raised and in which Bede worshipped . No spot in a Brit in is more venerable than this, the cradle of English history and it adds to its interest when we see the work of the earliest days of English Christianity and of English art brought into close connection with the work of ” 0 English saints of 4 0 years earlier . 2 8 fi er t fi mi b st y l n g .

: “ And again The age of Bede in Northumberland , the age of Aldhelm in Wessex, was no less a church building age than any of those later ages of which we have greater remain s . As it is we have enough left to at once bear witness to the state of art in those days, and to serve as living memorials of the saint of Jarrow and of B the saint of Sherborne . y the banks of the Wear and

B isc 0 the Don , Benedict p by the aid of workmen from Gaul reared churches where Bede worshipped and which

Ealdwin e repaired, and where the havoc of the ninth century and the renovations of the eleventh have still left no small portions of the venerable work of the seventh . At We armouth the upper part of the tower is not only primitive (Roman esque) but clearly earlier than the restoration by Ealdwin e . It is raised on a porch evidently older than itself and showing signs of the very earliest date . There we plainly have a piece of the work of the ” seventh century .

' 3 0 QEbtrtmy ab b ey

’ q uite feasible that on Erke n wald s promotion to the See of London he should have left the oversight of his Surrey a Sub — u l nds and monastery to the reg lus , who evidently took a keen interest in their well - being and contributed

u largely to their prosperity . A peramb lation of th e boundaries seems to have been instituted from these

u early times , and to have been contin ed henceforth at certain intervals . The landmarks de fin e d are deservedly designated as

’ u u very c rio s . They are recorded at the conclu sion o f “ ” c o n firmatio n this of lands, and also of one of the ” time of the wise King Alfred . The mouth of the Wey “ n - Waie Waie b rid e is the starti g point from the to g , to

- An - the Mill Eel ditch . eel pond still exists near the canal which connects the burns round Crockford and w w N e ha .

s r as This eems to be the general di ection indicated, succeeding landmarks are The military street to Wobu rn Bridge along the bu rn (Bourne) to the pool

t o above Crockford , past the elder to the military street ” c urte n stap le to the hoar thorn (o r the old spinney

- according to one translation) , to the holm oak and

— Sih t ran t o the three hills to the , to the limitary brook,

Ex lae e sb urn the p , to the hoar maple and the three trees ,

- a along the deep brook to the wall g te, to the clear pond and the foul brook— from the black willow to the Wall ' g it QErt stmt e of ti) : 3 1 gate and along the Thames to the other part of a ” Mix t e n h m. Then the middle of the river forms the “ limit between the hill island and Mix te n ham and along the water to nettle island , along the Thames to ” Ox lake and the isle of Burgh . This latter is the piece of land between Laleham Ferry and what is known as “ u the B rgh Bridge, encircled by a streamlet of the Abbey ” ~ flows o fi fin ds River, which near Penton Hook and its way back to Father Thames by the Abbey mill stream n ear Chertsey Weir . From Laleham the course of the river boundary is unbroken to the Isle of Ham at the

u . mouth of the Wey, which completes the circ it The present Ham Farm is scarcely regarded as being situated : on an island it may be possible, however, to trace its in sulat o r y streams, for although the Guildford and

s i Ba ingstoke Canal, wh ch cuts the east side of Ham

1 6 0 u Moor, has only been in existence since 5 , do btless it has taken the place of watercourses which diminished with the lapse of time . Besides the Chertsey territory thu s de fin e d Frithwald u , the grant of f rther enumerates the

s an d limit of Egham Chobham , equally curious and

ide n t ific atio n few easy of , pools , brooks , hedges and ditches being scarcely likely to occupy the same position

. Fri h after the lapse of a thousand years One name, t e s

’ rithwald s brook, suggests the locality of F residence,

- a- which seems to have borne the name of Fulling ditch , PAG E F ROM THE CHERTS EY CHARTU LARY IN THE RECORD OFF S G S F izOM X ICE , HOWIN TRAN CRIPT THE E CHEQ UER G PLAN OF S OF LEI ER , WITH A THE SITE AND DEME NE A E CHERTS EY BB Y .

— - : Dated Thirty second year of the reign of Henry VI 1 454 .

A Villa o f Lale ham.

B Rive r Thame s .

C bbe Ri e flo win f rom Pe n on H ook . A y v r, g t

D M e adow of Ste rt .

w e h am E M e ado o f M ix t n .

Lale ham B ur way .

e G Osi r be ds.

’

H B o o B urwa c a e d Lo klak e . r y , ll

I Th e g r e at B arway B ar n .

J Th e M o naste ry Ch urc h .

e i - a e K Th M ll l n .

L Th e R e de wy n d Caus e way .

- w M Th e M ill me ado .

Z Th e Ox lak e M ill .

O Th e Ox lak e M e ado w .

- ’U Th e B os ait .

am O Bridg e o ve r t h e Th e s. ' - ’ ‘ PLA N OF TH E S i r rt AN D DEM ES N E o r C HE R I S E Y A B B EY .

fi n QEristmt t of the 3 5 and was probably a moated grange near the Thames at

Frit hwald Erke n wald Egham . and seem to have worked cordially together in duly cultivating the utmost resources of this area, which in many parts near the

l - land Th river was fittin g y described as bog . e ordinary l routine of country life doubtless afforded a welcome re laxation from the graver duties of monastic,educational , and missionary pursuits . Brothers and abbot alike took

n part in whatever occupations were going o . The ground d had to be cleare , ploughed, and sown , rough, simple .

- buildings , barns, and water mills constructed, plantations

f B iSCO tended . O the Abbot p we read that he delighted it in winnowing the corn and threshing , in giving milk to i l the lambs and cows , and even busy ng himse f in the

- b ake house, in the garden , in the kitchen , and in the A o ther employments of the monastery . s regards

’ n wald s i u i in Erke sp rit al ministrat ons, addition to making due provision for the serving of the monastic chapels s of Chertsey and Barking by its prior , and of his

flo c k cathedral by his canons , he had a scattered to tend h h in Chertsey, Thorpe, Egham and C ob am, and these were supplemented by some others near the port of “ London He was wont to preach in the Wi ld forests his ” we that lay around cathedral city, and may conclude h that he had begun t e practice among the plantations,

n h his rr r . spin eys, and sandy eaths of Su ey ter itory

D 2 2 3 6 t zrtfiep fi bb ey

Possibly he was accompanied by Frithwald in the same way as Aidan and Oswald travelled on foot in their

evangelising tours through Northumbria, suggesting to Bede the models of a primitive bishop and a Christian king .

’ Erke n wald s conveyance in the days of in firmity and

- illness was a horse litter or two wheeled cart, and a legend cu riously characteristic of the pious Bishop and of his time is told of in his Biography . He was being drawn along a rough b y - path to one of his preaching places when one of the two wheels of his vehicle came o ff , and then the balance was miraculously sustained by d the remaining wheel , to the end that the holy man shoul not be interrupted or dishonoured in his holy work . ’ m Bede s iracles are quite explainable, and no doubt a little human assistance may have accentuated the impetus . that did not fail immediately the wheel and axle parted .

Another incident of a similar character is told , how that a raging torrent lay between them and their destination

ro it was impossible to c ss, neither man nor beast dared attempt to stand against the mighty, rushing stream .

n al But Erk e w d bade them advance, and no sooner did his litter touch the waters than they immediately moder ated their violence and became smooth and calm, so that a all were able to cross ins fety . A historian remarks that such beliefs could not have sprung up if Erke n wald h ad

3 8 flbn tst p fi bb t p .

u bier and were bearing it off in tri mph to the city .

u The Monks of Chertsey, and the N ns of Barking fol a lowed in tears , protesting ag inst the unholy violence and appealing to heaven in favour of their undoubted

u claims to the inestimable treas re . He was our

’ o Abbot, cried the Chertsey Monks ; but the L ndoners responded We will g o through an armed host we will besiege strong cities ere we lose our p atron . A terrible tempest came o n . The river Lea was swollen t o

was a great height and arrested the procession . There h . t e neither boat nor barge The canons , the monks ,

n priests , and the nuns saw the manifest ha d of God in the flo o d . Each party pleaded its cause with the utmost

B u eloquence . t a pious man addressed the contending disputants , exhorting them to peace, and to leave the

t o debate to the Divine decision . The clergy began intone the Litany . The Lea, like the Jordan of old , began to shrink within its banks . The cavalcade crossed

o ut to Stratford . In that pleasant place the sun shone with all its brightness, and the remains of the Bishop

‘ passed on in triumph to the Cathedral . There he was buried in the presence of a great crowd of citizens inside

H e the church, and a noble shrine was erected . was canonised , and a short biography was hung on the wall

in b e n e fit s h e near his shrine, recognition of the great

’ had secured to their city and diocese . TH E S HRI N E O F S . E RK E NW A LD.

1 fi n QEristmt e of the fiast . 4

Bishop Browne speaks of his being recognised as the real beginner of diocesan life in London . Another writer says : His real fame must rest on the fact that under the guidance and advice of Theodore he deve loped the condition of his great and in flue n tial diocese from the missionary stage in which Ce adda left it to the full - grown state in which it became a well- organised ” He c . hurch received all the honours due to a founder, an d down to the time of the Reformation generations worshipped at his shrine in devout and prodigal faith .

A succession of miracles were recorded, and his post humous fame, bearing no proportion to the known e vents of his history, shows that his whole life and c haracter impressed his generation more than any single

ac t i . or tra t His halo lingered not only round S .

’ Paul s , but invested both his monasteries . Chertsey “ ” Go dde le ranked as the centre of the y Hundred , the

’ u h ndred of God s ley or meadow, a settlement of holy fame and of the best discipline while Barking was reputed the most ancient and venerable nunnery in ” ” England, the home of many saints . Bede, who was most careful to verify the facts of his ecclesiastical his

’ Erke n wald s tory, speaks of sanctity in the very highest terms The history of London during the Anglo - Saxon period is very obscure , but so much renown clustered round t h e memory of Erke n wald that the continuity of 4 2 QIIJt rtSt y fi llin g

his cultus and the permanence of the work ascribed to ” u him tell more than the most min te biography . The

’ u cathedral statutes of S . Pa l s preserve the record of

Erk n wal S . e d their festival days , and those dedicated to

’ o th rank among the most important saints days . April 3 and November 1 3 th were observed respectively as the

Erk n w l n S . e a d feast and the tra slation of , and his shrine

became the repository of costly offerings . It escaped

’ 1 0 destruction when in 8 7 S . Paul s was practically con

u fi re u s med by a that raged thro gh the city, and when the cathedral was rebuilt the following year, Bishop Maurice most carefully preserved the precious remains

fi rst of the Bishop . The shrine was deposited in the crypt sixty years later it was given a place of greater honour in a niche above the high altar of the cathedral .

An t u antiphon , found in the Sa rn Missal, apostrophises “ Erke n wald the saint as blessed Father , the light of London H e was looked upon as an apostle who had been the channel of evangelising the district , and , there fore, was regarded as little inferior to the Apostles Peter

u o and Paul, thro gh whom the light of the G spel had ” been caused to shine throughout the world . In the fou rteenth centu ry his memory was still honoured . Bishop Braybrooke, a contemporary of

W c lifie n y , kept alive the a cient veneration of S . Erken wald ; a religious guild was founded, and his feast days fi n QEristmc e of the fi ast . 4 3

were decreed to be kept in the same manner as Sundays , ” Sic ut Do min ic um sacrum diem , with special services

’ Erke n wald s for those occasions . Another testimony to great renown is incidentally afforded by the succeeding

Abbot of Chertsey. The half centu ry following the death of Erke n wald continued to be a period of great development and mis sio n ar y exertion , in which Daniel , the Bishop of Win

Si e b ald chester, took a noble part . The Abbot g was in

b e S . correspondence with Boniface, whom he desired to i allowed to regard as his patron equally w th his Diocesan ,

Bishop Daniel, and pledged himself to include in his.

rk n w E e ald . prayers the names of S . Boniface and S .

It is not only as a saint that Erk e n wald became famou s .

H e l possessed all the elements of true greatness , di igently i cultivat ng all his powers, physical and mental as well as

h u fi i t spiritual . T s we n d h s practical wisdom was e cognised and his advice sought by the greatest men o f his age .

The first code of the Anglo- Saxon laws was compiled by Ini , King of Wessex, but in his great task he was fain

c o - Erk e n wald I to seek the operation of . n his preface

i 6 0 to their promulgat on , 9 , he acknowledges this , stating

Erke n wald that he was legislating with the counsel of ,

u his Bishop . The Archbishop Theodore val ed the rare

t o qualities of the Bishop of London , and was glad _ 44 «Ehmscp abb ey

' avail himself of his gentle tact in settling his difle re n c es

Erk n wal with Wilfrid of York . e d had probably met

l in with Wi frid the earlier days of his abbacy, when , on

Wulfh e re h the invitation of , Wilfrid ad utilised his leisure by helping to extend Christianity in Mercia, and had also given assistance in the diocese of Canterbury before

Theodore had arrived in England . During the twenty years that had since elapsed there had been a consider

hi s able amount of friction between Wilfrid and primate, and the past five years had been an especial period of i misunderstand ng and hostility .

Now, in the calm of old age, Theodore was able to judge more dispassionately, and felt he had used severity when a sweet reasonableness ” would have been more

‘ l fl t ual e e c . Theodore therefore consulted with Erken wald, and the result was a meeting between the three

’ Erke n wald s L prelates at house in ondon , where a com

le t e p reconciliation took place . A charter of about this date is especially interesting

( e as being pronounced undoubt dly genuine, and con taining amongst the signatures those of King S e b b i and

Hodilre d o f his son ( the East Saxons) , Bishop Erken w ald and Bishop Wilfrid . This charter is wri tten in lar c harac t e r s g e , and ranks among the earliest records of

’ its time . The period of Erke n wald s episcopate wit messed a great improvement in the musical ser vices of

C HAPTER VI

COUNC I LS A ND CHA RTERS

R FO two centuries following the death of S . Erken wald little can be gleaned of the history of the Chertsey community . The general tendency of that age was to wards laxity in spiritual things , and the indulgence of n bodily appetites . This was not surprising, si ce the

Anglo- Saxons were not a highly - strung or intellectual

un re fin e d in race , but on the contrary inherited coarse, i st n c t s. They had proved that with an inspiring leader

they could rise to an appreciation of goodness, devotion , and spirituality, and could embrace with enthusiasm the

Christianity which inculcated the higher virtues . But,

once settled into a routine, consisting mainly of rough

agricultural tasks , and the providing for material needs , l the missionary spirit died out, the natura bent began to

u h show itself, and the barbarian b rst t rough the web h ” At w ich Christianity had woven round him . the two

h love sh o o councils held during the eig th century, C 7 4 7 e ast fi n QErist en t e of th £ . 4 7

8 and the Legatine Council 7 7 , the reforms shown to be necessary were not of the same nature as in Southern and Eastern lands, that is , concerning doctrinal heresies , but were with regard to the lowering of the moral tone .

A Ac le ath local council was held at (Ockley, Surrey)

' Ofla r under the presidency of of Me cia, in which the i Chertsey Abbey lands , v llages and possessions were h “ ln A. D. 8 e o ot . secured to the Abbot C , 7 7 The woods , ” s e c ific all meadows , rivers and ponds p y mentioned in

rk w l the gr ants of Frithwald and E e n a d are include d . A

0651 de fin e s b later Charter of a grant made y him, in the

Woc c in as n year 7 94 , to the church of g (Woki g) . When the whole country had become united under the rule of one king, Egbert, it was necessary to again survey

fi n these possessions , and accordingly we d them con

firme d in 8 2 7 . Subsequently the peaceful tenor of monastic life was much disturbe d by incursions of the

8 1 Danes , and about 7 the Chertsey settlement was

fir attacked and e d . The damage thus caused would

re c t ifie d seem to have been by King Alfred , who granted

c o n firmat or 88 h a y Charter of the date 9, in whic the “ ” e boundaries of the Abbey, having been perambulat d , were de fin e d in terms similar to those of the original grant of the seventh century . Again , after the lapse of fift y years , a Grant of King Athelstan gives a recapitula h tion of the territories , w ich had become considerably 8 se fi b e 4 flhert y b y .

u n increased , the array of names incl di g Epsom , Book

an d ham , Cheam , Chaldon, Gatton , Merstham , Tooting “ Streatham . This charter was drawn up at the royal town , ” in called in English, K gston , and the signatures are those ” t o ti us B ritan n iae of the King, Athelstan , rex , the Sub

Huth ol Wulstan Y regulus , the Archbishop of ork, the

Elure d o n e Bishop , and Odda, who seems to have been

’ of the king s attendants . His name appears frequently

on contemporary charters , and his designation is that of ” Minister .

The typical form in which the Anglo - Saxon charters

were drawn up is worthy of notice . The introduction H To im that reigneth for ever, our Lord and Saviour, is followed by a re fle c tion upo n the transitory nature of

n n firma i earthly thi gs, and the Grant or C o t o n of posses sions usually Concludes with an an athema upon any wh o may seek to di sestablish these endowments . At intervals during the ninth century many depreda

“ b th e tions were committed y the Danes, and one of

H e Chertsey abbots fell a victim . is thus commemorated in the Chronicle of the English Saints : “ Here resteth

B e oc c a Eth o r - t h e Saint , Abbot, and , the mass priest, in minster of Chertsey islan d . Having been murdered by

B e oc c a r the Danes, and his monks were evidently e

. H i garded as martyrs The yde Reg ster, which was com

1 0 1 6 ia - piled about , records the bur l places of the saints ,

o 1 fi n QErist eit t e f the $ast . 5

u l u and incl des among these A ban , Col mba, Oswald ,

C e adda G Erke n wald E Wilfrid, , edd, , thelburga, Bene

B isc 0 Hic k e s u dict p , with many others . s pplements his mention of the attack w ith stating : Nin e ty monks also ” - were slain by the heathen men . The results of this raid were apparent in the reign of

Edgar when the minster- fabric was fou nd to be in

ut e ffe c u rgent need of restoration . This was carried o

t ive l f Eth e lwold y by , Bishop of Winchester, who also reorganised the due order of services and insisted upon

the observance of the monastic regulations . The laxity

of the times had engendered grave corruptions . It was

now four hundred years since, as the Saxon chronicle it “ S . quaintly expresses , the blessed Abbot Benedict, ” after shining in this world, went to Heaven . His rule, “ ” broad and elastic as it was, had become utterly

neglected by great numbers of the monastic clergy, who were contented to observe only their ordination

vo w , and to ignore the higher call to a celibate life and A the observance of the canonical hours . strict reforma

u r tion was ina gurated by the Primate Odo, unde Edwy, and continu ed wi th more moderation by Dunstan but [Et h e lwold insisted upon the most stringent observance

of the Benedictine rule, expelled the secular clergy (with

fille d their families) from the monasteries, and up vacan

cies with monks from his former abbey of Abingdon .

E 2 2 t e g b e 5 fllher tS p h p .

Chertsey was treated in this manner . Thirteen monks were introduced from Abingdon , and one of the number, “ ” rdb r h t . O y , was selected to be Abbot over the rest

’ [Eth e lwold s zeal was not c o n fin e d to the spiritual welfare of his diocese he restored many churches that had been partially destroyed , amongst them those of

Chertsey, Abingdon , Ely, Peterborough and Thorney . Full and quiet possession of the Abbey ” having been

u C o n firmat ion sec red, a of lands by King Edgar speci

fi e d o r the number of mansas ( estates) included, and gave back to Chertsey “ twenty mansas in Molesey which Edwy had unjustly diverted to the Old Mon i ’ aste r S . b ut y ( Sw thun s, Winchester) , which Edgar and ZEth e lwold felt justifie d in restoring to their rig hful

- . j Elfric ownership This Charter bears the signature of ,

rdb r h t Abbot, which points to the abbacy of O y as having lasted only three years .

54 «I hertSep g fib t p

The records of this period tell little of the internal

u history of the monastic ho ses, and we have no certain knowledge of the Chertsey abbots Daniel ” is men

ion e d 1 0 2 . t in 4 , in a Charter of Pope John XIX , enu merating the privileges c o n firme d to the Abbot “ H e of Chertsey . was followed by Siward , who

was afterwards consecrated Bishop of Rochester . The

1 0 8 c o n flic t s i v e rifi d date given , 5 , w th other fully e asser tions ; and a comparison of these may illustrate the

method of arriving at conclusions .

Dugdale, whose list of abbots is fairly exhaustive , is altogether silent about Siward Luard includes him

with the Chertsey abbots , but only gives the informa tion that he was thence promoted to the bishopric of

Rochester . The Saxon Chronicle says that it was

' ’ Abzn aon Siward, Abbot of g , who received this promotion .

’ 1 0 8 Godwin gives the date as 5 , at which time Chertsey s

’ abbot was in the midst of his forty year s reign .

But here the Abingdon annals come to the rescue , mentioning Siward in 1 0 34 and placing the date of his death as 1 044 and the Saxon Chronicle gives t h e

r i u 1 0 o e v o s . year, 4 3 , for his consecration Wharton is t h e Clze r tse authority for his holding the y abbacy, which he could qu ite well have done befor e 1 04 3 but Dug dale’ s account of the Bishop of Rochester would make u s quite willing (like Dugdale himself) to ignore him g it QEriSt eme of the 5 5

as Abbot of Chertsey . Siward had been a monk of

Glastonbury, and had acted for some time as Vicar to H the Archbishop of Canterbury . e was strongly sus p e c t e d of peculation and misapplying the Cathedral

u reven es , so that, when , on the death of the Arch bishop, he hoped to have been promoted to the primacy,

waS ' mad a long delay ensued, and a compromise e b y givin g him the See of Rochester . With the reign of Edward the Confessor we get much fuller insight into the status of Chertsey among the

u townships of S rrey, and the importance with which the King regarded it was manifested by his committin g the jurisdiction of the whole H undred of which Chertsey was the centre to the Abbot and Convent . This

“ ” “ ’ Hundred was named by him Go dde le y or God s ” u pasture, presumably beca se of its administration being in the hands of a spiritual baron .

Wulfwold Wulfn o th The Abbot at this time was , or , the a recurrence of sometimes one n me , sometimes the other, having given rise to conjectures that they represent two abbots , but sifting the evidence leads to the conclusion that Wulfwold held his abbacy for a period of over forty years . His name appears in several Charters ; the Abbey territories were c on firme d by Edward in 1 0 4 3 to

Wul wold f , Abbot of Chertsey, not, as is more frequent, e 5 6 Gherwep g bb y .

“ simply to the Abbey and Convent . Its immediate

in surroundings had evidently grown into a town , and addition to previous possessions there are mentioned “ u twenty acres of past re at Cookham , the Woods of

Hal wik Lidle e e and g , and the village and church of ” White Waltham, Berkshire . The Foundation Charter of Westminster Abbey has ” fi n e u h a array of signat res , and after t ose of its Royal

u Fo nder, of the Archbishops and principal Bishops , come those of the most important Abbots, among whom

Wulfwold takes a prominent place . Another parchment bears his name as a witness to the transfer of Claygate with all its appurtenances to thi s newly- founded Abbey

’

S . . of Peter s , Westminster A photograph of a fragment of this document may be

- M seen among the Anglo Saxon SS . shown in the

Winchester Cathedral Library . Wulfwold was one of the very few Saxons who continued to hold his offic e through the troublous period

u hi m of the Norman Conq est, and to have commended

b ut self not only to the saintly Confessor, to the stern ,

V u igorous , exacting Conq eror, who was expected to reward his Norman supporters by gifts of lands and

Abbeys . This speaks much for the sterling character

W fw l H e of ul o d. was probably among those who made formal submission to the Conqueror after he had ARCH m A B B EY GROUN DS .

fi n ( Existen ce of the 5 9, devastated the country south of the Thames in his cir cuiton s journey to London after Hastings .

Wulstan , Bishop of Worcester, was among the embassy who waited upon William in London , and the

’ W l n Abbot of Chertsey was among u sta s confederates .

