The Evolution of Transportable Ferris Wheels in the Last 25 Years

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The Evolution of Transportable Ferris Wheels in the Last 25 Years Ferris wheels are enjoying great interest in recent years, but what has been the evolution and innovation of transportable Ferris wheels in the last quarter of a century? THE EVOLUTION OF TRANSPORTABLE FERRIS WHEELS IN THE LAST 25 YEARS by Enrico Fabbri major rides - grandi attrazioni 75 Introduction Le ruote panoramiche stanno riscuotendo un he Ferris wheel is one of the first man-made attractions and is still grande interesse in questi ultimi anni, ma quale è stata l’evoluzione e l’innovazione delle ruote one of the foundations of our industry. The first attractions of this itineranti nell’ultimo quarto di secolo? T type were depicted in Arab and Indian drawings dating back more than a thousand years. These early models were obviously small in size and were pushed by hand. Some recent videos available on YouTube show L’EVOLUZIONE DELLE recent constructions, yet they are almost identical to those early wheels. RUOTE PANORAMICHE It is however George Ferris from Pittsburgh who has been attributed with ITINERANTI NEGLI the modern success of this attraction. Back in 1893, for the Universal Exposition in Chicago, he in fact constructed the first large Ferris wheel, ULTIMI 25 ANNI a giant measuring over 76m in diametre, with 36 cabins, each one carry- di Enrico Fabbri ing up to 60 passengers. It was a huge success, so much so that in the following years other large Ferris wheels were built in Paris and Vienna. Introduzione La ruota panoramica è una delle prime attrazio- Interest in this attraction has grown greatly in recent years, to the point ni inventate dall’uomo e rappresenta tutt’oggi le where they have often become icons at events in major cities or a refer- fondamenta del settore. Le prime attrazioni di ence point for tourist areas. To summarise the situation today, we first questo tipo erano già raffigurate in disegni arabi need to go back over what has happened in the last 25 years. ed indiani datati oltre mille anni fa. Questi primi modelli erano ovviamente di piccole dimensioni e venivano spinti a mano. Alcuni video-clip re- 1990s centi, disponibili su YouTube, mostrano costru- In the early 1990s, transportable wheel manufacturers were concentrat- zioni recenti, ma quasi identiche a queste prime ed in Italy and the Netherlands. ‘Transportable’ in this case means an ruote. È però all’ing. George Ferris di Pittsburg che si attraction that is not fixed permanently to the ground via concrete foun- deve il successo moderno di quest’attrazione. dations. Manufacturers thus found 2 solutions to make these attractions Fu lui nel 1893, in occasione dell’Esposizione GAMES & PARKS INDUSTRY 1 - 2017 76 major rides - grandi attrazioni Universale in Chicago, a realizzare la prima ruota panoramica di grandi dimensioni: un gigante di oltre 76 metri di diametro, con 36 cabine, ognu- na delle quali in grado di trasportare fino a 60 passeggeri. Il successo fu enorme, tanto che negli anni a seguire furono costruite altre ruote panoramiche di grandi dimensioni a Parigi e a Vienna. L’interesse verso quest’attrazione è molto au- mentato negli ultimi anni diventando spesso un’icona in occasione di eventi in città storiche o come punto di riferimento in località turistiche. Per fare il punto della situazione oggi dobbiamo prima ripercorrere quanto è successo negli ulti- mi 25 anni. Anni Novanta Nei primi anni ‘90 il panorama dei costruttori di ruote panoramiche itineranti era concentrato tra l’Italia e l’Olanda. Per ‘attrazione itinerante’ intendiamo un’attrazione che non è fissata al suolo in modo permanente tramite fondazioni in cemento. I costruttori hanno quindi trovato due The first Ferris wheel in history: the Chicago Wheel, built during the Chicago Universal soluzioni per rendere mobili queste attrazioni: la Expo of 1893 by George Ferris, who this type of attraction was then named after. The wheel prima installando una parte della struttura ripie- had a diameter of more than 76m, and was fitted with 36 cabins each seating 60, and 3,000 gabile su speciali semirimorchi, la seconda rea- lamps. One ride lasted 9 minutes, at a the cost of 50 cents. To say it was a success in an understatement: during the 11 months of the Expo, takings were 726,805.50 dollars, which at lizzando un basamento speciale da appoggiare today’s value would be equivalent to more than 18 million dollars! al suolo su cui poi installare l’intera struttura. La società Biancardi (Bergantino, Italia) costrui- La prima ruota panoramica della storia: la Chicago Wheel, realizzata in occasione va piccole ruote panoramiche, in versione semi- dell’Esposizione Universale di Chicago del 1893 dall’ing. George Ferris, da cui ha poi anche rimorchio, con un’altezza massima tra i 16 e i 18 preso il nome in inglese questo genere di attrazione. La ruota aveva un diametro di oltre 76m, metri di altezza. La società FAR Fabbri (Bergan- e montava 36 