Initial Environmental Examination
Khurkhure (Highway) – Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project
July 2017
NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Prepared by District Coordination Committee (Chitwan)- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Environmental Assessment Document
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
Khurkhure (Highway) – Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project
July 2017
NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Loan: 3260 Project Number: 49215-001
Prepared by the Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
This Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarilyThe views expressed represent herein those are those of ADB's of the consultantBoard of and Directors, do not necessarily Management, represent or thosestaff ,of and ADB’s may members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. be preliminary in nature.
The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
Initial Environmental Examination
of
Khurkhure (Highway) – Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan
Submitted to Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority Singhadurbar, Kathmandu
Submitted through Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Central Level Project Implementation Unit, Lalitpur
Submitted by District Coordination Committee, Chitwan
July, 2017
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page i Executive Summary (Nepali)
;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z1 k|:tfjs of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg lrtjg lhNnfsf] /fKtL gu/kflnsfsf] v'/v'/] b]lv /fKtL gu/kflnsfsf] -tTsflng sf]/s uf=lj=;=_ ls/0f6f/ hf]8\g] !!=%)) ls=dL= nfdf] x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8s k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf ug{ tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) cGt/u{t lhNnfdf sfof{Gjog lgsfosf] lhDd]jf/L tTsflng lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt lrtjg -xfn lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt lrtjg_ ePsf]n] v'/v'/] -/fhdfu{_–;dL6f/–7s'/L e~Hofª ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] k|:tfjs klg lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, lrtjg xf] . k[i7e"dL e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f ;xof]u,:jL; ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgLdf z'? ePsf] cfof]hgf xf] . o; cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDk kl5 e"sDk If]qdf k'glgdf{0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf sfo{df ;xof]u ug{' xf] . o; cfof]hgfn] ljBfno, ;8s, ;/sf/L ejg k"glg{df0f ul/ ;Defljt k|sf]kaf6 ;dfg's"ng ug{' /x]sf] 5 . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] cf}lrTo e'sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df0f ;DaGwL] P]g, @)&@ / e'sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df0f ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&@ tyf e'sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df0f{sf] nflu jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofªsg ;DaGwL] sfo{ljlw @)&@ -klxnf] ;+;f]wg @)&#_ tyf PlzofnL ljsfz j}+s ;'/If0f gLlt syg - ;]kmuf8{ kf]nL;L :6]6d]G6_, @))(, cg';f/ lhNnf ;8ssf] lgdf{0f ug{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . of] cWoog k|ltj]bg ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfno -;rLj :t/_ sf] @)&@÷!@÷!@ sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ :jLs[t sfo{;"rL (ToR) sf] cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . sfo{;"rLdf o:sf] nDafO !*=*!& ls= dL= /x]sf] 5 hg' k|f/lDes ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . t/ ls/0f6f/ eGbf dflysf] ;8s pRr u|]8sf] ePsf]n] &=#!& ls=dL ;dfa]z ul/Psf] 5}g . To;sf/0f !!=%)) ls=dL= ;8ssf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg agfOPsf] 5 . e'sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{d{f0f ;DaGwL] P]g, @)&@ nfu' eP k|Zrft o; k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f (IEE) sf] k|ltj]bg /fli6«o k'glg{df0f k|flws/0fdf k]z ul/Psf] 5 . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] p2]Zox? k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo pkcfof]hgf If]qsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx? kQf nufpg'sf ;fy} :ynut jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjsf] Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? / ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? af/] ;'emfj lbg' tyf jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' /x]sf] 5 .
1This is Executive Summary of the IEE report in Nepali language and an English version is given in page V
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page ii cWog k|s[of @)&@ ;fn r}q @* b]vL @)&# a}zfv % ut] ;Dd ul/Psf] :ynut e|d0f tyf ;j]{If0fjf6 lnOPsf tYofÍ tyf cGo pknAw tYofÍx? s]nfP/ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjx? lbOPsf 5g\ . k|:tfjsf] ;fGb{lestf o; k|:tfljt ;8s e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) n] lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .o; ;8ssf] k'g{:yfkgf tyf k'glgdf{0f af6 lrtjg lhNnfsf] k"j{ / pQ/ efusf dflg;x?sf] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd tyf b]zsf cGo efu;Fu ef}lts tyf cfly{s kx'Frdf ;xh x'g hfg]5 . cfof]hgfsf] ljj/0f / ljBdfg jftfj/0fLo l:ylt k|:tfljt v'/v'/] – ;dL6f/ – 7s'/L e~HofË ;8s x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8ssf] ?kdf :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu k'g{:yfkgf tyf k'glgdf{0f ug{ k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ ^=@% ld= / hDdf nDafO{ !!=%)) ls=dL=Pj+ ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut g]=? @&),*&^,)&&=@& /x]sf] 5 h;df OlGhlgol/ª nfut g]=? @#$,(*^,(@@=&& /x]sf] 5 . of] ;8s ;d'b|L ;txb]lv @!% dL= sf] prfO{ - v'/v'/] _ af6 z'? eP/ ;dG'b|L ;txb]lv %#% dL= prfOdf /x]sf] 7s'/L e~HofËdf 6+'luG5 . k|:tfljt ;8s pi0f hnjfo' ePsf] If]qdf /x]sf] 5 / o; If]qsf] clwstd tfkqmd udL{ dlxgfdf #^º ;] / Go"gtd tfkqmd hf8f] dlxgfdf #º ;]N;Lo; /x]sf] 5 eg] cf};t jflif{s jiff{ !$)) ld=ld= /x]sf] 5 . of] ;8s v]tL ul/Psf] hdLg, jg, a:tL eP/ hfG5 . ;8s lgdf{0fjf6 v]tL u/Lg] hdLg )=@! x], h+un )=&! x] / a:tL !=)$ x] gf]S;fgL eO{ ;8sdf kl/alt{t x'g]5 . of] ;8sdf ljleGg k|sf/sf r§fg h:t} sf]{; afpn8/, sªnf]d]/]6, :ofG8:6f]g, x\jf6 Dofl;e kmfOg b]lv d]l8od u]|G8 Sjf/hfO6, 8fs{ u|] :n]6, 8fs{ u|] 6' u|LgL; u|] cflb /sx? kfO{G5g\ . o; ;8s v08 dWo hldgL ;d"x / sf7df08f}+ ;d"x cGt{ut dWo g]kfndf kb{5 . of] ;8s l/;]G6 kmd{];g , dWo l;jflns !, dWo l;jflns @, dflyNnf] l;jflns, gf}8fF8f kmd{];gdf kb{5 . ;8s v08df kfgLsf d'Vo >f]tx?df km]bL vf]nf -r]= &±^()_ /x]sf] 5 . k|:tfljs ;8s If]qsf] jfo' tyf kfgLsf] :t/ ;kmf g} /x]sf] b]lvG5 ;fy} Wjlg k|b'if0fsf] ;d:of Go'g 5 . o; ;8ssf] j/Lk/L ;fn, vgfof], asfO{gf], hd'gf cflb k|hfltsf af]6–la?jf kfO{G5g\ . o; If]qdf kfO{g] d'Vo jGohGt'x?df :ofn, b'D;L, cflb kb{5g\ . d}gf, ;'uf, 9's'/ cflb k+IfLx? klg oxfF kfO{G5 . o; ;8sn] s'g} klg ;+/lIft If]q jf dWojtL{ If]q nfO{ 5'b}g t/ of] cfof]hgf ;fd'bflos jg eP/ hfG5 . o; ;8s tTsflng /fKtL gu/kflnsfsf] !) j6f j:tLx?df @()) dflg;x? –%)) 3/–w'/L_ a;f]af; ub{5g . oL j:tLx?df 7s'/Le~HofË, rf}3/f, uf]78fF8f, ls/0f6f/, yfd6f/, sfj/, ;ld6f/, ly|u|'k, a8x/f, v'/v'/] x'g\ . o; ;8sdf kg]{ j:tLx?df a|fDx0f, If]qL, r]kfË, tfdfË / blnt cflb hftLsf] a;f]jf; /x]sf] 5 . v]tLkftL tyf kz'kfng o; If]qsf] d'Vo k]zf /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} gub] afnL klg d'Vo k]zfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf dflg;x?sf] cGo k]zfdf Hofnf dhb'/L, gf]s/L tyf Aofkf/–Aoj;fo /x]sf 5g\ .
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page iii ;sf/fTds k|efj oftfoftsf] ;'ljwfn] :yflgo afl;Gbfx?sf] hLjgdf y'k}| ;sf/fTds k|efj kb{5g\ . ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ :yfgLo jfl;Gbfx?n] ->dLs !*,#&$ bIf >dLs lbg / !@!,(*^ cbIf >dLs _sf] ?kdf /f]huf/L k|fKt ug]{ 5g\ . o; r/0fdf x'g] cGo nfex/mdf Jofkf/sf] a[l4, pkcfof]hgfn] k|bfg u/]sf] zLkd'ns tyf hgr]tgfd'ns tflndsf] cj;/ kb{5g\ .
;8ssf] ;+rfngsf] cj:yfdf To; If]qdf vfBfgsf] cfk"lt{df ;'wf/ eO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs :yfoLTj a9\g hfg]5 . ;fy} ;8s oftfoftn] ubf{ u|fdL0f e]ujf6 ahf/ If]q / ahf/ If]qjf6 u|fdL0f e]udf ;]jf tyf ;fdfgx?sf] cf];f/ k;f/ l56f], 5l/tf], ;'ne tyf ;:tf] x'g hfg]5 . v'/v'/] , 7s'/Le~HofË h:tf If]qdf ahf/ ljsf; eO{ oxfFsf afl;Gbfx?sf] hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ x'g hfg] ;Defjgf 5 . o;sf ;fy} ahf/ If]qsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ hUufsf] d"Nodf ;d]t j[l4 x'g hfg]5 . gsf/fTds k|efj ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ ef}lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjx?df e":jfdLTjsf] k|of]udf jbnfj, r/0f, jfo' tyf kfgLdf k|b"if0f, vg]sf] df6f] hyfefjL kmflnbf kg]{ k|efjx? d'Vo 5g\ . o;} k|sf/ h}ljs k|efj cGtu{t yk )=&!&% x]= jg gf]S;fgL x'g'sf] ;fy} jGohGt'sf] a;f]jf;df cK7\of/f] kg{ hfg]5 . o;sf ;fy} ;fd'bflos jgaf6 $^^-sflnsf ;f=j af6 #$& ?v -;fn, ;fh, asfO{gf]_ / ;Tob]lj ;f=j af6 !!( ?v -;fn, vgfof]_ / lghL hUufaf6 !)^ u/L hDdf %&@ ?v x6fOg]5g\ . cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k|efj cGt/u{t ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ )=@!@% x] v]tL ul/g] hdLgdf ;8s lgdf{0f x'Fbf k|lts'n c;/ kg{ hfg]5 . k|:tfljt ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ lghL ;+/rgf cGtu{t 3/ Kof;]h ) ± %)), # j6f 3/ kvf{n r]g]h -)±%(), )±()), !±$))_, 3/sf] 5fgf] r]g]h ) ±&$%, @ j6f 3/ r]g]h -%±^*), %±(%)_, @ j6f ufO{ uf]7 r]g]h -%±(%), ^±@))_, rkL{ r]g]h *±(#), efG;f r]g]h !) ±%)), k;n r]g]h !! ±)!) x6fpg' kb{5 . o;} u/L ;fj{hlgs ;+/rgf cGtu{t ^ j6f kmnfdsf] ljBl'to kf]n r]g]h )±@%), )±$)), )±&(%, )±*%), !±@(%, !±$)), ljBl'to xfO{6]g;g kf]n r]g]h )±$%%, 6«fG;km/d/ r]g]h )±()) / ljBfnosf] kvf{n r]g]h @±^%) x6fpg' kg]{ x'G5 .
;8s ;~rfngsf] r/0fdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfjudgaf6, jiff{ofdsf] kfgLaf6 jf ?v lj/mjf sf6\bf cl:y/tf a9\g uO{ e"Io x'g ;Sg]5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] a[l4n] w'nf] tyf WjgL k|b'if0f a9\g]5 .
;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfo 7]s]bf/ / sfdbf/sf nflu ljleGg jftfj/0fLo tyf hgr]tgf d"ns tflndx? -cfocfh{g, OlGhlgol/u+ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf h}ljs k|ljlwsf sfd ;DaGwL_ lbO{g] 5g\ . ;8s lgdf{0fsf s|ddf sDtLdf @)% dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ul/G5 . gsf/fTds k|efj Go"lgs/0fsf pkfo le/fnf] hldgnfO Aoa:yfkg ug{ jfof]OlGhgLol/Ë -h}ljs_ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 / To;}u/L tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf df6f] kmfNg] sfd ul/g] 5 . 6]jf kvf{n nufO{ df6f] pTvgg\ / kmfNg] sfo{nfO Aoa:yfkg ul/g] 5 . ;8sdf k/]sf] hUuf tyf cGo ;+/rgf, ;Dkltsf] k|fKtL tyf Ifltk"lt{ ;DjlGw s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\g 5'§} k'g{jf; of]hgf agfO{Psf] 5 . sfdbf/x?nfO{ sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ ;'/Iffsf ;fwgx? -x]Nd]6, df:s, dkmN;_ lbO{g] 5 / sfdbf/sf] nflu vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ tyf c:yfO{ vfN6] rkL{ x? agfOg] 5g\ . ;fy]}
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page iv kfgLsf] >f]tdf vlgPsf] df6f] kmflng] 5}g . sfdbf/x?sf] nflu cf}ifwL tyf b'3{6gf aLdfsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
;8s lgdf{0fsf] nfuL jg If]q k|of]hg ug{ lhNnf jg sfof{no -lh=j=sf=_ af6 l:js[tL lng' kg]{ 5 . o;} k|sf/, ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ :j?k !!,^%) ?vx? -!M@% sf] cg'kftdf_ j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]u -;fd'bflos jgnfO{ cg'dflgt nfut g]?= @,$&#,)^@=)) ;fy} :yfgLo jfl;GbfnfO{ !)^ ?vx? !M! sf] cg'kftdf -cg'dflgt nfut g]? ^,!*)=*^ j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ ;xof]u lbOg]5 . ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ j[Iff/f]k0f u/fpg / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]uj[Iff/f]k0f ug{ ;xof]u lbOg]5 .
;fj{hlgs k/fdz{ tyf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f P]g @)%#, jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ sf] cg';f/ !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf /fhwfgL b}lgsdf lj=;+= @)&@÷!@÷!( df k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt gu/kflnsf, lh=j=sf=, tTsflng lh=lj=;=, ljBfno, :jf:y rf}sL tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf AolQm jf ;+:yfx?af6 /fo ;'´fa ;+sngsf] nfuL k|sfzLt u/l/Psf] lyof] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f agfpg] ;dodf ;8s lgdf{0f glhssf j:tLx?df, lzIfs tyf cGo :yfgLo AolStx?;Fu k|:tfjLt pkcfof]hgfaf6 kg{ hfg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds c;/ jf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;fj{hlgs 5nkmn u/LPsf] lyof] . o;}sf] cfwf/df k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;lxt g]kfnL sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z, ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? tyf gs/fTds k|efj Go'gLs/0f pkfox? / jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf ;dfj]z u/L /fo ;'´fjsf] nfuL ;fj{hlgs ul/of] . o;}u/L PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s / /fli6«o k'glg{df0f k|flws/0faf6 cfPsf] /fo ;'´fj ;dfj]z u/L k|fl/Des jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg :jLs[tLsf] nfuL k7fOg]5 . l:js[t k|ltj]bg ;/f]sf/jfnf / cGo AolQm jf ;+:yfx?sf] kx'rsf] nfuL lrtjg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldtLsf] ;'rgf s]Gb|, PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s, /fli6«o k'glgdf{0f k|flws/0f tyf e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) sf] j]e;fO6df /flvg]5 .
U'fgf;f] lgbfg ;+oGq (Grievance Redress Mechanism) :yfgLo lgsfo tyf k|efljt AolStx?sf] ;DalGwt u'gf;f]x?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ rf/ txsf] U'fgf;f] lgbfg ;+oGqsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . k|efljt AolStn] cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt hgu'gf;f] p7fpg kfpg]5g\ / o:tf hgu'gf;f]sf] pkcfof]hf :t/b]lv u'gf;f] lgbfg ;ldtL (Grievance Redress Committee) ;Dd ;'g'jfOsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf (Environmental Management Plan) o; k|ltj]bgdf jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf cGtu{t cfof]hgfaf6 kg]{ ;+efljt c;/x?, c;/x?sf] k|efj, Go"lgs/0f ljlw, cg'udg ljlw tyf sfo{tflnsf k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox?sf] tyf cg'udg sfo{sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . cg'udgsf nflu cfjZos ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs–cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0fsf ljleGGf cg'udg ;'rfÍx?sf] klg klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;d:6Lut ?kdf cfof]hgf :t/sf] cg'udg /fli6«o k'glgdf{0f k|flws/0f, dGqfnosf] jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg zfvfaf6 x'g]5 eg] pkcfof]hgf :t/sf] cg'udg k|To]s lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{Gjog zfvfdf /x]sf] jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff sIf (Environmental Safeguard Desk) af6 x'g]5 . jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf sfo{fGjog ug{ hDdf ? !)$,!$*,!%@=@& vr{ x'g] cg'dfg
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IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page vi Executive Summary (English)
Proponent This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report has been prepared for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of 11.500 km long all weather district road connecting Khurkhure of Rapti Municipality-8(then Rapti Municipality-10) and Kirantar of Rapti Municipality-10 (then Korak VDC-8) in Chitwan district. The District Coordination Committee (DCC) then DDC is the implementing agency at the district level under Asian Development Bank (ADB)/ Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and GoN funded Earthquake Emergency Assistance project (EEAP) and the proponent of the IEE study for the road sub-project.
Background EEAP is a project being implemented by convenient loan and grant assistance from ADB, grant technical assistance from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), counterpart funding from Government of Nepal (GoN). The goal of the project is to support Government of Nepal to accelerate recovery and reconstruction following the devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. The project will support the rebuilding of schools, roads, and district-level government buildings, and strengthen resilience to future disasters.
Rationale of the IEE Preparation of IEE for district road is mandatory according to Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2015, and Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2016, Working procedure relating with Environment Impact Asseeement for reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2016 and first amendment (2016) as well as and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009. This IEE report of Khurkhure (Highway) – Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang road sub-project in Chitwan district is prepared based on the Terms of Reference (ToR) approved on 25/03/2016 A.D by the Secretary level decision of the Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD) Length of Road in approved ToR was 18.817 km on the basis of initial survey but due to high grade of road after Kirantar, 7.317 Km is not included. Therefore, IEE report has been prepared for the length of 11.500 km length. With the promulgation of Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2015 and the final IEE report will be submitted to NRA for approval.
Objectives of the IEE study The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio- economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area and recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare and implement environmental management plan for the sub-project.
Methodology The findings and conclusions of the initial environmental examination report are based on the analysis of the information collected from the field from 10-17 April 2016 AD by undertaking a walk-through environmental survey along the proposed route and secondary information supplemented by the social and technical teams working on the resettlement survey and detail survey.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page vii Relevancy of the Proposal The proposed road is under construction of EEAP.The reconstruction and rehabilitation of this road will provide physical and economical accesses to the people of north and east part to district headquarters and other parts of the country.
Description of the Project and its Environment The Khurkhure (Highway) - Samitar - Thakuri Bhanjyang road is a district road and has been proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction of all time weather road. The road formation width is 6.25 m and total length of this road is 11.500 km with total project work cost is NRs. 270,876,077.27 of which NRs 234,986,922.77 is civil cost.
The elevation of road ranges from 215 masl at Khurkhure to 535 masl at Kirantar. This sub- project has tropical climate and the maximum summer temperature is 360C and minimumwinter temperature 30C respectively. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1,400mm. The road passes through agricultural land, forest land and settlement area. Total of 0.21 ha agricultural land, 0.71 ha forest area and 1.04 ha settlement area will be converted to the road built up area.
The proposed road consist of different types of rocks like Coarse boulders ,conglomerates, white massive fine to medium grained quartzites, Dark grey slates, Black, dark grey to greenish grey, with regular beds and lenses of sandstones. The road lies in Mid-land group and Kathmandu group of Mid Nepal. This road lies in Majority of road passes through recent formation followed by Recent formation followed by Middle Siwalik 1, Middle Siwalik 2, Upper Siwalik and Naudanda Formation.The road passes through Fedi khola (Ch 7+690). Ambient air and water quality in the proposed project area is found to be good and there is less noise pollution.
The dominant forest species reported along the forest of the proposed road are Sal (Shorea robusta), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Khanayo (Ficus cunia), Bakaino (Melia azedarach), Jamuna (Syzygiun cumini). The wild animals reported in the forests of proposed road corridor are Syal (Canis aureus) and Dumsi (Hystrix indica). Similarly, birds are Maina (Acridotheres tristis), Suga (Psittacula alexandri), Dhukur (Streptopella senegalensis) etc. The road does not fall under any protected or buffer zone area. However, the road passes through two community forest (Kalika C.F and Satya Devi C.F).
There are 10 settlements along the ZoI of the proposed road in then Rapti Municipality and Korak VDC’s with population of 2,900 persons (500 households).These settlements are Thakuri Bhanjyang, Chaughara, Gothdanda, Kirantar, Thamtar, Kawar, Samitar, Three group, Badahara and Khurkhure. Generally Brahmin/Chhetri, Chepang, Tamang, Gurung and Dalit live within the settlements of this road.
The main occupation of the people residing along the proposed road is agriculture and livestock and cash crops. People are carrying out other economic activities like working as labor, business.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page viii Beneficial Impacts Transporatation facility benefits local people in various aspects. The immediate beneficial impacts from road development during the construction phase are employment opportunity (18,374 skilled and 121,986) unskilled person days). Other beneficial impacts include enhancement of local business, development in skills of affected people from skill developing training, awareness raising training and involvement in the construction of the project.
During operation stage, an improved road access will bring an improvement of food security situation and overall economic and social stability. The road will also provide cheap, safe and fast transport of goods and services from rural areas to urban centers and vice versa. There is a possibility of increased economic opportunities and significant growth and extension of the local markets along the road like in Chitwan and near settlements. In addition, construction of road will lead to appreciation of land values particularly near the market and settlement areas.
Adverse Impacts The physical adverse impacts during construction of the road will be due to change in landownership, air, dust and water pollution and hapzard spoil disposal. Similarly, biological impacts during construction will be loss of additional 0.71 ha forest area and disturbance to wildlife and bird habitat. Total of 572 trees, 466 from CFs (347 trees like Sal (Shorea robusta), Bakaino (Melia azedarach) from Kalika and 119 trees like Sal (Shorea robusta), Khanayo (Ficus cunia) from Satya Devi C.F) and 106 from private land will be cleared.
Socio-economic impacts during the construction works will be loss of 0.21 ha agricultural land. During upgrading the road 5m in either side from the center point of the road; house passage at the ch. 0+500, 3 house wall at the chainage ( 0+590, 0+900 and 1+400), house roof at the chainage 0+745, 2 house at Ch 5+680 5+950, 2 cattle shade at Ch (5+950, 6+200), toilet at the ch 8+930, Kitchen at the ch 10+500 and shop at the chainage 11+010 should be removed. In the public structure 6 electric pole at the ch 0+250, 0+400, 0+795, 0+850, 1+295 and 1+400, electric hitension pole at the chainage 0+455, transformer at the chainage 0+900, wall of school at the ch. 2+650 should be removed.
During operation stage, vehicular movement, monsoon rain, grazing of animals and cutting of trees on the unstable slopes might result in slope instability and hence erosion and landslides might occur. Vehicular emissions will result in air and noise pollution
Benefit Augmentation Measures Life skill training such as income generation activities, construction of soft engineering structures and bioengineering works for workers and contractors will be conducted. Awareness rising and environmental awareness trainings will be provided. More emphasis will be given to women workers as at least 20% workers should be women.
Mitigation Measures Bioengineering will be done to stabilize slopes and spoils will be disposed in identified spoil disposal sites. There is provision of toe walls for balancing cut and fill volume. A separate Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared to address land and property acquisition as well
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page ix as compensation issues. The construction of road will be based on Contract. Affected families will be given high priority for employment and skill development trainings. The workers will be provided with helmets, masks, muffles depending on the nature of the construction work. Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be constructed and disposal of excavated materials in the water bodies will be avoided. Workers will be provided with medicines and group accidental insurance facility.
Forestry clearance approval will be obtained from the District Forest Office (DFO) in order to fell tree from the construction site. CFUGs will be provided support through DFO for the compensatory plantation of 11,650 seedlings at the ratio of 1:25 compensation trees) and protection for 5 years (with estimated cost of NRs 2,473,062.00 in their CFs). Similarly, plantation of 106 trees (estimated cost is NRs 6,180.86.) will be done in private lands (at the ratio of 1:1).
During operation stage, minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology. Appropriate sign boards will be erected informing drivers about prohibition of blowing horns in the forest areas and potential areas for wildlife crossing. For developing managed settlement, awareness programs will be conducted. Appropriate road safety measures will be applied.
Public Consultation and Information Disclosure In order to prepare the IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Thakuribhanjyang road sub-project, 15 days public notice was published on 01/04/2016 A.D in Rajdhani National daily newspaper seeking written opinions from concerned Municipality (thenVDCs), DCC(then DDC), DFO, CFUGs, schools, health posts and related local organizations. Public consultation was done with the local people living near the road, teachers and local leaders during the preparation of IEE report. Similarly, meetings were held with the local community in order to aware them of incoming road sub-project and to identify the possible beneficial and adverse impacts due to this sub-project.
IEE report along with executive summary, identified impacts, recommended benefit augmentation and mitigation measures and EMP was prepared in Nepali language for public disclosure. Likewise, after the incorporation of comments from ADB and NRA, final IEE report will be sent for approval. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested parties and the general public through the information center of Chitwan DCC and websites of NRA, ADB and EEAP.
Grievance Redress Mechanism A four level Grievance Redress Mechanism has been provision in project to address the grievances of local bodies and affected person. Affected person can register grievances related to project. These grievances will be addressed from sub-project level to Grievance Redress Committee (GRC).
Environmental Management Plan An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed with present report including issues identified, possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation and monitoring method and schedule. Different monitoring indicators on physical, biological, socio-economic
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page x and cultural environment have also identified. Overall project level monitoring will be conducted through the environmental management section (EMS) of NRA whereas the sub- project level monitoring will be arranged through safeguard desk in each DTO. For the implementation of EMP, total amount of NRS 104,148,152.27 has been proposed. Out of which, NRs 100,818,909.41 has been included in civil work cost already. This does not include the cost required for implementation of Resettlement Plan (RP) and Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Plan.