Wulfwold was evidently the first of the Mitred Abbots .

u of Chertsey, and although for some reason this spirit al “ barony, with its rights of sac , soc, toll, team and ” in fan e n e g , did not carry with it a seat in Parliament , yet we fi n d that Wulfwo ld was not unknown as an . adviser or mediator to whom the Conqueror had

u reco rse , as , for example, in the tranquillising and settle ment of the Fen country discontents . The liberties of the Ely monastery were endangered b y the rebellion of

Edwin and Morcar, the Abbot being suspected of encouragement to, or complicity with, their schemes , and in the fi n al settlement of 108 0 we h n d Wulfwold of Chertsey acting in the Court of fi ve Barons convened for that purpose . No writs summoning members to Parliament are found addressed to the Abbot of Chertsey . At one particular epoch, when a tolerably exhaustive list was preserved , the absence of the name of the

Chertsey Abbot seems conclusive .

Wulfwold 1 0 8 was; The death of occurred in 4 , and

sufii c ie n t considered, as Freeman observes, of import 6 0 (Ethertsey fi hb ep

n ance to be inserte d in the national Chronicles . O e of these notices is thus quain tly worded : This year forth

Wulfwo ld C e ort e se e 1 fared , Abbot of g on the 3th day of ” the Kalends of May . Wulfwold had be en a member of a spiritual con

Wulstan federation organised by , Bishop of Worcester, which sheds some light upon t h e internal organisations of church and monasteries . This was a bond of brotherhood for mutual spiritual help “ that the mem bers might enjoy the enhanced b e n e fit s of united

s prayer and advice, possessed hitherto by each exclu ” ive l s y , and the formula premised that they be all in unity and love towards God and the world and ” as though they were of one heart and mind . This “ fraternisation ” included the monks of Wor c e st e r and the monks of six other houses 5 another was established between D urham Cathedral and Chertsey Abbey and in the next century we fin d that a very com

’

S . prehensive confederation originated with Swithun s ,

Winchester, and embraced houses as far removed from each other as Canterbury , Reading , Gloucester, Peter borough , Glastonbury, Malmesbury, Chertsey, West i ’ S . . A m nster, Bury Edmund s , and Bec in Normandy constant intercourse was established between monas t e rie s thus united, and notices of the death of any mem ber was in this way transmitted throughout the circuit .

'6 2 ‘ e g «Eht t t S p hhey . nominal Abbot and appropriated the rich p ro fit s of the

so in extensive Chertsey possessions . Not only , but the

1 0 2 same year ( 9 ) he was made Bishop of Lincoln , and a

s few months later Abbot of Hyde , Winchester . The e and other ecclesiastical fie fs which fell into his hands “ ” were e x p oliate d by him and their property admin is “ t e re d in a manner contrary to the terms in which the ” H e ndowments of the Church had been granted . e c ommitted such enormities that on the accession of Henry I “ upon the common demand of the whole n ation , he was deprived and imprisoned . His character

u Malm s was too nmistakably notorious . William of e “ ” — bury described him as the dregs of wickedness a man than whom none was more subtle in evil , and so detested , that the poor would choose death rather than fall into his power. Nevertheless , he escaped from

r st the Tower, in which he was the fi prisoner, and con t riv e d to make his peace with Henry and to hold the

- e piscopate of Durham for the next twenty eight years . Odo had undou btedly realised his grave error in

u first having voluntarily relinq ished his Abbey, for in the year of Henry I . he was reinstated and continued Abbot u ntil his death in 1 1 0 6 . C HAPTER VI II

R EB U I LDI N G OF THE A BBEY

’ T HE next Abbots in the list given in Dug dale s

6 1 1 0 on asti on 1 1 0 . M c are William , Hugh, 7 This seems to be a mistaken inference from the fact that in

I . the reign of Stephen , not of Henry , there was an

Abbot Hugh preceded by a William . Curiously enough

1 1 0 both names recur in each reign , but the Hugh of 7 immediately succeeded Odo .

’

He S . was a monk of Swithun s , Winchester, and in

’ 1 1 0 0 , the year of Henry s accession , had been made

n Abbot of the New Minster (Hyde) , Wi chester . The important work that confronted him on his promotion to

Chertsey was the rebuilding of the Abbey, thus comme mo rat e d in the Saxon Chronicle This year ( 1 1 1 0 ) ” the new monastery was begun . With the Norman architecture vast and massive — erections became fashionable their characteristics , “ a S . ccording to Bernard , being immense height , 6 ert se fi e 4 d h g bb y .

su e rfluo us a immoderate length, p bre dth, and so universal

was the mania, that churches and cathedrals, still in good preservation, were frequently enlarged upon a mag n i fic e n t scale . This might have been deemed sufii c ie n t ” u m n st r reason for the reb ilding of the y e , for barely a centu ry and a half had elapsed since Bishop ZEth e lwold had so e fii c ie n tly restored the Chertsey Abbey but history records a necessity for the work , and Abbot

Hugh found his new possessions in a ruinou s condition . This is the description given : “ The monastery of

S . Peter at Chertsey had been a second time destroyed , with its appurtenances and small farms its property was

o ff - carried , and there remained but few dwelling houses or

n i habitants in the territories of the aforesaid monastery, namely, in Chertsey, Thorpe , Egham , Chobham and H Frimley in the undred of Godley and beyond, Wey

“ o le sdo n bridge, Cobham , Epsom , Petersham , C , and

Ho rn le lands in y, Bookham , Clandon , Esher and

Waltham . It was supposed that this work of devasta

u n b ut tion m st have been due to the Da es , the extract quoted refers it to the time of the burial of Harold at Waltham . The Cotton Manuscript is the authority

u for the statement, which , however, is legitimate gro nd ” for some higher criticism . The fact of the destruction of the Abbey (partial , at least) is undoubted that it happened about the time of the Norman Conquest wd Cfi fi om w. P L A N A S up p a w

6 5 5 Sm”: Co ffin : p o ‘ N D W ‘ ATIO N ALLS a c St u, “ J c at r

J & Rx m e l n WaM A B B EY c uvn c u C H E R T S EY S V R R KY

Di sc o v e re d |8 6|

f r Wa s . B y k i n d pe rmiss io n o M . M arshall l h

6 fi n QEristen t e of the g as“. 7

is equally to be credited . Harold , however, was not

fie ld buried at Waltham, but on the at Senlac , and immediately afterwards the Conqueror set out on his march to London , by a circuitous route , wasting the ” country as he went, and Chertsey, no doubt, lay in his road . But the chronicler was evidently not familiar with the Chertsey locality, and must have referred to the Domesday Survey for information as to what was com r p ised in the Chertsey Abbey territory if not, we might infer that the Conqueror had a special spite against Chertsey when he so carefully sought out all its posses sions on which to wreak his vengeance . We may safely conclude that it was a m u ch more limited area that f actually su fered . The work of rebuilding was not soon accomplished ; the Chronicle cautiously says This year they began to ” work on the new minster on Chertsey island , and until the end of the thirteenth century numerous additions

t n and alterations , with much decora ive work, are know to have been made . This was substantially the Abbey which existed till the seventeenth century, when it became so completely wrecked that not one stone was left upon

suffic ie n tl another y to show size or form . Excavations ,

1 8 6 1 h h h however, made as late as , ave broug t to lig t so

much of the foundations as show its general form . It

ha h 2 would appear t t the churc , 7 5 feet long, in size like

1° 2 6 8 ( Ehertzep fi bhep

had a cathedr al, an apse and apsidal ends to the tran ” septs . This may have been the original foundation of

’ w l s Erke n a d s structure, for Roman apsidal arche had

u become m ch in vogue by the eighth century . Wh at was the actual appearance of this Norman e difi c e “ can only be gu essed at by a comparison of the rough ” drawing from the Exchequer Le dger with the remains of

architecture of this period . Winchester Cathedral can furnish good specimens of the general character of the

u eleventh century ecclesiastical b ildings , and S . Cross

Hospital and Hyde Abbey also date from this period . As Chertsey Abbey was held in suc h imp o rt an c e at this

time, it is probable that it may have been built upon the

’

S . best model of the day , that of Peter s , Westminster, which “ remained the great object of English imitation ” deep into the twelfth century . The early Norman i m nsters were mostly built in the form of a Latin cross, the transepts standing out north and south, a tower at the west end , with possibly an additional one for the bells , a

u large trifori m and clerestory. The monastic buildings eventually covered four acres

r o un d o c c u in of g , p y g the space lying between the present

Windsor Street and the Abbey River, and extending in a

- south east direction towards the Mill, while the gardens

- and orchards lay to the north east . H a aving seen his new monastery fairly st rted , the

0 se 7 «I hert p g bb t p .

and their estate have survived . The manor, which was surrounded by a great moat and encompassed with trees , was I 666 evidently the Ham sland of , which lies

u between the Wey and the Bo rne by Woburn Hill . “ On the west side the park was bounded by the old river Wey which separated it ( 1 7 3 1 ) from the Earl of

’ Po rt more s e b rid e estate in W y g , the navigable part of that river running through Ham grounds into the Thames . The smaller stream of the Bourne runs on the north side

of Ham , and after supplying the moat by a cut, falls into ” u the Thames not very far from Ham Co rt . This part of the manor was known as Ham Haw,and the part near

- the Bourne as Ham Moor . The old farm house of Ham

is still existent .

The Chertsey timber wharf was located in this vicinity,

and is frequently mentioned in the seventeenth century .

1 6 2 For instance, in 4 a licence was granted for a wharf at Chertsey on the river Wey for convenience in car rying

fift e e n goods on that river from the Thames , and years

later Inigo Jones ordered timber for the west end of S . Paul’ s Cathedral to be sent to London by way of Chertsey

h ar Haw W f. Many barge loads of timber were de sp atc h e d from here to Woolwich and Deptford for the m . A F arn h a building of ships lice Holt orest, near F ,

supplied a goodly number of trees , which were brought a so far by l nd . CHAPTER IX

FA I RS A ND PR I V I LEGES

I THE comparative peacefulness of the reign of Henry . was a great aid to the establishment of institutions which have survived to this day, notably Fairs .

n As regards Chertsey, and most of our English tow s,

r a the cha acter of these F irs has not been sustained , as in

u ar e Leipsic, where still the pleasurable feat res pre i dom nant, and all manner of merchandise is obtainable ,

w i - do n to toys, g ngerbread , red picture handkerchiefs , and chocolates . The importance of these Fairs in the olden days is t e stifie d to by the fact of their having been gr anted by

ro fit s special permission of the King, and all rights, p , and tolls accruing being conceded to the feudal lord of the town , and secured by Charter .

’ first Chertsey s Fair was granted to the Abbot William ,

in to be held each year on the Feast of S . Peter Chains

’ ad mn mla 1 st ( ) , August , for three days , that is to say, on 7 2 flhmsep g bb ep

as an d the vigil of the fe t, on the day of the feast , and on

the day following next after the feast . Safeguards for due order to be kept were enjoined and privileges

u expressly sec red . The Abbot William may be ide n tifie d with the monk

’

S . of Helen s, Abingdon , who was Abbot during the

H e reign of Stephen . was fully sensible of the dignity

an d of his position , evidently considered that, as a t Mitred Abbot, he was independent of the authori y of

n the Bishop of Winchester . O one occasion he pre sumed to withstand a certain ruling of his diocesan , despite the fact that the Bishop happened to be Henry

was of Blois, the brother of the King . Who in the right, t or what was the na ure of the dispute, does not appear, but the procedure is interesting . The Bishop ex communicated the Abbot, the Abbot appealed to the

s e x c o m Pope , the Pope relea ed the Abbot from the — — mun ic ati on and also from the Ab b ac y l and the dis c o mfit e d William had no alternative but to return to his former position as a simple brother of the Abingdon community .

difii c ult fillin The King, Stephen , had no y in g the

si n e vacancy thus created . Monastic training was not a

ua n on . A h q for an Abbot in those Norman days nep ew, “ o f by name Hugh , commanding stature, handsome ” countenance , eloquent speech , attractive manner, was S e fi n QEri ten t of the g ast . 7 3

l q uit e willing to fill the f dle of Lord of the Hundred of

! - r n Godley Born to position and wealth, a great g andso of the Conqueror, he troubled himself but little about k all the duties of life , ta ing as his natural portion the good things that fell to his share . A short reign as

Abbot of Chertsey, and then , despite youth, gaiety, and ff indi erence to moral rectitude, he was made Bishop of

Durham , and held sway in the Northern Province, in

ffic s manifold high o e , for the ensuing forty years . This Hugh was apparently the son of Count Theobald and ’ H grandson of the Conqueror s daughter Adela . e is

Puisac e called Hugh Pudsey, or de , which name was evidently derived from his father having been successful

Puisac e in taking the town of , defeating the French

1 1 1 0 king there in , and this Hugh was possibly that son of Theobald who c arried to Henry I . the direful news of the loss of the White Ship . The mention of Hugh’ s connection with Chertsey is of the slightest a " Charter of King Stephen c o n firms the Abbey posses “ ” s ions to his nephew Hugh ; a Privilegium of Pope

u I I I . Eugeni s is addressed to Hugh, Abbot of Chertsey a document drawn up between Hyde Abbey and

Waverley Priory is attested by this Hugh, and a fourth

" An ke rw ke mention of him is made in the Charter of y ,

’ which secured forest lands in Egham , west of Cooper s

An k w k F e r e . Hill, to the nuns of y urnish The fact that 7 4 ( thert Sep flbhep both the Abbot of Chertsey and the Bishop of Durham “ ” are spoken of as Hugh , the nephew of the King,

u n tific ation s ggests an ide , and the incidents recorded prove nothin g against the assumption that they are th e same individual . His tenure of the Abbacy may have been very brief, but the absence of dates from the

Charters makes certainty impossible . The Hyde and Waverley document was dr awn up between the years 1 1 4 2

1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . and 5 3 . Eugenius III was Pope from 4 5 to 54 Hugh became Bishop of Durham in 1 1 5 3 ; thus the conclusion is fairly tenable that Hugh was in stalled temporarily as Abbot upon the summary dismissal of

’ William of S . Helen s . I t was about this time that monasteries were e n c oura e d g in their desire to be independent . Nicholas

B rake s e ar first p , the (and only) Englishman who was fill elected to the papal throne, now began his reign

I . as Adrian V Five years later he freed the S . Albans Abbey from episcopal control as a tribute to the memory of his father, who had been a monk there . Eight other abbeys were admitted to the same

, privilege but Chertsey is , not mentioned amongst them . It was no doubt well for the peace of Chertsey that Hugh found a more congenial sphere in the north o f

n Engla d , where in political as well as in ecclesiastical s e e fi n QEri ten t of th fi a t . 7 5

H circles he had full scope for his restless ambitions . e was “ greater as a warrior and politician than as a church ” 1 1 man , and when in 95 , having on Ash Wednesday ex Y communicated the enemies of the ork Chapter, he fell

~ F o m a Co e r a e c . 1 0. r pp pl t , 7 5

' A N KE RWY K P n u EG HA I TE F C o n vax r TWELF T H CE NTURY . E u ms , M . (S O , )

sick at Doncaster an d was carried to his manor- house at

an d Howden to die, he closed one of the longest most turbulent lives that English History has kept ih ” record .

I I . The reign of Henry yields little Chertsey history, but we get Surrey associations with Becket (posthumous). during the Abbacy of Aymer . 17 6 (Ethertsey g hhep

Benedict, Chancellor to the Archbishop Richard, who

1 1 succeeded to Canterbury in 74 , recorded numerous miracles that had resulted from the merits of the

S . . marty red Thomas Becket Roger, son of Herbert of Bisley, suffering from consumption , was converted to

' e fle c t ual the Lo rd, and apparently the means of this was the special intercession made through the relics of A P S . Thomas . dropsical woman of Merston ( Merstham) was healed by the intercession of the martyr and tasting the Canterbury waters and the paralysed arm of Edilda of Godmersham was restored by the use of the same means .

’ The Abbot Aymer s name appears in 1 1 66 in connec tion with particulars furnished to the King of the three knights who held their lands from the Abbey by military

f Wat ville n O e e . service . these Roger de was o Transfers of land are frequently recorded from this time . Aymer

ure t h C o ve ham F , the rector of (Cobham) , sold to the

Abbot Aymer all his lay fee in Cobham, Chertsey,

Thorpe and Egham, and the Chertsey possessions were further augmented by purchases of land in Chobham in

1 1 7 5 .

h Some few years later we meet with the name of Berta ,

- o r Bertrand, who was probably Abbot during the reign of

I . Richard , and under whom additional land in Chobham

n was secured to the Abbey . The King c o firme d the

7 8 Qlihert sep g hhep

h ol a c y event h ppened which, to superstitious minds , might have suggested itself as an unpropitious omen , espe cially taken in conjunction with the fact that it was not strictly canonical to have two abbots at one time .

The Abbot- elect had arrived in procession to receive in vestment with the honour and dignities of the Abbey .

He was in the act of paying over his relief- honorarium t ’ when one of his at endants , clutching at the Abbot s h is . robe, fell suddenly dead at feet Thus at the self same moment (as the chronicler impressively records) the Abbot was admitted to his earthly honours and his

minister entered into his eternal gain . To Jocelin of B rak e lon d we are indebted for another

mention of Chertsey. The occasion was a judgment h court at Tewkesbury, held by the King, at w ich a con side rab le number of magnates were evidently present “ The lord abbot (Samson) seemed to be mi sled by a a h h certain appearance of right bec use, forsoot , t e Scrip

’ ture saith My glory will I not give to another . The

us us in abbot of Cluny coming to , and received by such

wise as he ought, our abbot would not give place, either

in chapter or in the procession on Sunday, but he must needs sit and stand in the middle bet ween the abbot of ” Cluny and the abbot of Chertsey . The Abbot of Chertsey must have been Martin ; the Abbo t of Cluny

H 1 was ugh, who had been until 1 99 the Abbot of Read g st en f e a t! QEri ce o th g i n. 7 9

as ing . The narrative gives a hint to the rank held by

Chertsey among the Abbacies of the country, and Abbot Samson was undoubtedly justifie d in claiming due recog fi n ition of his own precedence . The ve leading Abbots — : S . are usually mentioned in this order Albans, West

m n S . Ed u dsb ur minster, y , Glastonbury, Reading . Very soon after hi s election Martin received a special commission from the King to negotiate with the Pope

'

regarding Norman afiairs. Philip of France had not restored certain lands and castles whi ch he had seized Richard was indignant that the Pope had not insisted on

it c fio n s L , but the of the egate had only resulted in a

five f truce for years, and it was to bring this delicate af air to a conclusion , as well as to settle certain ecclesiastical

matters , that the new Abbot, together with a brother of

S . . A Albans , was despatched to Rome substantial

solatium was , as a matter of course, sent by the hands of these deputies this had been raised by the levy of a

- u u land tax thro gho t England . The papal record for this year ( 1 1 98) is that the tithes

of Chertsey, Egham , Thorpe and Chobham were con

firme d to the Abbey of Chertsey, and the Abbot was commanded to compel the Abbot of Waltham to observe the constitution c on firme d by the apostolic see to keep the money of the abbey in a bag and in the custody of two or three canons . 8 0 fi hertSep fi bhep .

“ In 1 2 0 5 King Joh n ordered Earl Mareschal to give to Chertsey Abbey seisin of all the manors of Hyde Abbey so that ‘ no Jew or Christian may take anything there

’ o ur 2 0 0 from while it is in debt, Chertsey paying marks ” yearly . The New Minster of Winchester, founded

t o by King Alfred , had not long before been removed “ ” th e the Hyde site beyond the North Walls, and Jewish quarters being in close proximity may partly account for this cautious provision . A good deed recorded of Abbot Martin is that, with

b e n e fit the consent of his monastery, he secured to the of the poor and of travellers a special grant which had

. apparently been designed for that purpose, but from some cause had not been previou sly so applied . This grant included one half of the abbey revenue derived

an d ' from tithes in the neighbourhood of Bookham , from

’ r 1 2 0 6 d Thorpe . Martin s death occur ed in , and is notice

n l o r te r in the A n a s f Wo ce s . CHAPTER X

M ONA STI C GOLDEN AGE

THE monasteries had arrived at their Golden Age

s they had become pro perous and wealthy, and it was a

t ime of thorough organisation . The many new Orders lately introduced into England necessitated good states man ship to secu re satisfactory arrangements between

the various religious houses , their Abbots, the Bishops ,

and the King . The Court and Patent Rolls testify to the vigilance with which the royal prerogatives were guarded the

’ Bishops Registers give ample details of the steady atten

tion given to diocesan matters, at this time in particular

' of their re sistan c e b f the monastic attempts to gain im munity from episcopal control while the steady increase o f property accruing to the religiou s houses demanded

most business - like and clerkly capabilities in the keeping

- - o f their ledger books and rent rolls . 2 8 QlihertSep abb ey .

s King John frequently visited the Chert ey Abbey, and in 1 2 1 7 the young King Henry III . held his cou rt there . Amongst other bu siness then tran sacted was the issuing

’ of a safe - conduct for certain of the French Kin g s Council who were arriving in order to confer with the

’ n u n An s u u n Ki g s Co cil . order was also i s ed to the Co ty ff a Sheri that the Magna Chart , which had been granted ” c o n fi r me d u by the King and by the Legate, sho ld be

~ u u u pu blicly read thro gho t S rrey . The Abbot at this

Kin e sn o rth a time was probably Adam de g , who had p

’

ar n t l . u n e S s . p y been connected with Aug tine s , Ca terbury Both Adam and his su ccessor Alan were held in high esteem , and their memory perpetuated by gifts to the poor and needy of bread , wine and cakes, which were distributed on the anniversaries of their death .

’ The noti ce of Adam s promotion to Chertsey is thu s “ expressed : Iste Adam 0b me rit o rum sn oru m exigen tiam ad curam pastoralem mo n ast e rii de C e r t e se ye postea assum t us p est .

’ The almoner of Adam s bou nty was Godwin of Lolle

u a w rth or Hardwick while Al n , who seems to have

n bee connected with Chobham , appointed two, evidently

Ewlfus o r U lf Fo rda brothers, Robert and ( ) de , apud

o ut Chobham , to carry his bequests . Chobham is much noticed d uring the thirteenth cen “ tury . It lay at a distance of six miles from Chertsey, a

8 6 (Elihert Sep abb ey

x rium A se ta was the allowance for the Abbot, and he

’ s s regulated the monk portion , more or less liberally, as he felt disposed . And in the same manner the festal pittance was made by the provision of the venerable

Father, the Abbot Adam , on the Feast of the blessed

s u Martyr Thoma (Becket of Canterbury) , on the Circ m

i n Purific at io n c is o and Epiphany of our Lord , on the of

s the Bles ed Virgin Mary, and on Palm Sunday 5 also on

u Maundy Th rsday, before the Meal and after, on the Passover and on Ascension Day on the Feast of Pente

Erk e n w l cost and on the Feast of S . a d 5 on the Feast of

s the Apo tles Peter and Paul on the Feast of S . Peter ad Vincula on the Assu mption of the Blessed Virgin

’ Mary, and on her Nativity and on All Saints Day . The

- uffi Cellarer, with his fellow helper, shall also provide s cient cheese in the refectory to last the monks through o u t the year . The Chamberlain shall receive from the Cellarer and

2 0 his associate to clothe the brothers, that is to say,

all the p rofessed monks , and oil to anoint the shoes of the aforesaid brothers seven times a year . “ The Chamberlain , for the time being, must provide towels for the feet - washing and for the Maundy in the

Chapter.

