INSIDE PLUS Roy Wilkins and the How the Library Helped Launch NASA Civil Rights Movement Tonight: From Steve to Johnny to Jimmy 100 Years of ASCAP Memories of the Way We Were and Creativity CRS LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE MAY/JUNE 2014 at 100 Informing the Legislative Debate Since 1914

WWW.LOC.GOV In This Issue MAY/JUNE 2014 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAGAZINE FEATURES Library of Congress Magazine Vol. 3 No. 3: May/June 2014

Mission of the Library of Congress ASCAP: A Century of Creativity 8 The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers has The mission of the Library is to support the supported the nation’s creative community for more than 100 years. Congress in fulfilling its constitutional duties and to further the progress of knowledge and creativity for the benefit of the American people. The Power of One: Roy Wilkins and 10 the Civil Rights Movement Library of Congress Magazine is issued bimonthly by the Office of Communications Civil Rights activist Roy Wilkins devoted his life to achieving equal of the Library of Congress and distributed free rights under the law for the nation’s African Americans. of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, donors, academic libraries, CRS at 100 learned societies and allied organizations in 3 14 The centennial of the Library's Congressional Research Service is a “Tonight Show” host Jimmy Fallon the United States. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may time to look back on its history and ahead to serving a 21st-century arrange to receive Library of Congress Magazine Congress. on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library’s Director for Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. LCM is also available on the web at www.loc.gov/lcm. DEPARTMENTS All other correspondence should be addressed to the Office of Communications, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., 02 22 Washington DC 20540-1610. How Do I? My Job 03 23 6 e-mail [email protected] Trending Favorite Place A 1973 hit song www.loc.gov/lcm 04 24 ISSN 2169-0855 (print) Online Offerings Around the Library ISSN 2169-0863 (online) 04 For You at the Library 25 News Briefs James H. Billington 05 Technology at the Library 26 Shop the Library Librarian of Congress 06 First Drafts 27 Support the Library Gayle Osterberg Executive Editor 19 Experts' Corner 28 The Last Word Audrey Fischer 20 The Library in History Editor John H. Sayers Managing Editor Ashley Jones ON THE COVER: The close proximity of the Library of Congress and the U.S. Capitol Building 20 Designer symbolizes the close collaboration between the nation’s lawmakers and their library. Library of Founding NASA Congress Office of Communications Abby Brack Lewis Photo Editor Contributing Writers Erin Allen CONNECT ON Mark Hartsell This panel, from a five-part mural by Elihu Vedder called Twitter: Flickr: “Government,” appears in the lobby to the Library’s Main Reading Cory V. Langley @librarycongress flickr.com/photo/library_of_congress Wendi A. Maloney Youtube: Library of Congress blogs: Room. Carol Highsmith youtube.com/libraryofcongress blogs.loc.gov Facebook: facebook.com/libraryofcongress LCM online: loc.gov/lcm

May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcm 1 how DO I? #trending AT THE LIBRARY BECOME A LIBRARY VOLUNTEER

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS RELIES ON VOLUNTEERS to greet the more than 1.6 million visitors, who come each year to its Capitol Hill campus. Approximately 300 dedicated volunteers work to greet and provide educational experiences to visitors and researchers. The volunteers use their knowledge and experience as they lead tours of the magnificent Thomas Jefferson Building and help visitors find their ways to the Library’s treasures and many public programs and resources. The following volunteer opportunities exist for people outside the Library and those on staff.

VOLUNTEER OPPORTUNITIES AT THE LIBRARY HEEEERE’S JIMMY!

1. Docents lead informative tours of the historic Thomas HOST OF “THE TONIGHT SHOW” REMAINS A COVETED SPOT, EVEN 60 YEARS Jefferson Building, explaining its art and architecture as well AFTER THE SHOW’S DEBUT. as the history and work of the Library. Many docents develop From left, current Jay Leno’s recent exit from “The Tonight Show” Hope and Marx were frequent guests on “The specialized tours on specific topics or exhibitions. On average, “Tonight Show” cleared the path for a new comedian on the Tonight Show.” During his Oct. 5, 1965 appearance docents lead two tours each month. host Jimmy Fallon block—Jimmy Fallon. Although this marks the on the show, Marx became emotional about the (Associated 2. Orientation/Information Desk volunteers welcome visitors as second time Leno surrendered his host’s seat on Library’s request for his papers. Press) and his they enter the Jefferson and Madison Buildings and inform them the evening talk show—the first time to Conan predecessors Johnny “I was so pleased … Having not finished public Carson, Jack Paar of learning opportunities available during a visit to the Library. O’Brien in 2009 and now to Fallon—his 22-year school to find my letters perhaps laying next to and Steve Allen | They also accommodate visitors by responding to any specific tenure is second only to Johnny Carson’s 30 years the Gettysburg Address I thought was quite an New York World- needs, such as directions on first steps to becoming researchers, as “Tonight Show” emcee during the show’s Telegram and the incongruity, in addition to being extremely thrilling requests for wheelchairs, restrooms, elevators and food services. 60-year history. Sun Newspaper … I’m very proud of this.” Photograph 3. Researcher Guidance Desk volunteers support new researchers The Library of Congress is home to Carson’s Collection, Prints Among the Library’s collections that highlight the in navigating the Library’s website and determining which papers. The collection, comprising approximately and Photographs American variety show genre are radio scripts from Division reading rooms are most relevant to their research. 47,600 items, includes reports, scripts, correspondence and production files for “The Goodman Ace, “Amos ‘n’ Andy” and Fred Allen 4. Young Readers Center volunteers work with visiting children Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.” Many and The Sid Caesar Papers, containing television (up to age 16) and their families. of the scripts include notes from the show’s long- scripts for “Your Show of Shows” and “Caesar’s time producer, Fred de Cordova, and highlight Comedy Hour.” The Library’s holdings also include sections that were cut by network censors. 30 broadcasts of “Tonight Starring Jack Paar” [Paar succeeded Steve Allen and preceded Carson as host MORE INFORMATION The late-night television talk show can trace of “The Tonight Show], 1,500 broadcasts of the its variety act roots back to vaudeville and its “Late Show with David Letterman,” 750 “Conan Volunteers Information broadcasting roots to radio. Famous jokesters O’Brien” shows, 1,000 “Tonight Show” broadcasts loc.gov/visit/volunteer/ Bob Hope and Groucho Marx got their start hosted by Jay Leno and a sound recording of on the vaudeville circuit. The Library holds excerpts from Carson’s early years as host of “The Young Readers Center the papers of both comedians. Two Library Tonight Show.” Contact Karen Jaffe at [email protected] exhibitions feature Hope, Carson and Marx: —Erin Allen “Bob Hope and American Variety,” and “Hope MORE INFORMATION Library of Congress Docent Rod Pendleton leads a Library tour for for America: Performers, Politics and Pop Johnny Carson Papers the Shenandoah University Faculty. Shealah Craighead Culture.” Acknowledging their debt to Hope, hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms003017 Leno and talk-show host and comedian Stephen Colbert narrated introductory videos Groucho Marx Papers hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms010073 to these exhibitions.