Conclusion and Recommendation The IEE study of the proposed Khurkhure (Highway)- Samitar - Thakuri Bhanjyang road sub- project reveals that the benefits from the implementation of the proposed road project are more significant and long term in nature against the adverse impacts most of which could be mitigated or avoided. Therefore, this IEE is sufficient for approval of the proposed road sub- project. This sub-project is recommended for the implementation with the incorporation of mitigation measures and environmental management.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page xi Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.1.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project ...... 1 1.2 Implementing Unit ...... 2 1.3 Consultant ...... 3 1.4 Objectives of the ToR ...... 3 1.5 Objectives of the IEE ...... 3 1.6 Rationale of the Study ...... 4 1.7 Limitations of the Study: ...... 4 2. Detail on Reconstruction/Rehabilitation Work ...... 5 2.1 Location and Access ...... 5 2.2 Salient Features of the Sub-project ...... 9 2.3 Components and Activities of the Sub-project ...... 10 2.3.1 Construction Approach ...... 10 2.3.2 Construction Materials Required ...... 10 2.4 Implementation Schedule ...... 11 2.5 Human Resource ...... 11 2.6 Land Requirement ...... 11 2.7 Cost and benefit ...... 12 2.8 Imapct Zone ...... 12 2.9 Environment Protection Policy ...... 12 3. Methodology Adopted ...... 13 3.1 Desk Study and Literature Review ...... 13 3.1.1 Preparation of Household Survey Questionnaire, FGD and Checklists ...... 13 3.2 Project Area Delineation ...... 14 3.3 Field Investigation ...... 14 3.4 Initial Interaction and Public Consultation ...... 16 3.5 Database Preparation, Interpretation, Identification, Prediction and Evaluation of Impact ...... 19 3.6 Study Team ...... 20 3.7 Information Disclosure ...... 20 4. Description of the Existing Environment ...... 22 4.1 Physical Environment ...... 22 4.1.1 Topography and Geomorphology...... 22 4.1.2 Land Use ...... 24 4.1.3 Climate and Hydrology ...... 24 4.1.4 Landslide and Erosion Prone Area ...... 24 4.1.5 Air, Noise and Water Quality ...... 24 4.1.6 Seismicity of the Project Area ...... 25 4.2 Biological Environment ...... 25 4.2.1 Vegetation and Forest ...... 25 4.2.2 Mammals ...... 27 4.2.3 Birds ...... 28 4.2.4 Fish ...... 28 4.2.5 Protected Flora and Fauna ...... 28 4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ...... 28
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page xii 4.3.1 District Context ...... 28 4.3.2 Direct Impact Area ...... 29 Population Distribution ...... 29 Caste/Ethnicity ...... 29 4.3.3 Core Poject Area ...... 34 4.3.4 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households ...... 35 4.4 Status of Earthquake: ...... 35 5. Impacts of Reconstruction Plan Implementation on Environment ...... 37 5.1 Beneficial Impacts ...... 37 5.1.1 Construction Phase...... 37 5.1.2 Operation Phase ...... 38 5.2 Adverse Impacts ...... 38 5.2.1 Construction Phase...... 38 5.2.2 Operation Phase ...... 41 5.3 Climate Change Impacts ...... 42 5.4 Cumulative Impact ...... 44 6. Analysis of Alternatives ...... 46 6.1 No Action Alternative ...... 46 6.2 Proposal Alternatives ...... 46 6.3 Alternative Alignment ...... 46 6.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach ...... 46 6.5 Alternative Schedule and Process ...... 46 6.6 Alternative Resources ...... 46 6.7 No Forest Alternative ...... 47 7. Environmental Impact, Augumentation, Remedial and Mitigation Measures ...... 48 7.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase ...... 48 7.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design ...... 48 7.2 Beneficial and Benefit Augmentation Measures ...... 48 7.2.1 Construction Phase...... 48 7.2.2 Operation Phase ...... 49 7.3 Adverse Impacts Mitigation Measures ...... 49 7.3.1 Construction Phase...... 49 7.3.2 Operation Phase ...... 53 7.4 Climate Change Impacts ...... 55 8. Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project ...... 56 9. Environmental Management Plan ...... 62 9.1 Institutions and Their Roles ...... 62 9.2 Implementation of Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measures ...... 65 9.3 Mitigation Cost for Executing the Environmental Management Plan ...... 77 9.3.1 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities ...... 77 9.3.2 Major Costs for Environmental Safeguard Measures ...... 78 9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal ...... 79 9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring ...... 79 9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring ...... 79 9.4.3 Impact Monitoring ...... 80 9.4.4 Project Performance Monitoring ...... 80 9.4.5 Safeguards Monitoring ...... 80 9.5 Monitoring Parameters ...... 81
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page xiii 9.5.1 Pre-Construction Phase ...... 81 9.5.2 Construction Phase...... 81 9.5.3 Operation Phase ...... 81 9.6 Monitoring Indicators ...... 82 9.7 Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 89 10. Conclusion and Recommendation ...... 92 References ...... 93
List of Tables Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDC/Municipality of Chitwan District ...... 2 Table 2: Salient Feature of the Sub-project ...... 9 Table 3: Sub-project Implementation Schedule ...... 11 Table 4 : Required Land to Acquire for the Road Construction ...... 12 Table 5: Categories of Several Project-affected Areas ...... 14 Table 6: Summary of Meeting Minutes ...... 17 Table 7: Summary of the Surface Geology along the Road ...... 22 Table 8: Soil Type along the Road Alignment ...... 23 Table 9: Land Use Type along the Road ...... 24 Table 10: C.F Forest along the Road ...... 27 Table 11: List of Protected Flora and Fauna found along the Project Area ...... 28 Table 12: Distribution of Population with Household along the ZoI ...... 29 Table 13: Distribution of Population with Caste /ethnicity along the ZoI ...... 30 Table 14: Major Existing Agricultural Production (Cereals, Cash Crops, Livestock) ...... 31 Table 15: Religious, Cultural and Historical Sites ...... 34 Table 16: Municipality along the Road ...... 34 Table 17: Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project ...... 35 Table 18: Types of Climate Change Impacts, Possible Consequences for Transport and Insight from Climate Change Scenarios on Regions Affected and Associated Level of Confidence ...... 43 Table 19: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 56 Table 20: Institutions and their Roles ...... 62 Table 21: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures ...... 66 Table 22 : Likely Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures ...... 68 Table 23: Environemntal Monitoring Cost ...... 78 Table 24: Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures ...... 78 Table 25: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE ...... 82 Table 26: Compliance Monitoring for Khurkhure (Highway) – Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Sub-project ...... 84 Table 27: Impact/Effect Monitoring of Khurkhure (Highway)– Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Sub-project ...... 86
List of Figures Figure 1: Map showing Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Sub-project in Chitwan District ...... 6 Figure 2: Map showing Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road ...... 7 Figure 3: Ecological Map of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Sub- project ...... 8
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page xiv Figure 4: Geological Map of the Road and Surrounding Area ...... 23 Figure 5 : Seismic Risk Map of Nepal ...... 25 Figure 6: Percentage of HHs with Occupation ...... 30 Figure 7: Land Holding Pattern of Settlements along the Road Corridor ...... 33 Figure 8: Number of Households belonging to different Food Security Category ...... 33 Figure 9: Status of Earthquake ...... 35 Figure 10: Environmental Management Organisation Structure ...... 65 Figure 11: Flow Diagram for Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 90
Appendices Appendix I: Approved ToR for IEE Study ...... 95 Appendix II: Climate Change Checklist ...... 108 Appendix III: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ...... 111 Appendix IV: Environmental Checklist ...... 116 Appendix V: Project cost ...... 125 Appendix VI: Public Notice ...... 143 Appendix VII: Deed of Enquiry (Muchulka) ...... 146 Appendix VIII: Recommendation Letters ...... 154 Appendix IX: Meeting Minutes with Local People ...... 157 Appendix X: Socio-economic Data of Sub-project Area ...... 164 Appendix XI: Name of Organization Contacted ...... 169 Appendix XII: List of Persons Contacted ...... 170 Appendix XIII: Trees to be Cut Down ...... 171 Appendix XIV: Detail Information of Affected structure ...... 184 Appendix XV: Photographs ...... 194
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page xv ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Person CBO Community Based Organization CDC Compensation Determination Committee CDO Chief District Officer CF Community Forest CFUG Community Forest Users Group Ch Chainage CISC Central Implementation Support Consultants CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CLPIU Central Level Project Implementation Unit CR Critically Endangered DADO District Agriculture Development Office DCC District Coordination Committee DDC District Development Committee DIA Direct Impact Area DFO District Forest Office/Officer DIMU District Implementation Management Unit DoLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads DOR Department of Road DLPIU District Level Project Implementation Unit DPR Detail Project Report DRCN District Road Core Network DSC Design and Supervision Consultant DTO District Technical Office EA Executing Agency EARF Environment Assessment Review Framework EEAP Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project EFLG Environment Friendly Local Government Framework EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMG Environmental Management Guidelines EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environment Management Setion EN Endangered EPA Environment Protection Act EPR Environment Protection Rules FGD Focus Group Discussion GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion GHG Green House Gases GO/NGO Governmental Organization/ Non-Governmental Organization GoN Government of Nepal GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism Ha Hectare Hh Household
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page xvi IEE Initial Environmental Examination IIA Indirect Impact Area ILO International Labour Organization IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KII Key Informants Interview LAC Local Area Committee LC Least Concern LDO Local Development Officer LR/nt Lower Risk/Near Threatened MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action NCB National Competitive Bidding NRs Nepali Rupees NTFPs Non Timber Forest Products PIU Project Implementation Unit PMC Project Management Consultant PMU Project Management Unit RoW Right of Way RM Rural Municipality RP Resettlement Plan SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment TMO Transport Management Office ToR Terms of Reference UN United Nation VDC Village Development Committee ZoI Zone of Influence
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page xvii 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) is a project being implemented with the loan financing of ADB, Swiss technical support and counterpart funding from the Government of Nepal (GoN). EEAP will support GoN to accelerate recovery and reconstruction following the devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. The Project covers 12 affected districts2 in eastern, middle and western development region of Nepal. The project will support rebuilding of schools, roads and district-level government buildings, and strengthening resilience to future disasters. A total of 450 km district roads damaged by the earthquakes and landslides will be rehabilitated and reconstructed under the EEAP. Project roads and bridges will be rehabilitated following the Build Back Better features for road safety and climate resilience.
2. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) under the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) is the implementing agency for the district roads sub-component. EEAP has established a Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CLPIU), headed by Project Manager to implement the rehabilitation and reconstruction program. CLPIU is supported through its District Level Project Implementation Unit (DLPIU). The technical and environmental supervision is supported by DCC/DTO with cleanup reinstatement of the construction sites.
1.1.1 Relevancy of the Sub-project 3. The road passes through Rapti Municipality 8 and 10 (then Rapti Municipality 10 and 11 and Korak VDC 5 and 8). This road links and provides accessibility to people of eastern and northern part of Chitwan with district headquarters.
4. Construction of this road will provide easy physical and economical access to the people within zone of influence (ZoI). This road can serve as a means and catalyst for different development activities like water supply, irrigation, health and education in the area. Local productions can get market with improved transportation facility so that people from the area may have better earning opportunities. Moreover, this road will save considerable travel time and improve income generation potentials, enhance commercial opportunities and improve market accessibility. This road will also provide short-term employment opportunity by engaging the rural poor people in construction of the road. Such people based development efforts will reinstall economic activities in the area by creating long term employment and other opportunities too.
5. Environmental safeguard measures are vital in order to assess the environmental consequences of the proposed rural road for rehabilitation and upgrading in order to suggest appropriate, practical and site specific mitigation and augmentation measures. Hence, the terms of reference (ToR) is prepared to conduct an IEE of of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar Thakuri Bhanjyang Road, Chitwan District under EEAP.
2 Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Kavrepalanchok, Dolakha, Ramechhap, Solukhumbu, Okhaldhunga, Chitwan, Gorkha, Lamjung and Sinduli
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 1 6. Government of Nepal has declared the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4 metropolitan cities. The restructured bodies have come into force with the publication of notice by MoFALD in Nepal Gazette on 10th March, 2017. The village assembly and municipal assembly will make decision on this after the election in rural municipality and municipality.
7. With the publication of this notice by GoN, old local bodies like VDCs/DDCs are dissolved. A previous VDC has virtually turned into ward(s) of the municipality or ward(s) of Rural Municipality (RM). MoFALD has circulated local level administrative operation order, 2073 for continuing and managing services at local level untill the elected members take over the rural municipality, municipality and district assembly. DDC will be operated in name of District coordination committee (DCC). The duties and responsibilities of DDC will be carried by DCC. Project run by DDC will be run by DCC for this fiscal year. Multi-year project run by DDC, funded by GON and donor agencies, will be operated as per decision of ministry. This report presents the role and responsibility of institution for implementing environment management plan in a model, before the publication of restructuring notice. The role and responsibility has and further will be automatically transferred to concerned agencies as GoN decision related to restructuring of local level.
8. The project affected VDC has been restructured.The project affected wards 5 and 8 of Korak VDC are now restructured as ward – 10 of Rapti Municipality. Also wards 10 and 11 of Rapti municipality have also been restructured as Rapti municipality – 8 (please refer Table 1 for detail). Then office of Rapti Municipality will be the centre of Rapti Municipality. Office of then DDC, Chitwan has been acting as office of distict coordination committee.
Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDC/Municipality of Chitwan District
VDC/Municipality Ward of then Current Reformation mentioned in Report VDC/Municipality Rapti Municipality 10, 11 Rapti Municipality – 8 Korak VDC 5,8 Rapti Municipality – 10
1.2 Implementing Unit 9. This IEE Report has been prepared for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of 11.500 km long road connecting Khurkhure of Rapti Municipality – 8 (then Rapti Municipality-10) with Kirantar of Rapti Municipality – 10 (then Korak VDC – 5) in Chitwan District.
10. The District Coordination Committee (DCC), Chitwan is the implementing agency at the district level under Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of road sub-project.
Address: District Cordination Committee, Chitwan Phone: 056-520147 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.ddcchitwan.gov.np/
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 2 1.3 Consultant Central Implementation Support Consultant (CISC) Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) Ekantakuna, Lalitpur P.O. Box 113 Telephone No: 977-1-5543142/43 Fax No: 977-1-5543144 E-mail: [email protected] website: http://www.drilpnepal.org
11. Af-Iteco Ltd., Switzerland acting as Central Implementation Support Consultant of EEAP has awarded consultancy services to the Joint Venture of BEAM Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Cemeca Consultant Pvt. Ltd and Digicon Engineering Consult Pvt. Ltd.
BEAM Consultants Pvt. Ltd Sanepa, Lalitpur, Nepal Tel: 01-5542783/ 5520577 Website:http://www.beamconsultant.com Email: [email protected]
1.4 Objectives of the ToR 12. The ToR acts as a guideline for the preparation of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the sub-project to fulfill the requirements of act/rule and working procedure of GoN as well as ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009. Besides, other specific objectives of the ToR were:
To identify the different environmental issues that are consequences of the Sub-project activities To delineate the specific activities to perform on IEE study, To identify all the potential beneficial and adverse impacts likely to arise as a result of the implementation of the Sub-project, To set out a time frame with the required expert manpower for carrying out the IEE study together with the necessary budget required, To systematize the Working Procedures, To identify data requirements and describe methodologies to collect data and information, To provide framework for accomplishing the work within specified timeframe.
1.5 Objectives of the IEE 13. The main objective of the IEE is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio- economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area and to propose mitigation measures to avoid, mitigate, reduce and minimize such impacts. The specific objectives of the proposed IEE study include to:
Identify the major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical, socioeconomic and cultural environment of the project area Recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement of beneficial impact, prepare and implement environmental monitoring plan for the sub- project
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 3 Make sure that IEE is sufficient for the proposed road sub-project Provide information on the general environmental setting of Khurkhure (Highway)- Samitar Thakuri Bhanjyang area as baseline data.
1.6 Rationale of the Study 14. An IEE of the upgrading road is necessary in order to assess the environmental consequences of the rural road construction activities and suggest appropriate, practical and site specific mitigation and enhancement measures. This is District road core network (DRCN)3 according to Nepal Rural Road Standard (2055) 1st Revision, September 2012 of the Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads. Therefore, it is a legal requirement by the Government of Nepal (GoN) according to Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2015, Rules relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2016, Work procedure relating with Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2016 (first amendment, 2016).
1.7 Limitations of the Study 15. The study has following limitations:
Site specific EMP has to be prepared during the construction phase.
3 A Road within the district joining a VDC headquarter (HQ or a growth centre to the district HQ directly or via other VDC(s), a neighboring district HQ or the strategic road network is called “district road core network”. Other roads which are not included in this network are village road.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 4 2. Detail on Reconstruction/Rehabilitation Work 2.1 Location and Access
16. The proposed Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang road sub-project lies in the northern-east part of Chitwan district in Province 3 of Nepal. It starts from Khurkhure of Rapti Municipality -8 (then Rapti Municipality-10) at an altitude of 215 masl and ends at Kirantar of Rapti Municipality-10 (then Korak VDC) at an altitude of 535 masl in Chitwan district. It passes through 10 major settlements: Thakuri Bhanjyang, Chaughara, Gothdanda, Kirantar, Thamtar, Kawar, Samitar, Three group, Badahara and Khurkhure. The road does not pass through any protected areas, historically and archaeologically sensitive areas.
17. The road is earthen with few vehicles playing on it daily. It starts at Khurkhure, which is along the East-West high way of Chitwan. Starting point of road head is 11 km from Ratnanagar Municipality and 15.7 km from Sauraha. The road is priority road of DCC, Chitwan as it provides access to 500 household of Rapti Municipality.
18. This road has been proposed for bituminous upgrading for rehabilitation and reconstruction. The road passes through forests, cultivated land and settlement area crossing stream (khola) named fedi khola at the chainage of 7+690. Length of this road is 11.500 km and formation width is 6.25 m. Total project cost of the road for IEE is estimated NRs. 270,876,077.27 with civil cost is NRs 234,986,922.77 (Refer Appendix V). The location of the road is illustrated by the Figure 1, 2 and ecological features by the Figure 3.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 5
Figure 1: Map showing Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Sub- project in Chitwan District
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 6
Figure 2: Map showing Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 7
Figure 3: Ecological Map of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Sub-project
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 8 2.2 Salient Features of the Sub-project 19. The salient features of road sub-project are presented in Table 2.
Table 2: Salient Feature of the Sub-project
Parameter Descriptions Start point Khurkhure of Rapti Municipality-8 (then Rapti Municipality-10) End point Kirantar of Rapti Municipality-10 (then Korak VDC-5) DTMP code 35DR019 Scope Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub - Project starting date March,2015 Sub - Project ending date June, 2018 Geographical features Terrain Terai Alignment Plain and rolling Altitude 215 masl to 535 masl Climate Tropical Geology Dun Valley belonging to Inner Terai Classification of road District Road Core Network (DRCN) Length of Road 11.500 km Current Standard of Pavement Earthen Proposed Standard of Pavement Bituminous Construction period Three Years Design speed 20 km per hour Minimum radius in horizontal curve 10 m Maximum Gradient 12% Minimum Gradient 0.5% Name of settlements Thakuri Bhanjyang, Chaughara, Gothdanda, Kirantar, Thamtar, Kawar, Samitar, Three group, Badahara and Khurkhure. No. of households 500 Municipality along the road Rapti Municipality Cross-section Right of way 10 m on either sides (Center line) Formation width 6.25 m (includes 1m drainage & 0.75 m Shoulder) Carriage way 3.75 m Shoulder width 0.75 m on either side
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 9 Parameter Descriptions Retaining structures Stone masonry Wall 990.835 cum Gabion Retaining and Breast Walls 1,455.00 cum. Bioengineering works (NRs.) 666,584.23 Earthwork Cutting 60,040.60 cum. Filling 7,716.97cum. Cost Total Civil Cost (NRs.) 234,986,922.77 Total EMP Cost (NRs.) 104,148,152.27 Mitigation Cost (NRs.) 3,129,242.86 Monitoring Cost (NRs.) 200,000.00 Bio-engineering Cost (NRs.) 716,308.31 Total Project cost* 270,876,077.27 Employment generation (Total person/days) Skilled Manpower 18,374 Unskilled Manpower 121,986
2.3 Components and Activities of the Sub-project
Total length of the road is 11.500 km with 6.25 m formation width. Project components are: construction of structures like stone masonry wall, gabion retaining as well as earthwork like cutting and filling. Retaining wall, earthwork like site clearance, Bioengineering, spoil disposal management, compensatory plantation are the activities during the construcion of this road sub-project.
2.3.1 Construction Approach 20. Implementation of road sub-project works shall be carried out employing Labour by the contractor with following features:
Use of labour, hand tools and small equipment and heavy machinery for construction. Balancing cut and fill as well as reuse of excavated materials as construction materials, and managing excess spoils as far as possible. Use of bio-engineering techniques with integrated use of vegetation, simple civil engineering structures and proper water management systems for slope protection.
2.3.2 Construction Materials Required
23. Regarding the construction materials like stone and boulder is available along the road and materials like sand, aggregates, and timber are available near by the project area in Lothar Khola about 10 Km away from start point Khurkhure. The other materials
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 10 cement, steel bar, GI Wire, Hume pipes, is transported from Sauraha Chowk, Chitwan.
2.4 Implementation Schedule
21. Following Table 3 shows the proposed implementation schedule for the sub-project :
Table 3: Sub-project Implementation Schedule
S.N Activities 2016 2017 2018 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV
1 Detailed survey, design and estimate 2 Preparation of resettlement plan 2.1 Life skill and income generation training 3 Environmental Assessment and Implementation 3.1 IEE report preparation and approval from NRA and ADB 3.2 Implementation of EMP 3.3 Environmental Monitoring 4 Work Implementation 4.1 Civil construction work by Contractor
Note: I - January, February, March II - April, May, June III - July, August, September IV - October, November, December
2.5 Human Resource
22. The project requires both skilled and unskilled human resource. Total 18,374 person/days skilled and 121,986 person/days unskilled human resources are required to carryout civil work activities.
2.6 Land Requirement 23. Land use pattern of the area through which the road passes have been classified into four types: Settlement area, Agricultural land and Forest land.The road requires 1.97 ha of additional land for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of road. 1.04 ha of settlement area, 0.21 ha of agriculture land and 0.71 ha of forest is required for as shown in Table 4.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 11 Table 4 : Required Land to Acquire for the Road Construction
Type of Length (m) Existing Additional Existing Additional Land width (m) Width (m) Area Area (ha) (ha) Forest 3+750-5+400=1650 8.5 1.5 1.40 0.24 7+800-10+150=2350 8 2 1.88 0.47 Sub-total 3.28 0.71 Settleme 0+000-0+500=500 9 1 0.45 0.05 nt area 0+500-3+750=3250 9.5 0.5 3.08 0.16 5+400-6+950=1550 7.5 2.5 1.16 0.38 10+150-11+500=1.350 6.7 3.3 0.90 0.44 Sub-total 5.60 1.04 Agricultur 6+950-7+800=850 7.5 2.5 0.63 0.21 al land Total 9.5245 1.97 (Source: Field survey, 2016)
2.7 Cost and benefit 24. Length of this road is 11.500 km and formation width is 6.25 m. Total project cost of the road for IEE is estimated NRs. 270,876,077.27 with civil cost is NRs 234,986,922.77. (Refer Appendix V). The road is priority road of DCC, Chitwan as it provides access to 500 household of Rapti Municipality.
2.8 Imapct Zone 25. The project will have direct impact on ward 8 and 10 of Rapti Municipality (then Rapti Municipality 10 and 11 and Koak VDC 5 and 8) and indirect impact on remaining wards of Rapti Municipality of Chitwan district. Detail on delineation of impact zone is given in Chapter 3, Table 5.
2.9 Environment Protection Policy 26. The project has aimed to carry out rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in build back better features for road safety and climate resilience. The project activities are primarily guided as per National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S., Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S., Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S. Project has carried out IEE study and prepared the report as per the Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures (First Ammendment, 2016 A.D.) and Environment Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) of ADB.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 12 3. Methodology Adopted 27. Terms of Reference (ToR) was approved on 2072/12/12 B.S. (25/03/2016A.D) by the Secretary level decision of Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development (MoFALD) which is given in Appendix I. Total road length in ToR was 18.817 km but the final detail design report was prepared for 11.500 km due to high grade of road at Kirantar. The 7.317 km of road after Kirantar is exclude from sub-project and therefore, IEE report has been prepared for 11.500 Km as in the detail design report.
28. Climate change checklist as given in Appendix II and Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist as given in Appendix III and environmental checklist (Appendix IV) were also considered. Necessary information was collected through field study and literature review to accommodate all issues as included in the approved ToR to analyze environmental impacts on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural issues.
29. The IEE approach, methodology and procedure were followed according to the provisions of the Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2015, Rules relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2016, working procedure relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2016 (first amendment, 2016). It followed methodology suggested in the approved ToR for IEE Study (review of literature, sample survey/inspections/observations making simple measurements, discussion with communities and other stakeholders, and IEE team judgment).
3.1 Desk Study and Literature Review 30. IEE study team collected and reviewed the available secondary sources of information for physical, biological, socio-econmic and cultural envionment. a. Physical Environment 31. From various available sources of secondary information (e.g. Topographical Map, Regional Geological Map, DHM, MoPE, and information on topography, geology and precipitations, temperatures were reviewed and collected. b. Biological Environment 32. The important secondary sources of information were reviewed from relevant literatures including other projects IEE/EIA reports, then VDC Profiles, and websites of MoPE, DoF, MoFSC, and DNPWC. c. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment 33. During desk study necessary secondary data and information were gathered from related organizations/institutions. These documents were reviewed and relevant information for the study was assembled.
3.1.1 Preparation of Household Survey Questionnaire, FGD and Checklists 34. During desk study the survey tools such as household survey questionnaire, FGD and environemntal checklists were prepared for physical, biological and socio-econmoic and cultural environment, based on the ToR for IEE study.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 13 3.2 Project Area Delineation 35. The project influence area and the impact area were identified during the preparation of ToR. Such areas were delineated based on the field conditions and nature of project development using the similar past experiences of the experts involved in the IEE process. Based on the environmental impacts of the project, the project-affected areas are classified as the following Table 5.
Table 5: Categories of Several Project-affected Areas
Category Description Directly Impact Area Construction areas of project activities. Such area includes (ward level) the formation width, Right of Way (RoW), and ancillary structure sites camp facilities area, excavation area /quarry sites and stock piling sites including their access components. (Considering administrative boundary: Rapti Municipality 10 (then Korak VDC 5 and 8), Rapti Municipality 8 (then Rapti Municipality 10 and 11) Indirectly Impact Area Immediate areas of construction with moderate and low (Municipality level) impacts. Such area covers area beyond the DIA and within 100 meters each side from the centerline of road including a buffer area of about 100 meters from the ancillary structure sites. (Considering administrative boundary: Rapti Municipality) Project Affected District Project district, the districts where the project shall be implemented, Chitwan District
3.3 Field Investigation 36. Field investigation of the project area was carried out by a multidisciplinary IEE study team. Field survey comprised of walk-through survey, consultation with community, site inspection and observation. Data collection was done from 10/04/2016 to 19/04/2016 AD (2072/12/28 BS to 2073/01/07 BS) by the IEE study team. During field investigation, different tools (i.e checklists, questionnaires, and guidelines) were used individually for each component of environment. In addition to, during field visit data and information gathered through secondary information were also validated. Various steps used as per domin are discussed as follows. a. Physical Environment 37. The main techniques used to investigate physical environment include direct observation and study of the topography and consultation with locals. Applying such approach, information and data on physical environment such as topography/terrain types, land use, geology, soils, slope stability, landslide/soil erosion prone zones were generated and gathered.
38. The information and data on topography/terrain types (i.e elevation, aspects, and slopes) were generated with the help of GPS, topographic maps), google earth image, and compass. Then the investigated data and information were gathered systemically. Regional eological map, geological hammer, measuring tape and digital camera as per need including
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 14 checklist were used for investigation of necessary data and information. Surface geology of the road alignment was measured and described in the site.
39. Slope stability and natural hazards information were investigated through topography/terrain observation and with consultation of local people. Likewise, landslide and soil erosion prone sections were observed critically. Field investigation was based mainly on site observation and key informants' interviews.
40. Present air, water and noise pollution’s qualitative data was collected through direct observation, consultation with local people. Study of land use types was carried out mainly through field observation with the help of strip map, topographical maps and consultation with local key informants. During detailed field investigation land use data available from Walkthrough Survey was also verified. b. Biological Environment 41. Relevant information and data were collected through walk-through survey, discussions with knowledgeable key informants, CFUGs and other stakeholders at the site. In general, possible impact on forest area, especially on road formation width (i.e. especially 6.25 m including areas with drains and other structures) were discussed. Name and address of forest with chainage, forest type by management, existing road width in forest area. Name and number of trees species to be cut from each forest and private land were identified with the help of member of CFUG. Total enumeration was done for tree loss assessment. Tree species of indirect impact area was also noted.
42. For information on wildlife as well as avifauna, consultation was done with member of CFUGs and other forest user groups, and key informants involved in the forest related activities including local knowledgeable persons. Data on NTFPs was collected through direct observation and consultation with locals. c. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment 43. Local enumerators and assistants were hired for administrating household survey questionnaire from the project affected area. They were trained on survey methodology, tools and process to identify likely affected land plots and their owners for household census survey. Then, the trained local enumerators and assistants were mobilized for administrating household survey and data collection. The Socio-economic Surveyor supervised the enumerators whereas the Socio-economist and the Team Leader monitored the data collection process in the field. Field survey for collection of baseline data/information on socio-economic and cultural environment was conducted in the proposed project area (i.e. road alignment from connecting Khurkhure of Rapti Municipality-8 (then Rapti Municipality - 10) and Kirantar and Rapti Municipality-10 (then Korak VDC-5) in Chitwan district.
Households (HHs) Survey 44. The detailed household survey was carried out with all project affected households whose land and other properties (e.g. structures, fruit, fodder, timber trees) was to be fallen within corridor of impact and would be permanently acquired. The project affected households were identified after delineating likely affected parcels of land on Cadastral Survey Map and with the help of local key informants especially who were involved in walk through survey time. Trained local enumerators visited each identified households and interviewed the household heads or/ available respondents and filled out the survey forms
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 15 under direct supervision of Socio-economic Surveyor and monitoring by the Socio- economist.
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) 45. This method was administrated with local community within the major clusters / locations. In general, the participants were local persons of the affected households including other households from the project community. The discussions was focussed to record the existing baseline socioeconomic condition including opinion, issues and concerns of the project affected people and stakeholders related to the proposed road project. The FGD also gave opportunities to interact with the concerned public and stakeholders, to know their concern, views and suggestions on road alignment route and location, land acquisition, relocation of private and public infrastructure and utilities, including other social issues and concerns, and to know their view on likely environmental issues/impacts and suggestions and advices need to be considered in the IEE study. Meeting minutes are given in Appendix IX.
Key Informants Interview (KII)/Stakeholder Consultation and Observation 46. The KII technique was applied among the key informants and the relevant stakeholders such as local elite people, community leaders, school principals/ teachers, business and governmental and nongovernmental organizations / institutions. With the help of KII technique information on socioeconomic and cultural environments and also potential impacts due to project intervention were gathered. In addition, overall observations were made and photographs were taken to cross check the data and information. The district level officials, Municipality (then VDCs) and community groups were also contacted to verify information (Appendix XI & XII).
3.4 Initial Interaction and Public Consultation 47. During the IEE report preparation, the team met, discussed and interacted with concerned staff of the Government of Nepal, then DDC, Municipality, then VDC in the district head quarter and teachers, community based organization member and knowledgeable key persons of surrounding areas within the Zone of Influence (ZoI), please refer Appendix IX. In order to ensure public involvement, the following procedures were followed during IEE report preparation.
48. Publication of notice- According to Working Procedure relating with Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016, 7 days notice had to be published in national daily newspaper. However, 15 days public notice was published on 2072/12/19 B.S. (01/04/2016 A.D) in Rajdhani, a national Nepali daily newspaper, (see Appendix VI) seeking written opinion from concerned Municipality (then VDCs) , DCC (then DDC), schools, health posts and related local organizations. A copy of the public notice was also affixed in the above mentioned organizations and a deed of enquiry (muchulka) was collected (see Appendix VII for deed of inquiry). Recommendation letters were also obtained from the Rapti Municipality, then Korak VDC, Kalika and satyadevi CFUGs as given in Appendix VIII.
49. The IEE team carried out interactions with local communities and related stakeholders during the field survey to collect public concerns and suggestions. Moreover, focus group discussions were conducted to collect and solicit information regarding the bio-
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 16 physical, socio-economic and cultural aspects of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road. A summary of meeting minutes with local people is given in Table 6 and the meeting minutes are in Appendix IX.
Table 6: Summary of Meeting Minutes
S Date Place for No. of Issues and Decisions of Meeting N Public Meeting Participants Male Female 1 2073/01/03 BS Kirantar, Rapti 7 6 Demand for the sustainable road. 2016/04/15 AD Municipality – 10 (then korak Provide job for the people VDC – 5) according to their qualification. Utilization of local resource and manpower. Proper compensation of the affected houses should e given. Monitoring should be done in certain interval. Less destruction of trees of community forest during road construction.