The Chamberlain ought also, on the Vigil of All

Saints to furnish the Abbot with socks of white cloth , ‘ t e 8 fi n t ifitmt of th fi ast . 7

s two pairs for the Abbot , with hoes of the same cloth ,

n and for each of the monks one pair o ly . Full details are preserved with regard to the various d uties of the monastic o ffi c ials. The Winchester Cathe

s n in fo r dral Record , for instance, have some interesti g

u mation concerning the d ties of the Cellarer, whose o ffic e was not so limited as his title would s uggest . He

s u u s a acted as dome tic B rsar, bo ght provision , and p

He pointed the pittances of the brethren . had to pro

a u vide me t and drink and divers kinds of food, to prod ce

ss an d all the ve els for the cellar, kitchen refectory

u n goblets, pots and pans , and necessary f r ishing of all kinds the main part of the lighting of the Refectory depended u pon him and he received the offerings made to the Cross in the Refectory so as to be able to

u h e i purchase what was needf l . Verily, had to be a d s

” r c e e t man to give to all their meat in due season . S o

offi c e important , indeed , was the of the Cellarer felt to

s be that a pecial service was appointed, with suffrages and prayers for him . The Abbacy of Alan apparently lasted from 1 2 2 3 to

1 2 6 1 o n , his name recurring various occasions within

1 2 2 that period . In 5 he attested with his sign ature a

fi r i c o n mat o n of Magna Charta . The following year an intere sting description is given of a perambulation of the At bounds of the Abbey territory . certain (o r uncertain) ‘ 8 8 «Ihertsey abb ey

“ intervals the beating of the bounds seems to have

been kept up from early Saxon times, and the landmarks were carefully recorded as a precaution against disputes

and encroachments .

The Close Rolls of Henry III . describe the circuit “ f ” made by the Abbot and monks, sta f in hand , from

C ro c ford Weybridge round , Woodham , Ottershaw and

was Chobham, until at Egham the interest concentrated on a portion of land which they were abou t to concede to the Forester of Windsor . This lay between the bridge ” of Stanes and Lo dde rlak e (near Mix t e n h am) where it falls into the Thames . From the river it extended

u Har e sfo rd n a e thro gh Egham as far as to p and la C p p , and was to remain forest for ever . Newark Priory was now absorbing some of the land

an d that had hitherto paid tithe to Chertsey, in the year

1 2 Trin de le 3 7 a dispute arose, Newark claiming and

s Osle, both in the pari h of Chertsey . This was wisely settled by Chertsey conceding to them the tithe of

Ho r se hill , which lay nearer their demesne .

The needs of the town now demanded a second Fair, and by charter of Henry III . one was appointed to be held on the Day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross ,

1 September 4 . With the alteration of the calendar in

1 2 7 5 this date was changed to eleven days later, and the

Goose and Onion Fair is still held on September 2 5 .

90 (EthertSep fi hhep

’ Fee de r a c o n fir ms The notice in Rymer s is, The Pope various Charters by which the ecclesiastical liberties of ” England had been secured at various times.

s D uring the epi copate of Peter des Roches, which

’ 1 2 0 1 2 8 lasted from 5 to 3 , the Bishop s right of visitation

n u was resisted by Abbot Alan , in co seq ence of which

u the Abbey was placed nder an interdict . This was

1 2 2 annulled by the new Pope, Gregory IX . , in 7 , and a few years later Abbot Alan received a mandate from him to proceed to Battle Abbey, and there annul the sentence of interdict under which that Abbey had been placed .

’ Alan s death occurred in 1 2 6 1 his successor was a

u Monk of the Benedictine ho se of Medmenham . The

Abbey Seal of John de Medmenham is well preserved , and is one of the best known of those exhibited at the

British M u seum . The principal incident in connection with Abbot John — is his care for the keeper of the Abbey gate . A liberal

n in allowa ce for his needs was granted by the Abbot, cluding a messuage in Chertsey, daily dinners from the

Abbey kitchen , besides bread and ale extra, also ten

o ffic e shillings per annum for a gown . The of gate keeper was made hereditary in the family of Ralph de

Thorpe . Transactions concerning the Weybridge living were At carried on about this period . the time of the o e a 1 fi n QEristent e f th fi st . 9

Domesday Survey, Weybridge was reckoned amongst t h e b ut u Chertsey possessions, its tithes did not accr e

o b to Chertsey till long afterwards, when they were tain e d Wa b ri from Simon de y g g , but whether by gift or purchase is unknown . Two dates are given in the thirteenth century for the s 1 2 6 2 1 2 8 ale of its advowson , and 5 but these would

rat ifi t i n seem to have been only c a o s. At the former date it is c e r tifie d that the impropriation of Weybridge

o n e was of the endowments of the Priory of Newark, and it was originally sold to the Priory about the time of its foundation . The deed of sale was drawn up under the auspices of the Bishop of Winchester, Godfrey de

Lucy, who was one of the principal benefactors of the n e w u Ami c iu s fo ndation , and the deed was witnessed by ,

u 1 2 0 0 . the Archdeacon of Surrey, probably abo t the year

Weybridge reserved to itself an an n ual rent of a half- mark 6 ( 5 . in 1 2 6 2 its in cu mbents were instituted as

n e wark Vicars in the patro age of N , and that arrangement

u 1 0 continued ntil 4 5 , when it became a Rectory . In 1 2 84 the Hamlet of Wayb rug g was held in free socage

” o f u the Abbey of Chertsey by Godfrey de L cy, and in

” 1 2 8 u 5 the Advowson was act ally sold to Newark . The

’ fact, however, that the Bishop s death occurred in 1 2 04 — m 1 2 8 u 1 2 0 1 2 0 ight suggest that 4 5 sho ld read 4 and 5 .

I . With the accession of Edward , Bartholomew, a 2 l 9 tthertfiep abb ey .

Monk of Winchester, became Abbot of Chertsey, his tenure of o ffi c e lasting the whole thirty - five years of

’ King Edward s reign . Records of the period are de tailed with considerable fulness , and through the medium

’ of Court Rolls, Bishops Registers and Monastic Annals many interesting items can be gleaned .

Bartholomew seems to have been a noted scholar . He devoted himself for ten years to his onerous abbatial

u d ties, and then , leaving them in other capable hands ,

’ he obtained the King s permission to g o abroad for three years for purposes of study .

1 2 Those early ten years were not idly spent . In 7 3 , on a certain Monday morning, there came to the Abbey,

- riding post haste from Westminster, a special messenger from the King with an urgent mandate that the Abbot " should at once set o fi for Kingston to prohibit the taking place of a tournament that had been arranged for . Failing the possibility of the Abbot or the Prior to — comply personally, the sub prior, cellarer, or two discreet

Monks were to be sent with the imperative restraint .

At this epoch the Abbey - minster was probably attain “ ing its perfection of beauty . The manufacture of what we call encaustic tiles had attained an excellence unsurpassed to the present day . Chertsey seems to have possessed the right kind of clays for the purpose, and the

artific rs Abbey to have produced the most artistic of e ,

fi n QEristen e e of the 198 m. 95 for the whole of the paveme n t of the Sanctuary and of

- u s the Chapter Ho se was composed of tile which , after

6 00 n n the lapse of years , retai their disti ctive colouring , — — an d show fig ure drawing which stan ds o ut in life like vigou r . The locality of the Potteries is supposed to have

’ been on the south side of the town between Fannell s

an d t h e . Farm Sandgates , in Hanworth Fields One of the Chertsey possessions within the Egham

An ke rw ke territory was An k e rwyke . A Charter of y had

u . been iss ed in the early part of the reign of Henry II , when its Priory of Benedictine n uns had been founded fi by Gilbert M o n t c h e t . They possessed land in several

u b ut n . co nties , paid re t to Chertsey Abbey The Priory was situated on the B uckinghamshire side of the Thames near Magna Charta Island, but land on the Surrey side

n it 1 1 I 2 8 . also belo ged to , and in Edward increased this territory by a grant of 1 0 0 acres from Windsor

F wa u orest . It s stip lated that this should be enclosed with a small dyke and a low hedge, so that deer can

in get and out . The Abbot’ s attention was claimed at this time by a tithe - di spute over land that had been bequeathed to

Chertsey, but which lay within the lordship of the Prior

. e t c ham of Merton The Rector of F claimed the tithes ,

S . Fride swide and was upheld in this by the Prior of , 96 flhert fley abb ey

but this decision did not satisfy Abbot Bartholomew, who thereupon appealed to Rome succes sfully .

I 1 2 8 2 in n another Fair was granted to Chertsey, au r g u at e d by Edward I . It was to be held on Holy

Thursday, and has been continued on an approximate date (May 1 4 ) from that time . Until the great Cattle M urrain of 1 86 7 this was one of the most important cattle fairs in the county , and the town rejoiced in all the pleasurable attractions that were the usual ac c o m an ime n t s p of such occasions , crowds from all the

fl ki n . villages round o c g in from dawn o f day . The Fair Charter was probably drawn up at Chertsey l Abbey, for at the same date the King and Royal Fami y proceeded thence to Kingston— witness the entry in the —“ — Rolls Three shillings payment made to the ferry

n woman and her six men, passing the Ki g and his family over the Thames on their going from C e rt e se ye to

King e st o n . This passage has been quoted to prove that there was at this time no bridge over the Thames at

Chertsey, but that communication with the Middlesex side was only by a ferry b ut both towns being on the

u u S rrey side, the entry wo ld imply only that the King

u made his jo rney by water . It was also at this date that the Abbot had concluded “ his arrangemen t for going to the Continent proteo

was - tion granted him, presumably a safe conduct or

98 Qlihertsep abb ey was not till nearly twenty years later that Vicars were selected in regular succession for de fin it e work in this parish , and not for one hundred years that they were l estab ished upon the present basis . The principle, however, of appointing parochial chaplains , of making

u them s bject to episcopal institutions, and assigning to

de fin it e them incomes , had been more or less acted upon from the beginning of the thirteenth century .

' The fi rst appointment o f this kind in the Winchester diocese had been that of the Vicar of Andover in

1 2 6 4 . A great many demands were made upon the temporal possessions of the Abbey by the Plantagenets funds were needed for the Crusades , for the conduct of wars with Scotland and France , and above all for Papal

I u exactions , which Edward . sometimes fo nd it politic to comply with .

I 1 2 1 u Ve t us Valor n 9 the King iss ed the , a record of the Ecclesiastical Taxation for England and Wales — a most valuable book of reference , as it set forth the values of the properties and rents of all ecclesiastical

” B e n e fi c e s bodies in the various deaneries . and goods were granted to the King by Abbot Bartholomew in

1 2 u u 94 , and vario s contrib tions and subsidies were collected by him . That same year the Pope , Boniface ” l ri is . u e c VIII , issued the famous B ll, C Laicos, which h fi n C risten “ of the £ ast . 99 asserted the authority o f the Pope over all the property of the Church, and forbade national taxation except by his permission . This drew forth from the King, in the “ last year of his reign , an enactment that Religious Persons should send nothing to their Superiors beyond

” u Sea, and that the Abbey Seal sho ld only be in the — hands of authorised persons the Abbot or Prior and four others . A very good seal of the Abbot Bartholomew is still extant . The Abbot is represented standing under a

Go thic canopy in his proper habit with book and crozier .

n i O either side, a sculptured canopied niche conta ns each — S . the head of a saint Peter symbolised by the keys,

. A a S . Paul by the sword conventional represent tion of the Abbey is at the top of the seal . The pursuits of the Abbot in his later days were not of so peaceful a nature as might have been expected from

1 0 1 his studious habits . In the year 3 a charge of tres h pass was heard against him at Nort ampton . A body of

c ut eighty men had entered a close at Thorpe, down the trees and carried them away with other goods . The

Abbot had evidently instigated the proceedings , and his abettors came from far and near . Their names are given and the list is interesting, the recurrence of many of the names in other connections proving them to have been prominent men . Among them may be mentioned Simon

H 2 1 o o wt e “I her p g bb p .

Ruth e rw k B o ke lan d de y , Walter de , Henry de Middle

li Le He c c h e ton , Wi l am Fevre of Thorpe , Walter atte of

Th or e le e Kin e st o n Frilan d C ove h am p y , Reginald de g , of ,

le le u le Iohn Pope , Adam Tan r, John Barbur, and

P n t r rt Robert le e y e of C e e se ye . The defendant was

Ar William Inge, in all probability the chdeacon of Surrey H of some years later . e is spoken of as being of a ” litigious bent, but similarity of name and character do not prove identity . The Abbot had to pay costs in this

fi n 1 0 0 He e d . case . was shillings

' 1 0 2 dLhert Seg fi hb ep .

his that was to the advantage of his Abbey, and pursued avocations with u n fiagg in g energy for the space of forty

H e years . kept a most careful record of all that con cerned hi s e xtensive manors from the time of his c o n se

1 0 i 1 6 cration in 3 7 to w thin two years of his death in 3 4 .

A u fi ure c rious little g of the Abbot, seated , and holding a crozier in his right hand and a book in his left, is intro ” duc e d in the initial letter of the Lansdown MS . His election is thus described : In the 1 3 0 7 t h year Anno

n first Domi i, and the of King Edward, the son of Edward , Brother John de Ruth e rwyk was elected to the abbacy of the monastery of Chertsey on the 5th of the Ides of August ; and this was c o n fi rme d by the venerable Father in God, Henry, by the grace of God, Bishop of Win th chester, on the 9 of the Kalends of October, and from the same lord bishop he received benediction by the t h imposition of his sacred hands, and on the 4 of the Kalends of November he was installed by the discreet ” Master Philip Barton , then Archdeacon of Surrey. i Th s Philip Barton , or de Berthon , was a man of

1 0 1 some distinction he was collated in 3 , and died in

1 3 2 0 . In 1 3 2 7 two perpetual chantries were erected

u for him in the Convent al Church of Chertsey Abbey,

- and for the maintenance o f two chaplains to celebrate

daily therein , to cover incidental expenses, the Executors paid 56 2 5 0 to the Abbey and Convent . The Rectory

1 0 6 flhet‘ tSt p fi bb ep m l i l in one place, a new grange in another, the planting of oaks and sowing of acorns at Hardwick , surrounding

- u i the Chobham manor ho se with a moat, plant ng and

’ B rou n e t t s enclosing the grove at Epsom , building a stone bridge over the Bou rne (o r R e dwyn d) in Guild

u ford Street, and vario s pathway bridges over the ditches

Eastwo rth u - in , digging the Gracio s Pond at Long cross , contributing to the repair of the cau seway between

Egham and Staines , erecting proper dwellings for the riverside fi sh e rme n . But it would be doin g him a great inj ustice to imply that these active pursuits occupied an undue share of his thoughts and his life he was distinctly a Church

u u u man , and ndo btedly the spirit al needs of his people held the fi rst place in his plans and provisions certainly they made large claims on his attention . To be the patron of a large number of churches meant the selection and nominating of the candidates, and numerous appoint ments were thus made by Ruth e rwyk

H u The fabrics also were a responsibility . e reb ilt

u the chancel of Egham Church, introd cing the pointed

“ ” ‘ Early English style into the old Norman Church . In the year 1 8 1 0 the existing Egham Church is described as consisti ng of a nave and chancel with a square tower at their junction standing on the north side, and the north entrance to the chu rch was a venerable and hand ’ o B t 1 0 fi n QEt istmt e f the iB a . 7

so me ly ornamented timber porch . There were two

s aisle of Saxon architecture, massy and without decora

u tion , opening to each other by three irreg larly propor ” t io n e d n u arches , resti g on cylindrical col mns , and the writer continu es ' It is probable that the chancel walls were not less ancient than the basement half of the tower, which appeared by its windows to have been built in the st yle immediately succeedi n g the circular

. n s arch A other opinion , however, is that the ma sy

u pillars , ro nd arches , the north door, and the lower ” part of the tower, show a much greater antiquity . “ The colu mns supporting the arches and the arched doorway are in what is commonly called the Saxon

u style ; the latter with bold and grotesq e ornaments, and to the jambs of it there were formerly insulated columns to carry the archivolt, which columns have

c ut been away. The Norman doorway was surmounted and surrou nded by a fanciful yet pleasing arrangement

u of the zigzag, billet, and other mouldings , boldly sc lp t ure d and the capitals of the side columns were diversi

fi e d by grotesque ornaments . It was enclosed by a large porch of wood, erected in a later age, and in the

u pointed style this had a gable roof, and a b ttress on ” each side of the entrance . That the rebuilding of the chancel was the work of John de R ut h e rwyk is attested by an inscription upon a 1 08 < ert5 fi tt n Eh e9 i g .

’ affi x e d chalk stone , which was, in Aubrey s time, to the north wall, but is now in the east wall at the end of the south aisle . The Latin inscription is written in a quaint mixture of Saxon and Roman characters

a e fii c it ur B a tistae u Hec (h ec) Domus p la de Johannis , Bis deca se p t e n is t re c e n t is mille sub annis Christi quam statuit Abbas ex corde Johannes ” ka dic t u s e t am n Ruth e rw e s. De y , per terras p

u The Excheq er Leiger Book , strangely enough, omits

u the mention of this , and also of the reb ilding of Great

Bookham Chancel, which is similarly commemorated in

u . that Ch rch Epsom Chancel , too, was repaired by ”

Ruth e r w k St . y , and the Chertsey cell, the chapel on

’ Anne s Hill, was built by him . His gifts to Chertsey “ Casulam Abbey were generous , and included , Tuni ” Salmat ic am cam , and , the latter of ruby velvet also a new crozier and images of S S . Katharine and Margaret

u for the high altar of t he ch rch . “ ” He appropriated Ewell Church amongst others to

o ut ro fit s the Abbey, and of its p he made a grant to the

2 6 s 8d. Bishop of Winchester of . , to the Prior of Win

6s. 8d 6s 8 11. chester , and to the Archdeacon of Surrey .

s Thi was evidently an annual payment, for in the Win chester Cathedral Library a parchment of the Grant is

e as 1 1 1 fi n QEristmee of th fi t .

U 1 0 preserved, attested by John de sk in 3 7 and with the Conventual Seal attached . It is noteworthy that this seal is that of the Prior, not of the Abbey . Ru th e rwyk found to his dismay that these appropria ” n u s tions , with in umerable acq isition of a smaller kind, had stirred up discontent and jealousies amon g certain monastic brethren— probably belonging to other houses “ ” n of the co fraternity . The slanders and falsehoods had thi s effect upon Ruth e rwyk that he abstained from an y further efforts to increase his possessions for the s pace of a whole year .

Ruth e rw k u y , however, was a pr dent lord , and the incessan t demands upon the resou rces of the Abbey made him carefu l to exercise economy where he safely

n could . The grant that John de Medme ham had made to the family of Ralph de Thorpe, the Abbey gate keepers , suggested to him a means of retrenchment .

offi c e a u The had been made heredit ry, a mess age in a Chertsey secured to the family, and daily meal furnished from the Abbey kitchen in addition to a convent loaf an d two pitchers of ale daily . Besides this the gate

1 0s. u keeper received a year for a gown . Under R ther

’ wyk s new ar rangement the gate keeper was elected for his own life and one robe only allowed for his term ‘ of ofii c e ; a chamber was built for him outside the

5 almonry court an allowance of 2 0 . a year took the 1 1 2 d het't Sep abb ey

b ut place of the daily dinner, the supply of food was

: u increased seven loaves of one kind , fo rteen of another, i and twelve pitchers of ale 5 th s, however, must have been a weekly instead of a daily dole . H e had a few years previously endowed the Chertsey Vicarage with certain oblations that could be spared

’ u u from the Abbey s s pplies , but half a cent ry later this had to be considerably augmented , being so small and t riflin g a provision that the Vicar was unable to con v n ie n tl u e y discharge the obligations laid pon him . The Egham Church fared better at his hands— the Ruth e rwyk family possessed landed estates in that parish “ and the Egham endowment consisted o f fifty - six acres of arable, pasture and meadow land, together with other ” emoluments arising from tithes and customs . Several private chapels or oratories were at this time

s served from the Chert ey Abbey one , of Robert de T ro tt e sworth to which John Lau rence de C e rt e se y was

1 1 6 Tro t t e sworth . given a title in 3 , by Richard Russel of

I mw rth 1 Another of Robert o is mentioned in 3 39,

’ while in the year succeeding Ruth e rwyk s death Matilda Gat e lyn applied for a chaplain for the oratory of her manor of Middleton , or Milton . Abou t the year 1 3 2 0 the question of Pluralities b e came prominent, and protests had been so forcibly put

I . before the Pope , John XXI , that he issued a stringent

1 1 fli se g b t 4 hert g b p .

u b e n e fice s p , and the themselves , bereft of the succour of those who should defend them are in countless ways stripp ed of their rights and liberties , while the noble buildings raised by the mun ific e n c e of those now dead

u are falling into r in , and, bitterest thought of all, in this o ur day the devotion of the lay people to the Church ,

u u in conseq ence of these evils, is growing utterly l ke ” warm , or rather vanishing altogether . It was not surprising that the papal exactions shou ld ff have had this e ect, for in addition to this provision of clergy, the right of the Pope to nominate to vacant b e n e fi c e s - , the newly appointed incumbents were required

’ to pay Annates (the whole of their first year s income) into

t re asur ‘ o f the y Rome , and thus an incredible sum of

money from England was accumulated . Additional tithes and other levies were periodically imposed the ” Bishop, as assessor, appointed his Archdeacon and the principal Abbots and clergy of his diocese to collect

them , and when the date expired, a list of defaulters was

served . John de Ru th e rwyk was in 1 3 1 7 impressed to collect “ some sexennial tithes, and among the non solventes whom he was required to rouse to their duty were the

m Lin fie ld Rectors of Dorking, Godal ing, g and Chaldon ,

the Vicars of Epsom and Camberwell , two Priors and two

Abbots . B kin mi i f M d e ss on o r . F . . N h y p r J ort .

’ S . NN E S H i A LL .

1 1 8 flhn tsep abb ey

’ A request of John de R uth e rwyk is recorded that in view of the great damage done to the Abbey of C e rte se ye

i o in t mes of voidance, by waste of their wo ds , groves , and other appurtenances, by escheators and other keepers thereof that the prior and the convent shall have the c ustody of the Abbey whenever void and full and free

’ administration of the temporalities, saving the knight s f ees for each six months of voidance This has t h e appearance of the soliciting of a great favour, more “ e specially as it is stated that it was granted at the

a e Ruth e rw k e rnest r quest of John de y , but he was simply taking advantage of a Statute which had just

as previously been p sed . The Abbey next p ro fit e d by the rebelli on of John de

Mol n s r y , who had quarrelled with the King at Tou nay his estate at Henle, near Guildford, was restored to the

Abbey, which had claimed those lands from its found ation in the seventh centu ry .

Another estate , in Chertsey proper, had now been secured to the Abbey . This was the manor of B e o mo n ds, occupying the central part of the town , towards the east , and which is mentioned in the Domesday Survey as an

a v u indepe ndent m nor . Its pre io s possessors had been

S c oth o 1 0 De and the De Gloucesters . In the year 3 5 Walter de Gloucester had been appointed to audit the account of “ receipts and disbursements by collectors of ( 1 1 fi n Ex isten ce of the $ast . 9

He papal tenths . was probably then in residence at

B o mo n ds e , which he had acquired from the widow of

1 2 William de S c o th o . In 3 5 Walter de Gloucester arranged with Abbot Rut h e rwyk for the transference of the whole manor to the Abbey Manor of Chertsey, and the lands included have since been known as the Manor

- of Chertsey B e o mo n ds. The record of the transaction in the Cartulary shows the cognisance of the De Gloucesters

—a B e om n dog with the name o ds written across its body. This was their method of preserving the name of the estate, as while it was in their possession it was known as “ ’ H i i . aw s a De Gloucesters Manor , or Avisa, the wife

u of Walter De Glo cester, was a benefactress to the

1 2 8 Abbey, and in 3 a Chantry was founded by them , not

” for themselves alone, but for all the faithful departed . A record in the Patent Rolls mentions the ap p o mt

Alt e c ar ment, for life, of William or Allegar as Ferryman “ ” over the Water of Re dwy n de . The question of the locality of this ferry is interesting to Chertsey . “ Re dw n de u u The y was ndo btedly the Bourne, a winding in and out through the reedy me dows , where its course can be traced from Virginia Water, through Thorpe by its Mill which forms the landmark of the

Tw n e rsh Egham boundary , round the y estate and under

~ Am e rst o n e s p Bridge, through the Cowley meadows , crossing Guildford Street at Steven ’ s Bridge (the 1 2 0 g hb t flhn tSep p .