2 3 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcM onlineOFFERINGS technology AT THE LIBRARY MEMORIES OF A MOVEMENT GOVERNMENT AT YOUR FIFTY YEARS LATER, THE CIVIL-RIGHTS FINGERTIPS MOVEMENT IS STILL ALIVE IN THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF THOSE WHO WERE THERE. THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, THE U.S. CONGRESS AND THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ARE WORKING TO MAKE THE NATION’S LEGISLATIVE INFORMATION ACCESSIBLE ONLINE. The Library of Congress in May will place 55 interviews online as part of the Civil Rights History Project. During the past year, the Library has been upgrading its free legislative information website known as Congress.gov The Civil Rights History Project Act of 2009 to include more features such as the Congressional Record, directed the Library and the Smithsonian committee reports, direct links from bills to cost estimates Institution to conduct a survey of existing civil- from the Congressional Budget Office, legislative process rights era oral-history collections. The resulting videos, committee profile pages and historic documents. Most The Library’s Oral History Project is now accesible online. database, which is accessible on the Library’s recently, advanced search, browse and appropriations tables website, provides information about collections at were added to the site’s functionality. more than 1,500 public institutions in 49 states MORE INFORMATION and the District of Columbia. Congress.gov will replace the nearly 20-year-old THOMAS. Civil Rights History Project gov, due to be retired at the end of 2014. The legislation also called for recording new loc.gov/collection/civil-rights-history-project interviews with people who experienced the In addition, the Library in 2013 launched a new app, civil-rights struggle. The Smithsonian is selecting Civil Rights Oral Histories Database “U.S. Constitution: Analysis and Interpretation,” that the interview subjects, and the interviews are loc.gov/folklife/civilrights/survey includes extensive analysis and interpretation of Supreme being conducted through a program at the Court constitutional case law by Library experts. Legal University of North Carolina. The American professionals, teachers, students and anyone researching the Folklife Center, which manages the project at constitutional implications of a particular topic can easily locate constitutional amendments, federal and state laws the Library, catalogs the interviews, makes the video and transcripts available and provides the that were held unconstitutional, and tables of recent cases with corresponding topics and constitutional implications. Smithsonian with copies for inclusion in the AT THE LIBRARY National Museum of African American History, The app will be updated several times each year when scheduled to open on the National Mall in 2015. INTERLIBRARY LOAN decisions on cases with constitutional implications are issued by the court. LIBRARY PATRONS MAY BORROW ITEMS Remembrances of the movement include the Freedom Rides (1961), the March on from the Library of Congress such as The free resource, which makes the nearly 3,000-page Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963) and book and some microfilmed materials for Constitution Annotated more accessible to more the Selma to Montgomery Rights March (1965). a period of 60 days through interlibrary people, was developed in cooperation with the Senate The murders of civil rights activist Medgar Evers loan. Before submitting a request to receive Committee on Rules and Administration and the Library of Congress materials through Government Printing Office. (1963) and Chicago teenager Emmett Till (1955) The Library’s are also recalled by eye witnesses. Till, who was a participating borrowing institution new app, “U.S. visiting relatives in Mississippi, was accused of WHAT: Interlibrary Loan (domestic and international academic, Constitution: Analysis whistling at a white woman. WH0: Domestic or international public or special libraries), library patrons and Interpretation,” is libraries should check the Library’s online public MORE INFORMATION available on the iPad “They drove off, and we never saw Emmett alive WHERE: All items lent from the access catalog. Not every item in the and iPhone. Abby Legislative Information again,” said his cousin, Simeon Wright, who Library of Congress collections Brack Lewis Library’s catalog is actually held in the Congress.gov recalled the night two men forcibly removed Till must be used on the premises of collection, and not everything in the the borrowing library. from the house. collection can be lent or copied. Special U.S. Constitution: Analysis and Interpretation COST: FREE collections such as serials, rare books, beta.congress.gov/constitution-annotated Some of these oral histories will be included in genealogy and local history, manuscripts loc.gov/apps the Library’s new civil rights exhibition, “A Long and performing-arts materials do not Struggle for Freedom.” (See story on page 10.) circulate unless a microfilm copy exists.

Interlibrary Loan loc.gov/rr/loan

4 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcM 5 first DRAFTS

Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman and Marvin Hamlisch accept the Academy Award for “Best Song,” 1974. ASCAP Foundation Collection, Music Division

“THE WAY WE WERE” “Daydreams light the corners of my mind.” These might have been the lyrics sung by Barbara Streisand in the 1973 film “The Way We Were” if not for the minds—and pens—of songwriting team Marilyn and Alan Bergman. But the word “daydreams” was changed to “memories” and the result was the Academy Award- winning song, “The Way We Were” (autographed score pictured here) from the film of the same title. The Bergmans’ personal and professional collaboration, which began in the late 1950s, continues today. Lyricists for film, stage and television, they have earned 16 Academy Award nominations, multiple Emmys, Grammys and three Oscars. The Bergmans have also devoted their lives to the rights of creative artists and the preservation of their work. Alan Bergman serves as a member of the Library of Congress National Film Preservation Board. Marilyn Bergman was elected president and chairman of the Board of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) in 1994, after five terms as the first woman ever to serve on ASCAP’s Board of Directors. After leading the organization for 15 years, she continues to serve on ASCAP’s Board. In 2002, she was appointed to chair the inaugural Library of Congress National Sound Recording Preservation Board. “The Way We Were,” Holograph lyrics, Alan and Marilyn Bergman, MORE INFORMATION 1973 | ASCAP Foundation Collection, Music Division View ASCAP exhibition loc.gov/exhibits/ascap-100-years-and-beyond

6 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcm 7 Paul Williams, who has served as the organization’s president ASCAP president Paul Williams testifies before the U.S. Congress, March 15, 2012. ASCAP Foundation since 2009. Collection, Music Division

Williams and fellow songwriter The piano-vocal score for the musical “Wicked,” by Jimmy Webb performed a selection Stephen Schwartz, is housed in the ASCAP collection. of their hit songs at the Library of ASCAP Foundation Collection, Music Division Congress on Feb. 25 to mark the opening of the Library’s ASCAP exhibition on the occasion of the rights organization’s centennial. They also discussed their good fortune to break into the industry when they did.

“Today the doors aren’t opening for young writers with any degree of acceptable frequency,” Webb said, partly because the music industry has grown so big. New technologies have also posed challenges to songwriters, who earn higher royalties from such physical media as CDs than they do for streamed music.