2 2073/01/03 BS Thamtar, Rapti 10 4 Proper evaluation and 2016/04/15 AD Municipality – compensation for the affected 10 (then korak households. VDC – 8) Construction of bridge in necessary place. Re-construction of drinking water and irrigation if damaged during road construction. Utilization of local resources and manpower. Compensation of trees should be given. Proper management of drainage system. Replacement of the wooden pole by the electric pole whileremoving the present poles. 3 2073/01/05 BS Badahara, 10 6 Road should be built-up as soon as 2016/04/17 AD Rapti possible. Municipality – Proper evaluation and 10 (then Rapti compensation for the affected Municipality – households. 11) Need of 10m width road. Employment opportunity for the
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 17 S Date Place for No. of Issues and Decisions of Meeting N Public Meeting Participants Male Female local people as per the skill and qualification. Social empowerment work should be done. Utilization of local resources should be done. Electric poles should be properly managed during road construction.
4 2073/01/05 BS Gothdanda, 9 2 Road should be complete in time. 2016/04/17 AD Rapti Municipality – Black top should be thick and 10 (then Korak sustainable. VDC – 5) The work should be conducted with minimum impact to the environment.
5 2073/01/05 BS Chaughara and 12 2 The road should be completed in 2016/04/17 AD Thakuri time. Bhanjyaang, Rapti Employment opportunity should be Municipality – given to the local people according 10 (then Korak to their qualification. VDC – 5) The work should be conducted with minimum impact to the environment. 6 2073/01/04BS Samitar and 7 0 Road should be complete in time. 2016/04/16 AD Kawar, Rapti Municipality – Black top should be thick and 10 (then Korak sustainable. VDC – 8) . Employment opportunity should be given to the local people according to their qualification
7 2073/01/04 BS Khurkhure 6 6 The chainage 0+300 liesin the 2016/04/16 AD Rapti submerged zone. So, this thing Municipality – should be considered while 8- (then Rapti construction of road. Municipality – 10) The drainage should be made 3 m.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 18 S Date Place for No. of Issues and Decisions of Meeting N Public Meeting Participants Male Female
8 2073/01/04 BS Three group, 14 2 The length of road should be 2016/04/16 AD Rapti increases at the north side of the Municipality – 8 khurkhure chowk while constructing (then Rapti the road. Municipality – The drainage named Chilpeti kulo 11) lies in the road so while constructing the road proper compensation of this should be given. All the drainages which lies in the road side should be managed while constructing road. (Source: Field survey, 2016)
3.5 Database Preparation, Interpretation, Identification, Prediction and Evaluation of Impact a. Data Analysis and Interpretation
50. The required data for the study was collected through primary and secondary source as mentioned above and database was prepared. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to establish existing baseline information on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment. Data and information from the questionnaires/checklists were entered on processing data entry layout. Data analysis and interpretation of physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environments were carried out by the respective domain specialists. Then interpretation was made based on the results obtained. In brief these are presented here under.
Physical Environment 51. The collected existing baseline condition information and data on such as topography (i.e. elevation, aspect, and slope), geology and soil type were analyzed. Similarly, qualitative data on air, water and noise pollution status were analyesd. For instances, measure discontinuities data were used for slope stability assessment. Likewise, slope stability in rocks was analyzed with the help of software (dip version 5.1). The output of analyzed information and data were interpreted in logical, sequential and consistent order.
Biological Environment 52. The biological environmental information (e.g. tree and wildlife species, and bird species) collected from primary and secondary sources were tabulated. Forest type with management ownership was mentioned. Then the recorded species were compared and verified to the list prepared by IUCN Red Data Book, CITES and List of Endangered, Rare and Threatened Plant Species published by GoN.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 19 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment 53. The collected socio-economic data were entered in MS Excel 2010 and processed as required. Similalrly, qualitative data related to socio-economic and cultural environment was analysed to create the existing baseline. Suggestions made by the local people and stakeholders' during public consultation was was considered for benefit augmentation measures and mitigation measures for adverse impacts are proposed. Socioeconomic data of households within road corridor were analyzed and summarized in Appendix X. b. Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation Method Impact Identification 54. Based on field visit observation and consultation meeting with local, issues that may trigger due to project intervention were identified and prioritized. From the exercise both types of beneficial and adverse impacts were identified for IEE study. The impacts were categorized as per environmental domain (i.e physical, biological, and socio-economic and cultural environments). Likewise; an impact that may trigger under different phases of project implementation (i.e. construction and operation) was also taken into account for the assessment.
Impact Prediction 55. Extrapolative (i.e. predictions on the basis of past and present data, and trend analysis) and experts experience and judgment (applying past experience and knowledge of the experts) methods were applied for impact prediction on the basis of identified impacts.
Impact Assessment/Evaluation 56. The assessment of environmental impacts was derived exclusively from the baseline environmental conditions of the affected environment with the project activities in relation to spatial and temporal aspects in terms of magnitude, extent and duration of impacts. The impacts have been predicted in terms of their magnitude (minor, moderate and high), extent (site specific, local and regional) and duration (short, medium and long term). Evaluation of the level of significance of impacts was made based on prevailing legislative setup, numerical values with scoring (National EIA Guideline, 1993), consultation with stakeholders, expert’s past experience and other criteria.
3.6 Study Team Team Member: Dr. Madhav Giri – Environment Expert Ms. RamanKala Majakoti – Environment Expert Ms. Nita Adhikari – Environment Expert Mr. Tulsi Giri – Sociologist Mr. Madan Neupane – Geologist Mr. Hari Krishna Shrestha –Road Engineer Mr. Ram Prasad Pathak – Biologist
3.7 Information Disclosure 57. A draft IEE report along with the executive summary, identified impacts, recommended mitigation measures and the EMP has been prepared and distributed to the stakeholders and the concerned Municipality (then VDCs) for public disclosure. The draft
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 20 IEE report will also be kept in information centre of DCC (then DDC) Chitwan for public disclosure. Information was also disseminated through person to person contacts, interviews and group discussions. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested parties and the general public through the information centre of Chitwan DCC (then DDC) and websites of EEAP. The following offices will get the approved IEE report:
1. District Technical Office, Chitwan 2. Then Korak VDC, Chitwan 3. Rapti Municipality, Chitwan 4. National Reconstruction Authority 5. Ministry of Population and Environment 6. Asian Development Bank, Nepal Resident Mission 7. Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CLPIU) – Earthquake Emergency Assistance project (EEAP)
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 21 4. Description of the Existing Environment 58. The baseline information on the existing physical,biological as well as socio- economic and cultural environment of the proposed sub-project are described as follows:
4.1 Physical Environment 59. The section describes the physical condition of the area that comes under the ZoI of the road section along its entire length and surrounding area.
4.1.1 Topography and Geomorphology Geology and Soil type 60. The proposed road consist of different types of rocks like Dark grey slates, Black, dark grey to greenish grey, massive fine to medium grained quartzites, Coarse boulders, conglomerates with regular beds and lenses of sandstones. Majority of road passes through recent formation followed by Middle Siwalik 1, Middle Siwalik 2, Upper Siwalik and Naundanda Formation. The details of the geology of the road is given in the Table 7 and geological map in Figure 4 below :
Table 7: Summary of the Surface Geology along the Road
S.N. Chainage Geology and Details From To soil 1 0+000 7+300 Recent Alluvium, boulders gravels, sand and clays. 2 7+300 7+400 Middle Siwalik 1 Medium to coarse grained friable arkosic sandstones and the fine to medium grained hard, massie grey sandstones interbedded with green togreenish grey clay grey shales and thin bands of pseudo conglomerates and plant and animals fossils are present in clays and shales. 3 7+400 8+500 Middle Siwalik 2 Fine to medium grained, arkosic, pebbly sandstones with rare gray to dark gray clays and occasionally silty sandstones and conglomerates. 4 8+500 11+450 Upper Siwalik Coarse boulders, conglomerates with regular beds and lenses of sandstones and their intercalations of yellow brown grey sandy clays. 5 11+450 11+500 Naudanda White massive fine to medium grained Formation quartzites with ripple marks interbedded with green chloritic phyllites. (Source: Geological map of Central Nepal)
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 22
(Source: Geological map of Central Nepal)
Figure 4: Geological Map of the Road and Surrounding Area
61. Based on the observations during field survey, the different soil types were found along the alignment of the road. The soil found along the alignment is classified as Ordinary Soil (OR), Hard Soil (HR), Ordinary Rock (OR), Medium Rock (MR) and Hard Rock (HR). The weightage of the different soil type along the alignment are given in the Table 8 below.
Table 8: Soil Type along the Road Alignment
Chainage Soil Classification OS HS OR MR HR % % % % % 0+000 to 2+620 10% 85% 5% 0% 0% 2+640 to3+560 5% 80% 10% 5% 0% 3+580 to 3+980 10% 80% 10% 0% 0% 4+000 to 4+800 15% 85% 0% 0% 0% 4+820 to 5+240 10% 80% 5% 3% 2% 5+260 to 11+500 10% 75% 10% 5% 0% (Source: Field Survey, 2016)
Landslides and Slope Stability
62. Slope Stability depends on the existing geological structures, lithology of the rock units, soil type, topography and hydrological condition of the particular sides. The active gully
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 23 and rills in the colluvium surface exhibits high mass waste phenomena. The slope with loose colluvium soil is highly susceptible to sliding after water saturation due to increased pore water pressure, which ultimately increases the driving force.
63. Very few cut slope failures are observed along the road. There is less chances of landslides and soil erosion. The exposed bedrocks have moderate spacing so always shows the blocky nature. However, chainage 11+100 to 11+300 is landslide prone area of the road.
64. Along the road where the loose soil exposed and prone area of the groundwater, it is suggested to manage the drainage surface water and apply the bioengineering works.
4.1.2 Land Use 65. Land use pattern of the area through which the road passes have been classified into three types: settlement area, agricultural land and forest land as shown in Table 9 below.
Table 9: Land Use Type along the Road
From (Chainage) To (Chinage) Total Length Land use 0+000 0+500 500 m Build up area 0+500 3+750 3,250 m Build up area 3+750 5+400 1,650 m Forest 5+400 6+950 1,550 m Build up area 6+950 7+800 850 m Agriculture 7+800 10+150 2,350 m Forest (left) 10+150 11+500 1,350 m Build up area (Source: Field survey, 2016)
4.1.3 Climate and Hydrology
66. Climate is dominated by topographical variations. The sub project has Tropical climatic condition with average maximum temperature of 36°C and average minimum of 6°C. The average annual rain fall of the district is 1400 mm.The road crosses one small stream Fedi khola (ch 7+690).
4.1.4 Landslide and Erosion Prone Area Though most of the road passes through plain area, there is a landslide prone section at the chainage 11+100 to 11+300.
4.1.5 Air, Noise and Water Quality Ambient Air Quality 67. This is existing road however air quality observed is normal as no heavy vehicle runs in this road.
Noise 68. In the proposed area noise pollution is ambient.
Water Quality 69. Water quality in the proposed road section is observed to be good since it is used for drinking purpose and there is no biotic interference. There is no defecation problem
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 24 observed near and around the drinking water sources. However, during the monsoon season the quality of water may be polluted due to the accumulation of silt.
4.1.6 Seismicity of the Project Area 70. As we know, the evolution of the great Himalayan arc is the result of collision between the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates and as the Himalaya lies in the plate boundary, the region is considered as one of the active seismic zone of the World. Being a part of the Himalaya, Nepal is considered to be an active seismic zone. The existence of tectonic features such as MCT, MBT, HFT and other active regional faults further accelerates the rate of seismic risk. However, the project area is fairly far from such features. In order to determine seismic coefficient, a seismic design code for Nepal has been prepared. Bajrachrya (1994) divided the whole country into five seismic risk zones (Figure 5). According to the map of Bajracharya (1994), the road sub-project lies in the medium seismic risk zone of Nepal. Chitwan district is the least affected districts from the earthquake (Major Earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015.
Project Area
(Source: Bajracharya, 1994)
Figure 5 : Seismic Risk Map of Nepal 4.2 Biological Environment 4.2.1 Vegetation and Forest 71. The project area is dominated by trees characteristic of Tropical Forest like Sal (Shorea robusta), at lower elevations and Sub-tropical Broadleaved Forest like Chilaune (Schima wallichii) with small tree and shrubs, and grasses. This contains diverse types of plant species. Majority of large tree species have high timber and industrial value.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 25 72. Species namely, Sal (Shorea robusta), Sajh (Terminalia elliptica), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Khanayo (Ficus cunia) Bakaino (Melia azedarach), are the major dominant tree species along the road corridor. The road passes through 2 community forests (CFs). The detail of the community forest is given in Table 10 below.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 26 Table 10: C.F Forest along the Road
Name of Chainage Length Area of C.F. HH involved Main Species Mammals Found Birds Found along C.F Forest (m) (ha) in the C.F along the C.F From To Kalika C.F 3+750 5+400 1,650 197.14 171 Sal (Shorea robusta), Syal Suga Sajh (Terminalia (Canis aureus), (Psittacula alexandri), elliptica), Dumsi Dhukur Chilaune (Hystrix indica) (Sterptopelia (Schima wallichii), senegalensis) Bakaino (Melia azedarach) Satya Devi 7+800 10+150 2,350 19.75 60 Sal (Shorea robusta), Dumsi Maina C.F (Hystrix indica) (Acridotheres tristis) Dhukur (Sterptopelia senegalensis)
Total 4,000 (Source: Field survey, 2016)
73. Chiuri (Bassia butyrica), Harro (Terminalia chebula), Barro (Terminalia balerica), Amala (Phyllanthus emblica), Gurjo (Tinispora sinensis), Rittha (Sapindus mukorossi) and Kaulo (Persea odoratisima) etc are NTFP reported along the forests of the proposed road. Number and species of trees directly affected by the road is given in Appendix XIII. The road does not fall under any protected or buffer zone area.
4.2.2 Mammals 74. Mammals mainly Syal (Canis aureus), Dumsi (Hystrix indica) are found along the road corridor.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 27 4.2.3 Birds 75. Birds namely Maina (Acridotheres tristis), Suga (Psittacula alexandri), Dhukur (Sterptopelia senegalensis) are the found in the project site.
4.2.4 Fish 76. Fish likeTor putitora (Mahseer/Sahar) and Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis (Katle) are the found in the river around project site
4.2.5 Protected Flora and Fauna 77. Species namely, Shorea robusta is the protected plant species and they are banned for felling, transportation and export under the Forest Regulations, 1995 (amended in 2001). The protected flora and fauna found in the forest along road corridor area is given in Table 11.
Table 11: List of Protected Flora and Fauna found along the Project Area
SN Local Scientific Remarks Name Name IUCN 2008 CITES Code GoN 1 Syal Canis aureus LC Appendix III4 2 Dumsi Hystrix indica LC 3 Sal Shorea Banned for felling, robusta transporatation and export for commercial purpose. Note: LC = Least Concern, (Source: Field survey, 2016)
4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment 4.3.1 District Context 78. The proposed road lies in Chitwan district. According to CBS 2011, total 579,984 people in 132,462 households. Among them, 279,087 are male and 300,897 are female. The average household size is 4.38 and population density is 261. Among the 132,462 HHs, few households were absentees and therefore CBS had interviewed 132,345 HHs only. Out of 132,345 HHs, 46,289 use water from pipeline, 65,189 HHs use covered water, 10,528 HHs uses uncovered water, 639 HHs uses from spout, 65,189 HHs have tube well facility and remaining household depends on other source of water. In term of energy for cooking, 64,933 HHs use firewood, 52,545 use LP gas, 12,238 HHs uses Bio-gas, only 997 HHs use kerosene and remaining households use kerosene, electricity etc. Most of the households (113,728) use electricity for lightning, followed by 7,211 HH using kerosene, and 7,468 households have solar panel also. 7,822 HHs had not constructed toilet, remaining HHs have toilet with/without flush system.
4Species that are protected by individual countries within their borders, and for which co-operation of other convention signatories is sought.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 28 4.3.2 Direct Impact Area Population Distribution 79. There are 10 major settlements (Thakuri Bhanjyang, Chaughara, Gothdanda, Kirantar, Thamtar, Kawar, Samitar, Three group, Badhara and Khurkhure) of Rapti Municipality (then Korak VDC) with the total population of 2,900 with 50.55% of male and 49.45%of female distributed in 500 households as shown in Table 12.
Table 12: Distribution of Population with Household along the ZoI
SN Settlement Municipality Total Population HHs Male Female Total
1 Thakuri Rapti Municipality – 10 25 72 80 152 Bhanjyang (then Korak VDC – 5) 2 Chaughara Rapti Municipality – 10 18 65 70 135 (then Korak VDC – 5) 3 Rapti Municipality – 10 13 37 40 77 Gothdanda (then Korak VDC – 5) 4 Rapti Municipality – 10 100 400 300 700 Kirantar (then Korak VDC – 5) 5 Thamtar Rapti Municipality – 10 50 220 230 450 (then Korak VDC – 8) 6 Kawar Rapti Municipality – 10 10 32 34 66 (then Korak VDC –8) 7 Samitar Rapti Municipality – 10 24 55 65 120 (then Korak VDC – 8) 8 Three group Rapti Municipality – 8 (then 100 245 255 500 Rapti Municipality – 11) 9 Badahara Rapti Municipality – 10 60 145 155 300 (then Rapti Municipality – 11)
10 Khurkhure Rapti Municipality – 8 (then 100 195 205 400 Rapti Municipality – 10) Total 500 1,466 1,434 2,900
Percentage 50.55 49.45 (Source: Field Survey, 2016)
Caste/Ethnicity 80. Along the proposed road sub-project different caste like Bhramin, Chhetri, Janajati, Dalit, Chepang etc. live within all the settlements. Detail is given in Table 13 below.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 29 Table 13: Distribution of Population with Caste /ethnicity along the ZoI
SN Settlement Municipality Caste/ Ethnicity 1 Thakuri Bhanjyang Rapti Municipality – 10 (then Chepang, Tamang, Dalit. Korak VDC – 5) 2 Chaughara Rapti Municipality – 10 (then Chepang, Tamang. Korak VDC – 5) 3 Rapti Municipality – 10 (then Tamang, Chepang. Gothdanda Korak VDC – 5) 4 Rapti Municipality – 10 (then Chepang, Tamang, Dalit. Kirantar Korak VDC – 5) 5 Thamtar Rapti Municipality – 10 (then Tamang, Gurung,Lama, Korak VDC – 8) chepang, Praja, Dalit 6 Kawar Rapti Municipality – 10 (then Chepang, Tamang, Dalit Korak VDC –8) 7 Samitar Rapti Municipality – 10 (then Chepang, Tamang, Dalit Korak VDC – 8) 8 Three group Rapti Municipality – 8 (then Brahmin/chhetri, Dalit Rapti Municipality – 11) 9 Badahara Rapti Municipality – 10 (then Brahmin, Tamang, Rapti Municipality – 11) 10 Khurkhure Rapti Municipality – 8 (then Brahmin/ Chhetri, Dalit. Rapti Municipality – 10)
Occupation 81. 74.80% of the households are 100 Agriculture & 5 involved in agriculture and livestock . 90 Livestock 50.60% households are engaged in 80 74.80 Labour & Porter labour work. About 17.80% households 70 Business / are engaged in business and commerce. 60 50.60 Commerce 50 GO / NGO 3.80% of households are involved as Employees 40
GO/NGO employees whereas very less percentage Others 30 17.80 15.20% are engage in others Details are 20 15.20 shown in Appendix Xa and Figure 6. 10 3.80 0
Occupation( ( Source: Field survey, 2016) Figure 6: Percentage of HHs with Occupation
Local Economy 82. The economy of the area is predominantly agriculture based. About more than half of the total population have the economic source from the labor and portor in this place. With growing closeness of the project area with market centre and district headquarters, farming as well as market linkage of cattle, goat and fruits will also increased.
5From the graph it shows that the agriculture and livestock is primary occupation for all the people living in road corridor and they have secondary occupation as well.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 30 Migration Pattern 83. Overall about 20.8% (104 households) of the total households temporarily migrating to gulf country for job and in various parts of Nepal like Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitwan seeking for quality education, wage and labour works. Details are shown in Appendix Xb.
Farming Pattern 84. Major crops that are cultivated in the project area are Rice, wheat, maize and millet etc. Major cash crops grown are potato, vegetables, mustard oil seeds beans, fruits etc. Detail is given in Table 14 below.
Livestock 85. Cows, buffaloes, goat, poultry are the main livestoks reared along the ZoI of the proposed road. Detail is given in Table 14 below.
Table 14: Major Existing Agricultural Production (Cereals, Cash Crops, Livestock)
Settlement Cereals Crops cash crops Livestock and Fisheries Rice Rice Wheat Maize Millet Oil Seeds Beans/Dal Potato Vegetables Fruits Cattle Goat Poultry Pig Bee-keeping Fish Thakuri 0 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 1 0 0 0 0 1 Bhanjyang Chaughara 0 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gothdanda 1 0 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 0 2 0 0 0 0
Kirantar 2 0 1 0 2 1 3 4 5 1 2 3 5 4 3
Thamtar 2 3 1 4 4 3 1 2 5 1 2 3 4 0 3
Kawar 1 3 2 4 3 2 1 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Samitar 1 3 4 2 2 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Three 1 3 2 0 2 1 1 4 5 1 2 0 0 0 3 Group Badahara 1 3 2 0 2 1 3 4 0 1 2 3 0 0 3
Khurkhure 1 3 2 0 3 2 3 4 5 1 2 4 0 5 1
(Source: Field survey, 2016)
Industry, Trade and Commerce
86. Mainly People were found to be engaged in grocery and tea shop and restaurant. The area has potentiality of potato, vegetables, beans and the livestock rearing such as cow, goat, and poultry bee keeping. The major items that are exported from project area are potato, beans and cash crops Fruits and poultry. Goods of daily commodities are major imports in the project area, which includes salt, sugar, packed food items, spices, clothes and other items of daily uses. Average travel time ranges from 10 minutes to 3 hours to
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 31 reach the settlement from the road head by walking and 5 minutes to 1 hour by vehicles. Average transportation cost by porter is from NRs. 4-6/Kg and by vehicles is NRs. 2-4/Kg.
Business Facilities 87. There are about 29 restaurants and tea shop (10 in Three group settlement and 15 in Khurkhure and 2 each in Kirantar and Thamtar) along the road corridor with 63 grocery shops all together in all settlement and 8 hotels and lodges (1 in Thakuri Bhanjyang, 2 in Kirantar and 5 in Three group) and 2 hand made paper factory in Kirantar.14 Stationery (1 in Thakuri Bhanjyang, 2 in Kirantar, 1 in Thamtar, 3 in samitar and 7 in khurkhure.
Public Services and Infrastructures 88. There are various social sector facilities and infrastructure in different settlements. There is 1 water mill in Thamtar, 1 suspension bridge in Kirantar, 2 in Thamtar,3 in Samitar Detail is given in Appendix IXc
Communication and Electricity 89. All of the households among the 10 settlements have electricity from national grid line. However, about 305 households have electricity from solar system in all settlements. Amost 60% households use mobile for communication purpose.
Education 90. There are 3 high schools with 280 students (1 in Samitar, 1 in Thakuri Bhanjyang and 1 in khurkhure). Remaining settlements do not have school. There are 6 primary School 1 in each settlement (except Thakuribhanjyang, Samitar, Gothdanda and Badahara) with 690 students. There is no campus in the ZoI. So, the students have to travel to the near by districts for the higher study.
Health 91. There are only 3 health posts among the 10 settlement (1 in Chaughara, 1 in Kirantar and 1 in Kawar. The people of the other remaining settlements don’t have the proper health facility in their own settlement.
Water Supply and Sanitation 92. Almost all the settlements use tap water for drinking purpose. All the households have toilet facility in all the settlements within ZoI. 143 households have temporary toilets and 357 households have permanent toilets.
Irrigation 93. Irrigation facility is available for less than one-third of the land. In samitar there is well irrigation facility.
Other Infrastructure 94. 7 community centers(1 in Thakuri Bhanjyang, 1 in Kirantar, 2 in Thamtar, 1 each in Thamtar, Kawar and Samitar and 12 community organizations(1 in Thakuri Bhanjyang, 2 in Chaughara, 2 in Kirantar, 2 in Thamtar, 1 in kawar, 2 in Samitar and 2 in Khurkhure, 8 cooperatives (1 in Thakuri Bhanjyang, 2 in Gothdanda, 1 in Kirantar, 1 in Thamtar, 1 in Badahara and 2 in Khurkhure, 7 playground (1 each in Thakuri Bhanjyang, Chaughara, Thamtar,Samitar and Three group and 2 in Kawar are available in these settlements.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 32 Community Development Facilities 95. There are 12 community organizations (1 each in Thakuri Bhanjyang and Kawar and 2 each in Chaughara, Thamtar, Samitar and Khurkhure).
Land holding Pattern 96. Figure 7 shows the landholding Landless pattern within the ZoI of the road sub- 15.40% project. It shows that majority of <10 ropani households 22% have less than 10 ropani 36.40% land. About one third households (26.20%) 10 to 20 have 10 to 20 ropani of land. 15.40% of 26.20% ropani the households have land more than 20 >20 ropani ropani. However, 36.40% of households are landless. Please refer Appendix X d 22.00% for detail.
(Source: Field survey, 2016) Figure 7: Land Holding Pattern of Settlements along the Road Corridor
Food Security 97. The Figure 8 below shows the number of households belonging to different food security category. 16% Surplus for Quarter of the households (26%) more than 1 have enough food for more than 9 year 36% months. Similarly Quarterof the Sufficient for households (22 %) have food 9 months to sufficiency for three to nine months. 1 year Few households (36%) have food 26% Sufficient for sufficient for less than 3 months. 3-9 months Where as one- third of the households (16%) have food Sufficient for less than 3 22% sufficient for more than one year. months Please refer Appendix X e for detail.
(Source: Field survey, 2016) Figure 8: Number of Households belonging to different Food Security Category
Potential Area for Development 98. Most of the settlements are potential for agriculture and livestock rearing.There is potentiality for tourism development in Chaughara, Gothdanda and Thamtar. Please refer Appendix X f for detail.
Scope of Proposed Linkage 99. People from all the settlements will be directly benefited through development in agriculture, education, health, food security sector. Please refer Appendix X g for detail.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 33 Religious, Cultural and Historical Sites 100. Religious, cultural and aesthetic site within the ZoI are mentioned in the Table 15. However, thes sites are not affected by the construction of the road.
Table 15: Religious, Cultural and Historical Sites
Settlement Resource Time to reach Description Chaughara Maharudra kali temple 20 min Hisrorical value Kaming chuli 10 min Place to visit for tourist Gothdanda Picnic spots 2 min Probability for picnic spot Thamtar Gumba 10 min Place to visit for internal and external tourist Kawar Dhan kumari temple 10 min Festival in mangsir Three-group Bhagwati temple 20 min on walk Religious value Badhara Ganesh temple 20 min Religious value
Khurkhure kalyaneshwor Mahadev 5 min Festival in teej (Source: Field survey, 2016)
4.3.3 Core Poject Area 101. Road passes through ward 8 and 10 of Rapti Municipality. It has total Households of 11,289 with 53,060 populations. Among them 25,146 are males and 27,914 are female. (Please refer Table 16 for detail).
Table 16: Municipality along the Road
Then VDC / Restructed Total Population Total Caste/Ethnicity Municipality Municipality H/H Male Female Rapti Municipality(10 Rapti 10,128 21,850 24,660 46,510 Brahmin/Chhetri/ and 11) Municipality- Tamang/Magar/ 8 Gurung/Dalit Korak VDC(5 and 8) Rapti 1,161 3,296 3,254 6,550 Tamang/Chepang/ Municipality- Praja 10 Total 11,289 25,146 27,914 53,060 (Source: CBS 2011)
102. According to CBS 2011, In Rapti Municipality, HH size is 4.59. For drinking water purpose, 3,593 HHs use tap water / piped water. For cooking purpose, 6,834 HHs use firewood, 28 HHs use kerosene, 2,351 HHs use LP gas and 2,351 HHs use Bio-gas. For lightning purpose, 9,166 HHs use electricity, 633 HHs use kerosene, 145 HHs use solar and remaining HHs uses other sources. 888 HHs don’t have toilet facility, 6,531 HHs have flush toilet and 2,692 HHs have ordinary toilet. In Korak VDC, HH size is 5.64. For drinking water purpose, 927 HHs use tap water / piped water, 155 HHs uses uncovered water and remaining HHs uses other sources. For cooking purpose, 1,143 HHs use firewood, 9 HHs use kerosene, 2 HHs use LP gas and 1 HH uses Bio-gas. For lightning purpose, 264 HHs use electricity, 556 HHs use kerosene and 172 HHs use solar. 141 HHs don’t have toilet facility, 36 HHs have flush toilet and 980 HHs have ordinary toilet.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 34 4.3.4 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Affected Households 103. A detailed socio-economic survey was conducted to investigate affected households status. The affected families were included only within the road length. The road affects 24 families along the road alignment. The interviewed households have 126 populations. The area is inhabited by Janajati, Bramhin and Dalit. Out of total interviewed families, 8 are janajati, 12 are dalits and 4 are Brahmin/Chhetri. The detail is given in the Table 17 below.
Table 17: Summary of Affected Households by the Sub-project
S.N. Variable Count 1 Total affected households 24 2 Dalit HHs 12 3 Janajati HHs 8 4 Brahmin/Chhetri HHs 4 (Source: Households Survey, January 2017, RP)
104. The survey showed that the maximum families are engaged in agricultural activities and few are involved non-agricultural activities. The families in agriculture occupation are mostly involved in Amriso, vegetables farming. Few families are involved in non agriculture income generating activities like tea shop, grocery shop, job in different institutions along with the agricultural activities too. The average food sufficiency of the APs from their own land is averge 9 month per year.
4.4 Status of Earthquake: 105. Most rural homes badly damaged and people are forced to live in tents. 91% of houses destroyed, 318 human casualties, and 548 of 594 government schools were destroyed (as reported in District-wise summary record). The devastating earthquake mostly destroyed the physical properties rather than human beings.