’ Ruth e rw k s a Steventon Bridge of y m king) , thence

East wo rth B e o mo n ds through and the meadows of , and

Fo r wat e r under d Bridge, where it makes its way into the

u u n Thames at the foot of Wob rn Hill . The Bo r e is a

suffi narrow river, its banks not widening in any part

i n tl c e y to suggest the whereabouts of a ferry, but from the “ ” position of the Calc e t u de Re dwy n de in the rough drawing of the Abbey demesne in the Exchequer Ledger, it is probable that the river spread itself over the low

Ste at e s lying parts now known as p g and Beaton Croft, which, even during the present century, suggested a

- R n miniatu re fen land . The name e de wy d may have been attached not only to all these windings of the

Bourne, but even to that part of the Thames bounding the Chertsey Mead . Thorpe annals, however, furnish

’ material for b e lie vi n g the ferry to have exi sted in that

’ ll ar direction . A e g s successor in o fii c e was William (o r

his Richard) Debenham, and on death John Parker was

“ ’ appointed as ferryman an d keeper of the King s wild ” animals . Among the lands granted to him were some on the west of Thorpe which still bear the name of Rede “ ” an d Re de w n d wynd, the waters of y were answerable for the marshy nature of the land near Staines Bridge which necessitated the formation of the Egham Cause

way in the thirteenth century . No doubt the course of

' time has e fiac e d the means of identifying the exact

! St e of t e & S 1 2 g t QBri en t h Q t . 3

“ b u t locality of the ferry, a tradition exists that the

u Thames formerly took its co rse through Thorpe , and there is still a stream crossin g the road from Chertsey to Staines through Northlands Mead . Adjoining this mead is a considerable expanse of water, styled the

Flete, or Fleet, whence is a current through what

Me adlake is called Ditch , again crossing the road to

Staines not far from the end of Runnymede, and falling

’ ” r Mix lam into the old Abbey iver near s Barn . Thorpe had shared in the p rofitab le oversight of Ruth e rwyk ; its church dates from the beginning of his administration and has retained more of the original — structure than either Egham or Chertsey Churches in fact it possesses feature s that show the fourteenth centu ry details to have been added to an older building . The i chancel arch and imposts are dist nctly Norman , and its cruciform shape would point to its being included in the

1 1 1 0 rebuilding carried on by Abbot Hugh in . Thorpe is said to have been‘ the summer residence of the Abbots of Chertsey, and the church their private chapel “ Alienation in Mortmai n cases were constantly before the Courts to gain the King’ s consent to the transference

1 of property to the Abbey, and in 3 4 5 one of these con

’ cerned the Abbot s family . The sister of John de

Ruth e rw k y , Avice atte Strode , contested the bequest to 1 2 ‘ 4 Qliht t tfit p g bb t y .

Chertsey Abbey of messuages in Thorpe, Egham and La

u Strode , with the res lt that the royal verdict secured them to her for her lifetime, after which the Abbey

n fit would b e e by their reversion .

’ The evening of R uth e rwyk s own life had come his memoranda in the Exchequer Ledger had ceased, and another hand added the conclusion : Ex p lic ius Carte e t Mun ime n ta Beatissime Patris Dig n issime e t Pruden

e t t ilissim Ruth e rw k tissime Ii e Domine Johanne de y ,

i r ro c ie t u . Abbas de Ce rt e se ye . Cujus Anime Deus p p

Amen .

1 2 6 flht t‘ tsep abb ey

Su rrey) there perished no fewer than twenty - eight supe

— — 0 riors abbots , abbesses, and priors and nearly 3 5 V rectors and icars of the several parish churches . As regard s the whole country Gasquet mentions that in one

a 1 8 - u u ye r, 3 4 9, abo t half the entire pop lation was swept

away . An interesting local incident may belon g to this — epoch At a certain time of great scarcity and mortality

the Abbey was in need of supplies, which were not forth

ual coming from the us Chertsey channels . The people

u of Laleham , across the Thames, came to the resc e and voluntarily made up for the inability of the townsmen . The spontaneou s kindness was so much appreciated by — the Abbot that he gave to the parish of Laleham b y a — perpetual deed of gift a tract of meadow land of 1 6 0

s acre for their exclusive use . To this day no tithe or tax of any kind can be demanded for this ground by

l . either Midd esex or Surrey, Chertsey or Laleham A pastoral was issued by Bishop Edyn do n calling upon

the abbots , priors, chaplains of chantries and colleges ,

V t o rectors of parishes , icars and parochial chaplains, observe days of hu miliation and exhorting them to put earnestly before their people the seriou sness of the cir c u mstan c s o ffi c ial e . This mandate is no mere direction,

’ but the exceptional and pathetic vigou r of the Bishop s language shows that the terrible news of the Black Death fi st e 1 1 2 n QEri me e of th 9 m . 7 had stamped itself on his mind The Papal Rolls record in 1 349 a special permission to certain citizens

s to choose confe sors , who shall give them, being peni tent, plenary remission at the hour of death, with the

” " usual safeguards . Amongst those included in the per

h e rte sai z mission are Robert of C , a citi en of Winchester,

Ch e rt e sai and Benedict of , a monk of Winchester, who was a few months later one of the electors of the new ” Abbot of Westminster.

The year 1 3 5 0 was o b served in Rome as a J u bilee . The principal reason for the observance was a falling off

u a e fic ie n c in f nds, and the me ns taken to supply the d y “ ” was to proclaim a general indulgence . Benedict of

b u t Chertsey wished to avail himself of the privilege , fearing he might not be allowed leave of absence, he left his monastery secretly, and to avoid detection adopted

' fi t ual secular attire . The indulgence was evidently e e c “ in securing him from blame 3 his pretext of business at ” the Roman Court seems to have been unquestioned , and he was allowed to resume his offi c e as claustral

Prior of Westminster .

1 6 1 v In 3 , William de Cly e became Abbot, but nothing worthy of note is recorded of him . The Bishop who succeeded Edyn do n was the famous — William of Wykeham , whose energy like that of — R ut h e rwyk has left abundant memorials in script 1 2 8 (Ehertsep fi bhep

Ed n do n and stone . y was doubtless too deeply con cerned with the exceptionally grave considerations n e c e ssitat e d by the Black Death to give the leisure to the

I usual posting up of diocesan records . No register is extant dealing with parochial appointments during the twenty years of his episcopacy 3 it may not have been kept, or it may have been lost as reported 3 but we know that his best attention was given to the higher interests

’

. I of his diocesan charge n Wykeham s Register, how

u ever, we get f llest details of the incidents of both

Abbey and parochial life in Chertsey and elsewhere . “ 1 68 V In 3 , the icar of Chertsey being incapacitated from the due performance of his duties, was admonished ” - c o . to appoint a adjutor But the illness proved mortal , and John Parker succeeded to his duties .

I 1 0 U n 3 5 , John de sk was elected Abbot, and a detailed narration is given of the whole of the “ cere ” - . On 1 monies September 9 the Abbot elect , the prior, and the convent (represented by their proctors) appeared before the Bishop in the private chapel

Hi h c le rc c e r tific at e of g , and produced a that proclama tion had been duly made for Opposers, but none had come 3 whereupon the Bishop after inquiring into l t the merits of the e ection , ordered the parties o appear

c n fir min the next day, when he gave sentence o g the

n election . O the following Sunday he pronounced th e

1 3 0 fi ht rtst’y fi bb t p

tenures, and in divers assemblies have mutually con federated and bound themselves, by oath, to resist him —at and his ministers Chobham , Thorpe and Egham .

It is evident there was a spirit of rebellion abroad , which was readily in flame d when in 1 38 1 Wat Tyler posed ff as the champion of their libert ies . The disa ection spread

r through Surrey amongst other counties . Parochial o g an isat ion s received the utmost attenti on from Bishop

Wykeham , whose numerous activities did not interfere

with his making septennial visitations to his Deaneries ,

' b e n e fic e d un b e n e fic e d all the clergy, both and , being cited to appear before him 3 one of these was remark able for special attention being directed to the necessity

n fir i n of childr en being prepared for c o mat o . The notices

“ of Ordinations in 1 3 8 7 include the appointment to R a V Chertsey of ich rd Rason , who remained as icar for w “ t elve years, when under commission to the Bishop ” of Chichester he exchan ged with Ralph Hyke do n

’

V . a S . I then ic r of Peter s, Lewes t was during

’ H ke d n s y o incumbency, and towards the close of

’ Wykeham s episcopacy that the Chertsey living b e “ ” 1 0 2 came augmented in its endowment . In 4 , an V enactment of Henry IV . ensured that icars should be

de fin it e assigned a income and, moreover, should be m selected not from the onastery, but from the secular

clergy . Previously the spiritu al needs of the town had g s e m 1 1 it ( Eri tene e of the fi . 3

been ministered to by a monk of the Abbey, selected by h the Abbot and remunerated by him as he t ought fit .

Accordingly, when the Bishop made his investigation , it was found that the principal income of the Vicar con sisted in the oblations (or off ertories) at the Masses and confessions at the parish church , and at the second H Masses in the Abbey for parishioners . e was allowed

’ to dine at the Abbot s table on the Festival days , also on three days in Lent and four days in Rogation week .

He had a rent- free mansion with its curtilage and “ ” occasional bequests from last wills, but the Epis copal Rights and other incumbrances were such ,that ) the vicar could not conveniently meet them . The augmentation consisted principally of tithes all and every sort of personal tithes arising from work ing Art ific e rs and Merchandises of the Parishioners of

fi sh in s the Church, and tithe of g of such parishioners

fi sh wheresoever they in the Thames, and in the Wey, A (the bbey streams and ponds excepted) , and the tithe l of mi k, cream, cheese, butter, eggs, pigeons, and the

flax moiety of the tithe of geese, honey, , hemp, apples,

e pears, h rbs, onions , garlic , and of all other things ” tithable . a This is interesting, not only as showing in what m nner V ’ the icar s tithes became an essential part of his income, but also what were the productions of the district .

2 K 2 1 2 S 3 flhert ey g bb ep .

The augmentation of the living was ratifie d by the

- e A C ulve rdo n newly appoint d bbot, Thomas de , who

1 0 He U 0 . succeeded John de sk in 4 was elected , his

c on firme d a election , the hands of the Bishop l id upon

‘ sole mn b e n e dic tion h him in , and he subscribed is pro fe ssio n and oath of obedience . His profession took this “ rm z— I fo , Thomas , elected by the monastery of

Chertsey, according to rule, and in the same manner as my predecessors, do subject myself canonically to thee , F m revered ather, Bishop Willia of the holy church of

o u u . Winchester, to y and to yo r successors I promise

h I c o n fir m obedience in all t ings set forth , and the same ” A by my own hand and seal . t the conclusion of the a mass which followed, after the Abbot had silently t ken h the most holy Gospels, e swore to observe faithfully that

h was hi s w ich prescribed in oath of obedience, according H to the usual form . is testimonial having been pre sented to the Bishop, mandates were issued to the Prior and convent to render hi m obedience and to instal

’ him in the Abbot s chair . The temporalities were secured to him a few months later . During the following year the Archbishop of Canter bury authorised a commission for the inspection of the A I muniments of the bbey . ts possessions , as thus a h h an d scertained , were the Paris C urches of Chertsey h h Eg am, the C apels of Thorpe, Chobham, Great

1 fi n QEristen t e of the fi at . 3 5

H Bookham , Epsom , and orley. Pensions from the churches of Ewell, Compton , Ash, Weybridge , Cobham , an V d Bisley, as well as from the icarages of Epsom and

Chobham, from the Prior of Merton and the Rectors of

Esher and Chipstead . Besides these were perceptions

t Fe t c ham h . of por ions of tithes in , Cob am , and Coulsdon A notice of Pyrc ro ft occ urs in the Cartulary of this

’ . H S . ar date This is an estate near Anne s ill, still be ing the same designation . Dickens has described the

' li e r f house in his O v Twzs .

Chertsey was now needing another bridge, and made a pplication to Henry IV. for a licence, which was granted .

The Patent states that the King, considering the no small damage and grievance which his liege subjects at Chert sey and the parts adjacent there resorting, had met with and sustained through want of a certain bridge over the water of Re de wyn d near the said town of Chertsey ’ ’ — oé defe ctum c uj usaam p on tzs for the reverence of God granted and gave licence to his said liege men of the h same town and parts adjacent, that t ey might make and build a bridge at their own costs for the succour h and safety of people t ere in future resorting, willing that h is said liege men should not be sued, disquieted , h molested , or charged in any manner by the King or is

' t h f h B ailifis heirs, Jus ices , Esc eators , Sheri fs , or ot er or

ffic e rs h O of the King or his successors , and that t e said 1 3 6 QIherte ep flhb ey bridge should be named of the King ’s foundation and ” not of the foundation of any other person . Manning makes this note on the above A doubt has been suggested whether the words oh defectum

’ c uju sdam ponti s do not imply the decay of a bridge I formerly there, but understand it in the manner above translated, and the concluding words seem to import an ” entire new foundation .

’ If the record of Ruth e rwyk s Acts had not expressly mentioned his building the stone bridge at the Steven ton end of Guildford Street and ‘ supplementing that by numerous small path - bridges at the main entrance to the town , we should undoubtedly have supposed this to be

’ the locality in which to look for the Re de wyn d King s ” Bridge , more especially as remains of a bridge formerly there have been dug up and are in preservation by a

Chertsey householder .

There are two other directions in which non - Chertsey ites from the parts adjacent there resorting must have met with great inconvenience from the lack of a bridge,

Fordwat e r one at , although it might not have been alto if gether necessary there , as suggested, the Ferry was already a permanent institution in that locality . Another an d more probable site would have been near

Tw n e r sh . y , on the road leading into the town from Thorpe

I n this case, it might have occupied the position of the

1 38 E( het tsep ab b ey

’ The Latin word fizr za and the English ferry would almost seem to have become mixed up here, for the entry suggests the similar one of 1 34 3 which secured ” the Ferry of Re de wyn de to William de Alt e c ar for

. I life t is not easy to come to a satisfactory conclusion , t i h or to ascer a n whet er, after all, the license was taken f a . advant ge o , and the Bridge actually built

fift e n th About this time, the beginning of the e t Al ’ cen ury, we meet with mention of the m ners Barn

’ Farm on the Lyne side of S . Anne s Hill . This farm of over 2 00 acres was occupied at this time by the

Wa sh o tt p family, of whom it has been said that they had “ continued to cultivate the same spot of earth from ge neration to generation ever since the reign of Alfred , by whom the farm in which they lived was gr anted to

” ’ in Wa n Wa sh ot t A . Regi ald p , K g lfred s bowman The p shott lands are mentioned in yet earlier charters as one of the Chobham boundaries of the Abbey territory . The name Alm’ ners marks out the estate as being at

fift e e n th some time, probably from the century, the residence of the Abbey almoner . His duties are de

c on fin e d fi n e d as not to distributing alms , but he was

- w to visit all the aged, blind, or bed ridden poor ithin a reasonable distance, and to make the most solicitous

r inquiry th ough some trustworthy servant, as to the cases ” r of illness and in fi mity in the neighbourhood . 1 g it ( Eristen t e of§the fi ast . 3 9

Amp n e rsb arn s is the form under which this estate

a in is rum I I I . ppears in the Comput. M tro of Henry V H V In the year of Agincourt, enry . was in treaty with the Chertsey Abbot to obtain possession of the manor of

P t rish m h e a . T is was conveniently near the Royal estates in and around Richmond , but it had belonged to

Chertsey since the early Saxon days . The negotiations resulted in the exchange of the Petersham Manor and the advowson of Ewell, for the appropriation of the Church

an of Stanwell in Middlesex . Stanwell served again as ecclesiastical shuttlecock 1 2 0 years later (at the dissolu tion of the Abbey) , when it was found politic to make various ar rangements by which exchanges that sounded fair and reasonable resulted in the richest of the Chertsey

’ possessions being ultimately reserved for the King s use , after several previous transfers had been made . C HAPTER X I II

LEGEND OF THE CURFEW BELL

THE H e rmon de sw rt h Abbacy of John de e , who suc c e 1 1 e de d in 4 9, lasted for forty years, which goes to A — prove that these bbots were a hardy and long lived race, for there were no fewer than six within this period of 7 5 0 years whose tenure of offic e reached an approximate

k n wal W lf l . Er e d u wo d length , , Alan, Bartholomew, Ruth e rwyk and H e rmon de swe rt h make up a list of ‘ worthies whose record is pleasant to keep in memory . . Most certainly they are not representatives of the Robin — — Hood conception of the class convivial, ease loving , se lfish , eager only for wealth, and dead to any sense of religious responsibility . The varied interests, the active outdoor pursuits, in change with the sedentary business of the Court and Cloister made up the details of a h h . ealt y, vigorous life It is true that with the exception of Erk e n wald an d

1 2 4 Gher tzep g bb ep .

A ’ (S . nne s) hill of Chertsey would take a day as long as ” that of its own black cherry fair .

I 1 6 th n 44 , on June 7 , the metes and bounds of the Hundred were walked and surveyed by John H e rmon de s ” th e werth, Abbot . It may be worth noting that original “ ” sense of a perambulation sign ifie d a path through a

Thomas An g e wyn succeeded He rmon de swe rth in

1 4 59. Three years later a charge was made against him

r of having committed g eat dilapidations . The Bishop , on receiving the complaint, issued a mandate to one of the Winchester monks, a Doctor of Divinity, William

an d Wroughton , to inquire, determine, proceed accord in l An n g y . g e wy resigned , and the Convent gave the

f ' o . election over into the hands the Bishop Wroughton , the adjudicator, was chosen , but he gave even less satis

a 1 6 faction th n his predecessor, so that in 4 4 Wroughton

w n r - was deprived and An g e y e elected . The Wars of the Roses were now disturbing the country, and Chertsey has a famous legend associated

fifth n with this period . The bell now ha ging in the belfry of the Parish Church is said to have been removed there from the Abbey . I t has an inscription round its base in q uaint Lombardic characters : Ora pro nobis pia mente O Virgo Maria The legend connected with this bell, and popularly known from the poem Curfew B kin d e m ssion of Mx . W Sille nc e . y p r i C. .

A B B EY B ELL.

14 6 di hertsey flhb ep

for n was lost the Lancastria s, and Neville hoped to

u escape to France, but co ld not bring himself to leave the country without taking farewell of his beloved

H e Blanche Heriot . made a detour to Chertsey for

was this purpose, but recognised by some of King

’ Edward s fervid partisans .

u H e secu red his perilo s interview . In such a leave taking an hour seemed but as a few minutes, and tracked

su c by his foes , breathless and spent, Neville only just c a e e de d in g ining the Abbey Sanctuary . But even that

An holy refuge was denied him . entrance was forced, and the Abbot could not withstand the h erce determina

. A tion of the bloodthirsty mob hasty council was held , and the unfortunate Neville was sentenced to be executed within 2 4 hours . His Chertsey friends took immediate counsel how to save him .

H e u Neville had one great hope . had previo sly w shared with his uncle, the great War ick , the enjoyment

s of Royal favour, and was the happy possessor of a tali H man . e felt no doubt that if this ring could only reach the King, he need not fear .

n His great friend , a young doctor, willi gly undertook

o ff the mission , and set for Windsor in the early morning hours c o n fide n tly expecting to return in ample time to circumvent the success of the maliciou s plot . But the

u o n ho rs wore , noon passed , day faded 3 the evening 1 fi n QEristen t e of the fi aSt . 4 7

t shades fell, and it wanted but a few minutes to the fa al

u ho r . Blanche Heriot had feverishly watched for any

n u in sig of ret rn , hoping against hope , when she was formed that the riders were j u st crossing the Laleham

Ferry .

With the Abbey meadows still to traverse, there was the awful fear lest the jou rney should have been all in

vain or the pardon might arrive too late .

u Seized with a s dden inspiration she made her way . into the Abbey tower just before the ringer of the Curfew

was expected . To delay the bell as long as possible ,

fi rst Blanche , having mounted the ladder, threw it down , and continued that process until she reached the b ell .

Then , catching hold of its clapper, she clung to it with a fi rm clutch as it began to sway with a pull of the ropes below . To ascertain what was wrong with the

’ bell delayed the ringer suffic ie n tly to enable Neville s

’ rescuer .to produce the King s pardon and nullify the ghastly preparations which awaited the 8 o ’ clock signal for completion .

We can well believe that some su bstratum of fact

u underlies this tradition , which has s rvived so many generations . Two distinguished personages were interred in the

b 1 1 1 Ab ey in 4 7 and 4 7 4 respectively . The latter was a the Const ble of Windsor Castle , Baron Berners , a

L 2 1 48 (Etherwep g bhep

Knight of the Garter and possessor of an estate in West H Horsley . e had been a donor to Chertsey Abbey of a silver cross and other articles valued at £ 4 0 . (Modern

u u val ation , pwards of His funeral we may well imagine was conducted with all ceremonious pomp and honour, forming a great contrast to that of his erstwhile

- u Royal Master, the ill fated Henry VI . , whose obseq ies

b ut were celebrated in the same Abbey, not to the noise of the mourning of a mighty nation . Various accounts are naturally given of the tragic close of the life of the gentle King who was so u n fit t e d for the sanguinary c o n flic t s of his reign . Leland relates how King Edward went to London wi th men on

z r st the day of May, and near midnight King Henry

’

S . was put to death , on the morrow taken to Paul s

c offin s Church in a , where he lay with face expo ed to view ; then he was carried to Blackfriars, placed in a boat, taken to Chertsey Abbey, and there buried in our ” Lady Chapel . Another writer says : “ The body of this unfortunate

S . king was taken , with some show of funeral rites , to

’ u i Pa l s Church , where it was exposed to public view w th

’ u face ncovered . From thence carried to Black Friar s

u - Ch rch where , being laid bare faced as before , it bled afresh to the great amazement of the sorrowful spectators who looked upon it as a miraculous way of demanding

1 5 0 (flihertsep g bb t p :

A number of copies of the Abbey Seals belonging to this period are preserved , and can be seen in the British Museu m attached to parchments which bear the names of John May and the three succeeding Abbots ,

P c ot Thomas y , John Parker, and John Cordrey . The

'

fi u r ifl r . g e s are not at all distinct, and the impressions d e One has a representation of the Abbey above the central fig ure of the Abbot ; another shows a Saint with halo above the head, and hands raised and extended . Abbot May was indicted in 1 4 7 6 for failing to keep in repair one of the Egham bridges . The principal bridge between Staines and Egham had a short time before been kept in repair by a special grant allowed to the town for Pontage by the Crown . Now that the Harps ford bridge had become dilapidated the Egham towns people expected similar help from the Abbey, but it was ruled that the Chertsey Abbots were not responsible . This decision seems to have fi n ally settled the question that had been previously raised on more than one occasion . — ' The low - lying Egham hythe had sufle re d m uch from inundations , and a causeway had been made there in the early part of the reign of Henry III . This had been the work of an Oxford merchant, who had met with so muc h hindrance at this part of the route in the conveyance o f h is wool to the London market, that at his own cost he 1 1 g it «Eristme e of the fiast . 5 raised a bank a mile in length between Staines Bridge and Egham Hill . The moor had been previously

t rafii c b ut impracticable for during the winter months ,

fi r was now converted into a m highway . The Chertsey Abbots had so m u ch appreciated the protection this afforded to their property that Ruther wyk, for one, had willingly kept it in good condition , but in the time of his immediate successors attempts to fix the repairs on the Abbey had been resisted, and Ruther wyk’ s precedent was allowed to have been an act of grace . CHAPTER X IV

D I S SOLUT I ON OF THE A BBEY

T HE sixteenth century Opened upon peace and joy in “ ” . . and England Henry VII , the keen calculating monarch, had concluded diplomatic relations with Spain , and arranged for the marriage of his eldest son with the daughter of Fe rdin an d and Isabella . For thirteen years Catherine had been the titular Princess of Wales ”

her name, her rosy cheek, her light blue eye, reminded I Y people of her English blood . n orkist eyes she was an

English princess . Her career may be thought to have little to do with Chertsey history, but she would almost

’ seem to have taken Chertsey s first Abbot as her patron

’ saint . Hepworth Dixon s references to this are worthy

. i of notice Elate w th joy, and tasting of a freedom she had never known in Spain , the Princess rode to Chertsey

— A Erke n wald Abbey on the Thames , the bbey built by , the famous Saxon saint, who was to be so much with

t 1 54 flht rt Sey g bb p .

singers , and a press of peers and knights , to the great

- the n altar steps, where all compa y knelt down before

’ Erke n w d s S . al tomb, No match of English prince ” had ever seemed more pleasing to the popular heart . “ One more in cident : Arthur stayed behind with priests and lawyers to complete the act of settlement . Before

Erk n wal d ar S . e d an the alt and the ashes of , with peers

n k ights for witnesses , he settled on his bride a third part of his goods and rents . His act was then proclaimed by heralds, on which the citizens rent the welkin with their

’ u sho ts . Prince Arthur s marriage was an act of peace , and no event since Henry was united to Elizabeth of Y ork had pleased the English folk so highly as the match ” with Spain .