As new technologies for disseminating music have emerged, copyright law and regulations governing music licensing have evolved. But it has been nearly 40 years since President Gerald Ford signed the Copyright Act of 1976—the foundation for current U.S. copyright law. Since then, the technology for reproducing and performing music has changed dramatically—from vinyl records, eight-track and cassette tapes, and CDs to ASCAP HAS SUPPORTED digital downloads, MP3 files, music lockers and peer-to-peer file-sharing. THE NATION’S COMPOSERS, All these new music technologies and services, while exciting for music ARTISTS AND PUBLISHERS lovers, have made it harder for songwriters to support themselves because of ASCAP ON DISPLAY FOR MORE THAN A CENTURY. the way the marketplace values digital dissemination of music. ASCAP and ASCAP others are calling for a thorough review of the U.S. music licensing system to A new Library of Congress exhibition, make sure digital-era songwriters can continue to create. “ASCAP: One Hundred Years and A CENTURY OF CREATIVITY Beyond,” marks the centennial of the “ASCAP embraces new technology,” said Webb. “More songs are being American Society of Composers, Authors disseminated more widely than ever now. But payments to songwriters have and Publishers. The display of 45 items not kept pace.” drawn from the ASCAP Collection at the WENDI A. MALONEY On Feb. 13, 1914, composer Victor Herbert helped for music it played to entertain diners, because the Library of Congress is accompanied by organize a meeting of 100 leaders in the music music contributed to an ambience that allowed it to Register of Copyrights Maria A. Pallante has called for a review of copyright an interactive timeline and a film recalling Members of the world at the Hotel Claridge in New York City to profit. The decision gave ASCAP the legal backing law to determine whether aspects of it need modernization. The House notable moments and artists in the American Society organization’s history, exploring its current of Composers, discuss how creators could best reap the financial it needed to pursue licensing of music users. Judiciary Committee is holding hearings on the subject, and Congress benefits of their works. The result was the founding has asked the U.S. Copyright Office in the Library of Congress to prepare work and challenges and looking to its Authors and future as a force in mentoring and inspiring Publishers of the American Society of Composers, Authors The organization developed a system for licensing a study to address the critical copyright questions raised by new music the creativity of new generations. Artists attend a dinner and Publishers (ASCAP), a performance-rights performance of music in restaurants, hotels, technologies. The Copyright Office has solicited public comment on the represented in the exhibition include Victor in honor of the organization that has for a century collected and nightclubs, and anywhere else a performance issue to inform the study. organization’s of music was likely. In 1921, it made its first Herbert, Irving Berlin, Aaron Copland, Lyle distributed copyright royalties to its members. Lovett, Garth Brooks, Hal David, Marvin founding distribution of about $82,000 to its songwriter and “We will work this out,” said Williams, who applauded the efforts of Pallante president George Hamlisch, Barbra Streisand, Duke Ellington, Five years earlier, in a major revision of the publisher members. and her staff in the Copyright Office. “Our goal is to never, ever stop the Maxwell and its Alan and Marilyn Bergman, Stephen U.S. copyright law, the U.S. Congress extended music,” Williams added. legal counsel Schwartz, Adam Guettel, Carolina Chocolate existing copyright protection of music. But it Today, ASCAP licenses the music of a half million Nathan Burkan, Drops and more. New York, limited composers' public performance right—only members, collecting and redistributing royalties 1914. ASCAP for performances in venues now including radio, On view through July 26, 2014, in the “for profit” public performances could earn a royalty, Wendi A. Maloney is a writer-editor in the U.S. Copyright Office. Foundation the law stated without defining “for profit” in the television, the Internet, mobile services and Performing Arts Reading Room Gallery on Collection, Music beyond. In 2012, ASCAP distributed $828.7 the first level of the Library’s James Madison Division context of the law. million in royalties. MORE INFORMATION Memorial Building, the exhibition is made In 1917, ASCAP achieved a major victory when possible with the support of the Ira and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Herbert v. Shanley “Because of ASCAP, I had gas for my car and could View the ASCAP exhibition online Leonore Gershwin Trust for the benefit of the that a New York City restaurant had to pay royalties send my kids to school,” said acclaimed songwriter loc.gov/exhibits/ascap-100-years-and-beyond/ Library of Congress.

8 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcm 9 From left, newscaster Edwin Newman and “Meet the Press” host Lawrence Spivak interview Civil Rights leaders (front row) Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young, Jr., (back row) Floyd McKissick, Stokely Carmichael and James Meredith, 1966. Lawrence E. Spivak Collection, Prints and Photographs Division

Act of 1965, the murder of Medgar Evers and Norwegian, German and Irish immigrants and the police dogs and fire hoses of Birmingham. attended integrated schools—experiences that The Power of One later allowed him to view whites as civil-rights Wilkins’ family hailed from Mississippi, but his allies and to reject militant activism. Roy Wilkins and the Civil Rights Movement father was forced to flee to St. Louis after an altercation with a white man—one step, Wilkins Sam emphasized hard work and education. No recalled, ahead of a lynch rope. one can steal an education from a man, he’d MARK HARTSELL Civil Rights activist Roy Wilkins devoted his life to achieving equal rights under the say. He also taught Wilkins to keep faith in the law for the nation’s African Americans. Wilkins was born in St. Louis in 1901, followed goodness of others, that the world was not a closely by a sister and brother. His mother died wholly hostile place. when he was 5, and relatives contemplated A bust portrait of the The legacy of slavery, Roy Wilkins once wrote, Wilkins, the grandson of Mississippi slaves, sending the two older children back to “Everything I am or hope to be I owe to him,” Reverend Martin Luther King, seated next to divided African Americans into two camps: devoted more than 50 years of that life to Mississippi and the baby to Aunt Elizabeth and Wilkins wrote. NAACP Director Roy victims of bondage who suffered passively, advancing the cause of civil rights, speaking for Uncle Sam in St. Paul, Minn. Wilkins | New York hoping for a better day, and rebels who heaped freedom and marching for justice. He led the After graduating from the University of World-Telegram and coals of fire on everything that smacked of National Association for the Advancement of Sam wouldn’t hear of it. “I won’t break up a Minnesota, Wilkins eventually edited an the Sun Newspaper inequality. Wilkins belonged among the rebels. Colored People (NAACP) during the civil rights family,” he telegraphed. “Bring all three.” Those influential African-American newspaper Photograph Collection, nine words changed Wilkins’ life. in Kansas City, where he first encountered Prints and Photographs movement’s most momentous era—the years of “I have spent my life stoking the fire and freedom rides and bus boycotts, the March on widespread segregation. Wilkins’ work drew the Division In St. Paul, Wilkins lived in an integrated, shoveling on the coal,” he wrote in his Washington and the march from Selma, the attention of NAACP Executive Secretary Walter working-class neighborhood of Swedish, autobiography, “Standing Fast.” Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights White, and in 1931 he moved to New York to

10 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcM 11 REMEMBERING THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964

