Banda— Diving the IslandsSea of Text and photos by Matthew Meier

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Scalloped hammerhead shark swimming over a hard coral reefscape (above) and hawksbill sea turtle lifting its head while feeding on a sponge (right) at Suanggi Island; Sunrise from behind Serua Island, through a window on the deck of the Solitude Adventurer liveaboard (far right); Diver with large sea fan, Hole in the Wall, Hatta Island (previous page)

Five minutes into my first dive in the Banda Sea, I came face-to-face with a scalloped hammerhead shark, gliding effortlessly in its underwater realm as it emerged from the depths to investigate the alien visitors descending from above. A second ham- The Banda Islands, also day, many of the islands in the Banda merhead swam past a moment later but was known as the Spice Islands, Sea remain uninhabited and most are less bold in its approach and quickly disap- helped put the area on separated by large expanses of open peared back into the abyss. I had come to the map in the early 1600s ocean. Of the 267 million people liv- this remote corner of the globe after hear- when the Dutch East ing in Indonesia (making it the world’s Company took control of largest island nation), only about ing stories of schooling hammerhead sharks, the trade routes for native 19,000 reside within the Banda Islands. abundant sea snakes, magnificent coral such as , formations, huge sponges and the possibility pepper and . The Getting there The Banda Sea is a region within the the island of Sulawesi and north of Dutch eventually acquired all of Our eight-day voyage began and of observing other pelagic migrants such as Indonesian archipelago, located in Timor Island. This secluded body of Indonesia and governed the nation ended in Ambon, which is the capital manta rays, false killer whales, leatherback , between the Indian water contains dozens of volcanic until the end of World War II, when the city of the province at the sea turtles and the pygmy blue whale. My and Pacific Oceans. It is situated islands in an area covering over Indonesian people were ultimately northern end of the Banda Sea. Daily efforts would not go unrewarded. south of the , east of 180,000 sq mi (470,000 sq km). granted their independence. To this local flights exist from several desti-

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CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: At Ambon, a pair of white-eyed moray eels pok- ing their heads out from beneath a ledge, a yellow and red shortfin lionfish, a pale yellow leaf scorpion- fish resting on the reef, an ornate ghost pipefish cam- ouflaged against a patch of sea grass, and a mat- ing pair of solar-powered Phyllodesmium nudibranchs perched on a sponge

nations within Indonesia, includ- muck div- frogfish but instead was ing Bali, , Makassar and ing desti- treated to several leaf Manado. Upon arrival, my dive nations on scorpionfish, multiple partner and I transferred to our the planet. seahorses, zebra crabs liveaboard dive boat anchored Divers will and Coleman shrimp on in the bay, as it is the only way to often visit fire urchins, a cute baby access this out-of-the-way desti- for a week barramundi, mating solar- nation. The Solitude Adventurer, a or more powered nudibranchs, Suanggi Island pinnacles covered in large coral recently renovated, spacious and to experi- ornate ghost pipefish, After dinner, we departed formations and huge pink barrel stable 118ft (36m) long aluminum ence as many of the weird and buoyancy, knock off the rust and a painted frogfish and a pair of Ambon’s harbor and made an sponges, as well as the afore- catamaran, would be our home wonderful critters that exist here work on photographing those white-eyed moray eels—quite overnight crossing to Suanggi mentioned curious hammer- for the next week. as possible. Our travel plan only spectacular macro subjects. I the impressive array of species, Island, arriving in time for an early heads, this was our first taste of Ambon is famous in and of itself allotted time for two check-out had grand illusions of finding the and not a bad consolation prize, morning dive at a site called what the Banda Sea had to offer. as one of the top macro and dives with which to dial in our endemic and rare psychedelic especially for check-out dives. Jackpot. Home to deep-water Our second immersion of the