(Source: GoN/MoHA as of 21 May 2015 ) Figure 9: Status of Earthquake
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 35 106. Chitwan is the least affected district by the earthquake due to its geological structure. Most of the area of this district is plain area. In this Khurkhure (Highway)- Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang road sub project, about 70% of road lies in the hilly region and remain is the plain area.So, some parts of the Rapti Municipality (then korak VDC) are slightly affected by the earthquake.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 36 5. Impacts of Reconstruction Plan Implementation on Environment 107. The identification and assessment of impacts has been carried out by considering the proposed proposal activities examined in terms of the construction and operation stage. Several such impacts have been identified based on site observation, field survey and information obtained from the stakeholders, with a few being identified on value judgment. The impact of the activities will be on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural resources within the ZoI. Impacts from the proposed road sub project can be both beneficial as well as adverse. Most of the identified impacts have been quantified as far as possible. The impacts have been identified, predicted and evaluated in terms of their magnitude (low, moderate and high), extent (site specific, local and regional) and duration (short, medium and long term) and appropriate benefit enhancement and mitigation measures are given in Chapter 7.
5.1 Beneficial Impacts 5.1.1 Construction Phase Employment Generation and Increase in Income 108. One of the major direct beneficial impacts of the road during the construction stage is the creation of employment opportunities for the external manpowers and womens. The road construction will create numbers of 121,986 person/days unskilled and 18,374 person/days skilled jobs. There will be positive impacts in other economic activities in a chained manner creating other income generating activities like lodging and fooding for the workers.This is one of the indirect with high magnitude but it is of short-term and local in nature.
Enterprise Development and Business Promotion 109. During the construction period, different types of commercial activities will come into operation in order to meet the demand of workers. Since they will have good purchasing power, they will regularly demand for different types of food, beverage and other daily necessary items. To meet these demands, many local and outside people may operate a number of small shops and restaurants around the vicinity of the construction sites. Various farm based enterprises, including a wide range of agricultural and livestock products, will also gain momentum as a result of increased demand by laborers during construction. This will increase local trade and business in the area during construction period. The impact is also direct, low, local and short term in nature.
Rent from land acquired temporarily during construction 110. During the construction period there is a need to acquire private land temporarily in order to set up campsite, stockpile the construction materials, etc. Thus, the local people whose land has been acquired for such purposes will be provided with the rent of his land. This will ultimately enhance his income and serve positively to upgrade the economic status of his family. However, the impact will be indirect of low magnitude, short term and site specific in nature.
Women Empowerment 111. All the people will be benefited from the road construction. However, women may be benefited more from improved access to the market centers and various service providing agencies like health centers, banks, training institutions, women development office etc. 20%
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 37 of women participation is provided in bio-enginering and plantation activities during the construction of road. Frequency of visit to such agencies will increase awareness level and empower them. The impact will be indirect, high, local and long-term.
5.1.2 Operation Phase Improvement in Accessibility and Saving of Time and Transportation Cost 112. Construction of road will enhance the access of people to social services, and quick transportation of goods. Travelling time will be reduced by two/third and the cost of transportation will be cheaper by around three times. This is the direct, high, regional impacts and will have long-term impact.
Access to Inputs and Services 113. Once the road project is completed, the people living within the road corridor will have easy access to cities and markets. This will enhance the transaction of goods and access to social services. Access to input and services will increase, which will be cheaper due to transportation facility. This is the direct, high, regional and will have long term impact.
Increase in Trade, Commerce and Development of Market centers 114. There is a possibility of increased economic opportunities and significant growth and extension of the minor local markets along the road. The farmers will be more interested to increase agricultural production due to market accessibility. Similarly, there will be diversification in occupational pattern of local people, who are till now mainly dependent on subsistence farming. This will lessen pressure on local natural resources. There will be many non-farm employment opportunities for the growing rural population especially for occupational caste groups due to extension of market center and development of small towns. The commercial product cash crops will get high priority for market linkage.The project will have indirect, low, long term, local impact.
Appreciation of Land Value 115. Construction of the road leads to appreciation of land values, particularly near the market and settlement areas. It is expected that land price will increase by two times due to the construction of the road. Local people can start their own business by mortgaging their land.The impact is indirect, high, local and longterm in nature.
5.2 Adverse Impacts 5.2.1 Construction Phase Physical Aspects Change in Land Use 116. The land acquired for the implementation of the project can undergo a long-term permanent change in the land use. The existing land use pattern is 0.63 ha agricultural land, 3.28 ha forest and 5.60 ha settlement. Changes of land use due to the construction of road are mainly conversion of 0.21 ha agricultural land, 0.71 ha forest area and 1.04 ha settlement area will be converted in to the built up area of road. Similarly, there will be some change in land use due to expansion of roadside settlements. The impact from changes in land use will be high, direct, local and long term in nature.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 38 Stockpiling of Construction Materials 117. The major construction materials are cement, sand and aggregate, rod etc. Stockpiling of the materials will create a major issue in the area as barren public land are already lacking in the area. As per the design report of the sub-project, about 60,040.60 cu.m of spoil is expected to be generated from cutting and excavation of road and drains and some of the spoil, 7,716.97 cu.m.will be used in filling road. The impact will be direct, high, local and long-term impact.
Spoil Disposal 118. The common likely problems from inappropriate disposal of spoils are: gullying and erosion of spoil tips especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff, damage to farm lands, and destruction of vegetation, crops and property at downhill. Hence, some environmental implications are envisaged on air, water and land due to stockpiling and spoil disposal. The impact will be direct, moderate, local, longterm.
Slope Instability and Soil Erosion Removal of vegetation and open cuts with soil exposed to rain will cause soil erosion. The stability of soil along the road corridor depends upon soil type rock discontinuities and hydrological conditions. Slope instability and soil erosion prone areas are seen from chainage 11+100 to 11+300. The impact is indirect, moderate, site specific and long term in nature.
Disruption of Surface Water Flow and Drainage (Drainage and cross drainage works etc.) 119. Roads usually generate large volumes of concentrated surface runoff. The concentrated water from the road outlet causes erosion and landslide eventually affecting the stability of the road. The impact will be indirect, moderate, site specific and medium term.
Air Dust, Noise and Water Pollution 120. Although the air quality of the project area is not measured, the air does not appear to be polluted. However, during construction of road, there is a strong possibility of dust pollution. The dust emission is likely to be intense along the construction site. This may affect the local people and workers, as well as agricultural crops. Dust may create nuisance to markets, schools and health posts. Impact on air quality will be direct, low, local and short term in nature.
121. The project area at present does not experience high level of noise. However, use of rock breaker, excavator and rollers may cause air dust and noise pollution to the workers and people living in nearby areas. The impact of noise will be direct, low, local and short term in nature.
122. The water quality within the project area is not tested. Nevertheless, quality of water in the water bodies within the project area appears to be fairly good as they are widely used by households for drinking purpose. During construction, waterbodies may be polluted by spoil and construction wastes, open defecation in natural streams by construction workers. The impact will be direct, low, local, short term in nature.
Quarry Site 123. Construction of the road requires boulders and other types of construction materials. According to detail design, quarry site has been proposed at Ch 9+200. Since the area is
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 39 located within Forest area, selection of new quarry site is recommended. The potential adverse impacts of quarrying are accelerated erosion, landslides, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, water logging and water pollution. The likely impact from the operation of quarry sites will be direct, low in magnitude, local nature and short term duration.
Location of Camp Sites 124. Camps are necessary for the sub-project. So, in contractor package, contactor needs to establish camps for the workers as they will be hired from outside. Siting of camp may cause encroachment of forest, agriculture land, and alteration of drainage, solid waste and waste water problems and the camp site is far away from the settlement area. The impact will be direct, moderate, site specific, short term and significant impact.
Construction Equipment Vehicles 125. The contractor based construction will use machineries and tools. The related negative impacts are increase in air pollution due to emission of smoke and dust, and increase in vibration due to vehicular movement. The likely impact from the operation of vehicle and equipment will be direct, high in magnitude, local nature and short term duration
Use of Bitumen 126. Bitumen is required for black topping which needs heating before using. Contractors tend to use local fuel wood collected from nearby forest to heat bitumen. Spillage of bitumen also damage soil productivity. The impact will be direct, high, local and long term.
Biological Aspects Loss or Degradation of Forest and Vegetation 127. 466 trees from the community forest (47 fom Kalika CF and 119 from Satya Devi CF) and 106 trees from the private land needs to be cut down so in total 572 trees need to be cut down. Additional 0.71 ha forest will be affected due to this sub-project. 0.12% of Kalika CF and 2.37% of Satya Devi CF will be affected by Project. The impact will be direct, low in magnitude, local, long term.
Impact on Wildlife and Bird Habitat 128. The proposed area is not a significant habitat for wildlife and bird species. However, the construction of the road may disturb wildlife and bird species present along the road corridor. The movement of labor, use of construction equipments, and noise during construction may affect the home range of the fauna. The impact will be indirect, low, local and short term in nature.
Impacts on Flora and Fauna (as listed in CITES and IUCN Red Data Book and Protected by GoN) 129. From the two community forest, 392 sal trees need to be cut down (317 sal from Kalika Cf and 75 sal trees from Satyadevi Cf). Shorea robusta is banned for felling, transportation and export for commercial purpose by GoN. The proposed area is not significant habitat for wildlife and bird species. However, the construction of road may disturb wildlife and bird species present along the road corridor due to increased noise level. Some protected wild fauna such as Syal (Canis aureus) and Dumsi (Hystrix indica). The impact will be indirect, low, local and short term in nature.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 40 Socio-economic Aspects Loss or Degradation of Farm Land and Productivity 130. 0.21 ha agricultural land will be acquired for the sub-project. Moreover, spoil on farm land will also affect the production of agricultural crops. There will be loss of 0.056 quintal of agricultural crops. It is clear that the loss of crops from the land acquired by the project will have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households who are dependent on the agricultural productivity of their land. The impact is expected to be direct, high in magnitude, local in extent and of long term in duration.]
Impact on Private properties 131. House passage at the ch. 0+500, 3 house wall at the chainage (0+590, 0+900 and 1+400), 1 house roof at the chainage 0+745, 2 house at Ch 5+680 5+950, 2 cattle shade at Ch (5+950, 6+200), 1 toilet at the ch 8+930, 1 Kitchen at the ch 10+500 and 1 shop at the chainage 11+010 are affected. The detail is given in Appendix XIVa. The impact will be direct, high, site specific and long term in nature.
Impact on Public properties 132. In the public structure 6 electric pole at the ch 0+250, 0+400, 0+795, 0+850, 1+295 and 1+400, 1 electric hitension pole at the chainage 0+455, 1 transformer at the chainage 0+900, wall of school at the ch. 2+650, be affected. The detail is given in Appendix XIVb.The impact will be direct, high, site specific and long term in nature.
Occupational Health, Safety and Sanitation 133. This road is proposed to bituminous road for the rehabilitation and reconstruction due to the devastating earthquake. Thus, during construction the labor are exposed to different level of risks. The potential impacts to health are respiratory and eye diseases due to the exposure on dust, risk of accident during works. The impacts are direct, low, short term and local.
5.2.2 Operation Phase Physical Aspects Road Slope Stability and Management There is possibility of slope instability caused by the opening of branch roads connecting village settlement with Municipality/DCC funding. Human activities like inadequate maintenance of the road, blockage of drains and irrigation water may cause slides and slope failure. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and long term in nature.
Impact due to Air, Noise and Water Pollution 134. During operation period, a number of vehicles will run along the road and will emit gaseous pollutants. This will increase the pollution level of ambient air along the road corridor. Washing of vehicles in natural streams may cause contamination in drinking water sources. As this road falls under DRCN, the vehicular movement is not expected to be very high, the overall impact of will be direct, low, local and long term.
Biological Aspects Depletion of Forest Resource 135. The forest resources depletion may occur due to ineffective drainage works, inappropriate spoil disposal and construction practices. The development of market centers may exert pressure on forest and eventually depleting the forest resources. To meet the
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 41 increasing needs of the forest products, illegal felling/cutting of poles and trees may occur. Operation of road may increase in timber smuggling due to easy access and easy transportation facilities. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in nature.
Disturbance to Wildlife and Illegal Hunting 136. Although the wildlife population is reported low, they may be disturbed due to the frequent movement of the vehicles. Vehicular flow, horn blowing in the forest area will have impact on the wildlife and bird species. There may occur illegal hunting during operation period by the people from market areas due to easy accessibility. The impact will be indirect, low, local and long term in nature.
Socio-economic Aspects Ribbon Settlement Development 137. Increased opportunities for trade and commerce along the roadside will attract people to build shops, restaurants, stalls and hotels and may encroach RoW. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and medium term in nature.
Road Safety Measures 138. Movement of vehicles in the road will invite accidents. Moreover, inadequate provisions of road safety measures like no provisions of signals and lack of enforcement of traffic rules during operation period may invite accidents. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and long term in nature.
Waste generation and segregation 139. The road passes through Agricultral land, Barren land, Forest Land and settlement area. After the completion of the project new settlement is likely to establish. The increasing trend of roadside settlement is likely to increase household waste as well as wastewater on the road. The impact will be direct, moderate, local and long term in nature.
5.3 Climate Change Impacts 140. Climate change is an inevitable fact which needs to be considered for future planning, construction and maintenance of roads located in plain areas. The need to limit deterioration effects from adverse weather conditions (e.g. prolonged precipitation, heat stress, freeze-thaw cycle) and damages consequences in case of extreme events (e.g. embankment failure) is a key factor influencing construction designs . Weather contribution to the ordinary wear & tear of infrastructure and weather disaster risks areindeed intrinsic parameters for transport system design. Transport conditions are also highly affected by extreme weather events such as winter storms, ice, and heavy rainfalls.
141. In general, transport can be vulnerable to many different types of weather conditions of which, some of them could be exacerbated with climate change. Many of them relate to extreme weather conditions (e.g. storms, extreme precipitations, extreme temperatures) which on their turn may result in severe consequences for the physical environment (e.g.floods, landslides, soil erosion) and represent risks for transport infrastructures and operations.
142. Based on field survey, the study started with an exhaustive list of potential future impacts for transport (infrastructures/activities), linked to key weather stressors. All modes and components of the transport system (infrastructures, transport fleet, transportation
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 42 operation and transport users) will, to a certain degree, be affected by extreme weather events. Some of such extreme weather conditions could be exacerbated under future climate change, thus increasing risks for transport and negatively affecting transport performance (safety, reliability, cost efficiency). Only few of the potential consequences could reveal positive (e.g. higher winter temperatures) for more detail refer Appendix II.
143. Table 18 below provides a summary about these impacts, with also an indication about the future trends in Khurkhure (Highway) – Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang road:
Table 18: Types of Climate Change Impacts, Possible Consequences for Transport and Insight from Climate Change Scenarios on Regions Affected and Associated Level of Confidence
Climate Projected trends and Overview of potential impact on impact magnitude transport system Increased Increase in frequency, intensity Thermal expansion of summer bridges. temperature Increase in inter-annual variability Over heating of diesel and changes in cold and warm engine. extremes larger and faster than Thermal expansion of the corresponding changes in bitumen used for road mean. surface. Increased Reducing constraints for road Winter maintenance. Temperatures Change construction seasons Increased In summer, the region would Flooding of land transport Precipitation experience increased infrastructures, and precipitations amount but Wet pavements and safety flooding decrease rainfall days.Trends risks. would be inconsistent. Embankment collapse, Winter seasons: The regions More frequent landslides and would experience less associated risks. precipitation. Extreme Expected extreme wind speeds Damage to infrastructure on winds roads, pipelines, road signs. Disturbance to transport electronic infrastructures, signaling, etc
Temperature and rainfall: Most of the respondents of the zone of influence felt that both summer and winter temperature is increasing remarkably since last decades. People have noticed that the rainfall days are decreased in last 8-10 years, however amount rainfall is IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)– Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan almost the same. It means both drought and cloud burst scenarios are increasing nowadays due to erratic rainfall.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 43 Flash floods, as associated with heavy rainfalls (in case of thunderstorms for instance) are expected to become more frequent in this region. There is only one stream named fedi khola. So, it won't affect badly for the road.
Landslides and soil erosion are the consequences of multi-factors, including soil moisture – as influenced by rainfalls intensity, soil types and slopes. As Khurkhure (Highway) – Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang road lies in the plain as well as hilly region. So, there is possibility of flood, landslides and soil erosion. 144. Following climate change adaptation measures will be considered during the construction and operation of the road: .Likely local effects of climate change will be assessed through observation and regular monitoring of drainage system, erosion etc. .Adequate and timely maintenance and early warning system will be done. .Awareness raising activities will be conducted about climate change issues and adaptation and mitigation measures. .No tree or vegetation will be removed unless absolutely necessary to reduce deforestation and compensatory plantation will be done to cut carbon per capita emissions
5.4 Cumulative Impact 145. Cumulative impact is the impact caused due to the natural calamity (earthquake) and its aftershocks for a long period. Some of the impact caused by the devastating earthquake and its after shocks are as follows:
Landscape patterns Water quality and quantity Air quality Transportation patterns Visual character Damage housesdue to earthquake and construction of road Expansion of the cracks Soil erosion
146. The process of cumulative environmental change can arise from any four types of events 1. Single large events i.e. large project 2. Multiple interrelated events 3. Catastrophic sudden events i.e., major landslide 4. Incremental, wide spread slow change e.g., poorly designed culvert or drainage system
147. There are no other projects which will cause significant impacts in the surrounding of Khurkhure (Highway) – Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang road sub-project in Chitwan district. However following cumulative impacts may arise due to the construction of this road sub- project.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 44 Beneficial Impacts 148. There will be increase in number of immigrants, due to various infrastructure facilities such as employment generation during road construction. The availability of the road can enhance the business, market and other infrastructural developments.
149. Construction of road will enhance the access of people by reducing travel time and costs as well as quick transportation of goods. Various farm based enterprises, including a wide range of agricultural and livestock products, will also gain momentum as a result of transportation facilities.Vegetables, fruits, cash crops, sale of farm, fruit and livestock products will be increased in almost all the settlements along the road corridor. Similarly, there will be diversification in occupational pattern of local people, who are till now mainly dependent on subsistence farming. This will lessen pressure on local natural resources.
150. Due to an increase in employment opportunities, trade, business and agricultural income, money will be channeled into the local economy. This will increase income level of the individual household and the local community. It is possible that some money may be spent by the individual for community development activities such as education, school, health and sanitation services.
Adverse Impacts 151. Fresh cuts also invite landslides and erosion, particularly during monsoon. The common likely problems from inappropriate disposal of spoils are gully and erosion of spoil tips especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff, damage to farm lands and crops as well as property at downhill. The concentrated water from the road outlet causes erosion and landslide eventually affecting the stability of the road.
152. This sub-project passes through 2 community forest( kalika and Satyadevi C.f). There will be the loss of 466 trees from community forest and 106 treees from the private land. In total 572 trees will be cut down from the forests during construction of the road. Increase in vehicular movement will further affect the movements of wildlife. Felling of trees, further change in land use due to potential trading opportunity and increased number of vehicles will lead to high GHGs emission as well as low carbon sequestration. Similarly change in land use might accelerate soil erosion.
153. Loss of private properties, crops and trees from the land acquired by the project will have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households.Increased opportunities for trade and commerce along the roadside will attract people to build shops, restaurants, stalls and hotels and may encroach RoW. Movement of vehicles in the road may invite accidents. Also pollution might increase with vehicular movement. The socio – economic aspect might disappear slowly. The aftershock of the devastating earthquake may affect the stability of the road and might collapse the built up road.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 45 6. Analysis of Alternatives 154. Alternative analysis has been considered as an integral part of IEE study, which involves an examination of alternative ways of achieving objectives of the proposed sub- project. The aim of alternative analysis is to reach at a development option, which maximizes the benefits while minimizing the adverse impacts. The various alternatives to achieve the sub-project objectives with minimum environmental degradation are discussed in following sub-sections:
6.1 No Action Alternative 155. This alternative does not allow for the implementation of the Proposal. This alternative has both beneficial and adverse impacts on the environment. If the proposal is not implemented, the transportation time and cost for the local people to the district headquarter and markets and vice versa will continue to remain at present rate and hardship of people will continue. The no action option will conserve some of the environmental adverse impacts at the cost of poverty and in accessibility of the people.
6.2 Proposal Alternatives 156. Chitwan DCC (then DDC) has selected Khurkhure (Highway) – Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang road sub-project as it provides access to northern east part of district.
6.3 Alternative Alignment 157. This is existing track and the only route to connect Khurkhure and Rapti Municipality (then Korak VDC). Therefore, other alternative alignment has not been surveyed.
6.4 Alternative Design and Construction Approach 158. There are two types of road design approach-conventional and green road approach. In conventional method, heavy machineries and equipment, explosives, heavy concrete structures with the application of bituminous surfacing, side drains, bridges and culverts etc. are extensively involved. On the other hand, labour based, environment friendly and participatory (LEP) approach or the green road approach focuses to conserve the delicate mountain ecology through the protection of vegetation cover as means of soil conservation.
159. The road sub-project is proposed for construction through NBC approach by using local labour and spoil disposal is balanced with cutting and filling as far as possible. There will be minimum use of excavator, rock breaker, compacter, roller and truck for road construction. Simple dry stone walls, gabion walls and stone causeways are used to the maximum extent possible.
6.5 Alternative Schedule and Process 160. During the rainy season, construction work will be stopped to allow the natural compaction of the road and carried out during the remaining months.
6.6 Alternative Resources 161. The physical resources consumed during the construction of the proposed road will mainly include boulders for gabions and stones for dry stone masonry and gabion walls. The proposed construction will optimally use the local people and local materials.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 46 6.7 No Forest Alternative 162. This is an existing road and proposed for rehabilitation and reconstruction passing throug two CF. The widening of the road to prescribed standard is expected to affect a very narrow strip of forest at few shorter sections. Additional forest to be affected by the project is only about 0.71 ha. There is no forest alternative considered for this road sub-project. The use of forest land is limited to formation width only.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 47 7. Environmental Impact, Augumentation, Remedial and Mitigation Measures 163. Mitigation refers to the measures that are designed to cope with adverse consequences and to enhance the positive impacts on the environment as a result of the Sub-project implementation. An effective implementation of benefit maximization measures and adverse impacts mitigation measures would optimize the benefits expected from the Sub-project and avoid/minimize the adverse impact. The impacts that have been identified, predicted and evaluated in Chapter 5 have following benefit enhancement and mitigation measures.
7.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase 164. The mitigation measures adopted during design or pre-construction phases are preventive in nature and have two basic objectives: a. Avoiding costly mitigation measures. b. Increasing awareness among the stakeholders for environmental management of road construction and operation.
7.1.1 Detailed Survey and Design
165. The road design has followed the rural road standards developed by DoLIDAR. The works will be executed through National Competitive Bidding (NCB) package by the contractors. Bio-engineering techniques will be applied for stabilization of slopes, which is sustainable, environmental friendly and can be done by using local resources and manpower. To improve the transport services for the people living along the road and link local areas with the main market, acquisition of land would be required. 166. Relevant issues raised during public consultation have been addressed under respective mitigation measures. Therefore, no separate mitigation measures are warranted for the concerns raised by the local people.
7.2 Beneficial and Benefit Augmentation Measures 7.2.1 Construction Phase Employment Generation and Increase in Income 167. Following benefit augmentation measures will be implemented:
Uplifting the socioeconomic condition of affected people thrugh life skill trainng. At least one-fifth Involvement of women and disadvantaged groups will be done.
Enterprise Development and Business Promotion 168. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Rent from land acquired temporarily during construction 169. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Women Empowerment 170. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 48 7.2.2 Operation Phase Improvement in Accessibility and Saving of Time and Transportation Cost 171. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Access to Inputs and Services 172. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Increase in Trade, Commerce and Development of Market centers 173. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
Appreciation of Land Value 174. No benefit augmentation measures are planned for this.
7.3 Adverse Impacts Mitigation Measures 7.3.1 Construction Phase Physical Aspects Change in Land Use 175. There will be no mitigation measures for the permanent loss of agricultural, forest land. However, following mitigation measures will be adopted to compensate the loss of land into built up area:
. Applying additional protective measures (bio-engineering and retaining structure) that the remaining land will not be lost due to erosion. . Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase greenery in the area. . During re-vegetation, local species identified during the survey will be used. . The spoil site will be stabilized with bio-engineering.
Stockpiling of Construction Materials and Spoil Disposal 176. Suitable materials obtained from excavation will be used for embankment filling, and backfilling of structures. Despite this, the surplus excavated materials obtained will be disposed at construction site as required. Wherever possible, the surplus spoil will be used to fill eroded gullies, quarries and depressed areas. Gabion retaining wall and stone masonry wall have been proposed at various locations to manage spoil disposal. 177. Although, limited quantity of material will be used for construction, and some of the spoil will be used up, there may be some environmental implication of temporary storage of these materials and can be minimized by adopting following measures:
Wherever possible, surplus spoil will be used to fill eroded gullies, quarries and depressed areas etc. Top soil will be stored and utilized in farm land Remaining excess spoils will be disposed in specified tipping sites in a controlled manner and the tipping sites will be covered by vegetation through bio-engineering techniques after surplus material is tipped. Spoils will not be disposed on fragile slopes, farmland, marshy land, dense forest areas, natural drainage path, canals and other infrastructures. (Although spoil disposal and tipping areas have been proposed within the boundary of community forests, these areas have very sparse stands of trees.)
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 49 After the disposal, the site will be provided with proper drainage and adequate protection against erosion. Spoil disposal site is proposed at the ch. 8+300 and separate spoil disposal management plan will be prepared Necessary gabion walls and retaining walls will be provided to protect the disposal of soil. Proper drainage will be arranged around the stockpile area. Stockpiling of material (like sand) will be located away from settlement area and schools. Cover the stockpile of construction material during high wind.
Slope Instability and Soil Erosion 178. Supply and construction of gabion/stone masonry will be done for slope protection and support the slope. The detail is given in Appendix V d, e and f. The construction materials like stone and boulder is available along the road and materials like sand, aggregates, and timber are available near by the project area in Lothar Khola about 10 Km away from start point Khurkhure. The other materials cement, steel bar, GI Wire, Hume pipes, is transported from Sauraha Chowk, Chitwan.
179. Retaining wall will be built to protect slopes from landslide and bioengineering will be adopted for stabilizing them. The bio-engineering work includes tree / shrubs as well as grass and bush/hedges plantation. These include Lajavati, Dubo, Sisnu, Titepati, Bamboo, Utis, Kadam and others. Following mitigation measures will be adopted during the construction of the proposed road and the cost has been included in the sub-project cost:
Ensuring minimum cut slope Selecting cut and fill slope at the correct angle, depending upon the soil type Re-vegetation of cut and fill slope or exposed areas as soon as possible, by using native plant species. Adoption of bio-engineering techniques. No construction work during rainy season. Mass balancing in cut and fill volume.
Disruption of Surface Water Flow and Drainage (Drainage and cross drainage works etc.) 180. In order to address this, following mitigation measures will be under taken: . Provide adequate and appropriate numbers of drainage structures in order to have minimum interference with and impact on natural drainage pattern of the area, . Avoid surface water discharge into farm land or risky locations, . Avoid blockage or diversion of natural channels due to construction of road and disposal of spoils. . Adopt outward road slope as per green road standard to minimize water accumulation.
Air Dust, Noise and Water Pollution 181. The following mitigation measures will be adopted: Use of face masks by workers to minimize impact from dust generation. Plantation of tree along the roadside to act as dust barrier. Use of ear muffles to lessen noise pollution during rock breaking Avoiding the disposal of excavated materials in or near water bodies.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 50 Construction of toilets in camp sites. Construction activities and transportation of construction material will be limited to day time only to reduce noise pollution affecting local people in night time. Spraying water twice a day to minimize dust emission for local people and settlement of road.
Quarry Site 182. The following mitigation measures will be adopted: Quarry operation plan will be prepared. Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas, settlements and fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry operation. Stones and boulders will be collected from the environmentally suitable and legally recognized quarry sites. After the extraction is completed, the quarry site will be rehabilitated to suit the local landscape, plantation will be done and drainage will be provided.
Location of Camp Sites 183. The mitigation measures will be use of labors; rent local house instead of camp to keep labors; sitting camp away from productive lands and forest areas; pay compensation for using private farm or lands for storage or camp. Proposed camp site is at ch. 7+100. Toilet, water and other basic facilities will be provided to workers. Solid wastes generated from labour camp shall be segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. Recyclable wastes shall be sold off. Efforts shall be made to compost biodegradable wastes in small size compost pits by the Contractor. Non-biodegradable and non-saleable wastes shall be disposed in a secured and safe location in coordination with Rapti Municipality- 8, 10 and local NGOs. They shall not be burnt in any case. The Contractor shall apply preventive and protective measures on waste management and hazardous material management.
Construction Equipment Vehicles 184. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
All equipment/vehicles deployed for construction activities shall be regularly maintained. All the vehicles deployed for material movement shall be spill proof to the extent possible. In any case all material movement routes shall be inspected daily twice to clear off any accidental spills. Materials under transportation shall be covered.
Use of Bitumen 185. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
Use kerosene for heating and strict prohibition to heat bitumen by using fuelwood. Appropriate storage of material. Use of appropriate safety gears to ensure safe health of workers such as masks, boot, gloves, hat.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 51 Biological Aspects Loss or Degradation of Forest and Vegetation 186. The following activities are proposed to cut the trees from the forest area during the road construction.
. Forest clearance approval will be obtained from the DFO and MoFSC. . Government procedures such as counting the number of trees to be felled, marking and measuring wood quantity etc. will be followed.
187. According to the Government of Nepal (2071/01/12 BS): Standard for Removing Government Trees, 2071 BS , the sub-project has to carry out plantation (with protection for five years) or pay for the plantation and protection cost to the District Forest Office.Total 466 trees need to be cut down from community forest. So, in total 11,650 seedlings have to be planted for compensatory plantation with estimated cost of NRs 2,473,062.00 as given in Appendix XIIIa. This cost will be provided to CFUGs through DFO. Location and type of species for the plantation will be selected by the CFUGs/DFO. However, emphasis will be given to local, multiple use species.The forest products from the forest will be used by CFUGs. Likewise, for the 106 trees to be cut down from the private land, at the ratio of 1:1 trees will be done by the sub-project or the seedling and plantation cost of NRs 6,180.86 as given in Appendix XIIIb. For the plantation, total estimated cost is NRs 2,479,242.86 Calculation of per plant plantation cost in private land and community forest is given in Appendix XIIIc & d. For the compensatory plantation in CF and private land, compensatory plantation cost, sample agreement between DFO, CFUG and DCC/DTO has been attached in Appendix XIIIe. Similalry compensatory plan and the road side plantation plan and plantation in private land have been given in Appendix XIIIf.