The Chertsey Abbot at this time was Thomas Pigot,

P c o t or more properly y , according to his signature on

H e 1 parchments . succeeded in 4 7 9, and his name is found in the list of the Rectors of Weybridge, the advowson of that living having been re - pu rchased from the

1 0 H Augustinian Priors of Newark in 4 5 . e was pro

1 0 il moted to the Bishopric of Bangor in 5 3 , st l retaining hi s Chertsey Abbacy, but his episcopate lasted only one year .

’ It may have been owing to Pyc ot s connection with this Welsh diocese that some succeeding Vicars of

u Chertsey were also Welsh , at least, j dging by their

1 5 8 (EthertSep fi lli ng : equ ivalent to abou t or per annu m of our present money) . A document was drawn up

u n u a with legal precision , and fo rteen sig at res were p

u pended in addition to that of the Abbey . Gasq et remarks that this was the first docu ment of the kind thus drafted . In the Act for the Dissolution of the Greater Religiou s

’ Hou ses we have the King s version of the spontaneous “ nature of th ese surrenders . Whereas divers and s undry Abbots, Priors and Ecclesiastical Governors

' o f their own free wills, and voluntary minds ,

s c o - goodwills and assent , without constraint, action or

u comp lsion have voluntarily given to the King, for ever, their said several Houses under their Convent Seal,

re with the sites and revenues , and the same having n oun c e d u , left, and forsaken their sites, circ its, and precincts of the same , and all their manors, lordships ,

u granges, lands , tenements , woods , ch rches , chapels , advowsons , patronages liberties , privileges , fran c hise s the King shall hold and enjoy all the said

r Hou ses which have been dissolved since Fe b ru a y 4 . “ Anno Regni 2 7 .

This testimony of Henry VIII . as to the goodwill and absence of constraint with which the Dissolution was effected m u st be read in conj unction with the reports of

u the Commissioners , who were invested with f ll authority fi n QErist ent e of the 1 5 9

to visit the monasteries and inspect the way in which

they were conducted . It is well known that in consequence of these reports a strong conviction has prevailed to the pre sent day that

u - these Religious Ho ses were hot beds of iniquity . The “ ” stern pressure of historic facts establishes the cer

’ tainty that Cromwell s su bordinates brought un justifi able charges in wholesale fashion against the monastic

fraternity .

As regards Chertsey Abbey, the King was known to

it s h e ad have had an intimate acquaintance both with , and with its revenues . Its prosperous condition and wealthy appanages appealed only too strongly to his cupidity, therefore it was necessary that it should be shown that its fair character was solely in outward

seeming . A Accordingly the Commissioners Legh and p Rice, accompanied by liveried attendants , appeared with all pomposity at the Abbey gates , conducted their inquisi

t - h to ial survey in high anded fashion , and on the strength

o ffi c iall u of that brief inspection , y reported and p blished to posterity that the Chertsey Abbey contained the ” s foule t set of monks in the kingdom . This general statement was backed up by sp e c ific accusations of — — immorality more or less gross against thirteen o u t

fift e e n of the members . Its value may be judged of 1 6 0 (Eht rt St p g bb t p when compared with the reports of the Bishop of

Winchester, whose careful periodical visitations, carried on for a period of eighteen years , may be supposed to

u have enabled him to give a reliable j dgment . Writing to his friend Wolsey in 1 5 2 1 Bishop Fox joyfully ex pressed his approval of the Cardinal ’ s scheme for the reformation of the clergy throughout the two provinces , H and his desire to do his part towards the same end . e stated that he had given his whole mind to the subject t h during e previous three years, and had found the clergy, particularly the monks, so corrupted by the licence of f the times , that he had almost despaired of e fecting any perfect reformation .

1 2 8 In January, 5 , however, after a wider experience of his diocese and careful visiting , he is able to write in a ff very di erent strain , and assures Wolsey that he had never had occasion to deprive anyone, and that there was as little known crime in his , as in any diocese in the realm . The action of Henry on the receipt from the Com missioners of the Chertsey Report showed his hand

H e plainly . accepted the statements made and demanded the surrender of a House to which he had shown himself

- — - well disposed a friendly visitor and would b e bene

in factor . The amount of credence he gave to the v e n tio n s of Legh was evidenced by the kindness and

1 6 2 fi hertsep fi hhep

Chertsey in Su rrey was surrendered by John Cordrey and fourteen monks. Instead of being dispersed into the

an d s world , they the possessions of their hou e were

e translat d to the Abbey of Bisham in Berks , which had

been surrendered the year before by the commendator,

’

u S . r e the notorio s Barlow, Bishop of David s , and

i u founded by the Kin g . Th s new Royal fo ndati on was

S . for an Abbot and thirteen monks of Benedict, the

Order most venerable in England . To form the ample

n patrimony, the Ki g generously added to the lands of

Chertsey those of the little Priories of Cardigan , Beth

k e le rt An k e rw ke , y , Little Marlow, and Medmenham (which had fallen to him under the Act about the little

r hou ses) . The translated Abbot Cord ey retained the l privilege of the mitre, and the whole estab ishment lasted —nearly a year

D . r Layton , who was engaged in the work of sup

pression , wrote to Cromwell a few days after Bisham was

reoccupied, describing the condition of the monks and

’ the provision made for them . This is quoted from Ellis s “ ’ Original Letters in Gasquet s Dissoluti on of Me

r M on aste ie s. The monks are described as so poverty stricken that the only conclusion to arrive at was that the

r omise d endowment had simply been p . The poor monks derived little b e n e fit from the elaborate arrangements

made by the King for their welfare . 1 6 fi n QEriSt ene e of the $ast . 3

u i Chertsey Abbey, being den ded of its Abbot, Pr or, and monks , seems to have been made use of by the ' d r d fl u Pr a r u E wa d VI . an e Reformers . In Gasq et s y B ook he mentions two very important pu rposes for which “ h dific e . n t the venerable e was utilised O the 9 September,

’

1 8 r S . 54 , Ferrar was there consec ated Bishop of David s

n by Cra mer, assisted by Holbeach of Lincoln and Ridley of Rochester . The other was no less than the compila

first I . tion of the Prayer Book of Edward V , in connection with which meetings were held at Windsor, but also at

” ’ ’ ' Gr e Fmar s /zr omc /e - a Chertsey . The y C refers to pro

1 8 n clamation of September, 54 , inhibiting all preachi g

t u un il the Co ncil had determined the things in hand , and “ con tinu es for at that time divers of the Bishops sat at Chertsey Abbey for some time for divers matters of the ” u King and Co ncil . The French ambassador writes “ from Streatham to his sovereign ' To make some settlement a certai n n u mber of bishops and doctors are

' ourt c alle d gathered at a place near the C Chertsey, where they are to determine what is to be held in this kingdom ” u abo t the mass and the Sacrament of the altar . It must have been about a century later when the buildings were utterly destroyed ; it would seem that a band of fanatical Puritans made a wanton and deter

u mined attack upon the convent al buildings, but no certain information seems to be available . Aubrey,

M 2 1 64 Qlihertsep abb ey

writing in the seventeenth century, speaks of the ruined condition of the Abbey as if it had been a recent con

n summation , scarcely anythi g remaining except the outer walls . “ The ordinance of 1 64 3 enacting that all monu ments of superstition or idolatry should be removed or abol ish e d was a great encouragement to deeds of violence, and Winchester Cathedral, amongst many others, was at i th s time attacked , its sculptures defaced , its coloured glass windows smashed and the Cathedral itself dese crated . “ Again, seven years later, we read of the military saints carrying their crusade against any outward forms

- o n - of religion into the parish of Walton Thames, and — there in the chu rchyard sin ce they were compulsorily kept from the church— declaiming against the observance of the Sabbath as Jewish and ceremonial, and deliber ately burning the Bible in the midst of those present . These were the men who we could well imagine would

— t uk l not hesitate to show as Dr . S e y emphatically expresses it so inveterate a rage against even the least appearance (o f the Abbey) as if they meant to ” defeat even the inherent sanctity of the ground . One survival remained to the old town— the Curfew

Bell . That was probably transferred to the Parish Church

o r on the dissolution , , it may have been left in its old tower

CONCLUSION

THE A BBEY T I LES

No records of Chertsey Abbey would be complete without a reference to the famous encaustic tiles which

an d formed the pavement of its sanctuary, which were

' brought to light from the accumulated débr zs of its ruins

u d ring the middle part of the nineteenth century .

i n Their recovery, restoration, and arrangement are t imat e ly associated with the name of Manwaring Shur lock , who has published a collection of draw

fin d ings with a description of these tiles , many of which a place in the British Museum .

u 1 2 The date of their man facture is assigned to 7 5 , and of them Mr . Shurlock writes It appears from the excellence of the manufacture , the quality of the remains, and the beauty of the designs that the cul min at in g point of excellence and popularity (o f encaustic tiles generally) was reached during the thirteenth century .

u t Examples have been fo nd in all par s of England , but o e 1 6 fi n QEIiSten t e f th fi ast . 7 the most admirable in point of manu facture are those of

u fi ur Chertsey Abbey, and the amo nt of decorative g e drawing also stamps these as uniqu e .

’ fi rst u Mr . Shurlock s acquaintance with enca stic tile fl ooring was in connection with the Eynsham Abbey,

is near Oxford , where some good specimens had been d

u u covered in the co rse of some excavations . St dying

r these with a critical eye M . Shurlock found the subject one of great interest and devoted himself to Ceramic Art with enthusiasm .

A 1 8 un little later, on coming to Chertsey in 5 3 , an

fi l was expected e d opened up to him . His new residence was almost within a stone ’s throw

u of the old Abbey site, where some b ilding operations were being carried on by a recent purchaser of the property . Heaps of rubbish had been dug out in

s preparing the foundations , and amongst the e the practi sed eye of the antiquarian readily perceived

u . numero s fragments of tiles These, having been origin

fl n ally laid upon a bed of concrete, had formed the oori g of the Abbey 3 the mutilated remains were at once recog

n M r u n ise d as being well worth preservi g, and . Sh rlock found their designs were far s uperior to any he had previously seen . They were submitted to experts , and further researches were entered upon .

1 86 1 In a faculty was obtained , and the whole of the 1 68 i e mn dhert S p fi li g .

foundation walls of the Abbey, the Church, and the

Chapter House were exposed to view . Some stone

ffin u n e l r . c o s o . M were fo nd , nearly fu l of tiles Shurlock set himself to determine the subject of the figu re

drawings and the decipherment of the inscriptions , but the fragmen tary portions were often so exceedingly small

u as to make it a very tedio s task .

’ - S . Anne s Hill, on the north west side of Chertsey, had been an appanage of the Abbey from the fou rteenth centu ry ; it had come into the possession of Charles James Fox and the Holland family at the end of the

flo o r u eighteenth century . The of a s mmer house on

s u this e tate s pplied more of these tiles, some patterns “ being formed of exceedi n gly small pieces resembling

— of mosaic work . Other tiles the same manufacture

u were found in vario s parts of the country, having

possibly been carried off by monks , as relics , after the

dissolution of their Abbey .

’ s u ffi i n M r . Shurlock s enthu iasm was s c e t to speed “ ” him to an y locality from which fin ds of tiles were

- announced , and at Hales Owen , near Birmingham , he

u u obtained his cl e to reliable ded ctions . Some tiles were discovered bearing the same designs as some of the historiated Chertsey tiles ” Pieces

fitt e d found there in with Chertsey fragments, proving

both to have been made from the same stamps .

Q st en e of t e a 1 1 g t! Eri e h fi zt . 7

’ u M r . Sh rlock s opinions on the subject are detailed

- in a description of an excellently preserved medallion ,

Nic h olas - representing the Abbot of Hales Owen , made ” u H e i s as a single tile in fo r quarters . s tated by the inscription to have laid the pavement in honour of the ” Mother of Christ .

I . This Abbot was living in the reign of Henry II , and

1 2 8 . died in 9 The pavement, therefore, was probably

n I laid in the begi ning of the reign of Edward . , and thus we get a clue to the date of the manufacture of the tiles .

It seems likely that Abbot Nicholas , wishing to pave

u his Abbey Ch rch , and having perhaps seen or heard of the pavement at Chertsey, thence obtained as many of

s u the stamp as he co ld, and that from them and other stamps obtained elsewhere, and from some cut on

- purpose , he had the Hales Owen tiles made, probably

n somewhere in the neighbourhood . O this supposition it is possible that the Chertsey pavement was laid down

- u some years earlier than that at Hales Owen , and th s the later character of some of the designs from the latter ” ° “ u M r . u place is acco nted for . Sh rlock adds That i i some of those tiles, which I mag ne to have been made

- c o ie d s specially for Hales Owen , were p from Chertsey i

ce r tai n .

u i Little Kimble Church, B cks, possesses tiles de n t ifie d as having come from Chertsey . They were laid in front 1 7 2 flher t fiep abb ey

u 1 2 of the altar on the restoration of the ch rch in 8 7 . Nearly one hundred years earlier a collection of Chertsey

r Wi h twic k o i tiles had been exhibited by M . g ( Sand

— a u gates , Chertsey ho se that had been erected of stone from the ruins of the Abbey) at a meetin g of the Royal

u u Antiq arian Society. From alterations in old b ildings

u and from dredgings in the Thames Mr . Sh rlock

obtained many other specimens .

From the miscellaneous collection M r . Shurlock was

u u enabled to make , he g ro ped s bjects as far as possible “ u fi ur and made drawings . His list incl des g e d medal lions , designs representing the seasons, the labours of the months , the signs of the zodiac, and chimerical animals , numerous border tiles , and rectangular tiles

” fi ure s stamped with geometrical g of elaborate design . A description of these representative tiles was given

Mr u B u ild” u 2 by . William B rges in the of J ly 4 , —“ 1 8 5 8 The material is a reddish clay with the in

fille d - dented pattern in with a white clay, a gold coloured

n varnish bei g spread over the whole upper surface . The

u u am red gro nd also freq ently becomes black , but I unable to say whether it is owing to a metallic oxide being mixed with the clay, or to some arrangements in

- . b e the baking However this may , the tiles with the black ground formed a very pleasi n g contrast with those with a red ground , and of course were counterchanged

1 74 (Ehertsep abb ey

The su bject does not commend itself to modern min ds as by any means suitable for the decoration of tiles in

t h e u tended for the pavement of a church , but partic lar version selected has not all the objectionable featu res associated with the name .

’ ' Cox and Jones s Pop ular R oman c e s of flu: M dd/e

A e s g give the story pictorially represented on the tiles , and in the preface Sir George Cox states he was “ pre senting the old romances in a form which retained their old vigour without the repulsive characteristics imposed at on them by a compar ively rude and ignorant age, and “ u — it u Mr . Sh rlock adds m st be admitted that the character of Tristrem as related by him is very much ” improved in morality . That Tristrem actually flo urish e d d u ring the stormy independence of Cornwall , and experienced some of those adventures which have been so long the subject of the bard and the minstrel , may, I think , be admitted without

’ M ar i e d r t/zu r . A incurring the charge of credulity In the ,

fi r st compiled by Sir Thomas Mallory, the edition of

first which was printed by William Caxton , our English

1 8 printer, at Westminster in 4 5 , the story of Tristrem is incorporated with the history of King Arthu r and the

’ Knights of the Round Table? Ah illustration from Coeu r de Lion and one from Tristrem have been added to those already shown in the British Museum . fi n «Eristmce of the 1 7 5

h owe ve rr This , , has nothing in common with that i ” “ illustrated by the t les , and Society must have been far lower than our own in morals if the recitation of the original poem could be listened to without re

u n n p g a c e . The reproduction of the coloured tiles and the in

r formati on M . Shurlock had been able to glean con

r 1 88 ce ning them , were published in 5 in a book , folio

i u . size, w th f ll page plates

The frontispiece is a triptych , composed of twelve

8 u tiles, inches sq are, which may be seen on the wall of

u the Ceramic Gallery of the British Muse m . “ These tiles represent a series of niches flan ke d by panelled buttresses , and crocketed pinnacles, and sur

u mo nted by foliated canopies, in which the ogee arch ” occurs . The central fig ure represents a queen bearing a squirrel in her left hand and a sceptre in her right ; a

n vine branch spreads itself at her feet . O her left is an

u o n tific als archbishop in f ll p , wearing his mitre and holding his crozier with his left hand, while his right

in hand is raised the act of benediction . The right hand fig ure is that of a king ; he wears a

- crown and jewelled brooch, and holds a palm bran ch

in sceptre his right hand . Crouching fig ure s lie at the o feet of b th the king and archbishop . 1 7 6 «Ihertsep g hhep

These tiles were supposed to have formed a reredos,

u u s b ut M r . Sh rlock add ce other opinions that they were “ used for borderings, for these reasons The same design is found in frequ ent repetition 3 the action of the nimbus proves that these are not saintly personages 3 the

fi u re s g are badly drawn , and the artistic characteristics are inferior to most of the tiles, proving them to be of a

” later date .

fillin - in Specimens of g tiles are shown in the book . In one plate they are stamped with a pattern resembling a that on the embroidered mitre of Thomas Becket, to

be seen in the Cathedral at Sens . Other tiles in the possession of private individuals are — of a variety of design an d device showing armorial

s t bearing , architec ural ornamentation , sacred symbols,

u mottoes , monograms and pio s inscriptions . The Chertsey tiles were allowed to occupy the fi rst place amongst English tiles 3 next to them rank those of

the Chapter Houses of Westminster and Salisbury, of

Mr . which Henry Shaw, gave detailed and coloured representations in his Tile Pave me n ts fr om

/ze r lse Abbe 1 8 8 . C y y , published in 5 The tiles varied in size from 1 0 inches square down

2 1 to inches, while some circular ones were only } inches

in diameter .

The generation to which Mr . Shurlock belonged

CH RON OLOGY

D A . .

2 B a t ism of n 5 7 p Ethelbert of Kent Saxon Chro icle . 604 Death of Augustine

6 1 u 9 Mellit s, Archbishop 6 25 Northumbria evangelised

62 u u 7 Pa lin s in Lindsey Bede . 633 Edwin of North umbria overthrown 634 B iri n us arrived in Wessex

6 6 E . 3 Felix , missionary to Anglia 653 Christianity in Mid - Anglia 6 55 Penda of Mercia overthrown V 657 Succession of V ulfhe re 664 Benedi ctin e Abbey at Barking Chertsey

6 Fri t h wald sub - u u 7 3 , reg l s 67 5 B uilding of Chertsey monaste ry P

6 Erk e n wald i 7 7 Visit of to Rome Cotton Reg ster . 8 ’ 67 Pope Agatho s Charter Bede . 686 Charter of Hodildre d 690 Laws of Ine ' 6 S i e b ald 94 g , Abbot W 0 . x 7 5 Daniel , sixth Bishop of Sa ons 74 7 Council of Clo v e sh o o 7 87 Council at Ac le ath (Ockle y) 1 8 0 d het t sep fi hfiep

D A . . ti 794 Charter of O a Birch . 827 Chertsey lands c on firme d ’ 838 Eth e lwulf s Protective Charter

I Iida. 87 1 Danish attacks S . of the Thames Liber de

889 Charter of Alfred the Great Birch . 933 Athelstan

964 Restoration of the Abbey Saxon Chronicle . 96 7 Co n fi rmat o ry Charter S u 1 006 Danish invasion ( o th England) . i 1 0 1 6 Compilat on of Hyde Register .

1 043 Charter of Edward the Con fessor Dugdale . Mitred Abbey J u risdiction

1 066 Devastation of Abbey lands Cotton Register .

1 084 Death of W ulfwold A . S . Chronicle .

1 086 Domesday Book compiled . ’ ’ r 1 08 7 Chertsey s privileges c o n fir me d Rymer s Foe de a.

1 092 Plurali ties of Flambard Annales Monastici .

- 1 I 1 0 Rebuilding of the Abbey minster Saxon Chronicle . I 1 1 6 Embassy to Rome Annales Mon

2 u 1 1 9 Charter for Fair D gdale . 1 1 u i u I 53 (E gen s II , Pope) 1 66 I 1 ( Henry I) 3 u 1 1 7 5 Land purchases by Abbot Aymer Liber S c ac c ar . I 1 1 7 9 Papal inj uncti ons (Alexander II ) Papal Rolls .

u c o n fi rme d I u I 1 89 J risdiction by Richard D gdale .

u u 1 1 97 Ina g ration of Martin Wharton A. S .

n fir mation I I 1 1 98 Co of tithes (Innocent I) Papal Rolls . Manor of Ham granted to de Hamme

u family Excheq er Ledger .

1 202 Purchase of East Clandon .

1 205 Seisin of Hyde Abbey granted . ’ r 1 2 1 7 Magma Charta proclaimed in Surrey Rymer s Foe de a.

1 8 2 (Ethertsep abb ey

D. A . 1 298 Question of presentation by the Pope or the Primate 1 298 Richard atte Quelme pardoned for Death of a Kingston man ’ 1 299 John de Barr g ranted Comyn s Fo r fe it e d estate 1 30 1 Chertsey Abbot indicted for trespass 1 02 u m 1 00 fin e 3 J dg ent , shillings 1 302 Memorial Cross erected in Market

ir n o . place , by S J de Hamme 1 0 f 3 3 Peter de H un t in g e lde . Complaint of trespass and assault 1 304 Purchases of land in Ash 1 305 Notice of payments by the Clerk of the Kitchen 1 307 Enactment against papal exactions

: u u . Plantations Hardwick oaks , So th Excheq er Leig er

B r oun e t t s- Grove , Chobham grove ,

u l - Epsom B ilding Edis Mi l , dove cot ,

and pigsties 3 Fish - ponds and ditches

du i g , banks ra sed Pro fit s of Ewell appropriated

1 — u 308 9 Gift to the Abbey of H rst Mill ,

Chobham by John de Hamme . Lands and rents purchased 50

u per ann . ) Ch rches appropriated 1 3 1 0 Oats an d wheat supplied to

Army Patent Rolls . 1 3 1 1 Abbey patronage exercised by King Gifts from the Abbot to Church of ’ u S . Peter s Excheq er Leiger ‘ 1 8 fi n QEristen ee of the fi ast . 3

Ruth e r wyk appointed sub ~ collector of

papal tithes Patent Rolls . 1 3 1 2 Licenses to Horley and Epsom 1 3 1 3 Court held at Chertsey ’ 1 3 1 5 Abbot pu rchased tenants interest in a fi e ld i e wo r th common , S g g

Tr o t t e swo rth 1 3 1 6 Appointments to , Ewell u an d Horley . Mandat m for tenths ’ 1 3 1 7 Letters of inquiry and ordinations Bishop s Reg ister . 1 320 Appointments to Great Bookham T ro t t e swo rt h and Ewell 1 32 1 Ashe Windmill and sundry Granges

u . b ilt . Chobham Chapel repaired ’ Stephen s Bridge built Excheq uer Ledger . 1 3 22 Tithe composition with Chipstead 1 3 23 New Crozier and Images bought by Abbot 1 324 Gift of Land by Hawisia de Glo u st r c e e Patent Rolls . 1 32 5 Coroner granted for Chertsey 2 1 3 7 Two Chantries founded in Abbey . Chapel of All Saints’ mentioned ” 1 3 28 Papal provision mandate Papal Rolls . 1 2 3 9 n n n 1 0 u 33 Chancels b ilt at Egham and Great Bookham ,

Epsom chancel repaired Exchequer Leiger . 1 1 a n 33 Chertsey Vic rage e dowed . Licence

granted for a road at Walton Patent Rolls . ’ u o n u . 1 334 Chapel b ilt S . Anne s Hill Excheq er Leiger ’ 1 335 Ruth e rwy k s acq uisitions excite j e al onsy 1 336 B e o mo n d estate c o n firme d to Abbey 1 84 (Ethert sep abb ey

A . D.

u 1 337 Land at Ottershaw acq ired Excheq uer Leiger . Grant of manor at Henle (G uildford) 1 8 33 Alienations in mortmain Patent Rolls . 1 339 Oratories at Egham Q ueen Philippa at Chertsey Appointment of ferryman W m . Alte c ar o de , ye man of the chamber

1 1 . B ur h c h e r 34 Grant to Robt de g , Chancellor of England

1 342 Plenary power to Prior in absence 01 Abbot 1 342 The Table on which stands the High

Altar painted Exchequer Ledger . 1 r e 343 Commission Henle manor Patent Rolls . 1 34 5 Grant of Ruth e rwy k lands ’ 1 u V 347 A gmentation of Chobham icarage Bishop s Register . 1 348 White Waltham (Berks) appropriated Patent Rolls . 1 349 Permission to choose Confessors

granted Papal Rolls .