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Mixture of hard and soft corals creating an “underwater city- NAUI Mobile provides NAUI members and NAUI divers (public scape” (above) and brown booby bird (right) at Island users) the ability to view their online CORE (Certifications;O nline training; Resources; and Educational material) profile. Both members morning was on a nearby wall mammoth sea fans, and divers gain access to their certifications and digital c-Cards (if at a site called Ping Pong. We more impressive purchased or bundled with original course) as well as various dive encountered several hawksbill sponges and several tools to assist with dive planning. sea turtles cruising over the coral sea turtles. formations, had our first of many sightings of an olive sea snake, Manuk Island Members Gain Access to: an elusive bumphead wrasse We awoke at Manuk • Membership Information; made a brief appearance and Island the next morn- • Digital Credential Card as membership is active; and there were plenty of massive ing a little later than expected mother ship was not advisable • Membership Resources (e.g. Standards and Policies Manual, Risk sponges, some too large to because rough seas dictated a and nor could the RHIBs navigate Management Handbook, as well as various regularly utilized forms) effectively photograph properly slower-than-usual passage, as we safely through the waves to get without my fisheye lens. departed the Banda Islands for around the island themselves. During our surface interval, the Forgotten Islands. The wind Similar to the previous after- the boat motored to nearby and waves that had picked up noon, we wisely elected to Island where we made two overnight were also contributing anchor on the leeward side of exploratory dives in the after- to choppy sea conditions around the island and spent the day div- noon. Sea conditions prevented Manuk that were not conducive ing a site called Coconut Corner. us from accessing the normal to responsibly launch divers in The visibility was not ideal due dive sites around the island, so small inflatable boats. The cata- to the turbulent seas, but this we anchored in a more pro- maran was capable of cutting site boasted some of the largest tected area and dived sloping through the swell to get to the hard coral formations I had seen Questions? walls inundated with hard coral premier dive sites, but board- to date in my nearly 30 years formations and schooling fusiliers, ing the skiffs from alongside the of diving experience. Amazing +1 (813) 628-6284 | [email protected] | www.naui.org

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At Manuk Island, large sponges and orange soft corals decorate the reef (left), an olive sea snake swims over the hard coral reef (below), a diver hovers over a massive aggregation of Acropora sp. plate cor- als (bottom right) and an aerial view captures the moment scuba travel divers back-roll off an inflatable RHIB into the water (lower left)

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interlaced with sea fans, K leather corals and both green and purple elephant ear sponges. Manuk Island is also famously known for its considerable number of olive sea snakes and we saw copious amounts on every dive, along with a few banded sea kraits thrown in for good meas- ure. Both species breathe air and each trip to the surface for oxygen puts them at risk of predation, so it should not be surpris- ing that the snakes use snakes emerge from under and spotted both hawks- every bit of cover they an arm or between a pair bill and green sea turtles, can find to conceal them- of legs while traveling to a small school of bluefin selves when venturing and from the surface or trevally, numerous jacks out in the open. Perhaps simply while inspecting and triggerfish hunting on also exploiting the body their new neighbors. the reef and a colorful, heat we humans emit, We made three dives at juvenile rockmover wrasse divers are often startled as this site throughout the day in constant motion, doing

16 X-RAY MAG : 100 : 2020 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Large school of horse-eye jack fish, or big-eye jacks (left) and large pink barrel sponge, elephant ear sponge and orange soft corals with the bright green black sun corals on travel reef (bottom right) at the volcanic island of Serua (below) Banda Sea

its best to stay hidden and avoid a site called Kekah’s Corner. or walls of sharks, and at other times, being photographed. The topography beneath the waves appeared alone or in small groups, consisted of a sloping wall of corals cruising along the wall or navigating Forgotten Islands with occasional barrel sponges and the shallows. As it had seemingly been Departing Manuk, we headed south- a shallow coral garden at the top of throughout our trip, the visibility was not west toward the Forgotten Islands of the reef. Water temperatures were ideal, and on this particular day, the Serua and Kekah for another over- a few degrees cooler than earlier in topside overcast conditions contribut- night transit. The wind and waves the trip and several degrees cooler ed to a very dark underwater environ- gradually subsided throughout the below the thermocline that material- ment for photography. evening, allowing for faster cruis- ized between 60-90 ft (18-27m). There We saw hammerheads on every ing speeds and a much more restful was also a steady, nutrient-rich current dive, but as luck would have it, I was night’s sleep. that turned most dives into a pleasant, either not able to get close enough to Serua is a relatively large island with albeit hazy, drift. capture them or did not see them until multiple volcanic cinder cones, one they were already past me. On one of which is still belching steam. Kekah, Scalloped hammerheads dive, I spent the first 45 minutes staring located just adjacent, is so minuscule The main attraction at Kekah’s Corner off into the blue, waiting in vain for the it barely appears on the map. The this time of year is the consistent pres- sharks to appear, and then was sadly Adventurer anchored in a small pro- ence of scalloped hammerhead oblivious to a hammerhead swimming tected cove behind Kekah Island and sharks. They were seen at depth, often by only a few feet away, when I had we proceeded to make four dives at below the thermocline, in large schools finally let a hawksbill sea turtle distract