Impact on Wildlife and Bird Habitat 188. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
. Construction activities near the forest areas (3+750 to 5+400 and 7+800 to 10+150) will be carried out during day time only. . Prohibit to wildlife harassment and poaching by the workers. . Coordination with DFO to control activities like poaching of wild by enforcing acts and regulations strictly. . Conducting conservation awareness programme for the construction workers.
Impacts on Flora and Fauna (as listed in CITES and IUCN Red Data Book and Protected by GoN) 189. Following mitigation measures will be adopted: . Workers will be actively prohibited from collecting fuel wood from forest or hunting of birds or animals. . Emphasis will be given to plant protected species during compensatory plantation. . Minimum site clearance will be done.
Socio-economic Aspects Loss or Degradation of Farm Land and Productivity 190. Mitigation measures will be as follows:
. Compensation for loss of property,
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 52 . Compensation for loss of standing crops and temporary use in agriculture land, . Plantation of trees along the both sides of road to act as dust and noise barrier, . Support in agriculture extension to increase productivity. . Compensation of NRs 25,459,200.00 against loss of land will be provided.
Impact on Private properties 191. Compensation will be provided as per the resettlement plan to the affected person for the displacement of houses and other structures. NRs 905,300 will be given as the compensatory cost for private properties.
Impact on Public properties 192. Rehabilitiation of structure will be done in consultation with local community and users. NRs 163,830 will be given as the compensatory cost for public properties.
Occupational Health, Safety and Sanitation 193. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
. The workers will be provided with helmets, masks, muffles and boots depending on the nature of the construction work. . Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be established to control open defecation and pollution of water bodies by the workers . First aid box will be kept at work sites. . Group accidental insurance will be done for the workers. . First aid training will be provided to field staff. . Labor camp will have room with proper ventilation and natural light, safe drinkable water, mosquito net, sanitary facility, and solid waste management. . Kerosene or gas stoves will be supplied to labor camps and use of firewood will be strictly prohibited.
7.3.2 Operation Phase Physical Aspects Road Slope Stability and Management 194. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
. Rill and gully formations will be regularly monitored and immediately fixed at critical areas. . Repair and maintenance of the slope protection measures and drainage works. . Minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology (bioengineering).
Impact due to Air, Noise and Water Pollution 195. Following mitigation measures will be adopted:
. Community and road user awareness programmes will be organized . Signboards restricting the use of horns will be erected near health posts, schools and settlements. . Plantation will be done near the settlement around school and health post to act as dust and noise barrier. . Vehicle washing in natural streams will be discouraged.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 53 Biological Aspects Depletion of Forest Resource 196. The mitigation measure recommended is awareness raising programmes to educate local people.The cost for awareness raising training is NRs. 100,000.00
Disturbance to Wildlife and Illegal Hunting 197. Following mitigation measures will be adopted to minimize the above-mentioned impacts: Appropriate sign boards will be erected informing drivers about: . Prohibition of blowing horns in Kalika and Satya Devi CF . Potential areas for wildlife crossing Maintenance workers will be briefed regularly about the importance of rules and regulation of DFO in order to make them comply with. Awareness raising programmes about importance of wildlife to the local people, students, and vehicle operators will be conducted. Awareness activities on laws related to illegal hunting will be conducted to discourage Wildlife poaching. The cost for signboard installation is allocated as NRs. 150,000.00.
Socio-economic Aspects Ribbon Settlement Development 198. The mitigation measures to be adopted include: . Awareness raising programs to regulate settlements . Signboards will be erected notifying about legal prosecution for encroachment within RoW. . Plantations of trees will be done in the RoW so that it is not encroached
Road Safety Measures 199. The mitigation measures adopted will be . Applying appropriate road safety measures with the help of 3-Es i.e. Engineering, Enforcement and Education. . Required safety signs will be used along the road such as schools, wildlife crossing area. . Awareness program on road safety will be organized for school student.
Waste generation and segregation 200. The following mitigation measures will be adopted: . Awareness raising program through local organizations for proper segregation of generated solid waste. . Methods of dumping the degradable and non - biodegradable wastes. . 3 R principle of waste management. . Installation of separate bins for degradable, recyclable and non- recyclable waste along the road. . Separate glass, plastic and metal from other non-biodegradable waste for recycling in coordination with local NGO and Municipality. . Non-recyclable -non-biodegredable waste can be used for landfill in coordination with Municipality.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 54 7.4 Climate Change Impacts 201. Following climate change adaptation measures will be considered during the construction and operation of the road:
.Likely local effects of climate change will be assessed through observation and regular monitoring of drainage system, erosion etc. .Adequate and timely maintenance and early warning system will be done. .Awareness raising activities will be conducted about climate change issues and adaptation and mitigation measures. .No tree or vegetation will be removed unless absolutely necessary to reduce deforestation and compensatory plantation will be done to cut carbon per capita emissions
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 55 8. Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project 202. In Nepal, various legal instruments are in place to ensure the integration of environmental aspects in development proposals. This IEE reviewed the following legislative provisions and environmental guidelines to ensure compliance of the Project.
Table 19: Review of Environmental Acts, Regulations and Guidelines
A Constitution The Constitution of Nepal: It has guaranteed every person the right to live in a clean environment as a fundamental right. As per the constitution, it is also a matter of State policy to adopt appropriate measures to abolish or mitigate existing or possible adverse environmental impacts on the nature, environment or biological diversity. B Plans and Policies National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.): It has identified restoration and improvement of access to service and improve environmental resilience as one of its strategic recovery objectives. Forest Policy, 2071 B.S. (2015 A.D.): Plantation is mandatory for environmental friendly physical infrastructure development along settlement area, road and irrigation canal. Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2071 B.S (2014 A.D.): This policy has been formulated to strengthen socioeconomic conidition of project affected families with the provision of necessary land acquisition, justifiable compensation, appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation for the public welfare and implementation of infrastructure development projects. Three Years Interim Plan, 2070/71-2072/73 B.S. (2013/14-2015/16 A.D.): Identified the importance of road sector in promoting national unification, socio-economic development and regional balance contributing to overall development of the country and also in promoting the access to service and facilities. It aims to achieve sustainable, broad-based, inclusive economic growth. The plan also addresses climate change adaptation and mitigation and overall environmental protection. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 A.D.: ADB’s Safeguard Policy Framework consists of three operational policies on the Environment, Indigenous people and Involuntary resettlement. It requires that (i) impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle, (ii) plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are developed and implemented and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted during project preparation and implementation. 20 Year Road Plan, 2059 –2079 B.S. (2002-2022 A.D.): With main objectives of development of Strategic Road Networks (SRN), the implementation strategies include all weather road connection to the District Headquarters (DHQ) and provision of road linkages from the DHQ to the adjacent road network of the neighboring districts and countries Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal, 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It proposes to adopt measures to improve the way of life of the
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 56 affected people and safeguard natural surroundings. In case damage is inevitable environmental assessment should find ways of reducing or compensating for such damage. It suggested five types of environmental assessment activities like Screening, IEE,EIA and Monitoring. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2014-2020 FY: It is prepared to provide guiding framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has focused on national needs of biodiversity management and conservation, fulfillment of the international obligations, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits accrued from conservation and utilization of genetic resources. It has a long term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short term (up to 2020) strategies and priorities for action. C Act Act Relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S (2015 A.D.): This act provides for the creation of the NRA for a period of five years (which may be extended) and defines its functions, duties and powers. It has mandated NRA for leading and managing the earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Nepal. It has delegated the NRA the authority to frame rules (Section 30), may make and enforce necessary guidelines or procedures in order to conduct its business (Section 31). Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.): It outlines the duties of local government to take action to control haphazard waste generation, disposal or collection and has provisions for various punitive measures against those engaged in activities detrimental to the intentions of the Act. Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Engaging children including those who has not attained the age of 14 in risky activities against his/her will by any means is prohibited. In case any enterprise has to engage a child in works, an approval has to be obtained from concerned body. Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Requires decision makers to take account of all forest values, including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the production of timber and other commodities. Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.): It has legal arrangements for determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing environment and other hazardous effects thereof and also keeping water resources free from pollution. It has clearly mentioned that no one shall pollute water resource by way of using or putting any litter, industrial wastes, poison, chemical or toxicant to the effect that the pollution tolerance limit of the water resource as prescribed. The Labor Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.): Regulates the working environment, deals with occupational health and safety. Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 2039 B.S. (1982 A.D.); It empowers GoN to declare any area of Nepal as a conserved watershed area, specifying the borders thereof. The Watershed Conservation Officer (WCO) has the
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 57 authority to implement protective infrastructure, vegetation program and regulate agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation. It empowers WCO to prohibit the commission of any acts that may cause soil-erosion or soil cutting in a land where any of the acts has been done Public Roads Act, 2031 B.S. (1974 A.D.): Act mandates requirement of permission from the DoR to carry out activities within the limits of the road boundaries and also provision of notifying the DoR by local governmental offices prior to the start of activities in the limits of the public roads. National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1972 A.D.): This act provides protection to 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and three species of reptiles. D Rules and Regulations Rule Relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D): It provides the basis for prioritization of reconstruction. More importantly, it defines functions, duties and rights of the Chief Executive Officer and Secretary of NRA and District Coordination Committee. Local Self Governance Rules 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Local Self Governance Act. Forest Rules, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.): It elaborates legal measures for the conservation of forests and wildlife and provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Forest Act. It stipulates that in case the execution of any project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local individual or community, the proponent of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be paid. E Work Procedures, Guidelines, Standards and others Local Body Restructuring Notice, MoFALD, GON, 2017 A.D: Declaration of the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 Rural Municipality and Municipality with 481 Rural Municipalities, 246 Municipalities, 13 Sub-metropolitan cities, 4 Metropolitan cities and dissolve of VDC/DDC. Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) and First Ammendment, 2073 B.S. (2016 A.D.): These provide procedural guidelines for undertaking reconstruction and rehabilitation projects. These include a comprehensive suite of procedures for different activities like environmental impact assessment, land acquisition, and public procurement for reconstruction projects (2072 B.S.) and grievance management (2073 B.S.). It determines the format of IEE and EIA. The first amendment has revised the threshold for projects to undergo IEE or EIA. It prescribes (under Clause 2 of Schedule 1) that upgrading, rehabilitation and reconstruction and new construction of district, urban and rural road should follow IEE study and approval. Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects, 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.): Following are the main features:
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 58 • EMP/IEE/EIA study is mandatory for obtaining forestry clearance. • Alternative analysis has to be done during feasibility study for avoiding forest area or if not having minimal loss of vegetation. • Concerned Ministry has to obtain concurrence from Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation before approving IEE/EIA • Provision of compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) at the ratio of 1:25 plants by the project or provide plantation and protection cost to concerned DFO. ADB Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It elaborates environmental legal requirements and procedures according to the Government of Nepal and Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of ADB and guides the preparation of environmental assessments and environmental management plans. ADB Resettlement Framework (RF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It guides the preparation of resettlement plans by elaborating legal and procedural guidelines according to GoN and ADP SPS. Batabaran Parichhyan - Resource Booklet - 2070 B.S. (2013): It provides guidance for local body to prepare environmental assessment reports of different projects; construction materials extraction and local roads, on their own. Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLG) 2070 B.S (2013 A.D.): This framework is prepared to promote environmental conservation through local institutions to materialize environment friendly local development concept. There are different level of environment friendly indicators like basic, advanced and special indicators at household, tole/settlement, ward, VDC, Municipality and District level. Main objectives of this framework are as follows: Mainstreaming the environment, climate change, disaster management issues in local development planning process. Making environment friendly local governance mechanism. Strengthening basic level to make environment friendly sustainable development. Promoting coordination and cooperation within environment and development. Strengthening local organization to enhance local ownership for the sustainable development of environment.
Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2012 A.D.: Sets the classification and geometric design standards for the Local Road Network to be followed by all those involved in the development of the network, including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs, DoLIDAR and its development partners. National Adaptation Program of Action, 2068 B.S. (2010 A.D.): The NAPA has been instrumental in mainstreaming climate change in development planning. The NAPA has developed a framework for adaptation programme, and has identified key adaptation needs, existing adaptation practices and options for developed projects including infrastructure. Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, 2060 B.S (2003 A.D): Suggests stepwise process of addressing environmental and social issues alongside the technical, financial and other issues.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 59 Batabaraniya Nirdesika (Nepali), 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Focuses in the practical implementation of small rural infrastructures through the minimization of environmental impacts and outlines simple methods of environmental management in the different phases of the project cycle. More emphasis is given to prevention rather than cure. APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Emphasizes labor based technology and environmental friendly, local resource oriented construction methods to be incorporated actively in rural infrastructure process. Green Roads in Nepal, Best Practices Report – An Innovative Approach for Rural Infrastructure Development in the Himalayas and Other Mountainous Regions. GIZ, 1999 A.D.: It focuses on participatory, labor based and environment friendly technology with proper alignment selection, mass balancing, proper water management, bioengineering and phased construction. Environmental Management Guidelines, Geo Environmental and Social Unit, DoR, 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.): It consists of environmental mitigation measures to be incorporated into DoR projects, procedures for public participation, and socio- economic consideration. The Environmental Mitigation Measures are broken down into 12 categories or activities and a method for implementation is given for each mitigation measures including implementation strategies. These environmental mitigation measures should be used in conjunction with good engineering design, construction and operation practices. It also suggests considering the various socio- economic issues like land acquisition and compensation, economic impacts and cultural heritage. Community forest development program guideline (third revision 2071 B.S.): Sustainable and scientific management of forest by the local users including environment services and facilities for the mitigation of natural calamaties, wildlifes nad forest fire National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Provides guidance to project proponent on integrating environmental mitigation measures, particularly on the management of quarries, borrow pits and stockpiling of materials, operation of the work camps, earthworks and slope stabilization, location of stone crushing plants etc. F International Conventions Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 2053 B.S., amended, 2059 B.S. (1973 A.D., amended 1979 A.D.): It regulates international trade in endangered wild flora and fauna with the aim of reducing or eliminating trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that further removal from their natural habitat would lead to their extinction. It urges parties not to allow trade in specimen of species included in the CITES Appendices I, II and III with some exception. As the area holds some CITES listed species, this convention is attracted in case of their trade. Convention on Biological Diversity, 2049 B.S. (1992): It focuses on the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 60 and equitable sharing of the benefits. It urges parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring EIA of the proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity. Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent Countries, 2046 B.S. (1989A.D): The convention provides right to the indigenous and tribal people to decide their own priorities for the process of development. It mandates participation in formulations of the plan and programs, decision making regarding national development. It safeguards rights of the indigenous people in territories traditionally occupied by them.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 61 9. Environmental Management Plan 203. The environmental management plan (EMP) is prepared to guide the implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles, environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure and budget for mitigation measures.
9.1 Institutions and Their Roles 204. Different institutions involved in the IEEs and EMP implementation and roles of these institutions are given in Table 20. The environmental management organizational structure is given in Figure 10. Table 20: Institutions and their Roles
Institution Role Responsibility in the Project National Executive agency and To review and approve IEE Reconstruction concerned IEE approval Report Authority authority as per Act relating Conduct environmental to reconstruction of monitoring from central level. Earthquake affected structure/ Rule relating to reconstruction of Earthquake affected structure. MoFALD Co-ordination of project Representation in IEE review activities with EEAP team constituted by NRA Conduct environmental monitoring from distrct level. CLPIU - EEAP Co-ordination of project Technical Unit to support and activities from center coordinate all activities for implementation of EEAP. Review,comment and forward ToR for IEE and IEE report to ADB for concurrence and to NRA for approval. SPV (Executing As Project EA, manages Monitors and ensures the Agency), Project overall project compliance of covenants, Management implementation and including submission of audited Office/Ministry of monitoring. project Finance (interim) financial statements. Coordinates with ADB and Recruits pool of consultants for other agencies for smooth PMU and procures project implementation. equipment and vehicles, if necessary, for PMU. Updates procurement plan and monitors the procurement process. Guides, supports and monitors PIUs and field offices in implementing sub-
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 62 Institution Role Responsibility in the Project projects in respective project districts. Communicates with ADB on project progress and any issues that may arise. Maintains project documents, consolidates reports from PIU and submits to ADB (as outlined in the PAM). Opens and manages project account for Government funds. Consolidates accounts and submits all audited project financial statements pertaining to the project to ADB within 9 months of the end of the fiscal year. CISC Support consultant at Central Technical and management Level. support to CLPIU-EEAP Supervises and monitors project consultants and contractors. Implements and monitor resettlement plans and IEEs for the relevant subprojects and prepares consolidated reports on these. Ensures timely and effective implementation of the activities set out in the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Action Plan. Prepares progress reports, as outlined in PAM, for submission to PMU. District DCC is Project implementing Implement IEE and EMP of sub- Coordination agency in district projects and conduct Committee (then environmental monitoring and DDC) reporting.
District Technical Project implementation office Responsible for overall activities Office working directly under DCC related to implementation of the works at field level. District Supporting DCC on Assist DCC in environmental
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 63 Institution Role Responsibility in the Project Environment and environment and energy safeguard issues Energy Section issues Represent DDC in Grievance Redress Committee District Level Supporting consultants at Technical and management Project district level support to DTO/DCC for the Implementation implementation of project Unit activities in the districts. Responsible for supervision and monitoring at field level. Safeguard Desk Supporting unit for The desk will conduct regular safeguards at district level. monitoring of EMP compliance Safeguard desk coordinator and record them. The safeguard will work as focal person for desk will organize monthly Safegurd desk. The safeguard meeting which will be safeguard desk has been participated by all technical, established in DCC, Chitwan environment and social team of comprising environment and the district project office. The social safeguard personnel safeguard desk will maintain has been assigned as minutes of meeting of each coordinator of the safeguard safeguard meeting and through desk. DTO will report all the safeguard matters along with copy of the minutes to the EEAP. Responsible for supervising, coordinating, networking, monitoring and reporting environmental safeguard compliances. Grievance Support in addressing Responsible for addressing Redress grievances caused due to grievances due to road Committee road construction related to construction which affects their environment. livelihood. Project Steering Provides overarching Monitors and reviews project Committee guidance and policy level performance at an support to the project. inter-ministerial level and addresses key policy related issues. Ensures collaboration and cooperation among central level agencies.
205. To support for smooth implementation of the project, there are various district level committees and groups including DLPIU, DISC to support the project.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 64
Government of Nepal ADB, SDC
National Reconstruction Authority (NRA)
Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local/ PCC
CLPIU-EEAP CISC
Environment safeguard focal Environment Safeguard Unit
person (Environment specialist)
DLPIU Safeguard Desk LDO Environment + DFO/CFUG CDE DISC Resettlement + Social Engineers Accountant
Contractor
Figure 10: Environmental Management Organisation Structure
9.2 Implementation of Benefit Augmentation and Mitigation Measures
206. The DCC/DTO will be responsible for the implementation of benefit augmentation and mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 5. Various agencies including CLPIU, local bodies and concerned governmental line agencies will support DCC/DTO forBthe implementation of mitigation measures. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out to augment beneficial impacts and reduce/mitigate adverse impact produced from the implementation of the proposal, and the responsible implementing and supporting agencies are provided in environmental management plan is presented in Tables 21 and 22.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 65 Table 21: Likely Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures
Activity Effect Related Type of Impact Benefit Augmentation Responsible Agencies Beneficial Nat Mag Ext Dur Signifi Measures Executing Supporting Agency Impacts cance Agency Construction and Operation Stage Construction of Employment Increase in IN H LC ST VS Life skill training for DCC/ CL-PIU/ DISC/ CISC road Generation income level (60) (20) (5) (85) income generation DL-PIU (18,374 skilled activities to improve and 121,986 their livelihood. unskilled person days) and increase in income level Construction Enterprise Enhancement in D L LC ST INS No benefit Contractor/ CL-PIU/ DISC/ CISC work Development local economy (10) (20) (5) (35) augmentation DL-PIU and Business measures Promotion Rent from the INS DCC/ DL- Construction Source of income L SS ST No benefit CL-PIU/ DISC/ land acquired IN PIU work for short time (10 (10) (5) augmentation CISC temporarily (25) during period ) planned construction Construction Women Empower the IN H LC LT VS No benefit Contractor/ CL-PIU/ DISC/ CISC work Empowerment women (60) (20) (20) (100) augmentation DL- measures. PIU/NGO Operation of Improvement in Saving in travel D M R LT VS No benefit Municipality DCC/DTO Road Accessibility and time and travel (40) (60) (20) (140) augmentation Saving of Time cost measures.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 66 Activity Effect Related Type of Impact Benefit Augmentation Responsible Agencies Beneficial Nat Mag Ext Dur Signifi Measures Executing Supporting Agency Impacts cance Agency and Transportation Cost Operation of Access to Inputs Enhance D H R LT VS No benefit Municipality DCC/DTO Road and Services transaction of (60) (60) (20) (140) augmentation NGO/CBO goods and measures. cheaper access. Operation of Increase in Shifts towards IN L LC LT S No benefit Municipality DCC/DTO Road Trade, improved (10) (20) (20) (50) augmentation Commerce and commercial measures. Development of agriculture and Market Centers increase in non- agricultural occupation Operation of Appreciation of Improvement in IN H LC LT VS No benefit Municipality DTO/CDO/ Road Land Value local economic (60) (20) (20) (100) augmentation DCC condition measures.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 67 Table 22 : Likely Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures
Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Ma Ext Du sign Executing Supporting g r ifica Agency Agency nce Construction Stage Physical Environment Earth Change in land use of Loss of D H LC LT VS Applying
Excavation 0.21 ha agricultural land agricultural land, (60) (20) (2 (100 additional protective production, loss of 0) ) measures that the Contractor/ remaining land will not be property DLPIU/DC CLPIU/DCC lost due to erosion. The sites will be stabilized C with bio-engineering technologies Stockpiling of Land will be encroach for Encroachment of D H LC LT VS No productive and barren Contractor/ CLPIU/DCC construction the temporary time the land (60) (20) (2 (100 land will be used for DLPIU/DCC materials period. 0) ) stockpiling. Spoil Imposed weight of spoil Gully erosion, D M SS LT S Seperation and utilization Contractor/ CLPIU/DCC/DLPI Disposal on fragile slopes, total landslide, (20) (10) (2 (50) of top soil and proper DCC U 52323.63 m3 of spoil has disruption of road, 0) management of spoils and to be managed. damage to waste, provision of proper farmland, water drainages, toe walls. pollution etc. Proposed spoil disposal site is at Ch 8+300
Slope Slope Instability at the ch Erosion, landslide, IN M SS LT S Bio-engineering DLPIU/ CLPIU/DCC/CISC Instability and 11+100 to 11+300 loss of property (20) (10) (2 (50) application will be used to Contractor/ / DISC SoilErosion 0) stabilize the slopes. DCC
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 68 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Ma Ext Du sign Executing Supporting g r ifica Agency Agency nce Necessary slope stabilization structures will be constructed Construction Water management, Erosion, landslide, IN M SS M INS Proper drainage structures of Road generation of large damage to (20) (10) T (40) (causeways) will be volume of surface runoff farmland (1 constructed. No blockage DCC/Contr DCC/DTO/DLPIU/ 0) or diversion of natural actor DISC channels due to construction of road and spoil disposal. Construction Air pollution due to dust Effect on local D L LC INS Use of face mask while works, spoil from exposed surface, people and (10) (20) ST (35) working on dust prone DCC/Contr and waste from construction workers health (5) areas, covering of dust DLPIU/ DISC actor disposal equipment and effect on sources. agriculture Noise pollution Disturbance and D L LC ST INS Restrict horn near school, annoyance around (10) (20) (5) (35) health posts etc. DCC/Contr DLPIU/ DISC school, health actor posts. Water pollution due to Risk of water D L LC ST INS Proper spoil management sediment level borne diseases. (10) (20) (5) (35) andrestriction in urination Water pollution, and defecation in open DCC/Contr DCC/ DLPIU/ damage to areas and water bodies. actor DISC farmland, disturbance in
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 69 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Ma Ext Du sign Executing Supporting g r ifica Agency Agency nce natural drainage
Quarry Site Quarry operation at the Accelerated D L LC ST INS Quarry operation plan will chainage 9+200 (since erosion, (10) (20) (5) (35) be prepared, quarrying the quarry site is located landslides, from legally recognized DCC/DTO/D in forest area, new site is disturbance in quarry sites only. LPIU/Contra CLPIU/DISC recommended) and its natural drainage ctor potential effect on patterns, water instability, logging and water pollution. Establish Pollution and impact due Encroachment of D M SS ST INS Camp site will be located labor camp to location of camp sites forest, agriculture (20) (10) (5) (35) at 7+100 away from the land, solid waste, productive land. DCC/Contra DLPIU/DISC and waste water ctor may cause pollution Construction works, operation of Effect on local Air pollution due to dust construction people and Regular maintainance of from exposed surface, H LC ST S DCC/Contra vehicles, workers health D vehicle, covering of dust DLPIU/DISC from construction (40) (20) (5) (65) ctor material and effect on sources. equipment and vehicles hauling and agriculture unloading etc. slope cutting,
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 70 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Ma Ext Du sign Executing Supporting g r ifica Agency Agency nce spoil and waste disposal
Construction Use of Bitumen Damange in soil D H LC LT VS Use kerosene for heating of Road productivity, air (60) (20) (2 (100 and strict prohibition on pollution ddue to 0) ) firewood uses, safety heating of bitumen gears to workers (Such as Contractor DLPIU/DISC gloves, boots, masks etc), appropriate storage of materials. Biological Environment Clearance of Loss or Degradation of Loss of D L LC LT S Compensatory plantation vegetation 0.71 ha Forests, 572 environmental (10) (20) (2 (50) of trees 11,650 trees from necessary for trees (466 from C.F and benefits from 0) the community forest and road 106 from private land) vegetation, 106 trees in the private CFUGs/ DFO//DISC/CLPI formation disturbance in land will be done. NRs. DLPIU U/CISC ecological function 2,479,242.86 has been allocate for compensatory plantation. Construction Impact on wildlife Disturbance to IN L LC ST INS Work only in day time; no activity including birds wildlife including (10) (20) (5) (35) disturbance to wildlife, DCC/Contra DFO/CFUGs/ birds awareness programme for ctor/DLPIU DISC/ CISC workers.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 71 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Ma Ext Du sign Executing Supporting g r ifica Agency Agency nce Construction Impact on Flora and Loss of IN L LC ST INS Minimum site clearance, DCC/Contra DFO/ DLPIU activity Fauna as listed in biodiversity. (10) (20) (5) (35) prohibiting workers for ctor /CFUGs/DISC CITES, IUCN and GoN. hunting/harassing wildlife Socioeconomic Environment Acquisition of Loss or Degradation of Reduced D H LC LT VS Minimize productive land land for 0.21 ha agricultural land, production, loss of (60) (20) (2 (100 acquisition through maintaining 1.04 build up area. income 0) ) selection, compensation to DCC/DTO/D CDC6/DISC road width affected people. NRs. LPIU CLPIU 2,549,200.00 has been allocated for land compensation. Demolition of house passage at the Loss of services D H SS LT VS Compensation for affected public and ch. 0+500, 3 house wall provided by these (60) (10) (2 (90) private structures and private at the chainage (0+590, structures 0) Rehabilitation of public structures 0+900 and 1+400),house infrastructure will be done CDC/ DISC / DCC/ along road roof at the chainage according to the CLPIU / DLPIU 0+745, 2 house at Ch Resettlement Plan. NRs. municipality 5+680 5+950, 2 cattle 1,069,130.00 has been shade at Ch (5+950, allocated for land 6+200), toilet at the ch compensation.
6The Land Acquisition Guidelines, 1991 specify the establishment of an Acquisition and Construction Committee (also known as Compensation Determination Committee, “CDC”) for fixing the rate of compensation of private properties to be acquired, consisting of the concerned Chief District Officer (Chair), Land Revenue Officer, representative of the DDC and the Project Manager and others as deemed necessary.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 72 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Ma Ext Du sign Executing Supporting g r ifica Agency Agency nce 8+930, Kitchen at the ch 10+500 and shop at the chainage 11+010 are affected.In the public structure 6 electric pole at the ch 0+250, 0+400, 0+795, 0+850, 1+295 and 1+400, electric hitension pole at the chainage 0+455, transformer at the chainage 0+900, wall of school at the ch. 2+650, will be affected. Construction Impact on occupational Injury, fatal D L LC ST INS First aid facility at sites activity health and safety accidents, (10) (20) (5) (35) with health treatment outbreak of arrangements, proper epidemics and drinking water and toilet diseases, decline facility for construction DCC/Contra in capacity to work workers, safety gears DLPIU/DISC ctor (helmet, face masks, goggles, gloves, boots) and accidental insurance of workers
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 73 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Ma Ext Du sign Executing Supporting g r ifica Agency Agency nce
Operation Stage Physical Environment
Operation of Road Slope Stability and Slides and slope D M LC LT S Regular maintenance of road Management failure, (20) (20) (2 (60) slope protection structures Disturbance to 0) and bioengineering traffic flow, pollution of water Municipality DCC/DTO bodies, impacts on agriculture land, loss of vegetation. Operation of Air, Noise and Water Disturbance to D L LC LT S Community awareness, vehicles Pollution students, patients, (10) (20) (2 (50) no horn signs near wildlife, effect to 0) schools, health posts and Municipality DCC/DTO nearby agriculture restriction on washing of land and crops vehicles in local streams.