cabine da 60 posti e 3.000 lampadine. Un giro durava 9 minuti, al costo di 50 tino, Italia), aveva appena realizzato la sua prima centesimi di dollaro. Dire che fu un successo è dir poco: durante gli 11 mesi dell’Expo incassò 726.805,50 dollari, che calcolati oggi, corrisponderebbero a oltre 18 milioni di dollari! ruota panoramica, in versione semirimorchio, di un’altezza di 20 metri (era l’anno 1988), quando si adoperò per superare questi limiti producen- do due nuovi modelli, la Ruota Panoramica 25 e transportable: first installing a folding structure on special semi-trailers, la Giant Wheel 34, entrambi in versione semiri- then creating a special stand to be placed on the ground and then used to morchio. Quest’ultima fu inviata in California nel install the entire structure. 1991 con un grandissimo successo, tale che poi la società Chance (USA) ne copiò lo stile caratte- Biancardi (a company from Bergantino, Italy) was making small Ferris rizzato dai tre semirimorchi, realizzando un suo wheels, in the semi-trailer version, with a maximum height between 16 modello con un’altezza di 28 metri, sempre in- and 18 metres. FAR Fabbri (also from Bergantino), had just built its first stallata su semirimorchio, che chiamò Century. Ferris wheel, in the semi-trailer version, with a height of 20m (this was in Altri importanti interpreti nella costruzione di ruote panoramiche furono SDC e Spaggiari e 1988) and started to make 2 new larger models, Ruota Panoramica 25 Barbieri (Reggio Emilia, Italia), che avevano co- and Giant Wheel 34, both in the semi-trailer version. The latter was sent struito, ancor prima degli anni ‘90, ruote pano- to California in 1991 and was a hit, indeed Chance (a US company) copied ramiche con altezza fino a 18 metri sempre in the style based on 3 semi-trailers, developing one of their models with a versione semirimorchio. In Olanda, invece, erano attivi in quegli anni due height of 28m, also installed on semi-trailers, called Century. costruttori importanti, Nauta Bussink e Mondial. Other important players in the construction of Ferris wheels were SDC Tra questi due ci fu una grande competizione and Spaggiari and Barbieri (Reggio Emilia, Italy), which even before the per conquistare il mercato tedesco. Entrambi 90s had made Ferris wheels with heights up to 18m, also on semi-trailers. iniziarono a produrre modelli di ruota panora- mica di 33 metri, per poi passare a modelli di In the Netherlands, on the other hand, 2 major manufacturers were oper- 38 metri ed arrivare infine a quelli alti 44 metri. ating in those years, Nauta Bussink and Mondial. There was strong com- Il mercato tedesco era molto importante: era il petition between the 2 to conquer the German market. Both began making solo a rappresentare un buon incasso e ad avere 33-metre model Ferris wheels, and later 38-metre models and finally 44 operatori professionali che potevano installare e trasportare queste grandi strutture con effi- metres. The German market was an important one: it was the only market cienza. Ad un certo punto questi due costrut- where the attractions made good money and where there were profes- tori trovarono un loro equilibrio in quanto Nauta sionals who could install and transport these large structures efficiently. Bussink si specializzò in ruote panoramiche por- At a certain stage the 2 manufacturers found their niche, with Nauta Bus- tatili (con basamento) mentre Mondial in quelle installate su semirimorchi. sink specialising in transportable Ferris wheels (on a base) while Mondial Gerstlaurer (Germania), nata da una costola del- specialised in trailer-mounted models. lo storico e importantissimo costruttore Anton Gerstlaurer (Germany), deriving from a branch of the historic and import- Schwarzkopf, costruì pochissime unità, molte ant manufacturer Anton Schwarzkopf, made a few wheels, many of which in versione portatile con basamento. L’ultimo transportable with base. The last to be made by this manufacturer, 60m esemplare di questo costruttore, alto 60 metri, si trova nel parco divertimenti Nigloland (Francia) high, is still operating at Nigloland park (France) and has been moved just ed è stato spostato solo un paio di volte in occa- a couple of times to the Christmas market in Metz (France). sione del mercatino di Natale di Metz (Francia). GAMES & PARKS INDUSTRY 1 - 2017 78 major rides - grandi attrazioni Anni Duemila Early 2000s Il vero boom internazionale delle ruote panora- miche iniziò nell’anno 2000. La città di Londra The true international boom in Ferris wheels began in 2000. The city aveva sponsorizzato la costruzione di una gran- of London sponsored the construction of a large wheel located on the de ruota sul Tamigi, con un’altezza di 135 metri Thames, with a height of 135m (Millennium Wheel, a name that has since (la Millennium Wheel, nome che si è col tempo changed to become The London Eye), with inauguration planned to cel- aggiornato diventando oggi The London Eye) e ebrate the new millennium.
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