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At Serua Island, a large school of scalloped hammerhead sharks swim in murky deep water along the sheer reef wall (above), a yel- low-lipped sea snake hunts for food on the coral reef (top right), a large cuttlefish swims over soft and hard corals (right), and a large black­ spotted moray eel, also known as a honeycomb or leopard moray, peeks out of its den (left).

of the reef expanded dramati- cally with the addition of sun- light, and it seemed we were diving an entirely different site as we relished four more chances to swim with the sharks. Descending for our first dive, I noticed that the hazy visibility had somewhat improved over- night but would still be present- ing challenges—most notably, the inability to see the ham- scenes I had captured the day before, hovering in the shallows. I photographed me for a photo. next morning, I photographed a spec- merheads coming from far off, contrast- all the while keeping one eye in the blue several sea snakes throughout the day Fortunately, we had the flexibility of an tacular sunrise as it sprung up from behind ed with the need to be in their immedi- for the hammerheads. and a massive honeycomb eel, poorly extra day on our itinerary and a group Serua Island. Over time, the sky transi- ate vicinity for clear photos. Wanting to We came across the same distracting hidden under a small coral head. decision was easily made to stay for tioned into a beautiful, sunny blue with take advantage of the gorgeous sun- sea turtle from the day before and dis- On one dive, the current swept us far- added time with the hammerheads. The intermittent puffy, white clouds. The colors light, I attempted to reshoot several reef covered a sizable broadclub cuttlefish ther than normal down the reef and we

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Diver with mushroom leather corals, a purple sea fan and orange soft corals on the reef at Hatta Island (above); Aerial view of the massive submerged coral reef at Karang Hatta (top right); Large colony of mushroom leather corals growing near the surface, with Snell's window overhead (right); Octopus blow- ing sand as it emerges from a crevice in the coral reef (left)

saw the heart-wrenching destruc- from a distant neigh- tion that dynamite fishing had boring island. inflicted on the environment. Hammerheads Healthy, vibrant corals were were again witnessed reduced to a field of broken rub- on every dive, and I ble that would take years, if not personally saw them decades, to rebuild—an entire on three of four but mini-ecosystem destroyed in the regrettably, I never short-sighted goal of the few fish managed to got close enough ed a 12-hour crossing back to this colossal crescent-shaped that floated to the surface after for a publishable photograph. the Banda Islands. Favorable tail reef system is exposed at low the explosion. According to the winds and calmer seas made for tide and features colorful coral Kekah’s village chief, the devas- Hatta Island a smooth ride up to the shallow, walls with schooling jacks and tation was caused by a desper- The boat pulled anchor soon submerged reef called Karang fusilier fish, immense elephant ate act of struggling fishermen after our last dive, and we start- Hatta. Just south of Hatta Island, ear sponges and huge sea fans.