Biological Environment Road Depletion of Forest Loss of timber, IN M LC LT S Awareness raising operation Resources forest resources (20) (20) (2 (60) programmes for Municipality DFO/CFUGs and benefits 0) conservation of forest resources, enforcement of
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 74 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Ma Ext Du sign Executing Supporting g r ifica Agency Agency nce law along with community participation. NRs. has been 100,000.00 allocated fo awareness raising training. Road Disturbance to the Collision of wildlife IN L LC LT S Warning traffic signal, operation Wildlife and Illegal with vehicles, (10) (20) (2 (50) awareness raising training Hunting disturbance in 0) to drivers to limit speed Municipality DFO/CFUGs their normal and horn use. NRs. has activities been 150,000.00 allocated fo erecting signboards. Socio-economic Environment Encroachment of D M LC M S RoW, increased (20) (20) T (50) Awareness raising Ribbon Settlement accidents, delay in (1 Road programmes, planning of DCC/Local Development traffic movement, 0) DCC/DTO operation land development, administration depletion of local plantation of trees in RoW resources, water pollution Operation of Road Safety Increase in D M LC LT S Appropriate road safety Road accidents (20) (20) (2 (60) measures, safety sign Municipality DCC 0) boards along the road. Operation of Waste generation and Increase in D M LC LT D Appropriate awareness
Road segregation pollution like air, (20) (20) (2 raising program for proper
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 75 Activity Potential Negative Related Adverse Type of Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Effects Impacts Measure Nat Ma Ext Du sign Executing Supporting g r ifica Agency Agency nce water etc 0) segregation of solid waste Dumping degradable and non-degredable waste, separate glass, plastic and metal from other non- biodegradable waste for recycling, waste can be used for landfill.
Note: Magnitude H= High (60) M= Moderate (20) L= Low (depending on the scale or severity of change.)(10) Extent R= Regional (60) LC= Local SS= Site specific Duration LT= Long term (more than 20 years)(20) MT= Medium term (3-20 years)(10) ST= Short term (less than 3 years)(5) Nature D= Direct; IN= Indirect Impact upto 44; insiginificance (INS) 45-74;significance(S) 75 or greater; very significance (VS)
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 76 9.3 Mitigation Cost for Executing the Environmental Management Plan 207. The estimated cost for beneficial augmentation measures like awareness raising program, skill training, promotion of small scale industries, and income generation activities will be covered by the Gender Equality and Social Inclusioin (GESI) component of the project. Costs for income generation and awareness programme activities for Affected Persons (APs) are included in Resettlement Plan. The design and cost estimate for most of the suggested mitigation measures such as slope stabilization, spoil disposal, landslide construction will be incorporated in the design and cost estimates. However clear BoQ will be prepared for supply of face masks, helmets, muffles, accidental insurance, bioengineering measures, plantation and environmental protection awareness trainings. Therefore, most of the mitigation measures suggested would be a part of road design and construction without additional cost. All proposed mitigation measures will be integrated in the sub-project design so that these measures may automatically form part of the construction and operational phases of the Sub-project.
9.3.1 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Activities 208. The CLPIU, with the DLPIU and the DIMU, will monitor and measure the progress of EMP implementation. The monitoring activities will be corresponding with the project’s risks andimpacts and will be identified in the IEE. In addition to recording information of the work, deviation of work components from original scope, the CLPIU with the DLPIU will undertake site inspections and document review to verify compliance with the EMP and progress toward the final outcome.
209. DSC will submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to the CLPIU, who will take follow-up actions, if necessary. CLPIU will submit the quarterly monitoring and implementation reports to the PMU. The PMU will submit semi-annual monitoring reports toADB. Project budgets will reflect the costs of monitoring and reporting requirements. Monitoring reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public.
210. The PMU will document monitoring results, identify the necessary corrective actions, andreflect them in a corrective action plan. The PMU, in each quarter, will study the compliance with the action plan developed in the previous quarter. Compliance with loan covenants will be screened by the executing agency.
211. ADB will review project performance against the executing agency’s commitments as agreed in the legal documents. The extent of ADB's monitoring and supervision activities will be commensurate with the Project’s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management system. ADB will monitor projects on an ongoing basis until a project completion report is issued. ADB will carry out the following monitoring actions to supervise project implementation:
(i) Conduct periodic site visits for projects with adverse environmental impacts; (ii) review the periodic monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated as planned and as agreed with ADB;
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 77 (iii) Work with executing agency to rectify to the extent possible any failures to comply with their safeguard commitments, as covenanted in the legal agreements, and exercise remedies to re-establish compliance as appropriate; and (iv) Prepare a project completion report that assesses whether the objective and desired outcomes of the safeguard plans have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of monitoring.
212. Total cost of environmental monitoring (field visits, observation, review of reports and report preparation) is estimated NRs. 200,000 as given in Table 23.
Table 23: Environemntal Monitoring Cost
Manpower requirement Duration (days) Rate (NRs) Amount (NRs) Team Leader/Environmental Specialist 5 4,000 20,000 Engineer 3 3,000 9,000 Forestry expert 3 3,000 9,000 Socio-economist 3 3,000 9,000 Support staff 3 1000 3,000 Transportation cost LS 25,000 Report preparation LS 25,000 Central level monitoring LS 100,000 Total 200,000
9.3.2 Major Costs for Environmental Safeguard Measures
213. The environmental management cost of this project is estimated to be NRs. 3,329,242.86 and total cost is NRs 104,148,152.27 (38.44% of total cost) and is summarized in Table 24. Besides this, NRs. 100,818,909.41 is included in civil work also.
Table 24: Estimate for Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Measures
SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) Remarks Environmental Management Cost 1.1
Schedule before construction and 1.1.1 Environmental awareness raising training 100,000.00 during construction Compensatory plantation & protection cost 1.1.2 2,479,242.86 for trees on forest and private land 1.1.3 Road side plantation 200,000.00 1.1.4 Signboard 150,000.00 1.1.5 Waste management 200,000.00 1.1.6 Environmental monitoring cost 200,000.00 Sub-total(i) 3,329,242.86
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 78 SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) Remarks 1.2 Other environmental cost(included in civil works cost also) 1.2.1 Structural/Side Drain/Cross Drainage works 98,902,601.10 Occupational health and safety (GPA 1.2.2 1,200,000.00 insurance) 1.2.3 Bioengineering works 716,308.31 Sub-total(ii) 100,818,909.41 Sub-total (i+ii) 104,148,152.27
9.4 Matters to be Monitored while Implementing the Proposal 214. Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a basis for logical comparison for the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal. Environmental monitoring will involve the systematic collection of data to determine the actual environmental impacts of the sub-project, compliance of the sub-project with regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the environmental protection. Monitoring will be an integral part of the implementation of the mitigation measures during project construction, and will generate important information. It will improve the quality of sub-project implementation.
215. The National EIA Guidelines (1993) and working procedure related to reconstruction of Earthquake affected structure, 2016 require monitoring plans and indicators, schedules and responsibility be identified in the IEE report. The following sub-sections deal with the various components of the monitoring programme in order to promote the full integration of monitoring activities in Project works and implementation.
9.4.1 Baseline Monitoring 216. Baseline monitoring helps to update the baseline information collected during IEE/EIA study when there is a significant time gap between IEE/EIA approval and proposal implementation. In general, it is carried out if there is a significant time lapse between the preparation of the IEE report and the construction stage or a change in environmental quality is noticeable. This sub-project will proceed for construction immediately after the approval of this IEE report and hence, baseline monitoring is not required for this sub-project.
9.4.2 Compliance Monitoring 217. Compliance monitoring is essential in order to ensure that environmental protection measures recommended by this study and other requirements set forth during the approval of the sub-project are complied with. This monitoring is not concerned with determining the actual effect of the sub-project activities on the environment.
218. The proponent will ensure compliance of activities such as; inclusion of mitigation measures in the design and tender documents, budget allocation for mitigation measures and monitoring, compensation arrangements and other compliances spoil disposal, storage sites, arrangement of construction activities etc.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 79 219. The borrower’s compliance with covenants will be monitored through ADB’s project administration missions – including the project inception mission, when the loan covenants’ compliance time table will be discussed and agreed upon. Project reviewmissions will appraise the borrower’s compliance with loan covenants vis-à-vis the time table agreed in the loan agreement. Non-compliance or delay in compliance will be discussed and remedial measures shall be proposed to GoN for timely compliance. If required, the mid term review mission will review compliance of loan covenants and also assess whether the set ofcovenants are still relevant or need to be revised or waived due to changes incircumstances; ifso, the mission will recommend revisions or waivers for consideration of ADB and GoN.
9.4.3 Impact Monitoring 220. Impact monitoring is generally carried out to assess the effectiveness of the environmental mitigation measures and provides actual levels of impacts in the field. Hence an impact monitoring evaluation study is proposed by the end of the sub-project construction phase or within three years of sub-project implementation. Impact monitoring will focus on each predicted impact and effectiveness of environmental protection measures. This will also focus on the stability of slopes; spoil disposal sites, work camps and labour camps, wastes on the local environment. The utilization of cash compensation to the extent possible, condition of the forest in the vicinity of the sub-project area, water management, damage to human facilities, incremental change in production of high value commodities, increase in other sources of income, employment generation, road side plantation, social status, impediment to wildlife movement, etc.
9.4.4 Project Performance Monitoring 221. The executing agency, in consultation with ADB, will develop within 6 months of loan effectiveness, a project performance monitoring and reporting system. The executing agency shall develop a web-based project performance monitoring and reporting system which will include functions for accounting and expenditures the recovery and reconstruction (R&R) program, concurrent evaluation of impacts, outcomes, outputs andactivities in relation to targets and milestones established for the project and the overall R&R program for the earthquake affected areas in Nepal. The executing agency will prepare monitoring reports in a pre-approved uniform format for all donors, covering key aspects of the R&R program, with an additional annex specific to the Project for periodic submission to ADB as agreed.
9.4.5 Safeguards Monitoring 222. The PMC will brief the DLPIU and CLPIU Safeguards Focal Persons and the DIMU on monitoring requirements for EMP and resettlement plan implementation. Monitoring data will be generated by the DLPIU and DIMU and provided to the CLPIU. The CLPIU will then verify the monitoring data and submit these and other required information to the PMU. The PMU will prepare semi-annual monitoring reports (one for environment and one for involuntary resettlement) that describe progress of safeguards implementation, compliance issues, and corrective actions. Reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public. Safeguards monitoring requirements including suggested monitoring report formats are in the EARF and Resettlement Framework.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 80 9.5 Monitoring Parameters 223. These would be based on the level of site-specific information or existing data series and impacts prediction. Efforts will be made to make the indicators measurable and diagnostic with low natural variability and broad applicability. In this context, the following physical, biological and social indicators will be monitored during the construction and operational stages of the sub-project.
9.5.1 Pre-Construction Phase 224. During this phase the Consultant bear the main responsibility in ensuring that the environmental and social safeguard considerations are adequately incorporated in the Project design and that the respective clauses to address the identified impacts are sufficiently included in the specifications and work contracts.
9.5.2 Construction Phase 225. In this phase the monitoring focuses on impacts on the environmental and social setting caused by the ongoing sub-project. This monitoring checks compliance with the practices, norms, standards and technical solutions prescribed in the design and in the EMP. The specific monitoring tasks will include
. Verify and quantify the ongoing slope protection measures, and propose rectifying measures as needed; . Verify and quantify the ongoing activities in propose rectifying measures as needed; . Verify and quantify the ongoing/completed tree felling actions; . Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of responsibilities and costs; . Verify and quantify the effects of disposal of spoil and construction wastes and their consequences; . Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work, and their consequences; . Monitor by utilizing structured checklists and questionnaires, the contractor’s full compliance with the occupational health and safety regulations for the work staff; . Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife; . Identify and assess the environmental implications on the people’s status of knowledge and awareness in relation to ongoing education campaigns; . Verify and quantify losses/damage to private property and community facilities; . Verify and quantify losses/damage to cultural properties; . Explore mechanisms to stipulate strict application of the EMP and identify consequences to be borne by the contractors in case of non-compliance.
9.5.3 Operation Phase 226. The specific monitoring tasks in this phase will include:
. Assess changes in land-use patterns, development of cottage industries, services and demographic composition that may be caused by the road development;
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 81 . Verify and quantify the occurrence of ribbon development, resulting in encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road; . Verify all activities for decommissioning work sites and construction to their former functional stage, as applicable. This refers also propose rectifying measures as needed. . Verify and quantify the adequacy of the executed bio-engineering works for slope protection and erosion control; . Verify and quantify the adequacy of the drainage structures, functionality of these structures, shortcomings in maintenance, and possible effects on private and communal lands, as well as on aquatic resources; . Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused by Project activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of responsibilities and costs; . Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work, and their consequences; . Verify the success/failure of skill development and job opportunities’ training carried out ; . Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife.
9.6 Monitoring Indicators 227. The monitoring will include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed. Following Table 25 specifies the set of verifiable indicators that will be used for monitoring.
Table 25: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE
Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring Soils, Landslides, . Number, location and extent of slope failures Erosion, Waste . Cause analysis for slope failure natural/man-made management sites . Area (ha.) of land, forest and properties affected . Number and extent of gully erosions and pavement failures . Suitability of corrective/bio-engineering measures . Sites and suitability for safe disposal of wastes and garbage Bio-engineering . Number and plant species selected for bio-engineering, disaggregated by protective function Water pollution, water . Blockage of waterways – extentand secondary impacts resources and their . Water pollution incidents due to unsafe disposal of waste uses and spoil . Damage to farm lands Air and noise level in . Assessment of noise level in site by direct observation and relation to traffic volume interview with stakeholders . Visual assessment of dust development at selected sites/sensitive spots and interview with local stakeholders . Traffic volume measurements Road safety . Number and type of road accidents recorded in the traffic police and in local health service centers . Suitability of local road signs Wildlife/ Habitat . NOs and extent of road accidents inflicting wildlife disturbance . DFO records of illegal timber extraction and wildlife trade impacts on forest . Observations and handling of invasive species.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 82 Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring resources Socio-economic . Number and extent of new settlements /types and ethnic development near road groups . Number and extent of new businesses . Number and extent of new services and utilities Resettled households . Number of HHs resettled and livelihood restoration . Income situation and opportunities for the resettlers . Verification of compensation and assistance to resettlers
228. The following Table 26 identifies the specific compliance monitoring activities. Phase-wise/chronological details are provided for the methods, schedules, responsible implementing agency and the responsible monitoring agency. The compliance monitoring refers primarily to the pre-construction and construction stage of the project. Table 27 details the impact and effect monitoring activities envisaged for this sub-project.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 83 Table 26: Compliance Monitoring for Khurkhure (Highway) – Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Sub-project Parameters/Indicator Responsible Verifiable Verification Schedule Responsible Implementing Indicators Methods Monitoring Agency Agency Final alignment DLPIU Incorporation of walk- Walk-through along Initial stage of DCC/ DTO/DLPIU selection through final road preconstruction recommendations into alignment, verifying phase alignment selection sensitive areas process and design document Land and property DTO and CDC Cadastral records, land Public consultation, Initial stage pre- DCC/ DLPIU acquisition and with assistance and properties photos; geo- construction phase compensation of DLPIU acquisition procedures; referencing verification report Site selection and DLPIU Project’s arrangement for Site observation, Beginning of DTO/DCC preparation of materials storage, and geo-referencing construction period construction logistics construction activities and photographic documentation Awareness and DLPIU Training programmes for Specifications; Beginning of DCC/DTO orientation training on skill development, training records, construction and road construction to occupational safety and check training during construction technicians, and environmental protection programme reports, locally employed associated with road assess feedback labourers construction works from participants Compliance to DLPIU Health and safety Spot checks at Throughout DCC/DTO occupational health regulations, first aid and work sites, photos, construction and safety matters medical arrangements, accident records, activities number and type of interviews safety equipments such as mask, helmet, glove,
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 84 Parameters/Indicator Responsible Verifiable Verification Schedule Responsible Implementing Indicators Methods Monitoring Agency Agency safety belt, accidental insurance Grievance Redress Contractor/DLPIU/ Project arrangements for No of complaints During construction DCC/DTO Mechanism DISU/ CLPIU/CISC the affected people's and grievances concerns and grievances record about the projects environmental and social performance Vegetation clearance Contractor/ DISC Actual number of trees Record, inspection After detail design DTO/DCC/DFO/CFU felled during construction and interview with and before Gs works local people construction work Measures to avoid DLPIU/DTO/DISC Use of firewood or fossil Inspection, Once a month DTO/DCC/DFO/CFU pressure on forest fuel by construction crew, interview with local during construction Gs and wildlife events of hunting and people poaching of wildlife Measures to protect Contractor/DLPIU/D Dust level and noise Visual observation Once in a month DCC/DTO environment from air TO level at work sites, major and discussion with during construction & noise pollution settlements and sensitive residents and spots like health centres workers and schools Measures to protect Contractor/DLPIU/D Visual observation, Site inspection, Once in a month DCC/DTO water bodies from TO observation of open interview with local during construction; pollution defecation and waste people upon demand for disposal around water testing with field kit sources near construction sites Adequate technical DLPIU/DTO Adequate number of Check number and Twice a month DCC/DTO
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 85 Parameters/Indicator Responsible Verifiable Verification Schedule Responsible Implementing Indicators Methods Monitoring Agency Agency and environmental technicians regularly at type of technicians during construction supervision site with ability to available at site, implement labour based skill of work carried road construction out, discussion concept Clean up and Contractor/ Decommissioned sites Site observation; At the end of DLPIU/DTO reinstatement of the DLPIU/DTO indicate no comparing photos; construction period construction sites adverse/residual consultation with (camps, quarries) environmental impacts, land owners and and are rehabilitated to community based the satisfaction of the organizations supervisor and land owners
Table 27: Impact/Effect Monitoring of Khurkhure (Highway)– Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Sub-project Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency Slope stability Inclination, slope failures, causes; Site observation, photos Near steep slopes Continuously DLPIU during anderosion drainage facilities such as catch discussion with people and at landslide during construction; drain, side drains and functionality and technicians areas and sites construction and DCC/Soil of cross drainage structures; fresh operation Conservation Office gullies and erosion; success/failure during operation of bio-engineering solutions Bio-engineering Re-vegetation through bio- Site observation; Cut slope area, During and at the DLPIU/DCC/DTO of disturbed engineering application on disturbed inspection of nursery and where vegetation is end of Sub- slopes slope; establishment of nursery its production rate, cleared;nursery project
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 86 Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency photos, measurements sites construction Disposal of spoils Affected aesthetic value, affected Site observation and At specific locations During DLPIU/DCC/DTO and construction forest and agriculture land, initiated interviews, photos, geo- where such sites construction wastes land erosion by local blocked referencing sites occur drainage, hazard to downhill slope residents and agricultural lands Loss or Status of road side land; Observation, data Road side land and During DLPIU/DCC/DTO degradation of production/yield; collection and analysis houses construction farmland, houses status of road side houses; status of and interview with and properties standing crop along alignment stakeholders Water quality Observation of open defecation and Visual observation Local streams During DLPIU/DCC/DTO waste disposal around water construction; sources near construction sites upon demand for testing with field kit Air quality Dust level in ambient air Visual inspection At construction sites During DLPIU/DCC/DTO and at sensitive construction spots Forest and Numbers of trees, presence of Observations, In and around the During DLPIU/DFO during vegetation ground vegetation, signs of illicit DFO/CFUGs records, construction sites, construction and construction; logging and extraction of NTFPs photos markets Operation DFO/DCC during operation Wildlife Wildlife hunting and poaching by Interview with local Forest areas at Twice a year DLPIU/DFO/CFUGs work force, trade of wildlife, road people/CFUGs/DFO and roadside during during construction; accidents inflicting wildlife observations construction and DFO/CFUGs/DCC routine during during operation operation
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 87 Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency Change in Numbers of people employed by the Records kept by the Sub-project area Trimester during DLPIU/DCC/DTO economy project during construction, project management, construction numbers of women in work forces discussion with phase stakeholders Trade and Numbers of shops increased or Records, interviews, Throughout sub- Once in a year DCC/DTO/DLPIU/ commerce decreased, rental of houses and observations, photos project area Municipality land spaces Occupational Type and number of accident Observations, photos, Throughout sub- During DLPIU/DCC/DTO safety and hazard occurred during construction; spot checks, contractors project area construction adequacy of occupational safety and health centre measured provided; compensation records interview with provided in case of fatal accidents workers Change in socio- Number and extent of new Observations, interview Throughout sub During operation DCC/DTO/ economic settlements/types and ethnic with local people, DCC, project area Municipality structure groups; nos. and extent of new Police and Municipality businesses; nos and extent of new (then VDC )records services and utilities, social conflicts Ribbon Congestions to road users and nos. Records, observations Throughout sub During operation DCC/DTO/ settlement of accidents, RoW encroachment project area Municipality
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 88 9.7 Grievance Redress Mechanism 229. The objective the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is to resolve complaints as quickly as possible and at the local level through a process of conciliation; and, if that is notpossible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal. A well-defined grievance redress and resolution mechanism will be established to resolve grievances and complaints in atimely and satisfactory manner. All affected persons will be made fully aware of their rights, andthe detailed grievance redress procedures will be publicized through an effective public information campaign. The grievance redress process includes four levels:
230. First level of GRM: The first level and most accessible and immediate contact for the fastest resolve of grievances are the contractors, and design and supervision consultants onsite. Prior to construction of any works, the CLPIU and DLPIU will ensure local community meetings are held to notify local residents and businesses of any temporary disturbances, and to inform them of the Project. If a local area committee (LAC) exists in the area, they should also beinformed. If any complaints arise, the contractors, consultants, and DLPIU can immediately resolvethe complaint on site. The CLPIU can also be involved in grievance redress at this stage. The CLPIU and DLPIU office phone number will be posted in public areas within the sub-project areas andconstruction sites. Any person with a grievance related to the project works can contact theproject to file a complaint. The DLPIU offices will have a safeguards focal person to field and resolve complaints. The safeguards (environment and resettlement) focal person will document the complaint, and immediately address and resolve the issue with the contractor within 1-2days, if the complaint remains unresolved at the field level. The DLPIU may seek the assistance ofthe consultant safeguards specialists (the environmental specialist or social safeguards specialist) to resolve the issue. The DLPIU safeguards focal person will notify the CLPIU safeguards focal person that a complaint was received, and whether it was resolved. The DLPIU safeguards focal person will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location, and (v) how the complaint was resolved.
231. Second level of GRM: If the grievance remains unresolved; the DLPIU will forward the complaint to the CLPIU safeguards focal person. The person filing the grievance will be notifiedby DLPIU safeguards focal person that the grievance was forwarded to the CLPIU safeguards focal person. The CLPIU will address the grievance. Grievances will be resolved through continuous interactions with affected persons, and the CLPIU will answer queries and resolve grievances regarding various issues including environmental or social impacts. Corrective measures will be undertaken at the field level by the CLPIU safeguards focal person within 7 days. He/she will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location and (v) how the complaint was resolved.
232. Third level of GRM: If the grievance remain unresolved, the PIU’s project director will activate the third level of the GRM by referring the issue (with written documentation) to a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) constituted by the EA, which will, based on review of the grievances, address them in consultation with the PMU, CLPIU, DLPIU, and affected persons. The GRC will consist of PMU leadership, affected persons, and local area committee, among others—determined to provide impartial, balanced views on any issues. The GRC should consist of at least five persons. A hearing will be called with the GRC, if
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 89 necessary, where the affected person can present his/her concern and issues. The process will promote conflict resolution through mediation. The GRC will meet as necessary when there are grievances to be addressed. The GRC will suggest corrective measures at the field level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision within 15 days. The functions of the GRC are asfollows: (i) to provide support to affected persons on problems arising from environmental orsocial disruption, asset acquisition (where required), and eligibility for entitlements compensation, and assistance; (ii) to record grievances of affected persons, categorize and prioritize them, and provide solutions within 15 days; and (iii) to report to the aggrieved parties developments regarding their grievances and decisions of the GRC. The PMU safeguards focal person will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before the GRC, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings, and taking follow-up action to see that formal orders are issued and the decisions carried out.
233. Fourth level of GRM: In the event that a grievance is not addressed by the contractor, DISC, CLPIU, DLPIU or GRC, the affected person can seek legal redress of the grievance in the appropriate courts, the fourth level of the GRM, which is the formal legal court system. The GRM however does not prevent affected persons from seeking legal redress at any time. The grievance redress mechanism and procedure is depicted in Figure 11 below.
Grievance
First Level: 1-2 days Grievance Contractor, st Redressed 1 Level Grievance DISC, DLPIU
Not redressed 7 days 2ndLevel Grievance CLPIU, CISC Grievance Redressed
Not redressed
Grievance 15 days 3rdLevel Grievance Grievance Redressed Redressed Committee Not redressed
Higher th 4 Level Grievance Authority/Court of Law
Note: CLPIU- Central Level Project Implementation unit, DLPIU- District Level Implementation Unit, DSC- Design and Supervision Consultant, CISC- Central Implementation Support Consultant, DISC- District Implementation Support Consultant
Figure 11: Flow Diagram for Grievance Redress Mechanism
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 90 234. Safeguard monitoring reports will include the following aspects pertaining to progress on grievances: (i) number of cases registered with the GRC, level of jurisdiction (first, second, and third levels), number of hearings held, decisions made, and the status of pending cases; and (ii) lists of cases in process and already decided upon may be prepared with details such as affected person, date of notice, date of application, date of hearing, decisions, remarks, actions taken to resolve issues, and status of grievance (i.e. open, closed, pending).
235. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting / information dissemination) will be borne by the PMU.
236. ADB’s accountability mechanism will also be explained to affected households
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 91 10. Conclusion and Recommendation 237. The IEE study of the Khurkhure (Highway) –Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang road sub- project does not pass through any environmentally sensitive areas and has minimal adverse impacts. Most of the adverse impacts predicted are of low significance and short term, as well as of reversible nature. The beneficial impacts that come with the facility of access to market centers and the location of social services will enhance the productivity of the area and improve the quality of life of the people. In addition, local people will get direct employment as workers, which will contribute significantly to improving their livelihood. These benefits from the implementation of the road sub-project are more significant and long term in nature compared to the adverse impacts, most of which can be mitigated or avoided. Relevant issues raised during public consultation have also been addressed in the mitigation measures.
238. The project attracts clause 1 and 2 of schedule 1 pertaining to section 3 of working procedure relating environmental impact assessment for reconstruction of the earthquake affected structure, 2016. And the IEE has shown that none of the anticipated environmental impacts of rehabilitating the road are significant enough to need a detailed follow-up EIA. Therefore, this IEE is sufficient for approval of the sub-project
239. The road sub-project is recommended for implementation with incorporation of mitigation measures and the environmental management plan
IEE of Khurkhure-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 92 References
ADB 2009:Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009. Asian Development Bank, Manila.
ADB 2015: Project Administration Manual: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015.
ADB 2015: Environmental Assessment and Review Framework: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015.
DoLIDAR 1999: APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads. Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, 1999.
GoN 2015: Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures, 2015. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu 2015;
GoN 2016: Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu 2016;
GoN 2016: Working Procedure relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu.
GoN 2013: Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, October 2013.
GoN 2006: Environmental and Social Management Framework. Road maintenance and Development Project, Department of Roads, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, November 2006.
GoN 1998: Environmental Guide for Small Rural Infrastructure Projects. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Local Development in collaboration with IUCN, July 1998
GoN 1997: Environment Protection Act, 1997. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu
GoN 1997: Environment Protection Regulation, 1997. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu.
GoN 2003: REFERENCE MANUAL for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development. Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Department of Road, Kathmandu 2003
GoN 1993: Forest Act, 1993. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu GoN 1997;
GoN 1995: Forest Rules, 1995. Ministry of Law and Justice, GoN, Kathmandu GoN 1997;
Uprety B.K.2003: Safeguarding the Resources ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Process and Practice.
IEE of Khurkhure-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 93
APPENDICES
IEE of Khurkhure-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 94
Appendix I: Approved ToR for IEE Study
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IEE of Khurkhure-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 106 IEE of Khurkhure-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 107
Appendix II: Climate Change Checklist
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 108 Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening Country/Project Title: Earthquake Emergency Response Program (EEAP) Sector : Sub-sector: Division/Department:
Screening Questions Score Remarks 1
Location Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its Sub-project and Design components) likely to be affected by climate area is of project conditions including extreme weather related 2 vulnerable to events such as floods, droughts, storms, drought and landslides? soil erosion.
Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for There is no bridges) need to consider any hydro- river (except meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak 1 one small river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed khola called etc.)? fedi khola in the sub-project area. Materials Would weather, current and likely future and climateconditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, Maintenance temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and 1 humidity hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g.construction material)?
Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and related extreme events likely 0 affect themaintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)?
Performance Would weather/climate conditions and related of project extremeevents likely affect the performance (e.g. 0 outputs annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?
Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: Response Score Likely 0 Likely Not 1 Very Likely 2
Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned in a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 109 more (which include providing ascore of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response will be categorized as high risk project.
Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): High Other comments: Sub-project site is vulnerable to extreme weather related events mainly drought and soil erosion. Apart from small stream named fedi khola in the ch 7+690 there is no large rivers and stream in and along the road. So, there are no possibilities of flood and landslide.
Prepared by: ______
1 If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters are considered indesign standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the siting/routing of project,the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 110
Appendix III: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 111
Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist
Instructions: This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist. This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. Answer the questions assuming the ―without mitigation‖ case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the ―remarks‖ section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
SubProjectIEE of Khurkhure Title: (Highway) – Samitar – Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, chitwan
IA:
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project sitting Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? Cultural heritage site
. Protected area
Wetland
Mangrove
Estuarine
Buffer Zone of Protected Area Special area for protecting biodiversity B. Potential environmental impacts
Will the project cause… There are no historic or cultural Encroachment on historical/cultural areas along the road. areas; disfiguration of landscape by Disfiguration of landscape may road embankments, cuts, fills, and occur due to cut and fill, quarries? however, cut and fill volume will
be balanced. Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. Sensitive or protected areas)?
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 112 SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads,
resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site? Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes There will be no significant
from worker-based camps and impact. chemicals used in construction? Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, cutting and filling works, and chemicals from asphalt processing? Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due The safety measures will be to physical, chemical, biological and provided for all the workers to radiological hazards during project prevent from hazards. construction and operation? Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?