- u 1 370 Fall of the Bell Tower Excheq er Le iger . 1 37 2 Grant of Edward the Black Prince con firme d

' h r b ailifl n o . Th re ss e e 1 37 7 J of Chertsey, of the manor of Stanwell d 1 378 Confe eration of serfs at Chobham ,

an d . Con firmatio n Thorpe , Egham Re de w n d of a Chertsey Charter, y Fair gr anted to John Parker

W m Fo x le 1 380 . , monk of Chertsey, Prior n of Hamele i the Rys . His estate

c o n firm e d

u u 1 38 1 Ins rrection . Co rt Rolls destroyed

1 8 . E rk n wald 3 6 Commemoration of S e Christian Biography .

N OTES

’ “ r t Pop e Ag at /zo s Cha e r . Though papal grants of exemption from episcopal control purporting to belong

u to early times are , as a r le , to be regarded with u B isc o s spicion , Benedict p certainly obtained a grant from Agatho renderin g his monastery free from all ” external interference .

r t /z Clear t e r of A lf e d e Gr e at . The grant of lands

B lan d forming the Abbey territory is expressly called oc , a po ssession of land that c an prod uce the boo k

(boc) or charter by which it is created . M i t r ed Abbey

i u u S ac . The priv lege of holding co rts , trying ca ses an d imposing fin e s.

u di . S oc . The area of j ris ction u S ac aw u r tlw. A thority to exercise discretion in ai u u u accepting b l , or f ll a thority of j dging . d t am u r i Tall an e . C stoms and oyalt es .

F le mm r e omtlze . u y Privilege of sheltering f gitives .

' fie o r e t br uc fie lwm é I n an n t so ne . f g z f , g , and Power to

r an d u arrest for la ceny , breach of the peace , b rglary .

’ t Ah f Conf r at e r m y . admission to con raternity was the means by which convents and colleges of clergy req uited their benefactors . They entered t heir names “ in i their Book of L fe , and for these they were fi iSt e o n QEr en e f the iB aSt .

D. A .

bound to pray in life and after death . These con

i n o r fr aternities existed the time Athelstan .

D me s A in o day . most ancient record , kept the ’ ‘ u in Ofii c e . Excheq er , the Remembrancers Its two volumes contain a survey of the whole of England except the four Northern counties and part of sur Lancashire , which , it is said , were never v e ye d. The question whether lands are ancient demesne or

I . not is to be decided by the Domesday of William ,

whence there is no appeal .

an t t o n k r w ke r —An k e rw k e Fu Gr A e y Pr io y . y rnish ’ an o n is estate the west of Cooper s Hill , Egham , and is considered to have belonged to An k e rwy k e

Priory , on the opposite side of the Thames . There is scarcely any doubt that it is the same property that was given to the nuns of An k e r wy ke by Abbot

u in in H gh , the reign of Stephen , and which a

c o n fi rmat o ry charter granted to the nuns by Henry III . “ d fi ve is escribed as consisting of half a hide , and ” P n rh u e e s. acres of land , with app rtenances , at

o u Tradition says that a b gh , conveyed by a dove An k e r w k e was in from y to Germany , planted there

a Convent garden . A slip was transferred to Spain , an d there venerated as of divine virtue .

’ ion al r N at Cb om c lzs. Those in which the death 01

W ulfwo ld - was recorded are the Anglo Saxon Chronicle , the Chronicles of Peterborough and the Annales de Win n t o ia.

' L ibe r i e r a u N g S ac c ac r z . Dialog e de S c ac c ario was a Treatise o n the work of the Excheq uer by Richard

- - Fitz Nigel or Fitz Neal , son of Nigel , Bishop of Ely 1 88 Ghert sep abb ey

D A . .

u (Treas rer) , who was the nephew of Roger, Bishop of

S u alisb ry .

Alie n at i on i n Mor t mai n A . transference of property

to religious corporations with royal consent . Abbot Bartholomew bought of Henry de Aldham the u 1 00 reversion of a mess age, acres of land and three i hi s acres of meadow , together w th the services of

free tenants and villein tenants in Est Clandon , Send m B u and Eb e sha . y the Stat te of Mortmain these lands could not be appropriated by the Abbey

without a dispensation from the Crown . i 1 2 1 Ve t us Valor . n . Pope Nicholas IV , 9 , granted a tax on all t e mp or al possessions of religi ous persons to

u . Edward I . in aid of the expenses of a Cr sade The val ues of the properties an d rents of all ecclesiastical bodies in the various deaneries are given in this Vetus

~ I Valor compiled by Edward . This may be com pared with Pope Innocent’ s Valor which was made th e 1 2 i by Bishop of Norwich in 54 , on the occas on

of the Pope granting to Henry III . the tenth of all u sp i r i t ual: for three years . This was the val ation of the ecclesiastical b e n e fic e s throughout every

English diocese .

’ '

A r o r zat wm I n s e x zmus. pp p and p John de Pontoise ,

u Bishop of Winchester, iss ed Letters Patent to the

an d u u Abbot Convent of Chertsey, a thorising them nder

a B ull of Clement I I I . to annex to their own “ u B o c ham perpetual use the parish ch rches of , Eb e sham o v e h am , Ewell , Waltham , Horley , C and

o l o n W e t e sdo n C e sd , and the chapels of and Chertsey ,

when they fall vacant , so that they elect vicars ” thereto because the funds of the monastery

GLOSSARY

dv on A ows . The right of patronage .

’

sa n as. E g The early Saxon sovereigns of Kent .

A i ts E ots E t e s. O in n . , y , or y sier beds river isla ds ’

A n n at e s. u . fi rst ro fit b e n e fic e First fr its The year s p of a ,

claimed by the head of the Church .

A n n i v e r sar i e s. Solemn days commemorated yearly, on which men were wont to pray for the souls of special departed fr iends or

patrons .

an a e . A App g dependent establishment , provision for which was fu rnished by the parent monastery .

r r iat n b e n e fic e App op io . The annexation of an ecclesiastic al to u the perpetual se of some religious house .

m zz e r . An A A lg esq uire . title of dignity belonging to gentlemen

who bear arms .

sar t A n f in u i u u A s . o fence committed the forest by p ll ng p shr bs

and trees by the roots .

o A . B t . charter

h e re ditaru . B oc lcmd . Terra That possession of land which can h produce the Charter or Book by w ich it is created .

r r ow . A u B a large hillock or mo nd , said to be a Roman tum ulus or sepulchre . h u B e n efi c e . A ecclesiastical living nder a bishopric .

B e r e w ke . A i y village or hamlet , belong ng to some town or

manor .

B u ll éu lla u A , from , a st d or boss . brief or mandate from fi n QEristei rce of the flash 1 91

d the Pope of Rome , sealed with the lea or gold seal , the image

u o n S . of S . Pa l one side of the Cross and Peter on the other ; ’ an d o n t ifi an d on the reverse the Pope s name year of p c at e .

’

c d . B os z. Woo s

Cale n ds or Kale n ds. fi rst Date , reckoned from the day of the

month .

' Came r ar zu s . Chamberlain .

'

Canom c us u . . Those living according to r le

an on Law i u C . Ecclesiast cal law , sanctioned by the ch rch of

u . Rome . It borrows from Roman law many of its reg lations

‘ a r u u C non Re lige oso u m . Convent al book containing the r les of

o ffi c e s . their order, of devotion and days of commemoration

' - l Car e tas r K ar i t e . A c u o grace p , a special a lowance of wine or

' liquor .

Car t u lar y . A receptacle for Charters or Records , the place

where they are kept .

‘ - Cam c aze A u 1 00 . . plo gh land of acres

'

Ce lle m r u u . z s. A b tler or caterer for the monastery

Cass An . . assignment or tax

’ Ce ssav zt u u . A writ to recover lands from religio s ho ses if the spiritual services required had been neglected for two years

u u 1 2 8 . together . Stat te of Glo cester , 7

C/zan h u u y . A little ch rch , chapel , or partic lar altar , endowed

for the maintenance of o n e or more priests , daily to sing mass, and

perform divine service for the souls of the donors .

Cha u p e l. Capella . A ch rch separate from , yet belonging to , a

- monastery or a mother church .

laus l u C e or Close Rol s. Royal Letters nder the Great Seal not

intended for public inspection .

Comn zmdator s u b e n e fic e s e n . Sec lar persons to whom were u tr sted for oversig ht . Com u p t . M i n i st r ar am (Henry Accounts of monastic

revenues . 1 92 flht t’ t fiep fi hhey

r o fiar tm Rat ifi c atio n . Con fi mat ion f C . of their validity

- t A u a Cou r t le e . co rt held by the possessors of large est tes for the redre ssing of the wrongs of those liv ing in the immediate neigh

b ourh ood .

Cr o t f . A little close , adjoining a homestead , enclosed for cultivation .

’

W m. Cu ma R e is. u t h u g Co r establis ed by the Conq eror , com ’ posed of the great o ffi c e rs of state who followed the King s household all in i in his expeditions . Held Westminster Hall by prov sion of

Magma Charta .

’ ur t ar zu s An o fli c e r in a u u C . ch rge of the sec lar b ildings of the

He o ut & . monastery . gave bread , beer, c

r - ot n i Cfiu c lz sc . The laws of I enforced the payment of Church v scot for Di vine ser ice .

' De c e m . Tithes or tenths .

’ ’

Dzsse zse . i To d spossess or deprive .

' n ar ~ A E le e mosy zus. lmoner .

E n e mm t . i i i i f qfi The act of nvest ng w th any dign ty or possession . ' m ’ F e od u A knight s fee . d F e r ia . . Holidays, free ays

F e r ry . A franchise of the Crown giving the rig ht to carry an d in persons their goods boats across a river for toll .

’ mm e r zt l F le . u u f The reception or re ief of a f gitive or o tlaw .

z (Fle m an outlaw . )

'

sw t u i . F le me z e . The possession of the goods of f g tives

Gaol de li v e r A u an d li y . commission to the J dges to try , de ver every prisoner who may be in gaol when they arri ve in the town . Gr an e A u w r g . farm f rnished ith barns , stables, grana ies and all c o v e ni e n c e s u for h sbandry .

Ham A . . . place for dwelling A home close H am fi n us . 5 soc a. A e for entering a ho e H s wn u k u in his o . ame o e n . B rglary 3 assa ulting a man ho se

QI hertSep fi hb ey

b ut . . A . ally free , compelled to have a lord 3 landless tenant — - Cou r t le e t for tenants .

- Lan d boc . The deed or charter by which lands were held .

u . Lan di me r s. Meas res of land

’

r s A . Lar da e u . clerk of the kitchen

tb e S ta le . u Law of p Merchandise reg lations . k A in u c o n Le dg e r B oo . book the prerogative co rts which is side re d as their rolls .

’ - u n c il. A . D. 8 o Leg at zn e Co That of Chelsea in 7 7 . S called from first the two Roman legates having been received in England . The

u C/zu r c fi payment of tithe to the Ch rch was enforced at this time .

ud in I n c sc at had been incl ed the laws of .

- u u Lit u rg . The Gallican or Moz Arabic Lit rgy had contin ed in

u u u se (more or less) ntil 747 , when the Roman Lit rgy was gener

v ally adopted in accordance with the Co uncil of Clo e sh o o . ’ M ag n a C/zar ta an d C/zar t a d e F or e st a are called the two Great

Charters . u [llam a or Alan n a. A sq are piece of gold coin commonly val ued at thirty pence . ’ ie s u u . Man aat i D . Ma ndy Th rsday ’ an dat o an e s d e . M , p Loaves of bread given to the poor on

Maundy Thursday . A n t s . . M an e e . Tenants manor is called from manendo , a seat

m A u . Ma a. mansion or ho se

as A . M an s . farm

’ zc on A u an d M on ast . book giving an acco nt of monasteries religious houses .

a I n i M or t m m . a hand that cannot sh ft away the property .

- A m e . u n ime n t lzo & c . M u ho se or room of strength in cathedrals ,

& c . made for keeping deeds , charters ,

- A /n st e r lzam . b Monastic habitation , perhaps the part of a monastery set apart for hospitality or for sanctuary . e e B 1 g it QEristen c of th i ast . 95

M un i me n ta The evidences or writings whereby a man is able to defend the title of his estate . ' '

ae n u A . M olm m . mill ’ ’ N u n azm . . Fairs, markets

ut an t b A O f g ej : liberty or privilege , whereby a lord was enabled

man to call any , dwelling in his manor and taken for felony in

in o wn u o ut u . another place of his fee , to j dgment his co rt ’ ’ m zos d Pa e c an n abzu m . . Canvas shoes

Pan n a d o n in g e . Foo that swine feed the woods .

mzu Pa s A . . garment made with skins

P t n t L t r u a e e t e s. affix d Open or p blic records, with seal e ,

u showing a thority of issue .

Paf m t l - Ro ls. Registers in which letters patent are recorded .

Pe n sion r qf c /zu c /ze s. Certain sums of money paid to the clergy in u lie of tithes . ' ’ P - ze oud r e Cou r t . A u p co rt incident to every fair or market , the ud in j ge which is the steward of the lord of the market or fair. The administration only lasts for the day or days on which the fair is being held .

Pi Rolls e u . p . Parchment sched les The Great Roll .

Pon la e u g . D ty paid for repairing bridges .

Pu r r e sf u r a An p . invasion of the private rights of the Crown , by

u d enclosing p blic lan .

Pr ot e c t o i n . A h imm unity granted by the Crown to a certain u person to be free from s its at law . Also , from being arrested . /m ue e s. Q Gallows .

c r - man u u S y e . A j dge of the co nty by whom trials for land were d determine .

' ' c le zr e - zzzan A ifi n sh e r . a . S . Ancient name for earl

la . S c a g e The tenure of a knight .

fi e sau r u r . u T The treas ry .

’ r me n as ad a me Te g . The terminating point . 1 96 d hert sep b ep .

ua Te r mi n u s (i q . The starting point .

m zat d war e a. Tar m Lan that has the li berty of free warren .

s. ff Ufi ng a Sovereigns of East Anglia descended from U a .

la h . Ve n e l . A alley

u m A fish - h Viv ar i . pond , or a warren or park . W ere animals are preserved .

u . Wap e n t ake . A h ndred

n A War r e . franchise or place privileged by grant from

Crown for keeping beasts or fowls of warren .

1 ( l 98 Ehertsep fi lin g .

Patent Rolls .

Papal Rolls .

Hyde Abbey Register . ’ ’ / u r r e Manning and Bray s H zstwj of S y . ’ Walford and Brayley s Hi st ory of S ur r ey . ’ i t or o u r r Camden s H s y f S ey .

t r n H st or o Ham sfii r e Vi c o ia i y f p .

Registers of Bishops of Winchester . ’ ’

n n al o t . Pau l s Milman s A s f S . ’ Lat n h r i st ian i t Milman s i C y . ’ u C on st it u t i on al Hi st r St bbs o y . ’ u Di sso u t /z t r Gasq et s l ion of t e M on as e i e s. ’

u E dwar d VI an d t ile Pr a e r B ook . Gasq et s . y ’ Freeman s N or man Con q ue st . ’ o t b r m t n Burnet s H i sl / f e Ref o a i o .

Various Church Histories . ’ Hepworth Dixon s H istory qf Tzvo Q u e e n s . C H ARTERS

F G T LI ST O CHARTERS RELATIN O CHERTS EY ABBEY .

OF the Reg isters of Chertsey Abbey that of the Cottonian Library ,

u u a now in the British M se m , is prob bly the most important as well

u u u as the earliest . It contains n mero s historical partic lars of the i Abbey h story and charters , the titles of which have been copied from the rubrics .

’ The following list has been selected from Dug dale s M an asli ’ ' ' ar u l r m c u m c on C t a zu m S ax o . , and from Birch s collation ,

1 u Erk e n uualdi . . Incipit Prolog s (from Vita ) u i Frith wald 2 . Fo ndat on Charter with Grant by , of lands at

& c . Thorpe ,

o n firmat io n W ulfhe re Ki 3 . C by , ng of Mercians, of lands given by al t ’ F rith wald an d Erk e n w d to S . Peter s Chertsey .

Frith wald sub - u u Erk e n wald 4 . Grant by , reg l s and Bishop of

u A D 6 . Molesey an d vario s other lands to Chertsey Abbey . . . 7 5 i 5 . Pr vileges granted by Pope Ag atho to the Monastery of

D. 6 8 . A . Che rtsey . 7 o n firmatio n Of s Ce o lno th 6 . C by fa , king of the Mercian , to , Abbot

s of Chert ey , of lands and privileges to the Abbey .

{Ethe lwulf 7 . Protective Charter of King to Chertsey Monastery . 2 o o Ghet tfit p mb ep

8 B o c lan d i . Grant ( ) by K ng Alfred to Chertsey Abbey of land at & c Chertsey , Thorpe , .

9. Grant of Privileges by King Athelstan to Chertsey Abbey .

A . . D 933 . 1 0 . Charter of King Edward (the Confessor) of the H undred of d l 0 1 . G o de e y . 43

1 1 . K u Charter of ing Edward of the fo r Manors Chertsey ,

u d Thorpe , Egham , and Chobham , and of the H n red . 1 2 k d . Charter of the same King of the So e of Lon on .

1 . i u 3 Priv legi m to Chertsey granted by Pope John (XIX . ) to the P Abbot Daniel . (

1 . a u i n 4 Grants ( Pr edia) to the Ch rch of Chertsey , inspected the

u d u . time of William the Conq eror . ( Domes ay S rvey )

1 . u . 5 Charter of William I . of the imm nities of the Abbey

1 6 . Similar Charter of William II .

1 . . 7 Charters of Henry I . of Preserves . (Warrens )

1 8 . of the Soke of London .

1 . 9 for a Fair at Chertsey . k 0 Win fie ld an d m. 2 . of the Manors of Elvetha 1 2 . The Donation of Ham .

22 Co v e ham . Charter of King Stephen for a Market at

(Cobham) .

c an ib us c urre n dis 2 3 . Charter of Henry II . beyond the Water of Guildford . ’ u h a I . 24 . Ch rter (Richard ) from the Excheq er Book ofthe Knig ts

a rii Fees (Liber S c c c a ) .

D. 1 2 . 2 . . A . 5 . Charter (Henry III ) for a Fair at Chertsey 49

2 c o n firme d , 6 . Privileges by Pope Alexander IV Possessions of 1 2 8 th e Abbey in Chertsey and Cardigan . 5 .

o n fi r matio n . . 2 7 . C by Henry III of all Charters

2 8 d r I . . Charter of King E wa d

2 9. II .

30 . I II .

2 0 2 d hertSep abb ey

CHARTER OF THE FOUNDATION O F THE A BB EY OF CHERTS EY

111 N OF THE COU TY SURREY .

I N the Name of my Lord and Saviou r Jesus Christ I Frith e wald

of my Right do grant this Donation free of everything . As often as we expend anything in Charity upon the Members of Christ we be lieve it to be p ro fit ab le to o ur Souls becau se we render to Him

o wn u . I F rith wald His and bestow not o rs For which reason , ,

u Wlfar of the Province of S rrey , Viceroy of , King of the Mercians ,

u of my proper Will , right Mind , and entire Co nsel from the present

day do give , grant , transfer and transcribe of my right to thine this Land to increase the Monastery which was fi rst constructed under 200 King Egbert , Tenants to strengthen the same Monastery which is named Ciro t e se ye and fiv e Mansas (holdings) in a place

which is called Thorp .

I b ut c on firm it not only give this Land I , and do deliver myself l and my only S o n into the Obedience of Erk e n wa d the Abbot .

And the land consists in the whole of 300 Tenants (tenancies) . And moreover near the River which is called Thames the whole joins bo th banks of that River so far as the boundary which is called

Old F ullin adic h— Ditch , that is g and likewise on the other part of the Bank of the same River unto the boundary of another Province

n i a which is called S un ng e s. There is besides a part of the s me 1 0 Land , consisting of Tenants near to the Port of London where ships unload u pon the same Ri ver in the middle part nigh the

Public Way . These are moreover the several names of the same

C i ro t e se t E e h am Land above mentioned , to wit , g , Torpe , g , Chebe

G e t in e s u W o de h am H un e walde sh am . ham , g , M leses , ,

u I o u Erk e n wald Unto the aforesaid bo ndary give to y , and to the

u I c o n firm construction of yo r Monastery , and it with its Fields ,

Woods , Meadows , Feeding , Rivers and all other things rightly

S t . t h e belonging thereto , to the Monastery of Peter , the Prince of (E s 2 0 g t! ri tene e of the ism . 3

o u u u Apostles , of Chertsey , that as well y as yo r S ccessors may u intercede a Remedy for my so l . All things therefore in circuit to the aforesaid Monastery appe rtain

c o n fir me d e ing , as they are by me given , granted , and , y shall hold and possess , and shall have free licence as well y ou as you r

u ou S ccessors to do whatsoever it pleaseth y with the same Lands, neither I at any time nor my Heir acting contrary to this deed of

B ut if anyone shall attempt to violate this my Gift and Con fir ma ti on let him be separated from all Christian Society and be deprived of his share in the heavenly Ki ngdom . And that this Charter of my Gift and C o n firmatio n might remain

firm an d u steadfast and immovable , I beso ght those whose names are annexed to subscribe themselves witnesses .

I F rith wald am And , , who the giver together with the Abbot

Erk e n wald u , on acco nt of my ig norance of letters , have expressed the Sign of the holy Cross { 4

Sig n of the hand of F r ith uric (Witness) >I Ebbi Ewalcl

Eadwald { 4

C e addi

I u H mphrey , Bishop , likewise being asked by Abbot Erken wald

(Subscribed with his o wn hand . ) And these are the Viceroys who have all subscribed under their signs Sig n of the hand of F rit h wald Sign of the hand of Osric (Witness) W ig h ard >X<

Eth e lwo ld

fi rm Con firmat io n a And that this Donation might be , and ste d

c on fir me d W lfar fast , this Charter was by , King of the Mercians , 2 0 4 «thertSep abb ey fo r he p ut his Hand u pon the Altar i n the village which is called Thamu u , and s bscribed with his Hand the Sign of the holy Cross These things were done near the Village of F rit h wald nigh to the

F ullin adic h u aforesaid Ditch , g , abo t the Kalends of March .

S A KS CHERT EY L NDMAR .

This is the Charter of the Five Hides of Chertsey an d Thorpe w Fr ith wald S t . hich , King , gave to Christ and Peter , and to the

Erk e n wald . 6 8 Abbot Date , 7 5 and 8 9.

6 A . D 8 7 5 . . 8 9.

1 u t h i . Mo th of e River Way (Wa e muth e ) . 2 W — . i The Bridge of Way ( a e b rug g e Weybridge) .

- . B o e sle 3 The old eel mill ditch g g y (boggy meads) . t 4 . The old mili ary way (Via Woodham .

- Hal a e wic k . militaris , or Heres str ete)

W i d h ull n tr e s e . 5 . Woburn Bridge

~ 6 . u u Along the b rn to the Great West , to the Fo l Brook be Willow tween F e t in g e le y and the ” roc fo rd F - 7 . To the Pool above C orthe v e rg t h e .