To commemorate the 50th anniversary NAACP Chief Counsel Thurgood Marshall | of the signing of the Civil Rights Act New York World-Telegram and the Sun and the struggle for racial equality, the Newspaper Photograph Collection, Prints Library of Congress will present a new and Photographs Division exhibition. “The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom” CIVIL RIGHTS RESOURCES IN will open on June 19, 2014, and remain on view through June 20, THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 2015. The exhibition is made possible The collections held by the by a generous grant from Newman’s Library of Congress for the Own Foundation and with additional study of the 20th-century Civil support from HISTORY. Rights Movement include the Drawn from the Library’s collections, original records of the National the exhibition will include 200 items, Association for the Advancement featuring correspondence and of Colored People (NAACP), documents from civil rights leaders the National Urban League, and organizations, images captured the NAACP Legal Defense by photojournalists and professional and Educational Fund, the photographers, newspapers, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car drawings, posters and in-depth Porters and the Leadership profiles of key figures in the long Conference on Civil Rights. The process of attaining civil rights. Library also holds the microfilmed Audiovisual stations will feature oral- records of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), history interviews with participants Leaders of the March on Washington lock arms as they walk down Constitution Roy Wilkins meets with President Lyndon B. Johnson at the White House to in the Civil Rights Movement and Avenue, Aug. 28, 1963, with Martin Luther King Jr., far left, and Roy Wilkins, discuss strategies for securing passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. the Congress of Racial Equality television clips that brought the second from right. New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Prints and Photographs Division (CORE) and the Southern struggle for equality into living rooms Collection, Prints and Photographs Division Christian Leadership Conference across the country and around the (SCLC). world. Visitors also will hear songs These records are enhanced by from the Civil Rights Movement that serve as White’s chief assistant and, later, editor of The Crisis magazine. “We wanted Congress and the White House to come out of hiding and line the papers of such prominent motivated change, inspired hope and With the NAACP, Wilkins fearlessly took his cause to the streets. He led up alongside the Supreme Court on segregation,” he wrote. activists as Roy Wilkins, Moorfield unified people from all walks of life. many protests, helped organize the historic 1963 March on Washington Storey, A. Philip Randolph, In addition, HISTORY has produced and participated in marches in Selma, Ala., and Jackson, Miss. The legal cases, protests and marches helped produce historic legislation Bayard Rustin, Joseph Rauh, two videos about the legislation and in the 1960s, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964—a measure Wilkins Mary Church Terrell, Jackie its impact that will be shown in the Wilkins mostly sought to force change within the system, through called a “Magna Carta for the race, a splendid monument for the cause of Robinson. Oral histories from exhibition. (See story on page 27.) legislation and the courts. He led the legal efforts that culminated with the human rights.” people who experienced the Civil historic 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education Rights Movement will soon be that overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine in public schools—a Wilkins retired from the NAACP in 1977 and died in 1981, leaving behind available online. (See story on MORE INFORMATION decision, he said, that gave him his greatest satisfaction. an America radically changed for the better. page 4.)

View the exhibition online In 1955, Wilkins took over as the NAACP’s director and implemented “The only master race is the human race,” he once said, “and we are all, by loc.gov/exhibits a strategy designed to get all three branches of the federal government the grace of God, members of it.” MORE INFORMATION actively working to advance civil rights. Mark Hartsell is the editor of The Gazette, the Library’s staff newsletter. Manuscript Reading Room loc.gov/rr/mss

12 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcM 13 A RESEARCH SERVICE FOR CONGRESS

“Congress has taken an important step to rendering the business of lawmaking more exact, economically sound and scientific.” So said Wisconsin Sen. Robert La Follette Sr. (pictured above) in July 1914, when Congress approved legislation that would create the Legislative Research Service (forerunner of the Congressional Research Service). La Follette had introduced a floor amendment An all-staff meeting is held in the Senate Reading Room (now the Jefferson to the Library’s fiscal year 1915 Congressional Reading Room), 1948. Andreas Feininger, Prints and Photographs Division appropriations bill that included funding for legislative research. The idea that legislators should have reference services to support When the Legislative Reference Service (LRS) was established in the Library of their policymaking efforts had CRS begun with American librarian Congress in 1914, the small staff provided what its name conveyed—reference information to assist Members of Congress in their legislative work. Over 100 Melvil Dewey in 1890. Dewey established a bureau in the New at years, LRS evolved into today’s Congressional Research Service (CRS), a staff of York State Library to index and 600 that exclusively provides Congress with nonpartisan policy analysis. compare state legislation. In 1901, CRS is known for its reports, but what makes CRS is its people—analysts, the state of Wisconsin authorized attorneys, information professionals, and management and infrastructure support a library in the state capitol for legislators’ use and began staff. These staff members carry out services in support of the modern mission: to funding a designated legislative provide objective, authoritative and confidential legislative research and analysis, reference bureau in 1903. More thereby contributing to an informed national legislature. than a dozen state legislatures “The success of CRS in fulfilling its statutory mission is a direct result of created legislative reference services during the next decade. diligent professional staff, entrusted with the critical task of researching issues and analyzing information and data for elected officials,” said CRS Director In 1911, Oklahoma Sen. Robert Mary B. Mazanec. Latham Owen Jr. offered the 100 first proposal to establish a Tailored, Personalized Service To Congress legislative reference service for Informing the Legislative Debate Since 1914 Congress. Among the strongest CRS staff members respond to specific congressional questions in a variety of ways: supporters were two legislators The centennial of the Congressional Research in person, by telephone and in confidential memoranda. CRS staff members also from Wisconsin—Sen. Robert M. La Follette Sr. and Rep. John M. Service is a time to look back on its history and assist Members of Congress and their staffs in preparing for hearings and provide expert testimony. Nelson. ahead to serving a 21st-century Congress. Supporters of a congressional For example, the House Armed Services Committee last year invited Catherine reference service realized their Dale, a specialist in international security, to testify about the transition in goal when, on July 16, 1914, Afghanistan—the formal handover of security responsibility from coalition to President Woodrow Wilson Afghan forces. “My role was to frame key oversight issues before other witnesses signed the Library’s fiscal 1915 presented their proposed prescriptions,” said Dale. “Afterward, members and staff appropriations bill. Two days later, from both sides of the aisle sought me out for assistance.” Librarian of Congress Herbert Putnam established the Legislative Research Service by administrative order.

14 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcm 15 Then and Now Francis R. Valeo, chief of Reports on Major Policy Issues the Foreign Affairs Section, consults with Mary Shepard, analyst in international CRS analysts, legislative attorneys and information professionals prepare reports on legislative organization, 1951. Prints issues. CRS’s analyses are available to all of Congress on an exclusive CRS website, where and Photographs Division nearly 10,000 reports are searchable and organized by issue area.

Library staff members “I issued a report within 24 hours of a tragic wildfire incident,” said Kelsi Bracmort, a specialist Judy Graves and Pamela in agricultural conservation and natural-resources policy. “The short report succinctly described Craig conduct a webinar on one facet of wildfire management, directed the reader to other related reports, and, most Congress.gov, 2013. Abby Brack Lewis importantly, immediately let Congress know that there was a CRS policy specialist available to discuss this matter in depth.”

Then and Now Assistance Throughout the Legislative Process LRS Director Ernest S. Griffith (center) leads the Throughout all stages of the legislative process, CRS works with committees, members and Director’s Council, 1951. congressional staff to identify and clarify policy problems, assess the implications of proposed Prints and Photographs Division policy alternatives and provide timely responses to meet immediate and long-term needs.

