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Hendek Orman Işletme Müdürlüğü İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ DOKTORA TEZİ HENDEK ORMAN İŞLETME MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ ORMANLARINDA ENTOMOLOJİK PROBLEMLER Orman Yük. Müh. Erol AKKUZU Orman Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Orman Entomolojisi ve Koruma Programı Danışman Prof.Dr. Torul MOL Mayıs, 2004 İSTANBUL ÖNSÖZ “Hendek Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Ormanlarında Entomolojik Problemler” adlı bu çalışma İ.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Orman Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Orman Entomolojisi ve Koruma Programı’nda Prof. Dr. Torul MOL danışmanlığında 2000 – 2004 yılları arasında hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışma T-855/17072000 No’lu proje kapsamında İ.Ü. Rektörlüğü Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yürütücü Sekreterliği tarafından desteklenmiştir. Bu çalışmamın her aşamasında yardımlarını ve desteklerini esirgemeyen Sayın Danışman Hocam Prof. Dr. Torul MOL’a, Sayın Hocalarım Prof. Dr. Erdal SELMİ, Prof. Dr. Tamer ÖYMEN, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ali KÜÇÜKOSMANOĞLU ve Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ahmet HAKYEMEZ’e en derin teşekkürlerimi sunuyorum. Ayrıca, istatistik ağırlıklı hesaplama ve değerlendirmelerde yardımlarını esirgemeyen Prof. Dr. Ömer SARAÇOĞLU’na, Coleoptera (Buprestidae, Chrysomelidae, Elateridae) ve Heteroptera türlerinin teşhisini yapan Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Öğretim Üyesi Prof. Dr. Serdar TEZCAN ve diğer öğretim üyelerine, tez raporlarımın değerlendirilmesinde yardım ve desteklerini esirgemeyen hocam Doç. Dr. Hakan ALTINÇEKİÇ’e, Diptera (Tachinidae) türlerinin teşhisini yapan değerli akademisyen Yrd. Doç. Dr. Kenan KARA’ya, arazi, laboratuvar ve tez yazım çalışmalarında desteklerini gördüğüm İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi, Orman Entomolojisi ve Koruma Anabilim Dalı Araştırma Görevlileri Meriç KUMBAŞLI, Zeynel ARSLANGÜNDOĞDU, Hüseyin CEBECİ, Hamit AYBERK ve ERDEM HIZAL’a, Biyolog Sabiha ACER’e ve doktorant Vedat BEŞKARDEŞ’e teşekkür ederim. Doktora tezimle ilgili arazi çalışmalarını yürüttüğüm Hendek ilçesinde şahsıma her türlü yardımı ve kolaylığı gösteren Hendek Orman İşletme Müdürü Ayhan ŞİMŞEK’e, Süleymaniye Orman İşletme Eski Şefi Ömer DİLAVER’e, Kurtköy Orman İşletme Şefi Kenan KILIÇ’a teşekkürlerimi arz ederim. Mayıs, 2004 Erol AKKUZU I İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ.......................................................................................................................... I İÇİNDEKİLER .........................................................................................................II ŞEKİL LİSTESİ...................................................................................................... IV TABLO LİSTESİ................................................................................................. VIII ÖZET.. ........................................................................................................................IX SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... XIV 1. GİRİŞ................................................................................................................1 2. MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM ..........................................................................4 2.1. Araştırma alanının tanıtımı ............................................................................... 4 2.1.1. Coğrafi Konum ................................................................................................. 6 2.1.2. Genel İklim Durumu ......................................................................................... 8 2.1.3. Jeolojik Yapı ve Toprak.................................................................................... 9 2.1.4. Bitki Örtüsü....................................................................................................... 9 2.1.5. Süleymaniye Subasar Ormanı......................................................................... 14 2.2. Yöntem............................................................................................................ 15 2.2.1. Arazi Çalışmaları ............................................................................................ 15 2.2.2. Laboratuvar Çalışmaları.................................................................................. 19 2.2.2.1. Böceklerin yetiştirilmesi ................................................................................. 19 2.2.2.2. Böceklerin preparasyon ve teşhisi................................................................... 21 2.2.3. Büro Çalışmaları ............................................................................................. 21 3. BULGULAR...................................................................................................22 3.1. Sistematik........................................................................................................ 22 3.2. Hendek Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü ormanlarında zarar yapannböceklerin morfolojik özellikleri, yayılışı, konukçuları ve önemli türlere ait biyolojik gözlemler............................................................ ............................. 27 3.2.1. Takım: Orthoptera........................................................................................... 27 3.2.1.1. Familya: Gryllotalpidae .................................................................................. 27 3.2.2. Takım: Dermaptera ......................................................................................... 29 3.2.2.1. Familya: Forficulidae..................................................................................... 29 3.2.3. Takım: Homoptera ......................................................................................... 30 3.2.3.1. Familya: Callaphididae .................................................................................. 30 3.2.4. Takım: Heteroptera ......................................................................................... 31 3.2.4.1. Familya: Coreidae .......................................................................................... 31 3.2.4.2. Familya: Pentatomidae................................................................................... 32 3.2.5. Takım: Coleoptera........................................................................................... 35 3.2.5.1. Familya: Lucanidae........................................................................................ 35 3.2.5.2. Familya: Scarabaeidae ................................................................................... 38 3.2.5.3. Familya: Buprestidae ..................................................................................... 41 3.2.5.4. Familya: Anobiidae........................................................................................ 45 3.2.5.5. Familya: Cerambycidae ................................................................................. 47 3.2.5.6. Familya: Chrysomelidae ................................................................................ 67 3.2.5.7. Familya: Curculionidae.................................................................................. 76 3.2.5.8. Familya: Scolytidae........................................................................................ 77 3.2.6. Takım: Diptera ................................................................................................ 94 3.2.6.1. Familya: Cecidomyiidae ................................................................................ 94 II 3.2.7. Takım: Lepidoptera......................................................................................... 95 3.2.7.1. Familya: Cossidae .......................................................................................... 95 3.2.7.2. Familya: Tortricidae....................................................................................... 96 3.2.7.3. Familya: Pieridae ......................................................................................... 100 3.2.7.4. Familya: Lycaenidae .................................................................................... 101 3.2.7.5. Familya: Geometridae.................................................................................. 102 3.2.7.6. Familya: Lasiocampidae .............................................................................. 108 3.2.7.7. Familya: Saturnidae ..................................................................................... 108 3.2.7.8. Familya: Sphingidae .................................................................................... 110 3.2.7.9. Familya: Notodontidae................................................................................. 113 3.2.7.10. Familya: Lymantriidae.................................................................................. 117 3.2.7.11. Familya: Arctiidae........................................................................................ 128 3.2.7.12. Familya: Noctuidae ...................................................................................... 145 3.2.8. Takım: Hymenoptera ................................................................................... 154 3.2.8.1. Familya: Diprionidae ................................................................................... 154 3.2.8.2. Familya: Tenthredinidae .............................................................................. 158 3.2.8.3. Familya: Siricidae ........................................................................................ 160 3.2.8.4. Familya: Xiphydriidae ................................................................................. 161 4. TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ ............................................................................163 4.1. Çalışma alanındaki
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