P - 001 . 8 . From the head of this to To the Hore stone

" o r - u the Elder ( the Ash tree) To D rnford .

we r t wale n o r 9. To a ( a pleasant Along the stream to a Mereat

u - Fo ntain) in the Military Road the East end of the Wood .

1 0 u - . Along the Street to C rten Between East wood and s o r u Ot e rsh a h e O taple ( a Post called C rten) g ( ttershaw) .

- 1 1 an . . To the Hore Thorn ( aged Thorn) ” 2 Oak Ec c an 1 . To the Tree ( the Tree) . 1 3 . To the Tree Hills . hi t re n S ith ran . L4 . To the g (S )

M r h b r o 1 . k 5 To the limitary Brook ( e c e o ) .

Ex ae e b rn 1 6 . l s u ad t o rre n t e m Ex l To p ( ae p e ) .

Ma l u 1 . t 7 To the hoar Maple (To the hore p e h re ) .

2 06 (Ehet tSey abbey

d 1 0 . From the Gate by the Park Hedge to a Hill at a Ford calle

ar f r d H p e s o .

1 1 . . Mill by Park Hedge 2 1 . New Port .

1 . F r it r k 3 h e sb oo . l 1 4 . O d Apple Tree .

1 5 . Hillock near the Gallows and Stony Hill ? leading to

Ti l dd b . descending by g g e b e e urn . Virginia Water 1 6 . Backwards as far as the Island seated in the Thames at a

Lo dde r lak Mi e h am Lake called e (near x t n ) .

h n h i . 1 7 . Along the T ames to Gle th Egham Hythe)

1 . 8 To the Port at Ro me g e n e st o n e .

1 9. Back through the middle of the River to the Town called

Ni e n h ale p p .

- z 2 Wh l hit W l . 0. To e e s h (to Weale hy t h e a l gate) 2 1 d . Beyon the Island to the Black Willow .

2 2 . u ule b r k To the Fo l Brook (F o o ) .

- 2 ire o l . 3 . To S p e (to S hire pool or the Clear Pool )

W h le at r - 2 . o 4 To e g e ( the Wall Gate) . D k 2 . e e n b r o 5 Beyond the Island to p o .

2 6 . To the Three Trees .

2 . 7 To the Old Maple .

d E x lae e 2 E x lae b urn o r . 8 . To p e s ( the Brook calle p )

2 9. To Me rc h e b ro ok ( o r the limitary Brook ) .

0 o r ih t ran u . 3 . To the Shig Tree ( S ) pon Halsa

2 d . 0 to 30 . Compare Chertsey Lan marks

CHOBHA M .

1 . From the Oak to the old Thorn .

2 fi a . . To the e ld called W ih s n le ag e (Fie ld of Wise Men)

3 . To Woburn (The Bou rne stream ) .

Wa sh o t t . 4 . Along the river to p Mi mb ru e . 5 . To g g fi n QEt ist en e e of the 2 0 7

With e lsh e t e . 6 . To

d Min fie ld . 7 . To a He ge at

8 . To the great Wick .

W n h ur i st . 9. To the Brook at Wood 1 d S ith urst u 0 . To a he ge at Wood (So th Grove Wood planted by Ru h rw k t e y ) .

—Ph h e k m r 1 1 . t e e e at To a Lake y ( the bottom of Bisley G reen) .

H ulh urst an d 1 2 . as ie ld To right across the F to a Dovecot .

u . 1 3 . To C mara (Cow Moor in Bisley)

fi e l . d 1 4 Right across the to a Dovecote .

1 . u w r imle 5 To an pright Stone ( here Chobham , F y , and

Pirbright parishes join) . R e str at e 1 6 . Ou an u Ascent to g g (may be Blackstone Lane) .

Ph th e k e me re i t r 1 7 . Backwards to y (Whitmore Pond or L g h t wa e Pond)

1 8 . u Thence to the Vale of the Mo nt .

1 . E ulf 9 To the Bridge of g g us.

20 d t e rn e fo rd . To the For , Cy .

2 1 . u Wi e sdo n To the Mo ntain, p (probably Rip sdo n or Rib sdo n d m or Rip p s o ) .

2 2 . H e rt l H ut Along the way to y (Broomhall ) .

2 . 3 Back again to the Willow. — — B ure h e slo de between 1 7 an d 2 1 ah open country with birch trees . D 88 . A . d i The Charter 0 . 9 King Alfre begins n m uch the same way These are the five hides chartered ( b o c ) to Chertsey an d

Thorpe .

8 H A D. COUNCI L OF AC LEA . 7 7 .

’ dus a t o ln o . Ce , abb t of S Peter s , Chertsey , received a grant from

' fla u in Ac le ah O , King of Mercia , iss ed a synodal meeting at or O u Acle ckley , S rrey) 2 0 8 (tlihertsey fi hhep

Ut episcopi de lig e n t i cura p ro vide an t q uo omnes canonici sui ' ” c an o n ic e t e u mo n ac h ae r ul rit r o n v r n r vivant e monachi s e g a e c e se t u .

This is the fi rst time the title of Canon occ urs in an English . doc ument and the term never became common until the eve of th e

Norman Conquest .

F RECAPITU LATION OF LANDS CON IRMED B Y KING ATHELSTAN .

Ch e rt e se y Cudre de sdon e Thorpe Ch e p st e d Eg e h am Mestham Ch e b e ham (Chobham ) Ch alv e rdun e (Chaldon) F re me le y (Frimley) B e n st e de c um S o uthme re s W e y b r ug g e (Weybridge) felda Whone Walde sh am (?Hersham) Cheham (Cheam) Ge tin g e s (Gatton) C udin t o n e M ule se ig e ( Molesey) Euue lle (Ewell) Pit e r ic h e sh am (Petersham ) Eb e sh am (Epsom) To tin g e (Tooting) Th e dde we rth (Tadworth) Stretham B o c h am (Bookham) Mic h am W o de h am (Woodham) S ut t o n e Effi n g h am E uualt o n (?Walton - o h - the - Hill) C le n do n e (Clandon) B e din t on e C o v e h am (Cobham)

VVh afi n don e Po n t in t o n e E lde b uri

B ifie t e (B yfle e t ) B usse le g h e (Bisley) Dr ith am Waltham

This record was made and c on firme d in the royal town which is

in I n called , English , Kingston . the year of the Incarnation 933

(Dec . The sixth year of the Indiction .

’

E o z E /lze /st am t s Re x t ot zu s B r it an n ia . g , ,

- f d u N ot e . The Cycle o In iction is a mode of comp ting time by

fi ft e n n the space of e years . The Popes since the time of Charlemag e

2 1 0 flhet't sep fi bb t y : t h ut e n than ab b o de an d beo Godes b le t sun g e this namma n e awe n de fort than the ich beo min re wit e n e rade for mike le re n e o de Gode g e l n ufh e mine sa ule to h e p e e .

— r Will m b man . Eduua d e e isso an d S ue t NUM . VIII king gret p

f b urh ware o n f r o n dli h mine p o rt e re e and alle the London e c e . Ich k uthe so u that ich wille that W ulfun o ld ab b o d at Ch e rt se y e beo his

wrt h e an d an u saca , his socna ofer his haz land her binne and o er

man sua fill sua sua fo rth n e n his agene , and ford hit ani5e his 3e 5 ( P) fo rme st h aue de i n h al an ( ) foregoing to foren him , to than g holy m un st re o n alle th in g in and ich nelle 5e t h auie n that him eni man fram honde tes an ig thare g e r ih t e this the he mid riht e to habbe ahe n d hi c him g e un n e n habbe .

D ESD Y o x OR V o r GLA 1 086 . OM A B o THE GREAT SUR EY EN ND ,

u fi rst It is contained in two vol mes, the of which is a folio of 1 x 1 0 7 60 pages , 53 3 inches , the second is of the size of a large octavo of 900 pages .

u u The volumes contain the Cens s of the Kingdom , made p from

u u Retu rns from each Co nty of England , excepting the fo r northern

viz : u u counties, . North mberland , C mberland , Westmorland , and

u D rham . The Book of Exeter and the Book of Ely are no doubt copied

u b ut from the same ret rns as Domesday Book itself, they contain more details than are given in Domesday.

in 1 1 8 The Book of Winchester was made 4 .

fiv e u I These books, with val able ndexes and very interesting

u u in u u explanatory Introd ctions , have been p blished fo r folio vol mes b ut in modern type , with all the contractions of the original . The two fi rst volumes contain the Great Domesday and were published in 1 783 . The following remarkable passage from the Anglo

a a Mr Saxon Chronicle is t ken from the Transl tion by . Benjamin

u u Ho n Thorpe , p blished nder the direction of the Right . the Master

of the Rolls . D m A . e n . MLXXXV . In this year declared , and for sooth ' 2 1 1 fi n QETtB ten t e of the $ast .

u i u said , that Cn t , king of Denmark , son of King Sve n , was bo nd

an d u win aid u hitherward , wo ld this land with the of Robert Co nt ’ of Flanders ; because Cn ut had Robert s daughter to wife . When

in William , King of England , who was then residing Normandy

an was apprized of this , he went into England with so large

u army of horsemen and foot . as never before had so ght this

me n u . land , so that wondered how this land co ld feed all that army B ut the king caused the army to be distributed through all this

: an d land among his vassals they fed the army , each according to

u the meas re of his land .

u After this the king had a great co ncil , and very deep

u d speech with his witan abo t this lan , how it was peopled , or by what men ; then sent his men all over England , into every shire , and caused to be ascertained how many hundred hides were in the

an d shire , or what land the king himself had , cattle within the

u u in land , or what d es he o ght to have , twelve months , from the shire .

u u had Also , he ca sed to be written how m ch land his archbishops , an d uf his s fragan bishops and his abbots , and his earls ; and what or how m uch each man had who was a holder of land in

in d i n u England , lan , or cattle , and how m ch money it might be

S o u o . ut worth very narrowly he ca sed it to be traced , that there d was not one single hi e , nor one yard of land , nor even an c x in nor a cow , nor a swine was left , that was not set down his ” writ . ’ u u Ki For the exec tion of the S rvey , Commissioners called ng s

u o u J sticiaries , or Legati Regis , were appointed to g into each co nty

I u u f The nq isitors, it appears, pon the oaths of the Sherif s , the u Lords of each Manor , the Presbyters of every Ch rch , the Reves of

u B ai lifls every H ndred , the and six Villans of every village , were to

u in enq ire into the name of the place , who held it the time of King i Edward , who was the present possessor, how many h des in the c ar ruc at e s i n Manor, how many demesne, how many homagers,

V c o tarii how many illans , how many , how many servi , what

P 2 2 1 2 4Lhert § ep abb ey

u o f w freemen , how many tenants in socage , what q antity ood , how

asture * wh at an d fish o n ds m uch meadow and p , mills p , how much ’ u added or taken away, what the gross val e in King Edward s time ,

u u - man - what the present val e , and how m ch each free or soch man ” has or had . ” u u As regards the meas res of land in Domesday The tr th , S ir H ’ . Ellis says , seems to be that a hide , a yardland , a knight s fee ,

& c . u b ut i , contained no certain n mber of acres, varied n different ” b ut u places , it has been described to be as m ch as was suffi c ie n t ” u u o ur u to the c ltivation of one plo gh , whence term of plo ghland .

C aruc ata u - The , which is also to be interpreted the plo gh land , was as m uch arable as could be managed with one plough and the

in a u an d beasts belonging thereto a year ; having meadow , p st re ” houses for the householders an d cattle belonging to it ; and it ’ appears that the hide was the measure of land in the Conf essor s ’ u reign , the carucate that to which it was reduced by the Conq eror s ” new standard .

u 1 20 The hide is generally suppo sed to be eq al to acres.

’ Money is generally estimated at tlzzr ty times its present value .

CON F IRMATION o r LANDS B Y WI LL IAM THE CONQ UEROR .

’ in u S t . The Abbey of Peter s , Chertsey , holds lands the H ndreds

now Croydon .

Tandridge .

Emley Bridge .

o th o m e C p .

Ki ngston .

2 1 4 Ehn t sep fi hb t p

n e di st urb e n t ur u u u , neq e eis lla inj ria vel contumelia fiat super

risfac t uram E t rae c i io u fo meam . p p q od p r ae dic t us abbas h ab e at omnes consuet udines e t lib e r t at e s suas sic ut alii barones q ui ferias

h ab e n t h ab e n t fe riis u . , in s is ’ S c iat is quod concedo Willie lmo abbati de Certes ut hab e at feriam ad C e rt e se yam q uoq uo anno ad fe st um sancti Petri ad V inc ula per

in e t in e t se ue n t i III . dies , videlicet vigilia festi , die festi , die q

fe st um. A PU D F E proxima post RHAM .

M U P S . RY OF V L DOCUMENT , DRAWN BETWEEN A WA ER EY ’

A S . S . ND PETER , HYDE

at r c a 1 0 D e c i 1 5 .

e Know y , present and to come, that this composition was made in the Synod of Winchester, in the presence of Lord Henry the u S t u Bishop , between the ch rch of Peter of Hyde , and the ch rch of the blessed Mary of Waverley concerning the tithes of Netham th at the church of Wav e rle y shall pay yearly to the church of S t Peter of Hyde on the feast of S t Michael the sum of 40 shillings for the aforesaid tithes u pon condition that the church of

Hyde shall provide a chaplain for the inhabitants of Witham . These being witnesses

u . H gh , Abbot of Chertsey ’

G audfr S t . u . y , Prior of Swith n s

u . H gh , Archdeacon , and two others

/ S . XIX . CARTA ABBATI E CERTE

i i c c . I . 6 2 L b. er S ac . . N g Tom , p

k ari ssimo suo H . a u Venerabili domino Dei gratia Angli e regi , d ci

n n iae e t A uit an n iae c omit i An de avi ae A . in di n us N o rma q , g , frater g ’ i n minister Certes salut e m e t o rat o e s. 2 fi n QEristenee of the 9a“. 1 5

k arissime e t u Abb at ia Seiat diligentia vestra , pater domine , q od

ad se rv ic ium u u u C e r t e se iae debet nostr m tres milites , sec nd m q uod m li i u I . i t s h m i u u . C e e o scire poss m s Feod m tenet Walter de . m i Philippu s d e Tong feod um I . ilit s Rog e rus de Wat e ville feod um

P rfri h Ro b e r t us M e aldo n M r tertii mil Ate de e t . de au ic ius de

u d Radulfus San c t o T ro t t e swrth e . Stephan s de Ben de Albano

u u n o n ali uis tenet feod um q art m . Alios habet q , sic ipse cognoscere ’ pot Valete in Christo . W kkin t Ma o l Dure we lle I o e . u Alan us Basset tenet g p per feod m , de dono Regis Ricardi .

V S S OF AD LA ANNI ER ARIE AM AND A N .

tt n M S . A . . 8 1 . b Co o xiii fol .

1 11 1 3 CENTURY .

Assig n at us domp n us Adam abbas per v o lun t at e m t o t ius c on v e n t us ad Anniversarium suum faciendum totum r e ddit um de gurgite j uxta N ip p e n hale (Egham) quem de novo c o n st rux it e t de un a e r re st ura u G o dwin us Lo lle wurt h e t p p q am de tenet , de altera

r re st ura u Ro b e r t us Fo rda u Lo lle wur th e e t p e p q am de tenet ap d , de tertia p e rp re st ura quam Ewlfus de F o rda tenet apud Ch ab e h am ’ e le emosin ar io de Certes re c ip ie n dum e t fide lit e r dist r ib ue n dum e t in

o b it us sui ad u e t c o n v e n t ui anniversario die scilicet op s abbati panem , vinum e t pisces e t p aup e rib us panem pro anima e j us e t pro an i li m d f n m mabus omnium fide u e u c t o ru .

Assi n av it do m n us Alan us e t u t o t ius g p abbat , de consilio vol ntate c o n v e n t us ad a u uu in uli n u Annivers ri m s m , s g s an is faciend m q uan dam p e rp re st uram quae jac e t j uxta moram de Rok e sb ir 3 ita scilicet qu od e le émo sin arius q ui pro tempore fuerit in die ob it us sui in v e n ie t

e t o n v n t ui i m e t u e t au rib u - c e sc e e s . abbati panem , p , vin m , p p panem e le e mo si arius ui e u h e t c o n ve n t ui Item , n , q pro t mpore f erit , da it abbati ' 2 1 6 QLhert fiey fi hhep

in a a i s Ma dale n ae u c on sue t udin o die Beat e M r a g ex antiq a panem , vinum e t flat o n e s.

V — V L G L X P P/E I . . NUM . PRI I E IUM A E ANDRI A IV

' ' ’ ’ ’ De p osse ssiom bus e t ali fs bom s E c c le szw S Pe t r i Ce r te s e t E c c le szw d r M ar i e e a d an . S . C ig

( 1 2 54

Alexander e p isc o p us servus se rv o rum Dei dile c t is filius abbati mo n ast e rii Ce r t e se a e usde m ue frat rib us sancti Petri de y j q , tam

n ib us u u u u ro fe ssis in u p re se t q am f t ris reg larem vitam p perpet um . Re lig io sam vitam e lig e n t ib us ap o st o lic um c on v e n it adesse p rae si dium n e forte cuj us libet t e me r itat is in c ursus aut eos aproposito r e v o c e t aut u u a re li io n is in frin e t e a , rob r , q od absit , saer e g g , propter dile c ti in domini fi lii v e st ris j ustis p o st ulat io n ib us c le me n t e r an n uimus e t u C e rt e se a W in t o n i n monasteri m sancti Petri de y , e si

in uo u sub diocesi , q divina estis obseq io mancipata , beati Petri e t nostra p ro t e c t ion e susc ip imus e t p rae se n t is scripto privilegio

c o mmun imus.

u st at ue n t e s ut mo n ast ic u s ui u u Imprimis si q idem , ordo q sec nd m

u e t B e n e dic t i u in e ode m in t i De m , beati reg lam monasterio s t ut us

din o sc it ur e r e t uis u in vi la il esse , p p ibidem temporib s o b it e r o b

se r ve t ur . Pr ae t e re a uasc un ue ua u u q q possessiones , q e c nq e bona ,

u in re se n tiarum u ac c an o n ic e o sside t a idem monasteri m p j ste , p ut in futurum concessione p on t ific um larg it io n e regum vel p rin c ip um o b lat io n e fide lium u aliis u d r ast an t e o t ri , sen j stis mo is , p domino , p e t

man a adi isc i firma v e stris ue suc c e ssorib us e t e r e n t . p , vobis q illibata p I n quibus haec in q uo p re fat um monasterium sitam est c um omnibus p e rtin e n t iis suis : Prio rat um de Cardigan c um omnibus p e rt in e n t i i s suis Ec c le siam sanctae Trinitatis sitam in loco q ui ap p e llat ur Lando c um omnibus p e rti n e n tiis suis

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Bosens in De b e n h ams in Hardwick in

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1 0. Compton . Bosens in 1 1 Cov e h am Mo le n din um apud Re c t o ria de Bosen s in Ebb e sh am Re c t o ria de

Efli ng h am Ecclesia . C Est landon .

Ewell Ecclesia .

Fecham a Eg g e ham B osc us in Re c t o r ia de ’ u . Elvetham South ton C o . So thampton)

F rymle y .

o dde le u G y , H ndred de

Horley .

d dit u Lon on Re d s in Civitate .

Lo wlan de De c imae , in

Purb r ig h t .

R t h r o e wyk (Egham) .

u u Sandh rst (B cks) .

Sh e n e ham De c imae . ' 2 1 flu «Erist ence of the £ast . 9

Stanwell ( Midd . ) M o le n din um apud Thorpe

VVayb ridg e White Waltham

Temporal possessions of Chertsey .

Rents of assize , tenancies . u Mills at Chobham , S tton , Cobham .

Woods .

Two fairs .

u & c . Co rt , amerciaments ,

Temporali ti es .

u u Spirit alities in S rrey .

2830 o 0 Rectory of Stanwell .

1 1 1 0 & c . . 1 2 Rent of assize , , in London

in 2 7 6 1 1 5 Temporalities Berkshire .

1 4 4 4 Spiritualities in Berkshire .

1 1 0 0 Temporalities i n Hampshire .

6 1 3 4 Pension from Cardigan .

92 6 51 65 2 7 I t

7 4 4 1 3 653 Total val ue of Chertsey Monastery . u 84 1 7 1 0 Reprisals and red ctions .

6 1 8 & c . £ 59 5 ? Pensions , fees , alms ,

! clear annual revenu e . 2 2 0 ( a Ethert fiep bb ey .

COPY OF THE SURRENDER O F THE CHERTS EY ABB EY B Y JOH N

CORDERRY . Omni bus Christi - fii de lib us ad quos p r e se n s scriptum p e rv e n e rit Johannes C o rde re y Abbas Mon ast e rii Sancti Petri apostoli de h e rt e se e t u o n ve n t us S alut e m C y ej sdem loci C , in Domino sempi m t e rn a .

S c iat is nos p re fat o s Ab b at e m e t Co n v e n t um unanimi nostro asse n su e t consensu in c on side rat io n e quam in vi c t issimus e t se re n issi

mu u u a & c . s t Dux D. G . n Princeps e , Henric s Octav s , , Rex A gli e,

F D suae ro o n it e t m u M on ast e ria . p p obilissime intendit s per p rio rat um sive Ab b at iam de B issh am in Com : Bark : de novo fun dar e erigere e t incorporare stabilire ac p e r fic e re I n cuj us rei testimonium huic presenti Car tae n ost rae prefati Abbas e t Co n v e n t us de Chart e se y Sigillu m nostrum Comune apponi imu fe c s.

in a it ulari u u dic t i Dat Dono nostra C p , sexto die J l , Anno Regni

Domini Regis vi c e simo nono . Dat in Domi mi c ap it ulari sexto di e J uly Anno Regni dic ti Dn

v Reg is ic e simo nono .

: r i v 1 me Joane C h e t e s e e Ab b ata. m ' p me Will P orem .

p me Thoma Potter .

p me Lau rencia .

p m Joh e m Ro lffe .

10 other signatures . " Y H . u 6 2 KS . I J ly , 9 VII This is notable as the fi rst legal doc ument of the kind with signatures an d seal appended ( Gasq ue t quoting from Rot Pat 2 9 Y H . . 11 1. VIII Pars IV , — N ota This document was examined with the original Surrender fli e 1 8 remaining in the A ugmentation O c at Westminster , in 7 7 , and d signed by John Caley , Keeper of the Recor s , and by Charles

u . Pembroke , then C rate of Chertsey

2 2 2 ’ iinh t t .