Resettlement Plan will be
Dislocation or involuntary prepared to address involuntary
resettlement of people resettlement of the affected people. Private structures like house, shop, toilet etc will be dislocated Dislocation and compulsory within the formation width of the resettlement of people living in right- road and they will be provided of-way? with compensation based on Resettlement Plan. Disaproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, indigenous peoples or other vulnerable groups? Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living conditions in
the project areas that may trigger Not envisaged. cases of upper respiratory problems and stress? Hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre- existing roads?
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 113 SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Poor sanitation and solid waste The road will be constructed by disposal in construction camps and the contractors who will stay in work sites, and possible the camp site for work and camp transmission of communicable site management will be done diseases (such as STI’s and for all the workers outside the HIV/AIDS) from workers to local project area. populations? Creation of temporary breeding Road construction is in terai habitats for diseases such as region. So, there might be transmitted by mosquitoes and breeding habitats for rodents? mosquitoes. Accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, leading to Traffic volume is negligible. accidental spills of toxic materials and loss of life? Traffic volume will be minimal Increased noise and air pollution and traffic speed will be very resulting from traffic volume? slow (<20km/hour) Increased risk of water pollution from Not envisaged. oil, grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road? Social conflicts if workers from other Not envisaged.
regions or countries are hierd? Large population influx during Not envisaged. project construction and operation that causes increased burden on
social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)? Risk to community health and safety Not envisaged. due to the transport, storage and use and/or disposal of materials
such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 114 SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Community safety risks due to both Not envisaged. accidential and natural causes, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of
the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 115
Appendix IV: Environmental Checklist
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reonstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 116 A. GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION 1. Overview of settlements along road corridor(व्ती वाय जानकायी)
Name of Household and Settlement Settlement and Population (no.) Indigenous Code* Caste/Ethnic Address Group (घयधयी य जनस ्मा) Distribution (व्तीक ू -cflbjf;L (व्तीक नाभ य (जात/जातत) क ड) Hh M F Pop ;d"x_ ठ गाना) A B C D E F G H I J * Use the same codes as in strip map and topographical map.
2. Economic activities/main occupation (आ्थिकl्थlतयभ्मऩ शाु )
Number of Hhs engaged in Settlement Agriculture Labour Business/ Cottage GO/NGO Code & & Others Commerce Industry Employees Livestock Porter (Specify) (व्तीक (्माऩाय/ (घय र (सयकायी/ग य (कषी (्मारा ु (अ्म) क ड) ृ ्मवसाम) उध ग) सयकायी) यऩशऩारनु ) भजदयी)ु A B C D E F G H I J
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 117 3. Existing services and infrastructures(ववधभान स वा रदामाक स ्था य ऩवािधाय)ू
Service/Infrastructure Settlement Code SN -;]jf / k"jf{wf/_ -a:tLsf] sf]8_ Category A B C D E F G H I J
1 EDUCATION (शशऺा)
1.1 Campus (no.) SofDk;_ ( Students (no.) -ljBfyL{_ 1.2 High School (no.) -xfO{ :s"n_
Students (no.) -laBfyL{_ Primary School (no.) -k|fylds 1.3
laBfno_ Students (no.) -ljBfyL{_
2 HEALTH (्वा््म) Hospital (no.) c:ktfn_ 2.1 Capacity (beds) -z}of_ Health Post 2.2 (्वा््म च की) Sub-Health Post (no.) Veterinary Services kz' 2.3 ( :jf:Yo ;]jf_ Pit/temporary Toilets (no.) (vfN6]÷c:yfO{ rkL{_ 2.4 Permanent (kSsL rkL{_ Open (v'Nnf_
3 COMMUNICATION (स चाय)
3.1 Telephone/Fax
3.2 Mobile/CDMA
3.3 Post Office
4 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY (no. of Hhs)(ववजुरी) From Micro-hydro -n3' hnljB't 4.1 af6_ From Mini-hydro -demf}nf 4.2 hnljB't af6_ From National Grid -/fli6«o 4.3 k|zf/0f af6_ From Solar System -;f}o{ phf{ 4.4 af6_
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 118 Service/Infrastructure Settlement Code SN -;]jf / k"jf{wf/_ -a:tLsf] sf]8_ Category A B C D E F G H I J From Diesel Generator -l8h]n 4.5 hg/]6/ af6_
5 BUSINESS & COMMERCE (्माऩाय/ ्मवसाम) Hotels & Lodges (no.) -xf]6]n 5.1 nh _ Restaurants & Tea Stalls (no.) 5.2 (्चमा ऩसर) Grocery Shops (no.) 5.3 ls/fgfऩसर Other Shops (no.) (e.g. stationery, medicine, 5.4 tailoring, fancy/cloth etc.) -:6];g/L, cf}iflw, n'uf l;pg] / km]G;L n'uf ऩसर_
6 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES (खान ऩानी) Gravity-Flow Scheme 6.1 (No. of taps) (wf/f स ्मा) 6.2 Tube-wells (no.) sn
Spring/Dug-wells (no.) (d"n/ 6.3 कु वा / इनाय)
7 IRRIGATION SCHEMES (शस चाई)
7.1 Surface Irrigation (ha.) (कु र ) Groundwater (ha.) hldgsf] 7.2 kfgL lgsfn]/
8 OTHER INFRASTRUCTURES(अ्म ऩवािधाय)ू Micro-hydro Scheme (no. & 8.1 capacity...... kw) (रघ ु जर ववधुत)
8.2 Water Mill (no.) (ऩानी घट) Suspension Bridges (no.) 8.3 (झ रगंऩु र)ु Wooden Bridges (no.) 8.4 (काठ ऩर)ु Other Bridges (specify) (अ्म 8.5 ऩर)ु
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 119 Service/Infrastructure Settlement Code SN -;]jf / k"jf{wf/_ -a:tLsf] sf]8_ Category A B C D E F G H I J
9 INDUSTRY (उ्म ग)
Weaving Industry (no.) (शसराइ 9.1 फनाई)ु Rice & Flour Mills (no.) s'6fgL, 9.2 ( lk;fgL Other Industries (specify) 9.3 (अ्म उ्म ग) …......
10 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS(वव्ततमस ्था, ;+Vof_
10.1 Bank (no.) (फंक)
10.2 Cooperative (सहकायी)
11 COMMUNITY USE(साभदातमकु रम जन, ;+Vof_
11.1 Ghat (no.) (घाट)
11.2 Hatia/Bazaar (no.) (हाट,फजाय)
11.3 Playground (no.) (ख र भ दान) Community Centre (no.) 11.4 (साभदातमकु बवन) Community Organisation 11.5 (साभुदातमक ;+3;+:yfx?)
11.6 Others (specify) (अ्म)
4. Land holding pattern (ज्गा जभीन)
Settlements with no. of Hhs 3/ w'/L ;+Vof Remarks Land holding pattern ( ) A B C D E F G H I J Landless(सुकु भफासी) <10 ropani (<१०य ऩनी) 10 to 20 ropani (१०-२०य ऩनी) > 20 ropani (>२०य ऩनी)
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 120
5. Food grain availability (HH no.) (खा्मान ््थती)
Settlements with no. of Hhs 3/ w'/L ;+Vof Total Availability Status ( ) A B C D E F G H I J
Surplus (वषिबयीऩुग यफ्न ) Sufficient for 9 monthsto 1 year (९भहहना -१वषिऩु्न ) Sufficient for 3-9 months(३-९भहहनाऩु्न ) Less than three months(३भहहनाब्दाकभऩु ्न )
6. Major existing agriculture production (denote the most dominant by 1, second dominant by 2 and so on) (भ्मु उ्जनी – सफ ब्दा फढी राई १ र , द र राई २ र य स ही अनसायु जनाउन )
S.N. Type of Agriculture Settlements (a:tL) production (उ्जनीक रकाय) A B C D E F G H I J 1.0 CEREALS(अ्नवारी) 1.1 Rice (धान) 1.2 Wheat (गहु ) 1.3 Maize (भक ) 1.4 Millet(क द ) 1.5 Junelo (जुन र ) 1.6 Phaper (पाऩय) 1.7 Others (list) (अ्म) 2.0 CASH CROPS (नगद वारी) 2.1 Oil Seeds (त र) 2.2 Beans/Dal (दार) 2.3 Tobacco(तभाख)ु 2.4 Potato (आर)ु 2.5 Vegetables (तयकायी) 2.6 Fruits (परपु र) 2.7 Tea/Coffee (्चमा / कपी) 2.8 Amriso (अशिस ) 2.9 Sericulture (य सभख ती)
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 121 S.N. Type of Agriculture Settlements (a:tL) production (उ्जनीक रकाय) A B C D E F G H I J 2.10 Others (list) (अ्म) 3.0 LIVESTOCK & FISHERIES (ऩशऩारनयभाछाऩारनु ) 3.1 Cattle (cows & buffaloes)(गाई बंसी) 3.2 Horses, Mules (घ डा,ख्चय) 3.3 Yak (माक) 3.4 Goat (वारा) 3.5 Sheep (ब डा) 3.6 Rabbit(खयाम ) 3.7 Pig (सु गय)ु 3.8 Fisheries(भाछा) 3.9 Poultry (कु खुया) 3.10 Bee-keeping (भ यी ऩारन) 3.11 Others (अ्म)
7. Migration for employment(य जगायीक रागी वसाई सयाई) No. of Hhs from where at least one person (may be Hh head) is away from home for more than 6 months (६ भहहना ब्दा वढीक रागी)
Settlement A B C D E F G H I J
No. of Hhs(3/ w'/L ;+Vof+)
Destination(Hffg] 7fpF)
B. SETTLEMENT INFORMATION
Name of settlement (व्तीक नाउ ): ………………… Address:(7]ufgf)M......
Potential market centre (;Defljt ahf/ If]q): ……………………
1. Seasonal migration in search of work(sfdsf] vf]lhdfभ सभी वसाई सयाई)
Starting Returning No. of Destination Purpose Month month Total HH (जान ठाउ ) (उद ्म) (hfg]भहह (kmls{g]भहह (घयधूयी ना) ना) स ्मा)
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 122
2. Development Potential According to Settlement
2.1 Areas which have significant potential for development, for instance, high agricultural production, tourism development, local mines, etc. (indicate these areas in map/sketch).(ववकाशक स बावना बएका ऺ र ज्त , ध य वढी उ्जनी हुन ऺ र, ऩमिटन ऺ र, खानी ऺ र)
S.N. Name of Area Description of Development Potential (ऺ रक नाउ ) (ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf ePsf] वववयण) 1
2
3
2.2 Scope of the proposed linkage in view of promoting socio-economic development (आ्थिक साभाजीक ववकाश गनिक रागी र्तावीत सडक वाट हुन पामदा ज्त स चाय, कृ षी, शशऺा य ्वा्थ).
SN Sectors to get direct benefit Describe how it will benefit k||ToIf kmfO{bf kfpg] If]q s;/L kmfO{bf k'¥ofp5, pNn]v ug'{xf]; < 1
2
3
3. Religious, historical, cultural resources and sites of aesthetic and scenic values (wfld{s,ऐतीहासीक, सा ्कृ ततक स्ऩदाtyf e"–b[Zo Pj+ ;f}Gbo{o'Qm 7fpFx? )
Type of Name/specification Location from Description Resource road (importance/presentstatus) (नाभ) (रकाय) (सडक वाट दयी)ु a0f{g -dxTj tyf xfnsf] l:ylt_
Temples(भ््दय)
Monuments(शशरा
र ख, कक्रा,
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 123 दयवाय, गपा)ु Sites of aesthetic and scenic values (e"–b[Zo Pj+ ;f}Gbo{o'Qm 7fp)F Others (सा ्कृ ततकrf8kj{, d]nfx?)
4. Name of existing community organization-ljBdfg ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?_ 1…………….…………… 2…………….…………… 3………………………….
5. Trading pattern-Jofkf/ Joj;fosf] cj:yf_ (a) Imported items-lelqg] j:t'x?_M (b) Exported Items -aflxl/g] j:t'x?_
6.a. Travel time from starting point-ofqf ;do_ a.1 By walking -l+x8]/_: a.2 By vehicle -uf8Laf6_:
6.b. Existing transportation cost (xfnsf] 9'jfgL b/_ b.1 From porter -el/of af6_: b.2 From horse/mule -vRr8 af6_: b.3 From vehicle -uf8L af6_:
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 124
Appendix V: Project cost
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 125 A. Abstract Cost
Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Central Level Project Implementation Unit, (CLPIU) Ekantakuna,Jawalakhel,Lalitpur ENGINEER'S ESTIMATE
ABSTRACT OF COST
Name of Road :Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuribhanjhyang (Ch.0+000 to Ch.11+500) It e m Quan Rate(N Description of works Unit Amoun Rem tity Rs) N t (NRs) arks o . 1 GENERAL ITEMS Insurance of works, plants, materials, loss
and damage to equipments, Contractor's 1 workmen and employees and third party L.S. 1,200,0 . 1 insurance against damage to other persons 00.00 1 and property as per GCC clause No. 13. Provide site office at suitable location
1 acceptable to the project manager within the mon 270,00 . contract package with accommodation th 18 15,000 0.00 2 facilities as specified in special provision.
Carry out additional tests for material and 1 works as required and instructed by the PS 150,00 . 1 Engineer.(GCC Clause No. 33.1) 0.00 3 Relocation of the utilities (water supply, telephone, etc,) and services as instructed by
1 the Engineer as per DoLIDAR-Technical PS 250,00 . Specifications for Labour Based Construction 1 0.00 4 Work of Agricultural & Rural Roads (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-10. Carry out maintenance of the existing road to keep the road serviceable throughout the contract period. Also provide and maintain
1 traffic safety, control measures and temporary mon 540,00 . diversions during construction including water th 18 30,000 0.00 5 spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-12. Supply and provide rental Four Wheel Drive
Double cap Pickup Vehicle with full option 1 including fuel, driver'wages, major & minor mth 150,00 2,700,0 . 18 maintenances etc for the Engineer for 0 00.00 6 supervision works as specified
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 126 It e m Quan Rate(N Description of works Unit Amoun Rem tity Rs) N t (NRs) arks o . Provide and installation of project information board of size 1.80 mx1.2 m along with iron
1 posts including excavation, concreting, No. 20,000. . backfilling etc all complete as per DoR 2 10,000 00 7 Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-108 Provision and maintenance of labour camps
payable monthly in equal instalments as per 1 mon DoR Standard Specification for Road and 360,00 . th 18 20,000 Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section- 0.00 8 109 (3) 1
. P.S. 300,00 1 Environmental Mitigation Works as Instructed 1 0.00 0 by the Engineer(DOR Section 109) 1
. P.S. 150,00 1 Social Compiliance and safegaurds as 1 0.00 1 instructed by the Engineer(DOR Section 109)
Sub Total 5,940,0 00.00 2 SITE CLEARANCE WORKS Clearing and Grubbing including cutting of all types of plants as per DoLIDAR-Technical 2 Specifcations for Labour Based Construction . 17,25 384,13 of Agricultural and Rural Raods (Tech. Spec. Sqm 22.27 1 0.0 3.35 for LBCWARR) Clause No.: 1-1.5(a), 1-1.5(b) & 1-1.6
Sub Total 832,32 5.17 3 EARTHWORKS Excavation in roadway and side drains in all types of soil materials and rock including 3 removal and satisfactory disposal of all . cum 66,24 75.02 4,969,7 materials at approved environmentally safe 1 2.87 52.66 tipping area as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-1 Excavation in foundation in all structures in all types of soil materials including removal 3 and satisfactory disposal of all materials at 3053. . cum 121.71 371,66 approved environmentally safe tipping area 79 2 6.37 as per DoLIdar-Tech. Spec, for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-5
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 127 It e m Quan Rate(N Description of works Unit Amoun Rem tity Rs) N t (NRs) arks o . Formation of embankments including 3 compaction in layers not exceeding 150 mm 7716. . cum 107.77 831,67 compacted depth, watering and haulage 10 m 97 3 7.90 etc Transportation of material beyond 50m initial
3 lead distance with safe disposal sites as 4217 cum 46.00 1,939,9 . instructed by the engineer. 3.30 71.75 4
Sub Total 8,113,0 68.68 STRUCTURAL/ SIDE DRAIN/ CROSS
4 DRAINAGE WORKS Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works in MM 5 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete stone masonry work including full compensation for all labour, materials and other incidentals 4 required to complete the work as per the Cu. 7066.9 . 8,564 60,527, specifications and drawings. It includes full m. 7 1 .86 608.51 compensation for using specially dressed stones on the face of wall with batter and provisions for weep hole as necessary as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 Supply machine made fabrication of gabion boxes of different sizes with hexagonal mesh size of 100 mm x 120 mm including rolling, cutting and weaving (mesh wire 3.0 mm, 4 selvedge wire 3.9 mm, binding wire 2.4 mm, 1577. 4215.0 664708 . all heavy zinc coated wires),assembling, Cum 00 2 4.912 2 placing in position, packing and filling of gabion create with rubble stone and tying by 2.4 mm binding wires all complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 4 Supply and Place stone Soling as per Cu. 1707.3 . DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause 45.79 78,181. m. 2 3 No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 59 4 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 10/20 as per Cu. 192.2 9668.9 . DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause 1,858,9 m. 6 1 4 No. 11 66.99 4 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 20/20 as per Cu. 895.2 13035. . DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause 11,669, m. 0 62 5 No. 11 487.08 4 Supply and place formwork for concrete Sq. 3580. 1149.3
. works with all complete as per DOLIDAR m 80 1 4,115,4
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 128 It e m Quan Rate(N Description of works Unit Amoun Rem tity Rs) N t (NRs) arks o . 6 Item 39-9-b 39.65
Supply & place TMT high tensile strength steel reinforcement of specified grade ( Fe 4 500) for RCC works including bending, 1386 . Kg 106.98 14,834, centring & binding in position as per 66.48 7 777.12 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 10 Supply, Laying, fitting and fixing of hume pipe class NP3. It includes all operations required 4 to complete the work and the jointing of pipes . with 1:2 cement sand mortar as per 8 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 15-5 and 15-6
5211.7 a 450 mm diameter pipe for irrigation purpose Rm 37.50 195,43 2 9.51
600 mm diameter pipe as per DOLIDAR Item 7545.4 b Rm 30.00 226,36 no 47-15-5,15-6-b 4 3.27
900 mm diameter pipe as per DOLIDAR Item 13676. c Rm 60.00 820,61 no 47-15-5,15-6-b 88 2.94 4 Backfilling with graded filter materials in layer Cu. 270.2 1549.4 . with necessary watering and compaction as 418,81 m 9 9 9 per the instruction of engineer. 6.04 4 Supply & place approved coarse sand filling
. with 150 mm layer compaction as per Cu. 1121.5 49.22 55,204. 1 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause m. 7 66 0 No-2.5.4 4 Backfilling works with approved soil materials . Cu. 148.6 with compaction as per DoLIDAR-Tech. 368.92 54,848. 1 m 7 Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No-2.5 21 1 4 Supply & place100 mm Dia. HDPE Pipe (6
. kg/cm2) for weep hole as per Nepal Standard Cu. 237.8 226.90 53,966. 1 & directed by Engineer m 5 98 2
101,44 Sub Total 7,982.2 9 5 PAVEMENT WORKS Subgrade construction and preparetion of 5 formation in cutting(other than rock 6437 . Sqm 20.76 1,336,3 excavation) including disposal of material 6.97 1 78.24 upto 10m.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 129 It e m Quan Rate(N Description of works Unit Amoun Rem tity Rs) N t (NRs) arks o . Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of natural sand 5 gravel sub base grading as specified and 1377 1302.6 . Cum 17,947, according to the designed camber all 7.44 5 2 159.37 complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1201 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of crusher run 5 materials (crushed stones) for base course 7129. 2622.8 . Cum 18,698, lead up to 10m according to the designed 24 4 3 866.09 camber all complete as per DoR-SSRBW, Section 1202. Providing and spraying bituminous prime coat 5 MC30/MC70 including cleaning the road 4759 . surface using wire brushes, broom etc before Sqm 152.73 7,269,5 8.24 4 applying prime coat as per DoR-SSRBW, 51.10 Section 1301 & 1302. Supplying & Spraying single/double/multiple 5 bitumen of grade 80/100 blended with cutter 1113 . over primed surface at specified temperature Lit 134.14 14,940, 79.88 5 for surface dressing works as per DoR- 627.82 SSRBW, Section 1301 & 1303 5 Supply cutter (kerosine or desiel) for cutback 1237 . purpose for surface dressing works as per Lit 79.96 989,56 5.54 6 DoR-SSRBW, Section 1301 & 1303 8.96 Supply, spread and compact 20mm nominal 5 size aggregate for surface dressing works as 951.9 2813.8 . Ton 2,678,6 specified.as per DoR-SSRBW, Section 1301 6 2 7 60.94 & 1303 5 Supply, spread and compact 10mm nominal 475.9 3571.8 . size aggregate for surface dressing worksas Ton 1,700,1 8 6 8 per DoR-SSRBW, Section 1301 & 1303 40.49 5 Supply and apply anti-striping agent, all 556.9 . kg 550.00 306,29 complete. 0 9 4.67
Sub Total 70,149, 715.69 ROAD FURNITURE / TRAFFIC SIGN 6 BOARD Supplying and placing standard RCC 6 kilometer post (place at each km) all 2789.6 . complete including painting, and writing etc. nos 9.00 25,106. 2 1 all complete as per specification and 61 drawings
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 130 It e m Quan Rate(N Description of works Unit Amoun Rem tity Rs) N t (NRs) arks o . Supplying and placing standard RCC 6 kilometer post (place at 5km interval ) all 6821.5 . complete including painting, and writing etc. nos 3.00 20,464. 4 2 all complete as per specification and 61 drawings Supplying and fixing in place R.C.C.delineater 6 and guard post including 500.0 1519.6 . nos 759,81 excavation,paintng,and erectionetc. all 0 4 3 9.06 complete as final drawing Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works in 1:4 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete stone masonry work including full compensation for all labour, materials and other incidentals 6 required to complete the work as per the 7066.9 . Cum 40.00 282,67 specifications and drawings. It includes full 7 4 8.72 compensation for using specially dressed stones on the face of wall with batter and provisions for weep hole as necessary as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 Supply machine made fabrication of gabion boxes of different sizes with hexagonal mesh size of 100 mm x 120 mm including rolling, cutting and weaving (mesh wire 3.0 mm, 6 selvedge wire 3.9 mm, binding wire 2.4 mm, 4215.0 . all heavy zinc coated wires),assembling, Cum 72.00 303,48 2 5 placing in position, packing and filling of 1.37 gabion create with rubble stone and tying by 2.4 mm binding wires all complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 Supplying and erecting traffic sign in place including 50 mm dia steel tube, 2mm thick 6 steel plate, cement concrete, painting, writing . and supporting steel angle nut and bolt etc 6 complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) 60 cm dia circular, 60 cm equilateral triangle 2874.7 a and 60 x 45 cm rectangular shaped sign nos 60.00 172,48 6 (Single post) 5.38
1.2m x 0.75 m size bigger traffic sign with 7765.6 b nos 8.00 62,125. back support and two or more post 8 41
Sub Total 1,626,1 61.16
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 131 It e m Quan Rate(N Description of works Unit Amoun Rem tity Rs) N t (NRs) arks o . 7 BIOENGINEERING WORKS 7 Slope trimming work DoLIDAR : 4 1200. 77832. . Sqm 64.86 Spec.Clause No.: 2-1.3.2,2-1.8 and 2-1.95 00 00 1 Construction of Rip-rap drain with the stone 7 pitching work of 20 cm thick and 1.2 m wide 16920. . rm 30.00 564.02 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR 67 2 Clause No. 8 7 Dry stone check/toe walls for segmentation 2118.5 83894. . and support of slopes DoLIDAR Tech. Spec. Cum 39.60 5 51 3 clause No. 8 7 Gabion check / toe wall for slope protection 4215.0 316126 . as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Cum 75.00 2 .42 4 Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 Brush layering work: including preparation of terraces of 30 - 40 cm wide and laying live cuttings of selected Species along the 7 terrace @ 5 cm c/c with 2/3 of cuttings in to 400.0 41410. . terrace and leaving one bud and up to 1/3 of rm 103.53 0 12 5 the cuttings sticking beyond the terrace edge ( Cutting can be of assuro,simali etc of 45 - 60 m length) DoLIDAR Spec.Clause no.70- 6.7 b Planting rooted grass slips on slopes < 45˚ including preparation of slips on site. Operation includes digging planting holes to a 7 maximum of 5 cm depth with metal or 600.0 122961 . Sqm 204.94 hardwood peg, depending on nature of soil. 0 .45 6 The planting drills should be spaced 10 cm apart as per Bio engineering information of DOR Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting, transplanting, composting and placing tree guards, on toe of 7 embankment slopes in plain areas, not less 125.0 7439.0 . nos 59.51 than 8 m from the road centre line. Pit size 30 0 6 7 cm diameter×30 cm depth. Compost volume ⅟₄ of the volume of pit, mixed with original soil as per Bio engineering information of DOR
Sub-Total 666,58 4.23 8 DAY WORKS 8 Supply of labour as required as per preamble . and as instructed by the Engineer. 1 8 Unskilled labour m/d 200.0 470.00 94000.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 132 It e m Quan Rate(N Description of works Unit Amoun Rem tity Rs) N t (NRs) arks o . . 0 00 1 . 1 8 . 53200. 1 Skilled Labour m/d 80.00 665.00 00 . 2 8 Supply of excavator for maintenance of road 100.0 1800.0 180000 . hrs as required and instructed by engineer 0 0 .00 2 8 75000. . Provide Built up Drawing as completed L.S. 1.00 00 3
Sub Total 402,20 0.00
SUM OF Base Cost(A) 189,17 ALL 8,037.2 SUB TOT ALS 13% VAT @ 13%( B) 24,593, OF 144.84 A
Total including VAT(C) 213,77 (A+B 1,182.1 ) 10% Physical Contingency @ 10%(D) 21,377, OF 118.2 C
Grand Total(E) 235,14 (C+ 8,300.3 D) Cost Per Kilometer of construction works exculding VAT & Contingency but 16,450, (A)/1 including bioengineering works 264.11 1.5
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 133
B) Summary of Cost
SUMMARY OF COST Name of Road :Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuribhanjhyang (Ch.0+000 to Ch.11+500) S.N. Description of works Amount (NRs) Remarks
1 GENERAL ITEMS 6,300,000.00 3.38%
2 SITE CLEARANCE WORKS 666,351.07 0.36%
3 EARTHWORKS 8,470,137.09 4.54%
STRUCTURAL/ SIDE DRAIN/ CROSS 4 98,902,601.10 53.03% DRAINAGE WORKS
5 PAVEMENT WORKS 69,307,223.89 37.16%
6 ROAD FURNITURE / TRAFFIC SIGN BOARD 1,715,736.30 0.92%
7 BIOENGINEERING WORKS 716,308.31 0.38%
8 DAY WORKS 419,200.00 0.22% SUM OF Base Cost(A) 186,497,557.75 ALL ABOVE COST VAT @ 13%( B) 24,244,682.51 13% of A Total including VAT(C) 210,742,240.26 (A+B) Physical Contingency @ 10%(D) 18,649,755.78 10% Of A Work charge Staff and Miscellaneous Expenses@3%(E) 5,594,926.73 3% Of A Grand Total(E) 234,986,922.77 (C+D+E) Cost Per Kilometer of construction works exculding VAT & Contingency but including bioengineering 16,217,178.94 A/11.5 works
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 134
C) Total Project Cost
SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 1.1 Environmental Management Cost 1.1.1 Environmental awareness raising training 100,000.00 1.1.2 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on forest and 2,479,242.86 private land 1.1.3 Road side plantation 200,000.00 1.1.4 Signboard 150,000.00 1.1.5 Waste management 200,000.00 1.1.6 Environmental monitoring cost 200,000.00 Sub-total(i) 3,329,242.86 1.2 Other environmental cost(included in civil works cost also) 1.2.1 Structural/Side Drain/Cross Drainage works 98,902,601.10 1.2.2 Occupational health and safety (GPA insurance) 1,200,000 1.2.3 Bioengineering works 716,308.31 Sub-total(ii) 100,818,909.41 Sub-total (A) 104,148,152.27 2 Civil Work Cost 2.1 Total Civil Cost (Including VAT and Contingencies) 234,986,922.77 2.2 Other environmental cost included in civil works cost 100,818,909.41 2.3 Civil work cost excluding other environmental cost (B) 134,168,013.36 3 Resettlement Plan Cost 3.1 Compensation cost (land, trees, relocation cost for private and 26,626,926.37 community structures within RoW) 3.2 Deed transfer assistance and fees 48,000.00 3.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement training 450,000.00 3.4 Contingency (20%) 5,334,985.27 Sub-total (C) 32,459,911.64 4 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost 4.1 Capacity Development Training 50,000.00 4.2 Awareness Campaign on WASH and Psycho-social Counseling 50,000.00 Program Sub-total (D) 100,000.00 Total Project Cost (A+B+C+D) 270,876,077.27
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 135
D) Resettlement Cost
S.N. Budget Amount(NRs.) 1. DIRECT COST 1.1 Land Compensation 25,459,200.00 1.2 Private Trees 7,536.60 1.3 CFUGs Trees 31,059.77 1.4 Private Structures 905,300.00 1.5 Transportation cost 60,000.00 1.6 Public Structure 163,830.00 Sub Total 26,626,926.37 2 Deed Transfer Fees 48,000.00 3 Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement 450,000.00 Program 4 Contingency (20%) 5,334,985.27 GRAND TOTAL(1+2+3+4) 32,459,911.64
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 136
E) Gabion Wall
QUANTITY CALCULATIONS FOR GABION RETAINING WALL Name of Road :Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar-Thakuri Bhanjhyang (Ch.0+000 to Ch.11+500) Chainag Lengt Structure quantity Total Geotextile(m2 Remarks e h (m) Gabion Retaining / Breast Gabion Retaining / Breast Volum ) wall Wall e (m3) Left side Right side Heigh Area(m2 Volum Heigh Area(m2 Volum t ) e (m3) t ) e (m3) 4+860 10 4 7 70 70.00 40.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 6+220 10 3 4.5 45 45.00 30.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 6+460 10 3 4.5 45 45.00 30.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 7+760 15 3 4.5 67.5 67.50 45.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 7+780 20 3 4.5 90 90.00 60.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 7+800 15 2 2.5 37.5 37.50 30.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 7+920 15 3 4.5 67.5 67.50 45.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 7+940 20 3 4.5 90 90.00 60.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 7+960 20 3 4.5 90 90.00 60.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 7+980 15 4 7 105 105.00 60.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 8+740 10 3 4.5 45 45.00 30.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 9+260 10 3 4.5 45 45.00 30.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c)
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 137
9+780 15 4 7 105 105.00 60.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 9+800 20 3 4.5 90 90.00 60.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 9+820 15 2 2.5 37.5 37.50 30.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 10+520 15 3 4.5 67.5 67.50 45.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 10+540 15 2 2.5 37.5 37.50 30.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 11+360 10 5 10 100 100.00 50.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 11+420 15 4 7 105 105.00 60.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) 11+440 15 4 7 105 105.00 60.00 Gabion retaining wall (Gwret c) TOTAL 1445.0 915.00 0
F) Stone Masonry Wall
Structure quantity 250mm Volume Retaining wall Retaining Wall Total HDPE TH. Length of PCC Chainage Volume weep Granular Remarks (m) for the Left side Right side (m3) holes(m) filter base Volume Volume material Height Area(m2) Height Area(m2) (m3) (m3) 4+200 15 1.5 1.209 18.135 18.135 0 0.9 6.71 4+220 15 1.5 1.209 18.135 18.135 0 0.9 6.71 4+320 15 2 1.931 28.965 28.965 7.5 7.02 8.95 4+340 20 2 1.931 38.62 38.62 10 9.36 11.93
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Structure quantity 250mm Volume Retaining wall Retaining Wall Total HDPE TH. Length of PCC Chainage Volume weep Granular Remarks (m) for the Left side Right side (m3) holes(m) filter base Volume Volume material Height Area(m2) Height Area(m2) (m3) (m3) 4+360 15 2 1.931 28.965 28.965 7.5 7.02 8.95 4+500 15 1.5 1.209 18.135 18.135 0 0.9 6.71 4+520 15 2 1.931 28.965 28.965 7.5 7.02 8.95 5+020 15 1.5 1.209 18.135 18.135 0 0.9 6.71 5+040 15 1.5 1.209 18.135 18.135 0 0.9 6.71 5+240 10 1.5 1.209 12.09 12.09 0 0.6 4.47 6+300 10 2 1.931 19.31 19.31 5 4.68 5.96 6+340 10 1.5 1.209 12.09 12.09 0 0.6 4.47 7+040 10 3 3.949 39.49 39.49 15 6.6 8.95 7+160 15 2 1.931 28.965 28.965 7.5 7.02 8.95 7+180 20 1.5 1.209 24.18 24.18 0 1.2 8.95 7+200 20 1.5 1.209 24.18 24.18 0 1.2 8.95 7+220 15 2 1.931 28.965 28.965 7.5 7.02 8.95 7+400 10 2 1.931 19.31 19.31 5 4.68 5.96 7+720 15 2 1.931 28.965 28.965 7.5 7.02 8.95 7+740 15 1.5 1.209 18.135 18.135 0 0.9 6.71 8+460 10 1.8 1.623 16.23 16.23 0 0.6 5.37 8+760 10 1.8 1.623 16.23 16.23 0 0.6 0.00 9+020 10 2 1.931 19.31 19.31 5 4.68 5.96 9+120 10 1.6 1.341 13.41 13.41 0 0.6 4.77 9+240 10 2 1.931 19.31 19.31 5 4.68 5.96 9+280 10 1.5 1.209 12.09 12.09 0 0.6 4.47 9+420 10 1 0.647 6.47 6.47 0 0.6 2.98 9+740 15 2 1.931 28.965 2 1.931 28.965 57.93 15 13.14 8.95 9+760 20 2 1.931 38.62 2 1.931 38.62 77.24 20 17.52 11.93 9+780 20 2.2 2.264 45.28 45.28 0 1.2 0.00 9+800 15 2 1.931 28.965 28.965 7.5 7.02 8.95
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Structure quantity 250mm Volume Retaining wall Retaining Wall Total HDPE TH. Length of PCC Chainage Volume weep Granular Remarks (m) for the Left side Right side (m3) holes(m) filter base Volume Volume material Height Area(m2) Height Area(m2) (m3) (m3) 9+840 10 1.5 1.209 12.09 12.09 0 0.6 0.00 10+100 10 2 1.931 19.31 19.31 5 4.68 0.00 10+400 15 2 1.931 28.965 28.965 7.5 7.02 8.95 10+420 20 2 1.931 38.62 38.62 10 9.36 11.93 10+440 15 1 0.647 9.705 9.705 0 0.9 4.47 10+500 10 1.5 1.209 12.09 12.09 0 0.6 4.47 10+680 10 2 1.931 19.31 19.31 5 4.68 5.96 10+760 15 1.5 1.209 18.135 18.135 0 0.9 6.71 10+780 15 2 1.931 28.965 28.965 7.5 7.02 8.95 10+840 10 2 1.931 19.31 19.31 5 4.68 5.96 Total 560 160.495 830.34 990.835 172.50 168.12 270.29
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G) List of Cross Drainage
Length Diameter / Span REMARKS(Type of outlet S.N Chainage Type of Structure and inlet protection work) (m) (m) 1 3+460 7.5 0.6 proposed pipe culvert I 2 4+145 7.5 0.9 proposed pipe culvert I 3 4+363 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 4 4+385 7.5 0.9 proposed pipe culvert I 5 4+485 5 4.5 existing Box culvert 6 4+782 5 4 existing Slab Culvert 7 5+105 7.5 0.9 proposed pipe culvert I 8 5+420 7.5 0.6 proposed pipe culvert I 9 5+900 7.5 0.9 proposed pipe culvert I 10 6+457 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 11 7+039 7.5 0.9 proposed pipe culvert I 12 7+269 5 4 existing Slab Culvert 13 7+405 5 4 existing Slab Culvert 14 7+612 5 4 existing Slab Culvert 15 7+914 5 4 existing Slab Culvert 16 8+275 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 17 8+386 5 4 existing Slab Culvert 18 8+667 7.5 0.9 proposed pipe culvert I 19 8+748 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 20 9+249 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 21 9+527 7.5 0.9 proposed pipe culvert I 22 9+738 7.5 0.9 proposed pipe culvert I 23 9+780 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 24 9+958 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 25 10+516 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 26 10+538 7.5 0.6 proposed pipe culvert I 27 10+645 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert
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Length Diameter / Span REMARKS(Type of outlet S.N Chainage Type of Structure and inlet protection work) (m) (m) 28 10+742 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 29 10+888 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 30 11+255 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 31 11+393 5 0.9 Existing pipe culvert 32 11+466 7.5 0.6 proposed pipe culvert I
Total no of 450mm dia Hume pipe(Existing) 0 Total no of 450mm dia Hume pipe(proposed) 5 Note:For the purpose of irrigation works 5 no.s of Total no of 600mm dia Hume pipe(Existing) 0 450mm pipe culvert are Total no of 600mm dia Hume pipe(proposed) 4 proposed at different Total no of 900mm dia Hume pipe (Existing) 13 chainages Total no of 900mm dia Hume pipe(proposed) 8 Total no of Box culvert(Existing) 1
Total no 4m spanned of slab culvert(Existing) 6
outlet protection type I 12 outlet protection type II 0
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Appendix VI: Public Notice
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Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Office of District Development Committee Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) District project Implementation Unit Chitwan
Public Notice for Comments and Suggestion on the Initial Environmental Examination (Date of first publication: 2072/12/19)
The Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) is a project being implemented by convinent loan and grant assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB) and technical and grant assistance from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), counterpart funding from Government of Nepal (GoN), for Reconstruction and Rehabilitation. This notice is published for the implementation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report as per the provision of the Rule 7 (2) of the Environment Protection Rules 1997 (amended 1999 AD) for the following roads.