Current CRS Director Mary “Congress relies on CRS’s legal expertise in many stages of the legislative process,” said Julia Mazanec (back row, center) Taylor, who heads the American Law Consulting Section. “Before a bill is introduced, we’re leads the Research Policy often asked to research legal definitions for terms or conduct a survey of state laws to see how Council, 2013. Karl Weaver, an issue has been handled across the country. As the bill moves through Congress, we research Congressional Research issues relating to the potential impact of the new law. Congressional staff may ask about Service the nature of recent litigation. They may also ask for research related to floor statements the member would like to make when the bill comes up for debate.” CRS at 100 A Timeline

July 1914 1930s Early 1940s 1946 1950s 1970s 1980 1981 1995 2012 2013 2014 On July 16, LRS responds to World War II leads The Legislative LRS assists The Legislative CRS establishes the CRS holds its first CRS launches The Library of The Library of CRS celebrates President Woodrow a congressional to rapid growth in Reorganization Congress on issues Reorganization La Follette Reading Federal Law Update CRS.gov, a website Congress, in Congress, the its centennial. Wilson approves directive to publish LRS, with every Act of 1946 calls such as the Cold Act of 1970 Room in the briefings on current for Congress. collaboration Senate Committee CRS continues the fiscal 1915 a digest of public senator and a for an immediate War, civil rights, transforms and Library’s new James legal topics of At Congress’s with the U.S. on Rules and to enhance its appropriations bills and takes over majority of U.S increase in the social security, renames LRS. The Madison Memorial interest to Congress, request, the Library Senate, House of Administration and staff capabilities, bill, which the production of representatives size and scope of and science and newly restructured Building to honor which continue to develops an online Representatives the Government diversify its includes $25,000 the “Constitution turning to LRS LRS to meet the technology. The Congressional Senators Robert M. the present day with public legislative and the Government Printing Office research products for legislative Annotated,” a for reference information needs press calls LRS Research Service La Follette Sr. and new programs and information-tracking Printing Office, launch the and streamline its reference. Two days compilation of assistance. of Congress in the “Congress’s right (CRS) becomes his son, Robert, workshops on policy system known launches “Constitution website. later, Librarian of constitutional post-war era. arm.” Congress’s for their support issues. as THOMAS. Congress.gov, an Annotated,” a Congress Herbert case law, which own think tank for a congressional CRS develops improved website new app and Putnam establishes the Library began for objective, research department the Legislative that will replace the web publication the Legislative publishing in 1913. nonpartisan policy in the Library of Information System legacy legislative that make the Reference analysis. Congress. (LIS) to serve the tracking systems for printed version of Service (LRS) by legislative branch. Congress and the constitutional case administrative order. public. law accessible for free on a computer Timeline: From left, images from the Library’s Prints and Photographs Division or mobile device. represent the history of the Congressional Research Service from 1914 to the present.

16 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcm 17 CORE VALUES experts’CORNER Throughout its long history, the Congressional Research Service has provided authoritative, confidential and objective research to the nation’s lawmakers. JEREMY M. SHARP, A MIDDLE EASTERN AFFAIRS SPECIALIST, DISCUSSES HOW HE APPLIES HIS EXPERTISE TO SERVE CONGRESS. Authoritativeness

“Our main value is in providing authoritative answers As a graduate student in Middle Eastern studies to Congress’s questions. We work to ensure that our Objectivity aspiring to be an intelligence analyst and entering analyses can withstand rigorous scrutiny from all angles.” the workforce in the wake of the Sept. 11 terrorist “I worked closely with a leadership office and committee staff attacks, I had opportunities at several different to reauthorize a program for vulnerable children. I assisted —Edward C. Liu, legislative attorney agencies. I chose the Congressional Research both sets of clients with developing their policy goals, Service (CRS) in the Library of Congress even though their goals were divergent. Drawing on my because of its uniqueness as a provider of open- experiences from the last program reauthorization, I provided Confidentiality source, objective and confidential analysis to authoritative analyses of two different proposals. Both clients Members of Congress and their staff. I made remarked that they were glad to have me involved, because “Confidentiality is important for building confidence, the right decision; I have one of the best jobs I was not vested in the outcome, but rather in helping meet especially among new congressional staff. New staffers imaginable. fear asking the wrong questions, yet they still have much their legislative objectives.” to learn about their assigned policy issues. The CRS When aspiring policy analysts ask me how —Adrienne L. Fernandes-Alcantara, social policy specialist policy of confidentiality puts them at ease and allows my work plays out on a daily basis, I tell them them to learn and amass the self-confidence necessary to that I consider myself to be an informational hold productive discussions with policymakers.” middleman, someone who synthesizes complex, “At the Library, I country-specific information from a variety of —Darryl E. Getter, specialist in financial economics have the best of sources so that it can be neatly organized and both worlds: I am packaged for our clients. digitally wired-in, Jeremy Sharp | Shealah Craighead with access to an To meet the needs of busy congressional staff array of electronic members, you need to figure out what they need subscription-based to know, while being able to go into more depth, the Middle East and Africa Section, and we are services unavailable Process and Procedures rely on. At the present time, when there is an if necessary. I spend a lot of time sifting through constantly bouncing ideas off one another. I also elsewhere. Yet, at overwhelming amount of information readily materials to glean the one or two sentences of am in contact with the Library of Congress Cairo the same time, I CRS assists lawmakers and their staffs in available, it is even more essential that Members key information that would support a certain Office, which generously hosted me during a trip have the luxury of understanding the formal and informal rules, of Congress have access to issue experts in CRS analytical finding. The writing process then to Egypt several years ago. immersing myself in practices and precedents of the House and who can assist them by gathering, analyzing and becomes an exercise in conveying the big picture the Library’s stacks. Senate and how they might be employed in the summarizing the most pertinent information. with enough supporting information to be In January, I testified before the House Foreign This balance legislative process. considered authoritative and credible. Affairs Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia and allows me to be an “We work in an environment in which many Emerging Threats at a hearing on “Water as analyst in real-time, “I’m part of a group that supports Congress on entities are competing for members’ time and My most challenging issue is Egypt. It has a Geopolitical Threat.” My testimony focused with the added legislative rules and procedures,” said Valerie attention,” said Director Mazanec, who is changed enormously in the past three years on an agreement among Israel, Jordan and the value of providing Heitshusen, analyst on Congress and the involving the entire staff in developing formats and sparked a vigorous public debate over how Palestinian Authority to pursue a Red Sea-Dead an historical legislative process. “We consult on legislative and delivery methods for CRS products and the U.S. government should respond. At the Sea project in response to their shared water perspective.” strategy, analyze current and historical services that are most helpful to the 21st- heart of this debate is whether Congress should problems. procedural practices, and explain implications of century Congress. continue to appropriate $1.55 billion annually potential procedural options. Examples include in military and economic aid to an Egyptian Testifying was both invigorating and terrifying helping senators assess proposed changes in the “CRS will stay true to its values and align with government that some Americans perceive to be all at once. Hence, I over-prepared. Each written practice of filibusters, serving as a procedural Congress’s needs. We want Congress to turn acting undemocratically. As a CRS expert, I must sentence was carefully reviewed by colleagues resource in committee markups, and identifying to CRS first when it is in need of research outline the contours of the debate in an objective for accuracy and relevancy. My oral testimony the range of opportunities Members of and analysis to support its deliberations and fashion. Moreover, when legislation to alter had to fall within a five-minute time allotment. Congress may have to offer amendments to legislative decisions.” U.S. aid to Egypt is under consideration by the I rehearsed in the shower, in back rooms at the pending legislation.” Congress, staff—on both sides of the issue—seek Library, and in front of my peers, who gratifyingly “CRS will continue to provide Congress assistance in understanding both what has been drilled me with questions. The Future with the independent scholarship required done in the past and what the implications would as it embarks upon its second century of be if new laws are passed. Ultimately, I think Members of Congress In its first century, CRS has acquired a store of distinguished service,” said Librarian of appreciate having a CRS staff member on a knowledge and experience that Congress can Congress James H. Billington. To stay current in my area of expertise, I rely a panel. We can frame an issue objectively without lot on my colleagues. We have a great team in engaging in advocacy. Cory V. Langley, a communications specialist in the Congressional Research Service, compiled this article.