6 o f 1 2—1 Aidan , 3 Aragon , Catharine , 5 54 1 1 b u 2 Aire , Archbishops of Canter ry , 3 , 2 1 0 1 6 1 2 1 Aits , Eyots, 3 , 33 , 9 4 . 41 44 1 5 5 1 7 . 3 . 5 5 , 82 8 8 8 0 Alan , Abbot , , 5 , 7 , 9, 9 , Y 8 1 60 ork , 44 , 4 , 2 1 1 1 00 1 02 Alan Basset , 5 Archdeacons, 9 , , Alde b uri E lde b ur i 208 u 2 2 8 6 68 , , Architect re , 7 , . 7 , , 2 8 1 06—1 0 1 2 Aldhelm , 9, 3 Aldwin e 2 8 A r i n i e r 1 0 , g , 9

. 1 80 u 1 2 Alexander III , Pope , Arth r , Prince of Wales , 5 8 2 1 6 I IV . , Pope , 9, S4 d 0 20 1 1 82 1 8 2 1 Alfre , King , 3 , 4 7 , 7 Ash , 35 , , 3 , 7 0 8 Alice Holt Forest , 7 Athelstan , 4 7 , 4 l in 1 2 A ienations Mortmain , 3 , Attorneys , 97 u 1 1 2 A gmentation of living , , o r Alt e c ar 1 1 1 8 1 0 1 1 Allegar ( ) , 9, 3 3 , 3 ’ 1 u u 1 All Saints Chapel , 97 , 7 7 , A g stine , 7 , 79 1 8 u u 1 3 A g stinian Friars , 49 Can c e llo r 1 2 Almeric de , 7 7 Avice atte Strode , 3 ’ 1 8 u 1 1 Alm ners Farm , 3 Avisa de Glo cester , 9 A me lb r i e 2 1 2 6 8 g , Emley , Aymer, Abbot , 7 5 , 7 , 5 Amic ius 1 F ur th 6 , Archdeacon , 9 Aymer e , 7 Am e rst on e s 1 p , 37 Am n e rs 1 p Barns , 39 n 8 1 8 1 1 A dover , 9 , BANGOR , 54 An w n 1 2 1 6 1 g e y , Abbot , 4 Barking, , 7 n le s 1 1 2 1 1 g , Mid , , Barnet , 45 1 1 1 1 East , 4 , 5 Baron Berners, 47 , 48 - 2 6 1 0 Anglo Saxons, 4 , 4 Barrows, 9 1 1 6 1 2 Saxon Chronicle , , 54 , 3 , Bartholomew , Abbot , 9 , 9 ,

1 8 6 “ I OO 67 , 7 9 : 97 An k e r w k e 1 62 1 8 1 y , 7 3 , 95 , , , Barton (de Berthon) , Arch 1 g 1 02 1 0 7 deacon , , 5 ’

S . u 2 1 Annals of Pa l s , 4 Basingstoke Canal , 3 80 2 1 Worcester , Basset , Alan , 5 1 1 1 0 2 1 Annates, 4 , 9 Richard , 3 2 1 0 2 0 Anniversaries , 8 , 9 , 1 5 Battle Abbey, 9 1 0 1 20 Appanages, 9 Beaton Croft , 2 6 60 Appeals . 7 , 7 7 , 9s, 9 Bec , 1 06 1 8 1 Appointments , , Becket , Thos . , Archbishop , 7 5 . 1 08 1 88 Appropriations , 97 , , 68 2 2 2 2 2 8 Apsidal terminations , Bede, , 3 , 7 , 2 2 itnh er. 3

B e din t o n e 1 1 208 1 8 , 3 , Blackfriars , 4

S . 1 1 8 Benedict , , 5 Black Prince , 4 B isc o 2 2 2 1 —1 p , 3 , 4 , 7 Blanche Heriot , 45 47 6 6 2 Chancellor , 7 Blois , de , Stephen , 3 , 7 1 2 2 of Chertsey , 7 Henry , 7 1 6 1 8 2 R d 1 86 1 0 Benedictine abbeys , , , 5 , oelan , , 9 0 I B o k lan de 1 00 9 , 7 9 , u 1 B o e sle 20 r le , 5 g g y , 4

B e n e fic e s 8 1 8 1 1 0 S . , 9 , , 9 Boniface , , 4 3

1 2 . 8 Benham , John de , Abbot , 5 VIII , Pope , 9 B e n st e de 208 2 , Book of Common Prayer , , B e o c c a 8 1 6 , Abbot , 4 3 B e o mo n ds 1 1 8 1 1 8 6 1 08 1 2 , , 9 Bookham , 4 , 4 , 7 7 , , 3 , - 2 0 1 1 8 1 88 208 2 1 Bere hill , 5 35 , 3 , , , 7 B e re w k e B 2 y (Berwick , Verwig) , Bos yte , Bos Ait , 3 8 u 0 8 88 9 Bo nds beaten , 3 , 47 , 7 , , 1 1 8 1 2 1 8 Berners , Baron , 47 , 4 4 , 5 1 02 u 0 Berthon , de , Archdeacon , Bo rne , 3 6 8 B rak e lo n d o f 8 Bertrand , 7 , 7 7 , 5 , Jocelyn , 7 7 , 7 - k e le rt 1 62 2 Beth , Braybrooke , Bishop , 4 B ifle t e B fle e t 1 1 208 , y , 3 , Bretwalda , 9 B irin us 8 1 d 1 06 1 1 1 20 1 —1 8 , 7 , , 79 Bri ges , , 9, , 35 3 , B isc o 2 2 2 1 0 a 3 , 4 , 7 , 35 5 ’ 2 1 1 6 1 1 62 B ro un e t t s 1 06 Bisham , , 57 , , Grove , 1 u 6 8 1 8 1 1 8 1 88 1 8 Bishop of Bangor , 54 B lls , 9 , 9 , , 3 , , 9, u 62 1 0 1 1 D rham , , 7 3 , 74 9 , 9 6 2 1 6 u d B urwa 1 2 Lincoln , , 3 B rgh Islan , y , 3 , 3 , 1 1 2 —2 2 0 London , 4 , 5 , 3 5 , 37 , 5 8 2 1 1 B ur h c h e r 1 8 3 , 4 , 43 , 49, 53 g , Chancellor , 4 i B usse le h e B ussh e h e le 208 M lan , 7 g , , , 6 2 1 Norwich , 9 7 1 6 Rochester , 54 , 3 ’

S . 1 62 1 6 David s , , 3 1 2 1 A LL 1 1 Winchester, 43 , 5 , 7 , 9 , C MBERWE , 4 1 02 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 —1 28 C an c e llo r , 5 , 3 , 7 , 5 , , Almeric de , 7 7 1 0 —1 2 1 2 208 3 3 , 4 , 1 60 Canon , 60 Can o n ic as 2 1 1 Worcester, 59, , 5 , 9 ’ i 8 1 2 1 2 8 1 1 Bishops Reg sters , , 9 , , Canon Law , 9 1 1 u 2 60 6 4 Canterb ry , 4 , 44 , 55 , , 7 , B sle 6 1 20 82 1 Bisley , y y , 7 , 35 , 7 , , 53 2 1 u u 2 1 1 7 Can te , Cn t , 53 , a 1 2 —1 28 i 8 1 6 2 1 8 2 1 Bl ck Death , 5 Card gan , 9, , 5 , 7 2 2 4 iinb er.

S ir 6 o f 1 0 Carew , Nicholas , Chichester , Bishop , 3 1 Ch ilse 1 Carmelite Friars , 49 y Green , 37 u 2 1 1 8 208 Cart lary of Chertsey , 3 Chipstead , 35 , 3 , u 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 6 6 Car cate , 9 , Chobham , , 3 , 35 , 4 , 7 , ’

S . u 1 2 2 82 8 88 1 06 1 2 Cathedral , Pa l s , 4 , 4 , 7 , 7 9, , 5 , , , 3 , —8 1 2 0 1 1 1 8 1 82 1 8 1 8 35 3 ’ 4 1 4 1 7 , 53 35 , 3 , , 3 , 4 , i u 1 6 200 202 206 20 208 Sal sb ry , 7 , , , 7 , , 1 6 20 2 1 2 1 2 1 Sens , 7 9. 5 . 7 . 9 Ce adda 1 1 , 4 , 5 Chronicles , 54 1 —1 8 Cecil , Secretary , 7 7 Chronological Table , 79 5 l 8 —8 u 1 2 1 Cel arer, 5 7 Ch rch scot , 9 , 94 e o ln o t h C e oln odus 20 6 1 80 1 8 1 2 08 C , , 4 7 , 7 Clandon , 4 , , , , Ce o ro t is u 1 8 2 1 2 2 2 1 8 Ins la , , , Ce o r o t e se u 2 2 6 , Claygate , 5 C e o r t e se e 60 1 88 g , Clement III . , Pope , C e ro t i o f 20 1 8 1 28 , Isle , Clergy (parochial) , 97 , 9 , , ’ C e rt e se e 6 1 00 1 0 y , Certes , 9 , , 3 1 1 8 1 2 2 1 Cle ric is 8 1 8 , 4 , 3 Laicos , 9 , 9 Ch arse 2 1 88 1 1 y , 7 Close Rolls , , 9 Ch art e se e 1 1 lo v e sh o o 6 1 y , 4 C , 4 , 79 Ch e rt e sai 1 2 u 8 , 7 Cl ny , 7 Ch e rt e se e 1 2 208—2 1 0 1 2 y , 9, Clyve , William de , 7 Ci ro t e se e 202 h 88 y , C appe , La , d 8 1 1 208 ov e ham 6 6 1 00 Chal on , 4 , 4 , Cobham , C , 4, 7 , , 1 02 1 1 1 1 8 208 2 1 Chantries , , 9 35 , 5 . . 9 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 o le sdo n u 1 2 1 Chapels , 97 , , 7 , 3 C , Co lsdon , 35 , 7 , Cha t e h ouse 6 1 68 1 2 1 p , , 95 , , 7 3 , 8 I g 1 0 1 2 7 Commission , 79, 3 , 3 1 2 8 1 8—1 62 2 1 1 Charters , 3 , 9, 44 , 47 . 4 , Commissioners, 5 , 4 - 6 6 1 1 2 1 8 5 1 5 , 9, 7 , 7 3 1 74) 7 7 , Compton , 35 , 82 8 8 0 6 1 1 n 1 82 , 7 , 9, 9 , 95 , 9 . 9, Comy , John de , 1 86— 1 —2 1 6 o n fi rmat i 7 , 99 C on of Charters , 4 7 , 208 8 2 6 Cheam , Cheham , 4 . 5 . 7 . 7 9. u 2 Chertsey cart lary , 3 , 33 1 8 1 0 coroner, 3 of Children , 3 1 88 6 1 1 60 1 86 fairs, 7 , , 9 , 4 Confraternity , 59, , 1 1 k 6 manor , 9 Coo ham , 5 ’ u 1 2 1 6 1 1 parish ch rch , 97 , 3 , 4 , Cooper s Hill , 7 3 , 7 I 2 1 0 1 7 7 Cordrey , Abbot , , 5 , 57 - 0 1 2 2 0 timber wharf, 7 6 , 2 1 1 1 8 1 8 tithes , 3 , 9 Coroner for Chertsey , 3 1 28 1 0 1 I 6 1 vicars , 97 , , 3 , 54 , S7 Cotton Register , 4 , 99

2 6 2 t i mer.

8 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 u 1 68 Endowments , 4 , , 3 , 3 , Fo ndation walls , 1 60 Fox , Bishop , n le fie ld Hin e fe lda 20 1 68 E g , g , 5 Charles James , i 1 0 1 60 1 Episcopal visitat ons , 3 , Friars, 49 ’ m 8 6 1 06 F r Eb b e sh a ide swide s S . Epsom , , 4 , 4 , , , , 95 1 1 82 1 8 1 88 i 6 2 1 8 1 08 , 35 , , 3 , , Fr mley , 4 , 2 1 2 1 F rith e sb ro ok 1 208 , 7 , 9 , 3 — 1 1 0 h w l 2 1 Erk e n wald 1 4 4 , 47 , 5 , 4 Frit a d , 1 . . . . 47 . , 5 3— 9 3 35 1 1 2- 1 I l 1 2 0 1 20 49, 5 54 1 791 99 99, 4 F lan b ro ok 20 u , 5 6 1 Fure th m 6 Esher , 4 , 35 , Ay er , 7

Ethelbert , d 1 2 2 1 G LL IC N u h 1 Ethelre , , A A Ch rc , 5 ulf 1 80 1 u 1 E t h e lw , , 99 Lit rgy . 45 . 94 r 8 u 1 82 1 Eth o , 4 Gallows , Q elme , , 95 . 1 206 Evesham , 1 08 1 1 82 1 8 1 8 1 Ewell , , 35 , 39, , 3, Gaol at Chertsey , Gat e l n 1 1 2 y , Matilda , f s 82 2 1 G e t in e s 8 Ewl u , , 5 Gatton , g , 4 u 68 1 0 1 u 2 8 Excheq er Leiger Book , , , Ga l , 20 1 G e wi ssas 1 08 , 1 , 37 , 7 sb urn 0 20 u 2 E x lae p e , 3 , 4 Glass introd ced , 4 1 6 u 2 60 Eynsham , 7 Glastonb ry , , 55 . . 79 2 1 0 G le n h ith 206 Eyots. 3 . 33 . 9 , u 60 Glo cester, S 1 88 6 1 1 u 1 1 8 1 1 FAIR , Feriae, 7 , , 9 , 4 , Glo cesters, de , , 9 1 80 1 8 1 1 8 1 2 200 1 1 , , 5 , 9 , , Godalming , 4 G o dde le 1 6 1 2 1 3 y . 4 . 55 . 4 . 7 3 . 99. 1 0 20 2 1 8 Far e n do n e , 5 9, 1 0 u 1 Farnham , 5 Godfrey de L cy , Bishop, 9 1 1 6 Felix , 5 , 79 Godmersham , 7 6 1 1 - 1 2 1 6 1 2 u 1 06 Ferry , 9 , 9 3 , 3 , 9 Gracio s Pond , 1 86 88 6 1 08 1 2 1 8 Festival days , 7 , , , 9 , Great Bookham , , 3 , 3 , 1 1 1 1 2 1 I 3 . 4 1 53 7 1 1 8 1 2 1 8 Fetcham , 95 , 35 , , Gregorian chanting , 45

in e le 20 . 0 Fe t g y , 4 Gregory IX , Pope , 9 d 6 1 62 G r fi d a 8 Flambar , Ralph , , y y , Rhys p , 9 1 2 u 1 1 8 Flete , Fleet , 3 G ildford , ix , at e r 1 20 1 6 1 06 1 1 1 6 F o r dw , , 3 Street , , 9, 3 2 1 Forge , 3 io 2 20 1 HA L Es- O 1 68—1 1 Fo un dat n Charter , 9, , WEN , 7 I ' Iale wic k 6 20 202 , 5 , 4 ’ 2 2 iht fler. 7

1 6 0 Hun t in fe lde do 1 82 Ham , Hamme (de) , 3 , 9, 7 , g , Peter , 1 80 1 82 20 u 1 8 2 , , 5 H rst Mill , u 2 H ut h o l 8 Hampton Co rt , , 4 6 2 6 68 Hanworth , 95 Hyde Abbey, , 3 , , 7 3 , 74 , 80 1 80 2 1 Hardwick , , , 4 Har e sfo rd 88 1 0 206 8 p , , 5 , Register , 4 Hawisia u 1 1 1 8 H k e do n 1 0 de Glo cester, 9, 3 y , Vicar , 3 1 1 8 1 8 Henle Manor , , 4 L 6 2 6 2 1 Henry , King, , 3 , 7 3 , 3 I I 8 200 I S o r 2 7 5 . 5 . MMUNITIE Abbeys, 7 , 8 1 0 2 1 6 2 1 . 1 86 200 III 5 , 5 , , , 7

IV ’ 1 I mwo r t h 1 1 2 1 1 35 , Robert ,

V . 1 I o f 1 1 2 39 ne , Ini , laws , 43 , 79, 9

. 1 8 1 1 00 VI 4 , 49 Ing e , William ,

. 1 1 2 0 VII 49, 5 Inigo Jones , 7 8—1 62 . 1 1 1 80 VIII 57 , 5 , Innocent , Pope , u 1 2 Ins rrections, 9 2 u 1 8 de Blois , Bishop , 7 In ndations , 97 , 9 1 02 1 0 Woodlock , , 5 mo n de swe rth He r , John , Abbot, 1 0 aRRo w 2 2 4 J , 3 , 7 Hun e walde sham 80 Hersham , , Jews , W alde sh am 202 B rak e lo n d 3 Whone , , Jocelin of , 7 7 , 7 208 80 j ohn , King , 0 20 He rtl 2 . y , 5 , 7 XIX , Pope , 54 8 1 1 2 Hesle, 5 XXII . , 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 —1 2 Hides of land , , 93, de Benham , Abbot , 5 7 1 2 8 2 1 0 1 Highclere , Cordrey , Abbot , , 5 , 57 1 1 6 2 2 20 Hilda , Abbess , 7 , — ilde lith a 1 de H e r mo n de swe rt h 1 0 1 2 H , Abbess , 7 , 4 4 — H odilre d 1 1 1 1 , 44 , 79 May, Abbot , 4 5 5 u 0 Honori s, Pope , 7 de Medmenham , Abbot , 9 , 1 1 8 1 1 1 Horley , 35 , 3 m le a Ho rn le 6 1 0 1 Ho , y , 4 Parker, 5 , 57 e Ho rse h ill 88 Rut h e rw k 1 01 - 1 2 Hors ll , , de y , ix, 4 , 1 8 Horsley , 4 1 2 8—1 2 Howden , 7 5 de Usk , 3 1 2 Howle, Prior , 97 u ( ) , 7 — J bilee Rome u o 1 6 6 H g h , Abb t ( ) 3 9 ( 2) 2 I 4 K i n c suo ar u AD 82 u 1 , AM DE , , H mber, 5 m 20 86 2 1 Hun e walde sha , 2 , 5 ‘ 2 2 8 lhi ner.

8 6 1 00 1 8 1 1 1 2 Kingston , 4 , 7 7 , 9 , , , Middleton , Milton , 2 1 2 Milan , 7 n C n a e 88 Mimb r id e W in e b ri e 20 206 K appe (La) , La p p , g , g g , 5 , Mix t e n h am Mi x lams 1 2 88 , , 3 , 3 , AL 1 — 1 26 1 2 2 L EHAM , 3 33 , , 37 , Molesey , 9, 5 M o l n s 1 18 I 47 y , John de , 8 2 1 6 u 2 2 Lando, 9, Monkwearmo th , 3 , 7 1 2 1 2 M o n t fic h e t La Strode , 3 , 4 , Gilbert, 95 8 Lea , River, 3 Morcar , 59 6 82 1 2 1 8 1 1 88 Legates , 9, 7 9, Mortmain , 3 , , u 1 u 1 2 1 2 1 Legatine Co ncil , 4 7 , 94 M niments, 4 , 9, 95 u 68 Leiger, Ledger (Excheq er) , , 1 0 1 1 08 1 20 1 N L— - 20 , , , 37 ETE EIGE , Nettle island , 5 1 88 1 1 1 8 1 Leipsic , 7 Newark , , 9 , 54, 1 0 1 6 1 N e wh aw 0 Lewes , 3 , , 3 Lidle e 6 80 g , 5 New Minster , 6 2 1 6 Sir 6 Lincoln , , 3 Nicholas Carew , , 2 2 1 88 Lindisfarne , Pope , 1 1 N i e n h ale 206 2 1 Lindsey , 5 , 79 p p , , 5 Lin fie ld 1 1 1 8 g , 4 Northampton , 99, 9 Lo dde r lak e 88 206 1 2 , , Northlands Mead , 3 L o lle wo rth 82 2 1 N 6 1 88 , , 5 orwich , 9, 1 1 6 0 1 u 1 6 1 London , , , 3 , 35 , 37 , 4 , N ns of Barking , , 7 2 6 6 1 8 1 A n k e rw k e 4 . 59. 7 . 9. 4 . 49. y , 95 1 1 8 2 1 2 1 8 53 , 5 , 3, n 1 06 O L S 2 Lo g Cross , AT AND , viii , u 1 O 1 1 L cy Bishop , 9 blations , 3 1 1 1 8 O Ac le ah t 20 Lyne, 7 , 3 ckley, Acle , , 47 . 7 O 8 dda , 4 M G N 82 8 Odo 1 A A CHARTA , , 7 , Primate , 5 6 1 Magna Charta Island , 95 Abbot , 1 8 1 Off 1 1 80 Maldon , a . 4 , 47 . u 60 O 1 1 2 Malmesb ry , ratories , 1 Ordb r h t 2 Mansas, 94 y , 5 1 62 Orlt o n 1 1 Marlow , Little, , Adam , Bishop , 7 8 80 O 88 Martin , Abbot , 7 7 , 7 , 79, sle , u 2 O 8 1 Ma rice , Bishop , 4 swald , , 5 d 0 1 1 1 Osw 1 1 Me menham , 9 , y , u 1 2 2 1 Ot e rsha h e O 8 Mellit s, 5 , 4 , 7 , 79 g , ttershaw , 8, 1 1 1 2 1 1 8 20 Mercia , , 3 , 4 , 4 8 6 O 1 0 Merstham , 4 , 7 xenford , Thomas de, 5 1 Ox lak e 1 2 20 Merton , 95, 35 , 3 , 3 , 5

2 ° 3 ih wer.

6 1 62 1 80 S . 68 1 8 Ralph Flambard , , , Cross Hospital , , 5 ’ H k e do n 1 0 1 62 S . 1 6 y , Vicar , 3 David s , , 3 d 2 60 8 m u 1 Rea ing, , 53 , , 7 , 79 D nstan , 5 6 —6 8 Edmo n d b u u m s r u . Reb ilding of Abbey , 3 y , B ry S C 1 06—1 08 u 2 60 hancels , Edm nds , , , 77 , 7 9 1 1 Erk e n wald 1 — 1 0 Rectors , 4 m , 4 45 , 47 , 4 , Re dwald 1 1 2—1 I I 0 1 2 , 4 5 54 1 799 991 2 , 20 Re dw n de Re de w n d 1 06 u 1 6 1 1 y , y , , m Ethelb rga , , 7 , 37 , 5 , 1 1 1 20 1 —1 8 1 8 20 1 9, , 35 3 , 4 ’ 2 2 8 6 Registers , 9, 3 , 4 , 54 , 5 , Faith s , 7 7 ’ 6 6 68 8 1 8 0 i 1 1 3 . 4 . . . 7 . 9 Giles Hill Fa r , 4 ’ 2 1 0 1 2 8 1 2 2 Records , 9 , 97 , 5 , , 9, Helen s , Abingdon , 7 ’ 1 6 1 . . u 1 2 2 3 . 37 . 4 m Pa l s Cathedral , 4 , 4 , 7 , 1 6 1 —1 8 1 8 1 1 8 1 2 0 1 Rolls , 3 , 79 5 , 7 , 9 , 35 . 37 . 3 . 4 . 4 . 7 . 5 3 ’ I 2 6 1 9S m Peter s , Chertsey , 9, 4 , 7 7 C e rc e fe lle 2 1 2 6 60 68 1 2 Reig ate , , Westminster, 5 , , , 7 , un de r f Eth e lwo ld 1 1 Restoration , 5 % ’

u S . u 2 Can te , 54 Swith n s , Winchester , 5 , 6 2 1 Richard L , King , 7 , 79, 5

6 S . 6 86 Archbishop , 7 Thomas Becket , 7 5 , 7 , , 1 60 1 1 6 Fox , Bishop , 53 . 7 1 0 u 1 6 1 88 Rason , Vicar , 3 Salisb ry , 7 , d 1 6 Ri ley , Bishop , 3 Samson , Abbot , 77 8 0 1 1 Roches , des , Bishop , 5 , 9 Sandale , Bishop , 3 1 6 Rochester , 54 , 3 Sandgates, 95 k sb ir u 1 1 2 1 S d u 2 1 8 Ro e , Roxb ry , 7 , 5 an h rst , 2 6 6 1 1 1 2 1 2 Rome , 4 , 9, 9 , 4 , 7 Sandown , 5 rw k 1 0 1 2 1 8 u o f 8 R uth e y Fields, , Sar m , Dean , 5 1 0 1 —1 2 1 6 1 0 2 John de , ix, 4 , 3 , 4 Missal , 4 1 00 S c ac c arii 1 8 200 2 1 Simon de , Liber, 7 , , 4 1 0 1 S c o t h o W 1 1 8 1 1 William de , , illiam de , , 9 1 8 s 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 8 Rys , 4 Seal , 9 , 99, , 5 , 5 , 2 20

AC S o c 1 8 S e b b i S and , 59, 7 , 44 ’ 2 1 2 S . Alban s , 7 4 , 7 9, 5 Sebert , 4 ’ 1 08 1 1 6 S . Anne s Chapel , , 7 Senlac , 7 1 08 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 0 1 60 Hill , , 7 , 3 , 4 Septennial visitations, 3 , ’ u u u 82 Sh e n e h am 2 1 8 S . A g stine s , Canterb ry , , d 1 2 8 S . Bene ict , 5 Sherborne , B e o c c a 8 ff 1 S . , 4 Sheri s , 7 7 , 95 6 Shi t re e Sith ran 0 20 20 S . Bernard , 3 g , , 3 , 4 , 5, i 2m S . Bon face , 43 2 1 iht h er . 3

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