S.N Proposed Road Affected VDC and Description of Proposal Municipality 1. Bakulahar(Ratnanagar)- Ratnanagar The proposed road sub-project starts Jutpani- Shaktikhor- Municipality, Kalika from Bakulahar of ratnanagar Siddi Municipality(Jutpani municipality and ends at siddi of and shaktikhot VDC's) siddi municipality.The propose road and Siddi VDC is 22 km ling and wodth is 6.5 m.
2. Khurkhure (Highway)- Rapti Municipality The proposed road sub-project starts Samitar- Thakuri (Birendranagar VDC) from Khurkhure of Rapti municipality Bhanjyang and Korak VDC ans ends at Thakuri Bhanjyang of korak VDC. The total length of road is 18 km and width is 6.25 m with drainage.
It is requested to provide comments and suggestions about the impacts on the environment through the implementation of sub-project, from the relevant VDCs, school, health post, forest user group, concerned stakeholders, organization and local people within 15 days from the first date of its publication in the following address. The comments and suggestions can be sent to Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, Pulchok and Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development, Singhadurbar.
Address to send comments and suggestions:
District Development District Technical Office, Earthquake Emergency Committee, Chitwan District project Assistance Project (EEAP) Telephone no: 056-520147 Implementation Unit, Central project Implementation Fax No: 056-522557 Chitwan Unit, Lalitpur Telephone no: 056/527820 Telephone no: 01-5532331 Email: [email protected]
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Appendix VII: Deed of Enquiry (Muchulka)
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Appendix VIII: Recommendation Letters
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Appendix IX: Meeting Minutes with Local People
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Appendix X: Socio-economic Data of Sub-project Area
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Appendix Xa: Distribution of Households by Major Occupation
Settlement Agriculture & Labour & Business / GO / NGO Others Livestock Porter Commerce Employees Thakuribhanjyang 24 10 2 2 1 Chaughara 18 11 7 3 0 Gothdanda 13 13 2 4 3 Kirantar 15 90 5 1 30 Thamtar 50 20 5 0 12 Kawar 10 7 2 0 4 Samitar 24 12 4 3 2 Threegroup 100 45 10 2 15 Badahara 60 45 12 2 6 Khurkhure 60 0 40 2 3 Total 374 253 89 19 76 Percentage 74.80 50.60 17.80 3.80 15.20
Appendix Xb: Migration Pattern in Project Area
Settlement Households No. Destination
Thakuri Bhanjyang 2 Saudi Chaughara 4 Malaysia Gothdanda 1 Saudi Kirantar 32 Lamjung, Kathmandu Thamtar 18 Lamjung, pokhara, Kathmandu Kawar 4 Golf country, Kathmandu Samitar 6 Golf country, Chitwan Bazar Threegroup 12 Golf country, Kathmandu, Chitwan Bazar Badahara 10 Chitwan Bazar, Kathmandu, Pokhara Khurkhure 15 Pokhara, Kathmandu Total 104 20.8
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Appendix Xc: Summary of Public Services and Infrastructure according to Settlement I. Education Settlement Educational institute High School Primary School Total No. Student Total No. Student Thakuri Bhanjyang 1 20 0 0 Chaughara 0 0 1 100 Gothdanda 0 0 0 0 Kirantar 0 0 1 50 Thamtar 0 0 1 100 Kawar 0 0 1 120 Samitar 1 60 0 0 Threegroup 0 0 1 120 Badahara 0 0 0 0 Khurkhure 1 200 1 200 Grand total 3 280 6 690
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II. Other Structures Settlement Toilet Business and commerce Water Other supply Infrastructure
T P
operative operative Health Post Post Health / CDMA Mobile Solar System & Hotels Lodges Restaurant\ tea shop Grocery Shops Nepali Hand Paper Made ( Other Medical, Stationary, Fancy< Flow Gravity Irrigation Surface (ha) Mill Water Suspension Bridge Co Com. Center Ground Play Com. Organization (no) Thakuribhanjyang 5 20 0 12 22 1 0 2 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Chaughara 3 15 1 10 18 0 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 Gothdanda 0 13 0 7 13 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Kirantar 50 50 1 0 100 2 2 5 0 2 28 6 0 1 1 1 0 2 Thamtar 18 32 0 0 5 0 2 2 0 1 15 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Kawar 10 0 1 6 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 Samitar 22 2 0 22 0 0 0 4 0 3 4 25 0 3 0 1 1 2 Threegroup 30 70 0 100 30 5 10 10 0 0 100 4 0 0 0 1 1 0 Badahara 5 55 0 60 35 0 0 8 0 0 60 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Khurkhure 0 100 0 80 80 0 15 25 0 7 100 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 Grand total 143 357 3 297 305 8 29 63 0 14 321 37 1 6 8 7 7 12
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Appendix Xd: Land Holding Pattern (No. of Households) Settlement Landless <10 ropani 10 to 20 >20 ropani ropani Thakuribhanjyang 5 12 6 2 Chaughara 3 0 11 4 Gothdanda 1 6 5 1 Kirantar 100 0 0 0 Thamtar 50 0 0 0 Kawar 0 0 6 4 Samitar 0 0 18 6 Threegroup 20 40 20 20 Badahara 2 13 25 20 Khurkhure 1 39 40 20 Total 182 110 131 77 Percentage HH 36.40 22.00 26.20 15.40
Appendix Xe: Food Grain Availability (Households) Settlement Surplus for Sufficient for Sufficient for Sufficient for less Name more than 1 9 months to 1 3-9 months than 3 months year year Thakuri 2 6 12 5 Bhanjyang Chaughara 4 11 0 3 Gothdanda 1 5 6 1 Kirantar 0 0 0 100 Thamtar 0 0 0 50 Kawar 4 6 0 0 Samitar 6 18 0 0 Threegroup 20 20 40 20 Badahara 20 25 13 2 Khurkhure 20 40 39 1 Total 77 131 110 182 Percentage HH 15.40 26.20 22.00 36.40
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Appendix Xf: Potential Area for Development Settlement Potentiality for Development Thakuri Bhanjyang Patato, fruits Chaughara Patato, fruits , tourism Gothdanda Patato, fruits , internal tourism Kirantar Patato, fruits Thamtar Patato, fruits , tourism Kawar Patato, fruits ,poultry Samitar Patato, fruits Threegroup Patato, fruits Badahara Patato, fruits ,poultry Khurkhure Patato, fruits
Appendix Xg: Scope of Proposed Linkage Settlement Directly Description of potential development benefited Sector Thakuri Bhanjyang Cheap and quick transportation facility, Chaughara employment in construction activities, Gothdanda Agriculture, Easy access to varieties of seeds, tools Education, Kirantar and market linkage to agricultural and non- Employment agricultural production, Thamtar generation, Build new infrastructure, Kawar Transportation, Market extension, Samitar Health & Tourism Quick transport of books and stationary, Three group Timely treatment and availability of Badahara medical facilities, Khurkhure Increase in land value, Tourism promotion.
Appendix XI: Name of Organization Contacted
SN Name of Organization Address 1 Distict Developement Committee, Chitwan Chitwan 2 District Technical Office, Chitwan Chitwan 3 Distict Forest Office, Chitwan Chitwan 4 District Land Revenue Office, Chitwan Chitwan 5 District Agriculture Development Office, Chitwan Chitwan 6 Office of Muncipality Chitwan 7 Kalika CFUG Chitwan 8 Satya Devi CFUG Chitwan 9 Rapti Municipality Chitwan 10 Rapti Municipality(then Korak VDC) Chitwan
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Appendix XII: List of Persons Contacted
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Appendix XIII: Trees to be Cut Down
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a. Trees from Community Forest Compensato Name of Chainage No. of Rate/ SN Species Scientific name of trees ry Plantation Total Cost (NRs) the Forest Trees plant (NRs) From To (1:25) Sal Shorea robusta 317 7925 212.28 1,682,319.00 Padke Albizia julibrissin 2 50 212.28 10,614.00 Sisau Dalbergia sissoo 2 50 212.28 10,614.00 Khayer Acacia catechu 1 25 212.28 5,307.00 Kalika 1 3+750 5+400 Sajh Terminalia elliptica 6 175 212.28 37,149.00 CFUG Bakaino Melia azedarach 4 100 212.28 21,228.00 Chilaune Schima wallichii 4 100 212.28 21,228.00 Naspati Pyrus pyrifolia 4 100 212.28 21,228.00 Kutmero Litsea polysantha 4 100 212.28 21,228.00 Bayer Zizyphus jujuba 2 50 212.28 10,614.00 Sub-total 347 8675 1,841,529.00
Sal Shorea robusa 75 1875 212.28 398,025.00 Khanayo Ficus cunia 15 375 212.28 79,605.00 Satya Devi 2 7+800 10+150 Sajh Terminalia elliptica 9 225 212.28 47,763.00 CFUG Aap Mangifera indica 9 225 212.28 47,763.00 Nimaro Ficus rosenbergii 11 275 212.28 58,377.00 Sub-total 119 2975 631,533.00
Total 466 11,650 2,473,062.00
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b. Trees from Private Land Compens S Chainag Scientific name No. of atory Rate Total Cost Species N e of trees Trees Plantatio (NRs) (NRs) n (1:1) Bakaino Melia azedarach 9 9 58.31 524.79
Magnifera indica 0+320- Aap 3 3 58.31 144.93 1 L. 2+540 Khayer Acacia catechu 1 1 58.31 58.31 Gulmohar Delonix regia 1 1 58.31 58.31
Bayer Zizyphus jujuba 1 1 58.31 58.31
Amba Psidium Guajava 2 2 58.31 116.62
2+750- 2 Bakaino Melia azedarach 30 30 58.31 1,749.30 3+700
Kavro Ficus lacar 15 15 58.31 874.65
Bakaino Melia azedarach 18 18 58.31 1,049.58 10+590- 3 Spondias 11+200 Amaro 9 9 58.31 524.79 pinnata
Bodhi Ficus religiosa 17 17 58.31 991.27
Total 106 106 6,180.86
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c. Calculation of Plantation Cost in Private land Item no. Description Unit Total Rate Amount (NRs.) Remarks quantity (NRs.)
Seedling cost No 1760 30 52,800.00 20 Plantation per ha 20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 470 1,410.00 20.5(a)i Pitting 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 470 15,040.00 50% slope 20.6(a) Seedling transportation Persondays 6 470 2,820.00 1 km distance 20.6(b) Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 470 1,410.00 20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 470 9,400.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 470 8,460.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 470 4,230.00 33.1(a) Prunning Persondays 15 470 7,050.00 Up to 50% slope Total 102,620.00 Per plant cost 58.31
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d. Calculation of Plantation Cost in CF Item No. Description Unit Total Rate Amount (NRs.) Remarks quantity (NRs.) Seedling cost No 1760 20 35,200.00 20 Plantation per ha 20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 470 1,410.00 20.2(b) Site clearance Persondays 10 470 4,700.00 25% shrubs and grasses 20.3 Fixing of pit distance (1600 pits) Persondays 3 470 1,410.00 20.5(a)i Pitting of 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 470 15,040.00 50% slope 20.6(a)iii Seedling transportation Persondays 6 470 2,820.00 1 km distance 20.6(b)iii Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 470 1,410.00 20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 470 9,400.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 470 8,460.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 470 4,230.00 33.1(a) Prunning Persondays 15 470 7,050.00 Up to 50% slope Sub-total 91,130.00 35 Fencing per 400 running meter
35.2(a)i Preparation of 100 poles of 30- Persondays 10 470 4,700.00 40cm girth and 1.8m height 35.4 Five line barbed wire fencing (100 running meter) 35.4(a) Barbed wire (14 gauge) Kg 286 125 143,000.00 Wooden pole (10cmx10cmx1.8m) No 176 No cost
Unail Kg 8.4 125 4,200.00 35.3(b) Pitting for poles Persondays 20 470 37,600.00 35.4(c) Stretching and tightening of Persondays 40 470 75,200.00 barbed wire
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Item No. Description Unit Total Rate Amount (NRs.) Remarks quantity (NRs.) Sub-total 264,700.00 Total 355,830.00 Contingency (5%) 17,791.50 Grand Total 373,621.50 Per plant cost 212.28 1600+10% plants with 2.5m x 2.5m spacing
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e. Compensatory Plantation Agreement
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f(Compensatory Plantation) k[i7e"dL e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f ;xof]u, :jL; ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf g]kfn ;/sf/, ;xefuL lhNnfx? / nfeu|fxL ;d]tsf] nufgLdf z'? ePsf] xf] o; cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDk kl5 e"sDk If]qdf k"g;+/rgf / k"glg{df0f sfo{df ;xof]u ug{' xf] . o; cfof]hgfn] ljBfno, ;8s, ;/sf/L ejg k"glg{df0f ul/ ;Defljt k|sf]kaf6 ;dfg's"ng ug{' /x]sf] 5 . of] sfo{s|d k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yfkgf sfo{k2tLdf cfwfl/t /xg] 5 . o;n] ;8s If]qsf e"sDk k|efljt hgtfnfO{ ;xhtf k|bfg ug]{5 . lrtjg lhNnfdf cjl:yt k|:tfljt ;8s pk–cfof]hgf e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) cGtu{t ;+rfng ug{ nfluPsf] pkcfof]hgf xf] . v'/v'/] -/fhdfu{_– ;ld6f/– 7s'/L e~Hofª ;8s pk–cfof]hgf lrtjg lhNnfsf] /fKtL gu/kflnsfsf] v'/v'/] b]lv /fKtL gu/kflnsfsf] -tTsflng sf]/s uf=lj=;=_ sf] 7s'/L e~Hofª hf]8\g] !!=%)) ls=dL= nfdf] x/]s df};ddf rNg] ;8s k'glg{df0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf ug{ tof/ kfl/Psf] xf]
;fGb{lestf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L ?vx? x6fpg] ;DaGwL dfkb08 @)&! cg';f/ v'/v'/]-/fhdfu{_ – ;ld6f/– 7s'/L e~Hofª ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwdf hlt ?v sfl6G5g To;sf] !M@% cg'kftdf Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof / Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut pk/f]Qm cg';f/ v'/v'/]-/fhdfu{_ – ;ld6f/– 7s'/L e~Hofª ;8s pk–cfof]hgf ;fd'bflos jg eP/ hfg] / sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut ;d]t 6]a'n ! df lbO{Psf] 5 .
6]a'n ! ;fd'bflos jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut l;g+ jgsf] gfd sfl6Psf Ifltk"lt{ la?jf, a[Iff/f]k0f uf]8d]n, hDdf nfut ?v ;+Vof a[Iff/f]k0f / 3]/jf/ nfut k'g/f]k0f nfut -g]=?=_ ?v ;+Vof klxnf] ls:tf bf]>f] ls:tf -!M@%_ -g]=?=_ -g]=?=_ ! sflnsf ;f= j= #$& *^&% !,&#(,##&=%) !)@,!(!=%) !,*$!,%@(=)) @ ;Tob]lj ;f= j= !!( @(&% %(^,$*&=%) #%,)$%=%) ^#!,%##=)) hDdf $^^ !!,^%) @,##%,*@% !#&,@#& @,$&#,)^@
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 177
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug {ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, lrtjg != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@ a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, lrtjg != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn lrtjg lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] . sflnsf ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,
!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .
@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 178
%= lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, lrtjg
!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] #$& ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - *^&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !,*$!,%@(=))lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !,&#(,##&=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !)@,!(!=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 179
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, lrtjg != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, lrtjg != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt - xfn lrtjg lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt _÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .
;Tob]lj ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x,
!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .
@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . #= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] .
$= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 180
%= lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k/fdz{bftf÷ lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{no, lrtjg
!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !!( ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - @(&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= ^#!,%##=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? %(^,$*&=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?=#%,)$%=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 181
f. Plantation Plan in District
Compensatory Plantation Requirements for Plantation Activities 1) Coordination with DFO - Meeting will be held with DFO and CFUGs to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with DFO/CFUGs/DCC - Agreement will be done with DFO and DCC/DTO for the compensatory plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO/CFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned DFO/CFUG. 6) Pitting - Pits of 45cmx30cm x 30cm size will be dug. 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done by the DFO/CFUGs in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - Before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.
Plan of Action for Plantation in CF
Activities May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 Agreement with DFO/CFUG/DCC Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count
B. Roadside Plantation 1) Coordination with local communities, Municipality and DFO - Meeting will be held with concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with concerned stakeholders - Agreement will be done with concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO for the road side plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 182
4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by concerned local communities, Municipality, and DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO. 6) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on species 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.
Plan of Action for Roadside Plantation
Activities May 18 June 18 July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Agreement with local communities, Municipality and DFO Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count
C. Plantation in Private Land Coordination with affected landowner - Meeting will be held with concerned affected landowner to discuss about the plantation trees in their land. 1) Managing planting stock . From DFO/CFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 2) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified in coordination with affected landowner. 3) Protection- Protection of planted trees will be done by the landowner. 4) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on the species. 5) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 6) Planting - It will be done by the affected landowner and cost will be provided in the starting of monsoon 7) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce weed competition.
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 183
Appendix XIV: Detail Information of Affected Structure
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 184
a. Private Structure SN Picture Detail
1 Chainage 0+500
Name of Owner Pawan Pandey
Address Khurkhure
Structure Type Passage of house Built Year 2066 Present Status Running Family Member (no.) 8 Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non-agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area 0.50*30=15 m2 (sqm) Total cost (NRs.) 150,000.00
2 Chainage 0+590
Name of Owner Brinda pariyar
Address Khurkhure
Structure Type House Wall
Built Year 2064
Present Status Running
Family Member (no.) 6 Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non-agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area 7*0.2286=1.60m2 (sqm) Total cost (NRs.) 50,000.00
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 185
3 Chainage 0+900
Name of Owner Pawan Pariyar
Address Khurkhure
Structure Type House`s wall
Built Year 2063
Present Status Running
Family Member (no.) 4
Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non-agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area 1.372 m2 (sqm) Total cost (NRs.) 20,000.00
4 Chainage 1+400
Name of Owner Krishna Raj Kharel
Address Khurkhure
Structure Type House wall
Built Year 2052
Present Status Running
Family Member (no.) 4 Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non-agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area 30*4=1.2 m2 (sqm) Total cost (NRs.) 15,300.00
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 186
5 Chainage 0+745
Name of Owner Ujit Bahadur Sunuwar
Address Khurkhure Structure Type House roof
Built Year 2067
Present Status Running
Family Member (no.) 5
Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non-agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area 1.5*10 15 m2 (sqm) Total cost (NRs.) 100,000.00
6 Chainage 5+680 Name of Owner Bhuwan singh Tamang
Address Darlami
Structure Type House
Built Year 2056
Present Status Running
Family Member (no.) 6
Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non- agricultural Income (NRs.)
Total Affected Area 2*4=8 m2 (sqm) Total cost (NRs.) 100,000.00
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 187
7 Chainage 5+950
Name of Owner Baidar sunuwar
Address Badahara
Structure Type Cattle House
Built Year 2048 Present Status Running
Family Member (no.)
Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non- agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area 0.2*5 =1.0 m2 (sqm) Total cost (NRs.) 50,000.00 8 Chainage 5+950 Name of Owner Dipak Sunuwar
Address Badahara
Structure Type House
Built Year 2058
Present Status Running
Family Member (no.) 5 Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non- agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area 0.5*4=2 m2
Total cost (NRs.) 200,000.00
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 188
9 Chainage 6+200
Name of Owner Samsher B.K
Address Kirantar
Structure Type Cattle House
Built Year 2048
Present Status Running
Family Member (no.) 9 Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non- agricultural Income
(NRs.) Total Affected Area 1.5*5=7.5 m2
Total cost (NRs.) 20,000.00
10 Chainage 8+930
Name of Owner Sitaram Tamang
Address Kirantar Structure Type Toilet Built Year 2066
Present Status Running
Family Member (no.) Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.)
Total Non- agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area 0.90*1.2 =1.08 m2
Total cost (NRs.) 50,000.00
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 189
11 Chainage 10+500 Name of Owner Tej Bahadur Tamang
Address Kirantar
Structure Type Kitchen
Built Year 2062
Present Status Running
Family Member (no.) 11
Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non- agricultural Income (NRs.)
Total Affected Area 6*0.9=5.4 m2
Total cost (NRs.) 50,000.00
12 Chainage 11+010 Name of Owner Bhim lama
Address Kirantar
Structure Type Shop
Built Year 2068
Present Status Running Family Member (no.) 5 Food Sufficiency (Month) Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non- agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area 0.5*5=2.25 m2
Total cost (NRs.) 100,000.00
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 190
b. Public Structure
SN Picture Detail 1 Chainage 0+250
Structure Type Electric cemented pole
Address Khurkhure
Built Year 2054
Present Status On use
Total cost (NRs.) 7,945.00
2 Chainage 0+400 Structure Type Electric cemented pole Address Khurkhure Built Year 2054 Present Status On use Total cost (NRs.) 7,945.00
3 Chainage 0+455
Structure Type Electric Hi-tension line
Address Electric tower chowk
Built Year 2052
Present Status Running
Total cost (NRs.) 52,750.00
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 191
4 Chainage 0+795
Structure Type Electric cemented pole
Address Pathak chowk
Built Year 2054
Present Status On use
Total cost (NRs.) 7,945.00
5 Chainage 0+850 Structure Type Electric cemented pole Address Badara Built Year 2054 Present Status On use Total cost (NRs.) 7,945.00
6 Chainage 0+900
Structure Type Electric steel pole with transformer Address Badara
Built Year 2054
Present Status On use
Total cost (NRs.) 17,945.00
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 192
7 Chainage 1+295
Structure Type Electric cemented pole
Address Badara
Built Year 2054
Present Status On use
Total cost (NRs.) 7,945.00
8 Chainage 1+400
Structure Type Electric cemented pole
Address Badara
Built Year 2054
Present Status On use
Total cost (NRs.) 7,945.00
9 Chainage 2+650
Structure Type Wall of school
Address Khurkhure
Built Year 2054
Present Status Running
Total cost (NRs.) 45,465.00
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 193
Appendix XV: Photographs
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 194
Existing road Public consultation with local people
Public Consultation with people Existing condition of proposed road
IEE of Khurkhure (Highway)-Samitar- Thakuri Bhanjyang Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Chitwan Page 195