18 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcm 19 the library IN HISTORY Manuscrpit Division

EILENE GALLOWAY

Born in Kansas City, Mo., in 1906, A 1957 political cartoon by Edwin Marcus depicts America’s concern for defense Eilene Marie Slack graduated from in the wake of the Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik. Prints and Photographs Swarthmore College with a degree in Division political science. She married George President Dwight D. Galloway, a prominent expert on the Eisenhower, center, workings of Congress, who also worked meets with NASA’s LIBRARY ANALYST HELPED worldwide for peaceful uses of benefit to all humankind, for communications, for the Congressional Research Service. first administrator navigation, meteorology and other purposes,” Galloway wrote in 2007. Galloway retired from the Library in 1975, and deputy LAUNCH NASA but as one of the world’s experts on the administrator, “Use of space was not confined to military activities,” she wrote. “It was subject, she continued to work on space Thomas Keith AMID FEAR AND ANXIETY FOLLOWING THE LAUNCH OF SPUTNIK 1, A remarkable that this possibility became evident so soon after Sputnik, and its law and policy issues the rest of her life. Glennan, right, and LIBRARY ANALYST ASSISTED CONGRESS IN CREATING THE AGENCY THAT Hugh Dryden, left, LANDED AMERICANS ON THE MOON. significance cannot be understated. The problem became one of maintaining She served on NASA advisory committees, 1958. National peace, rather than preparing the United States to meet the threat of using participated in international colloquia Aeronautics outer space for war. Fear of war changed to hope for peace.” and published many articles. She was The American public was shocked, and its leaders Missiles in Foreign Countries” and had focused and Space a founding member of the International Administration were concerned for national security when, on on the issue of military manpower and the With those ideas in mind, Galloway advised Sen. Johnson and House Institute of Space Law. She received the Oct. 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik organization of the Department of Defense. Speaker John McCormack in crafting the National Aeronautics and Space NASA Public Service Award and Gold 1—the first artificial Earth satellite. Johnson asked Galloway to serve as the Act, which created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Medal (1984) and was the first recipient of subcommittee’s staff consultant for a series of (NASA). Thus, Galloway entered the frontier of space policy. Her seminal a Lifetime Achievement Award from Women Lyndon B. Johnson, then a U.S. senator hearings on satellite and missile programs, at contributions to the act included her recommendations that NASA be in Aerospace (1987). She was a fellow of and chairman of the Senate Preparedness which Members of Congress heard the testimony formed as an administration, so that it could coordinate with government the American Astronautical Society (1996) Investigating Subcommittee of the Senate Armed of preparedness experts, scientists and engineers. agencies under centralized guidance, and that NASA be encouraged to act and the first woman elected Honorary Services Committee, called on a national defense Galloway drafted questions and analyzed internationally. Fellow of the American Institute of analyst in the Legislative Reference Service testimony. Aeronautics and Astronautics (2006). The (forerunner of the Congressional Research President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the act into law on July 29, 1958— annual international Galloway Symposium Service) to assist Congress in determining how to “While our first reaction was that we faced just nine months after the launch of Sputnik. Eleven years later, Apollo 11 on Critical Issues in Space Law is named respond. a military problem of technology inferiority, delivered Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the moon. for her. the testimony from scientists and engineers Galloway died in Washington, D.C., in Library analyst Eilene Galloway had recently convinced us that outer space had been opened —Cory V. Langley is a communications 2009—just days shy of her 103rd birthday. authored a report for Congress titled “Guided as a new environment and that it could be used specialist in the Congressional Research Service.

20 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcm 21 my job AT THE LIBRARY favorite PLACES MEREDITH SUND

MEREDITH SUND DESCRIBES HER JOB AS HEAD OF THE DOMESTIC POLICY CONSULTING SECTION IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE (CRS).

How did you come to work for CRS?

I knew I wanted to work at CRS before I even went to graduate school. I was considering options for graduate programs and finally decided on library science. I thought I would love a place like CRS where I could focus on research work. When it was time for an internship, I went straight to CRS and asked to work in the Information Research Division, which at the time was a division of about Shealah Craighead 100 librarians who answered research questions on What is different about working in CRS compared virtually any issue of interest to Congress. It was to a different library setting? a fast-paced, deadline-driven environment, and I really liked it. The next year, I was hired by CRS as Information professionals in my section in CRS a reference librarian through the Graduate Recruit are focused almost exclusively on conducting policy Program. A lot has changed in the 13 years I’ve research for Congress. In other library settings, MORE INFORMATION: been at CRS, and it’s still a great place to work. and particularly in smaller libraries, librarians What does the Domestic Social Policy Consulting may perform a more diverse array of library work, Hours: including collection development and access. Section do? The Capitol Visitor Another difference is the depth and breadth of Center, the Library The section conducts policy-related research the resources we have available. CRS makes a of Congress and the for congressional staff and CRS analysts. For considerable investment in databases and resources, tunnel are open to example, we compile legislative histories and and we also have full access to the vast collections visitors from 8:30 a.m. literature reviews, assemble information about of the Library of Congress. In addition to print and to 4:30 p.m., Monday federal programs and funding, answer statistical electronic resources, we have access to some of the through Saturday, questions and provide document delivery services. nation’s leading policy experts in the analysts and except for Thanksgiving We work on the topics covered by the Domestic attorneys we work alongside. I don’t think there are Day, Christmas Day, Social Policy Division, including health, education, many other librarians who can draw on those types New Year’s Day and immigration, employment and housing. A lot of our of resources in their work. Inauguration Day. work involves helping congressional staff get the information they need to respond to constituents, What do you find most fulfilling about your job? Visit the Library of who always have questions about federal programs Congress that touch their lives such as Medicare and Social I feel fortunate to work with a team of Shealah Craighead loc.gov/visit Security. talented, experienced information professionals. Congressional and CRS staff members have As section head, I manage a team of 16 information complex research needs and my section has a A TUNNEL CONNECTS THE LIBRARY OF display features original documents and professionals. On a daily basis, I assess and assign consistently high volume of requests from them. We CONGRESS to the U.S. Capitol Visitor artifacts, videos, models and computer congressional requests and review the team’s often face additional constraints, including limited Center—an underground gathering interactives. Two small theaters provide responses. CRS information professionals write time to respond or the quality of the information place for visitors to the U.S. Capitol. an in-depth look at how Congress works, and contribute to the development of research available to answer a question. In that context, I Once there, visitors can view “E Pluribus as well as information on congressional products for Congress, so I also help with planning enjoy working with our clients and the information Unum: Out of Many, One,” in Exhibition representatives and senators. Other and provide review for those reports. I also spend professionals to get to the best possible research Hall—the only display in the world rotating exhibits feature items drawn time on performance evaluations and other product. Every day I am impressed with the high- dedicated to telling the story of the from the Library of Congress and other administrative duties. I do squeeze in research value, authoritative research that CRS information U.S. Congress and the U.S. Capitol. The institutions. requests every once in a while, because that is my professionals are able to provide to our nation’s favorite part of the job. lawmakers.

