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Native Species in Barito Upstream at , : Sex Ratio and Length-Weight Relationship of Seluang Batang Fish (Rasbora Argyrotaenia Blkr 1850)

Erwin Rosadi1, Endang Yuli H2, Daduk Setyohadi2, and Gatut Bintoro2

1Fisheries and Marine Faculty of Lambung Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan, Indonesia 2Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty of Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to provide scientific data on the sex ratio and length-weight relationships of Seluang Batang (R. argyrotaenia) in Barito upstream of South Kalimantan, located on 2o57'36.10'' S 114o5'37.92'' E; 3o01'07.86" S 114o45'29.28'' E. Taking of samples by the method of Ford-Walford plot lasts for one year with a fixed time interval decision which is one month. Data obtained by comparing the sex ratio between the number of male and females and multiplied by 100%. The chi-square analysis was used to test the hypothesis difference in the number of male and female fish. Analysis of length-weight relationship of fish with regression test and were calculated using a cubic pattern. The results showed that the sex ratio of R. argyrotaenia male and female was 3: 1 and the growth pattern of male and female fish showed negative allometric.

Keywords: Sex Ratio, Length-Weight Relationship, Rasbora argyrotaenia, Barito upstream

INTRODUCTION The rate of exploitation in 2014 reached 65,665.6 tons/year (Department of Fisheries Freshwaters fish in the tropics have higher and Marine of South Kalimantan Province, levels of diversity than in temperate regions 2015). Seluang Batang (Rasbora (Allan and Castillo, 2007; Dudgeon et al., argyrotaenia) is one of commercially 2006; Stiassny, 1999). Food Agricultural important fish species sourced of the Barito Organization (2010) states that freshwater river, creek and swamp waters surrounding fish production has contributed greatly to the the associate (Department of Fisheries and food security and livelihoods of the world. Marine of South Kalimantan Province, 2015; Stiassny (1996) states that 25% of total world Rosadi, 2009). Barito River has the depths of fishery potential coming from the freshwater 8-10 m and a width of 400-750 m, is the main fishery. The Borneo Island has a diversity of river that is mutually associated with creeks fish species relatively higher in the Asian and swamps (floodplain) vicinity, 90% are region (Winemiller et al. 2008). South still affected by the tidal Java (River Basin Kalimantan itself has the potential of wetland Agency of Kalimantan II, 2012; Department area in South Kalimantan is about one million of Fisheries and Marine of Barito Kuala hectares. A total of 140 fish species was Regency, 2008). Some aspects of R. found from this region (Prasetyo and Asyari, argyrotaenia fishery has been widely reported 2003). to describe their morphology (Bleeker, 1859; Kottelat et al. 1993) and mtDNA (Liao et al. 2010), fish biology aspects (Sterba, 1969; Correspondence: Erwin Rosadi. Faculty of Fisheries Axelrod et al. 1991; Doi, 1997; Dina, 2011; and Marine, University of Lambung Mangkurat. Email: [email protected] Sulistiarto, 2012), the aquatic environment (habitat) aspects (Rosadi et al. 2014; Sulistiarto, 1998; Baensch and Riehl, 1985),

Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management Vol 4, No 2 (2016) 20 – 26 http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwem.01.01.02 20 Available on line at: p ISSN: 2354-5844 http://ijwem.unlam.ac.id/index.php/ijwem e ISSN: 2477-5223 patterns of reproduction and growth in ex-situ The length-weight relationship analysis of (Said and Mayasari, 2010) as well as study on R. argyrotaenia regression test was calculated fishing activity of this species (Rosadi et al. using a cubic pattern (Pauly, 1984; Efendie, 2015). 2002) with the formulation: The research on fishery resources in the waters of tropical rivers for decades rated W = a Lb lagging when compared with studies in the ln W = ln a + b ln L temperate waters (Matthews and Heins, 1987; W as the fish's body weight (g), L as fish Dudgeon, 2000; Winemiller et al. 2008). At length (mm), a as the intercept and slope b. present, scientific data on the sex ratio and Correlation parameters on length-weight length-weight relationships of R. relationship of R. argyrotaenia can be seen argyrotaenia are lack. It is therefore more from the value of b (as probe closeness level information on reproductive biology of this relations between the two parameters). The b species is required as the stock assessment values represent the body shape of the fish. If database based on a specific geographical the value of b = 3 indicating an isometric location. growth pattern where the length balanced with weight gain. If the value b ≠ 3, it meant MATERIALS AND METHODS allometric growth patterns. The value of b < 3 means that negative allometric growth more Study Site dominant of length (slim). Value b > 3 means The study was carried out on Barito that the positive allometric growth more upstream, South Kalimantan, located at dominant of weight (plump) (Shukor et al. 2o57'36.10'' S 114o5'37.92'' E; 3o01'07.86" S 2008; Amani et al. 2011; Yuanda et al. 2012) 114o45'29.28'' E determined with GPS To confirm the closeness of the (Garmin Etrex, Taiwan). The water depth relationship between the two parameters varied from 8 to 10 m; the same fishing (value b) ttest (Efendie, 2002) with the grounds as those used by commercial formulation: fishermen. 3  b ttest  Sb Data Collection b as the calculated value ratio of the length The samples of R. argyrotaenia were and weight of fish, Sb as the standard collected during gillnet operations from April deviation value b 2012 - May 2013. The gillnet made of nylon The hypothesis used in the study is H0 monofilament, mesh sizes varied between 20 (the null hypothesis) when the value of b = 3, mm and 30 mm with 150 m long and 2 m then the growth patterns of fish body is high. isometric. While H1 (alternative hypothesis) Total length was measured to the nearest when the value of b ≠ 3, the pattern of growth millimeter. Weight was determined with a of fish body is allometric. digital balance to an accuracy of 0.1 g. When the t-test used, the decision is made Retrieval of samples by the method of Ford- as follows If tcount > t-table, then reject H0 Walford plot lasts for one year with a fixed (value b ≠ 3) it meant that length and weight load time interval which is one month (King, relationship is either positive allometric (b > 1995). The samples were taken randomly 3) or negative allometric (b < 3). If tcount < t- from both fish landing sites and on board. table, then accept H0 (b value = 3) or fish length and weight relationship was isometric. Data Analysis Analysis of the Sex Ratio was performed by comparing the number of male and females and then multiplied by 100%. The chi-square analysis is used to test the hypothesis difference in the number of male and female.