22 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcm 23 around THE LIBRARY news BRIEFS

SAVE THE DATE: NATIONAL BOOK WORLD DIGITAL LIBRARY ADDS FESTIVAL 10,000TH ITEM The 2014 Library of Congress National Book The World Digital Library (wdl.org), a collaborative Festival will take place 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., international project led by the Library of Congress, Saturday, Aug. 30, 2014, at the Walter E. now includes more than 10,000 manuscripts, maps Washington Convention Center in Washington, and atlases, books, prints and photographs, films, D.C. The move from the National Mall to the sound recordings, and other cultural treasures. Convention Center will provide many more seats for festival-goers, protection from both heat and The 10,000-item milestone was reached with the rain and the addition of evening activities between addition of a set of priceless manuscripts from the the hours of 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. Walters Art Museum of Baltimore, Md., a project partner since 2010. The manuscripts range from a In addition to a day-time program of author 10th- century German Gospel book fragment to a 1 2 talks, book-signings and family and children’s 16th-century Gospel manuscript from Ethiopia. activities, nighttime offerings will feature “Great Books to Great Movies,” a pavilion that will offer With these additions, the WDL includes 10,037 an evening panel discussion with experts and rare and unique items, comprising nearly 500,000 film-industry figures, followed by a screening of a images. Content contributed by 102 institutions in 46 classic movie that was made from a classic book. countries is available on the WDL site, which can be A new International Pavilion, featuring authors accessed in seven languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, from around the world will also be part of the new French, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish. evening offerings. The National Book Festival is MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2014/14-035.html free and open to the public. MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2014/14-007.html LIBRARY ACQUIRES AFRICAN-AMERICAN ORAL HISTORIES MAGNA CARTA EXHIBITION The Library will acquire The HistoryMakers archives, 4 5 OPENS NOV. 6 a video collection comprising 9,000 hours of oral Magna Carta, one of the earliest statements of history interviews that document the African- 3 limited government and a point of departure for American experience. The HistoryMakers, a nonprofit research and educational institution, was founded in 1. Moderated by Senate Chaplain Barry Black, left, the Library centuries of debate on individual rights, Magna hosts an African American History month forum featuring former Carta has become the world’s most enduring 1999 by television producer Julieanna Richardson and current African American U.S. Senators, from left, Carol symbol of the rule of law. The Library of Congress with the goal of collecting 5,000 video oral histories. Moseley Braun (D-Ill.), Roland Burris (D-Ill.), Tom Scott (R-S.C.), will celebrate the 800th anniversary of the first To date, more than 2,500 videotaped interviews have William “Mo” Cowan (D-Mass.) and Cory Booker (D-N.J.). issue of Magna Carta with a 10-week exhibition been conducted, and the collection is growing. The “Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor,” opening Nov. 2. Jazz singer Gregory Porter performs at the Library March 8. videos are grouped in 15 different subject matters 6, and running through Monday, Jan. 19, 2015. Kimberly Powell ranging from education, science, politics and military 3. Sports Byline USA’s Ron Barr, right, NBA veteran Adonal The Lincoln King John 1215 Magna Carta, on to sports, media, music and entertainment. The Foyle, center, and former Baltimore Ravens coach Brian Billick, loan from the Lincoln Cathedral in England, will collection includes interviews with a long list of left, participate in a roundtable discussion at the Library on be the centerpiece of the exhibition. In addition, notables such as President Barack Obama when he March 14. there will be rare materials from the Law Library was an Illinois state senator, General Colin Powell, 4. Library staffer Jacqueline Coleburn views a special display of of Congress and from various other divisions of U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder, entertainer/activist works by women writers and illustrators drawn from the Library’s the Library, which will tell the story of Magna Harry Belafonte, poets Maya Angelou and Nikki Rare Book and Special Collections Division. Carta’s influence on the history of political liberty. Giovanni, singers Isaac Hayes and B.B. King, and actors Diahann Carroll, Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee. 5. Curator Hirad Dinavari, right, greets visitors at the opening 6 MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2014/14-027.html of the exhibition, “A Thousand Years of the Persian Book,” on The collection, which includes 70,000 paper March 26. documents and 30,000 digital photographs, will be 6. From left, ASCAP President Paul Williams, Rep. Marsha housed in the Library’s Packard Campus for Audio Blackburn (R-Tenn.), Rep. Ted Deutch (D-Fla.) and Librarian of Visual Conservation in Culpeper, Va. Congress James H. Billington formally open the “ASCAP: 100 MORE: loc.gov/today/pr/2014/14-045.html Years and Beyond” exhibition on Feb. 25. All photos by Shealah Craighead unless noted otherwise.

24 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcm 25 shop AT THE LIBRARY support THE LIBRARY FROM BOOKS TO BALL CAPS, the Library of Congress Shop features items inspired by the Library’s unique collections.