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION sexes in fish. In addition, the number of female fish that produce a new individual in Sex ratio of Male and Female the process of reproduction (fertility) could A total of 2.381 specimens were colected affect fish stocks in the waters (Dodds, 2002). throughout the study period. It is comprised 1.751 male (73.54%) and 630 female Length-Weight Relationship (26.46%) with the sex ratio of 3:1. The results The analysis results of the length-weight of the chi-square analysis one end to the relationship of R. argyrotaenia show that actual value and the expectation value correlation coefficient (multiple R) between generating probability value of 3.94598-19, male and female was almost the same, with where as the observations on the alpha value the value of 0.975 and 0.971 respectively. of 0.05 (95% confidence level), then p A total of 1,751 males were evaluated. The (3.94598-19) < alpha of 0.05 so that the Length-weight relationship of the male was -5 2,859 2 alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted, there stated as W = 1,553 x 10 L , with the R is a difference in the number of males and value was 0.951 which meant that variations females. The sex ratio fish that live clustered in weight of the fish were influenced by generally be optimal if males and females 2: 1 variation in the length of fish by 95.1 percent, (Yeni Rahman et al., 2013). According to with the value of standard Error b (SEb) of Said and Mayasari (2010) the fish 0.015. It means that small deviations reproduction of R. argyrotaenia ex-situ regression coefficient of variable length of the achieve the optimal level sex ratio of male fish and has contributed significantly to the and female 2 : 1. While Ball and Rao (1984) variable weight of the fish (Fig. 3a). A total of states that the male and female ratio from the 629 females were analyzed. normal waters is 1: 1. The length-weight relationship of the In the same cohort the body shape of males female was stated as W = 1,291 x 10-5L2,915 Rasbora fish is slimmer than females (Sterba, with the value of R2 was 0.944 which meant 1969). According to Nikolsky (1963), the size that the fish weight variations were influenced of female reproduction in general is larger by variation in the length of fish by 94.4 than that of male because of having a great percent, with the value of Standart error of b fecundity in stock. While Lagler et al. (1977) (SEb) of 0.028. It shows a little deviation suggest that genetic factors are the cause of regression coefficient variable length of the the difference in size between the fish and makes a significant contribution to the variable weight of males (Fig. 3b).

Figure 1. Sex ratio of R. argyrotaenia based on sampling time

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Figure 3. ( a) Length-Weight Relationship of R.argyrotaenia (male) ( b ) Length-Weight Relationship of R.argyrotaenia (Female)

The t-test shows that the growth pattern of Based on the range of the value of b is both male and female was a negative obtained, the range did not show a significant allometric, which meant that the length of fish difference between males and females. The body is more dominant than the weight (slim) similar results were also demonstrated in the (Effendie, 2002). The result of the calculation length-weight relationship of total male and of the value b t test (α = 0.05) for the male female (Fig. 4). shows that tcount (9.0106) was higher than ttable Lagler et al. (1977) explained that the (1.645). It means the growth pattern of males value b could fluctuate between 2.5 to 4 and was negative allometric with the values b most close to the value 3. The range of value ranged from 2.829 to 2.890. As for the b in this study was clearly difined. It is female, tcount (2.9596) was also higher than thought to be caused by the fulfillment of the ttable of (1.645). It means that growth pattern number of samples as stated by Gulland of females was also negative allometric with (1980). the values b was ranged from 2.860 to 2.972. Unique attributes like a fish body shape The range of values b between males and will help us understand why certain species females did not show a significant difference, are able to survive in the waters, and also can according Tsounami et al. (2006) and provide clues about environmental factors Bagenal (1978), the difference value b (slope) that can be adapted by fish (Allan and in fish caused by the difference between the Castillo, 2007). Dodds (2002) states that the sexes fish. relationship between the length and weight of the fish can be used to assess the condition of the fish, a fish that has a high weight per unit length of the fish is considered healthy and in good shape. Some researches related to the length- weight relationship of R. argyrotaenia were also reported by other studies. Sulistiarto (2012) conducted experiment in the flood plain of the Rungan river at Central Kalimantan and calculated the value b was less than 3 with a negative allometric growth pattern. Arsyad and Syaefudin (2010) focused on the Musi river of South Sumatra with the Figure 4. Length-Weight Relationship of value b was 2.09 indicating a negative R.argyrotaenia (Male and Female) allometric growth pattern. The similar results were also reported in others species (Sunil,

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