Paul Newman and CELEBRATING CIVIL RIGHTS Sammy Davis Jr. at the March on Washington WITH SUPPORT FROM THE PRIVATE SECTOR, THE LIBRARY MARKS THE 50TH for Jobs and Freedom, Aug. 28, 1963. ANNIVERSARY OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT WITH A NEW EXHIBITION. Roosevelt H. Carter, Prints and Photographs PRIVATE SECTOR SUPPORTERS make it possible to advance many social causes, including an end Division for the Library of Congress to exhibit its to racial injustice. collections to a broad audience. “I Have a Dream” Cherry Blossom iPhone case “This is the Day: The March on Washington” The Connecticut-based Newman’s Own Product # 21601034 Product # 21406125 Product # 211050233 Opening June 19, a year-long Library exhibition, Foundation will build on one of the exhibition’s Price: $3 Price: $9.95 Price: $29.95 (hardcover, 128 pages) “The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle themes—empowering change—to inspire the Martin Luther King Jr.’s inspirational A photograph by Carol M. Highsmith of Photographer Leonard Freed’s photo essay for Freedom,” is made possible by two supporters community of Hartford, Conn., and other areas speech at the 1963 March on Washington cherry blossom season in Washington, documents the March on Washington for Jobs and with deep connections to the events and in the state to use the story of the Civil Rights is reproduced in its entirety. D.C. graces the cover of this iPhone case. Freedom, Aug. 28, 1963. people that shaped the civil rights movement Act to encourage civic involvement. in America—Newman’s Own Foundation and HISTORY®. The exhibition will feature some Two videos, which will complement the of the most important materials in the Library’s exhibition, will be made possible by HISTORY, collection documenting the events that led to the the basic cable and satellite channel. HISTORY passage of this historic legislation and its legacy. will also make available Civil Rights Act-related (See story on page 10.) primary resources from the Library for teachers, along with lesson plans. These materials will be When Robert H. Forrester, president of the subject of the Library 2014 Summer Teachers Newman’s Own Foundation, learned about the Institute focusing on using the Library’s civil Library’s plans to mark the 50th anniversary of rights collections in the K-12 classroom. the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with an exhibition, he saw a project with the potential for the type “We are honored to join with the Library of of social impact that has characterized the Congress in commemorating the Civil Rights company’s charitable giving. Act, 50 years after its passage,” said Nancy Dubuc, president and CEO of A+E Networks. “By funding this exhibition, we proudly “HISTORY’s multimedia production presents continue Paul Newman’s commitment to the the exhibition’s themes dynamically, to engage empowerment of individuals,” said Forrester. today’s educators as well as the general public.” “We hope that the strength of the human spirit as reflected in this exhibit will inform people’s MORE INFORMATION understanding of the present and provide Library of Congress Development Office inspiration to help create a better world for 202.707-2777 “A Friend in the Music Business: The ASCAP Story” Library Baseball Cap MORE INFORMATION tomorrow.” Product # 21120442 Product # 21305001 loc.gov/philanthropy Price: $15 Order online: loc.gov/shop Price: $29.99 (hardcover, 320 pages) Paul Newman (1925-2008) was dedicated to View the exhibition online Order by phone: 888.682.3557 helping make the world a better place. His In 1914, a group of the nation’s most distinguished and One size fits most. Go out to the ballgame Order by fax: 202.707.1771 loc.gov/exhibits/ popular songwriters formed an organization to protect in this cotton baseball cap, featuring the philanthropic legacy includes a natural foods Civil Rights Act resources for teachers their creative rights. Library of Congress initials. company that gives away all after-tax profits to history.com/classroom charity. During his lifetime he used his influence

26 LCM | Library of Congress Magazine May/June 2014 | loc.gov/lcm 27 28 last LC M

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Abby Brack Lewis of Representatives.of term histhird intheU.S. serving Rep. House (R-Miss.) iscurrently Harper Gregg ofCongress. own Library the multitude ofcollections withinourvery andmakeavailablethenational treasuresknowledge whopreserve housedin belongs toyouword –theinquisitive andseekers of studentsoflife truly oftheCongress.Thewas builtandismaintainedthrough thesupport last collection ofhumanknowledge intheworld, institution andthishistoric ofCongress contains thelargest andmostwide-ranging The Library freedoms. tothosevery challenges extraordinary overcome honorennobling exhibitwill heroes whohelpedourcountry tobefree. have shall theright was builton citizens theideathatall This Civil RightsAct exhibition. AsAmericans, we understandthatournation continue oftheLibrary’s This enthusiasmwill inJunewiththelaunch initshistory.Librarian Icould notagree more. Dr. anddeclared oftheworld inthehistory library Billington thegreatest writer, DavidMcCullough, ofCongress asthegreatest refer totheLibrary Sagan’s withtheopeningofCarl literacy papers. heard Irecently thegreat through theCivil War andMarch on Washington exhibits andscience emphasis on reading attheNational literacy Book Festival, literacy historical Billington’s promotion. on focus literacy Hisleadership has placed an On apersonal note, Ihave inspired beentremendously by Dr. James ofCongress.become future professionals attheLibrary the nextgeneration ofleaders ourcountry, for some even andperhaps will towork on awiderangeofresearch projects tobecomecountry train asthey Program enablesaselectgroup ofimpressive collegestudentsfrom across the an encourager oftoday’s young people, theJuniorFellows Intern Summer process.constituents unprecedented access tothepolicymaking And as facingchallenges America. Congress.govThe new website gives my helpsmegainamore thorough understandingofthelegislative Service As alawmaker, provided by support the Congressional thepolicy Research venues inthecountry.one arts ofthemostremarkable performing aspossible.presented by theLibrary all, After theCoolidge Auditorium is thatmywife,saying Sidney, andIare present series atasmany oftheconcert Washington, Thomas Lincoln. Jefferson andAbraham Andit goeswithout presidential collections,in theLibrary’s the papersofGeorge include which thatournation’sand entertainers celebrates. library get lost Icouldsimply Popular awardees, Song by ofcollections thecaliber amazed Iamconstantly offers.the Library Fromfor exhibitstoits Gershwin itsinformative Prize resources educational the various programs andcountlesscultural that As chairman, ofintimateexposure to Ihave theexceptional opportunity the congressional collectionandtheU.S. art BotanicGarden. ofCongress.and administration oftheLibrary committee alsomanages Our longest standingjointcommittee oftheCongress—is totheaffairs devoted inthe113thCongress.the Library The JointCommittee on theLibrary—the oftheJointCommittee on aschairman I amhonored toserve andprivileged andpromoting ingenuity. heritage American rich ourcountry’s preserving constitutional duties. by institutionall citizens This educational alsobenefits isanessential resource its toassistCongress inperforming The Library professionals attheU.S.and culturally-experienced ofCongress. Library inCongress isworkingOne ofthegreatest withthegifted joys ofmyservice THE HISTORICJOINTCOMMITTEEONLIBRARY. U.S. REP. GREGGHARPER(R-MISS.)DISCUSSESWHYHEISPROUDTOCHAIR Reading Room,2014.ShealahCraighead The JeffersonCongressionalReading Room,previouslytheSenate PRESORTED STANDARD POSTAGE & FEES PAID LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON, DC PERMIT No. G-103

OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS 101 INDEPENDENCE AVE. S.E. WASHINGTON, DC 20540-1610

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OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

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exhibitions AT THE LIBRARY

The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom June 19, 2014– June 20, 2015

ASCAP: One Hundred Years and Beyond February 13– July 26, 2014

A Thousand Years of the Persian Book March 27– September 20, 2014

MORE INFORMATION: loc.gov/exhibits