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Diver in silhouette with pink barrel sponges growing on the side of a sheer wall at Island (above); Local children paddle a canoe (left).

branching corals. her silhouetted in the hole while fram- After two dives, we ing a large sea fan in the foreground. transitioned up to Our dive guide, Eme, was instrumental Hatta Island and made in preparing us in advance for what to our third dive of the expect and after several attempts, with day at a site called numerous hand signal adjustments, I Goa Hatta. Also known was very excited with the results (see as Hole in the Wall, this title page). dive begins with a ver- tical descent through a Banda Neira Island gap in the reef, which Departing Hatta, we made the short opens up to a wall trek up to Banda Neira Island where covered in large sea we anchored in the protected harbor I saw several moray eels, an octopus fans, barrel sponges, black sun corals for the night. Our last dive of the day out hunting in the daylight, plentiful and colonies of leather corals. I spent a was at twilight on the other side of the reef fish and a cute baby whitetip good bit of time working with my dive anchorage in anticipation of observ- reef shark swimming amongst the buddy and underwater model to get ing mating mandarinfish. Hovering Aggregation of butterflyfish and triggerfish on colorful coral reef at Banda Neira Island (above); Aerial view of the eastern edge of Banda Island with its volcano visible in the background (top right)

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At Banda Neira Island, a diver hovers over a huge hard coral bommie at Lava Flow dive site (above) where a color- ful reef can be found (right), a pair of big pink barrel sponges grow near the base of a sheer wall (top right), and a large yellow-green map pufferfish swims amongst an aggregation of redtooth triggerfish and pyramid butterflyfish (left).

to the far eastern edge of the island to dive a spot called Pohon Miring. Dropping into the water near a handful of local fishermen in wooden canoes, we descended down a wall with massive elephant ear and barrel sponges to find a swim-through at 80ft (24m), which near the edge of a field of stag- Mandarinfish complete this ritual was lined with colorful sea fans. The horn corals, we witnessed several every night at dusk, though divers current picked up as we rounded males displaying and posturing for do not always get to see the entire the next corner, accelerating the the females in hopes of pairing off mating behavior. remainder of the dive, and we fin- for a frantic rush up into the water The next morning, after our sec- ished our safety stop secured by column to release eggs and sperm. ond night at anchor, we shifted reef hooks in a coral garden at the

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School of chromis fish swimming over a field of staghorn corals at Banda Neira Island (above); A green and black giant clam at Serua Island (right)

top of the wall. the most impressive hard coralscapes A short distance away sits an off- I have ever seen. We were informed shore exposed rock that was to be that scientists are in fact studying this our second dive of the day. Known reef to try and discover the keys to as Batu Kapal, or Ship Rock, this site its mind-blowing recovery in hopes has multiple underwater pinnacles, of replicating the formula at other which are covered in aggrega- reef systems across the globe. There tions of reef fish, sea fans, sponges, were immense fields of staghorn orange soft corals and large colonies corals, incredible plate coral forma- of black sun corals. Following the tions, colorful expanses of lettuce dive, the liveaboard anchored back corals, large pink barrel sponges in the harbor at Banda Neira, and and schools of chromis swimming we used the skiffs to access our last amongst it all. dive of the day. A volcanic eruption in 1988 deci- Topside excursion mated the existing reef, as molten After a quick shower and rinse of lava ran from the top of the cinder the dive gear, we boarded the skiffs cone all the way down to the shore- to transfer across the harbor for a line and into the ocean. Since that land tour of Banda Neira. Once on time, at a dive site now called Lava land, we were met by a local tour School of yellowtail fusilier fish swim above a colorful coral reef and a large, pink bar- Flow, the corals have repopulated, guide who took us to a museum filled rel sponge (above) at Banda Neira Island where one can see the lava flow from an erup- flourished and exploded into one of with artifacts, paintings and histori- tion in 1988, extending from the top of the volcanic cinder cone into the ocean (top left).

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Panoramic aerial view of Bobooi Island off the southern tip of and the surrounding shallow coral reefs (above); Aggregation of anthias and chromis fish swimming above a hard coral reef at Island (left)

cal drawings depicting life in the Banda by an additional barrier wall, which Island. We dropped in at a site called Islands during the time of the early Dutch has defensible columns at each of the Ameth to a stunning wall of corals that settlement. Sadly, the treatment of the five corners. The fort now serves as a transitioned into a coral garden on the locals was not always kind, similar to the tourist attraction and is largely empty white sandy bottom, all of which was history of other invading nations around except for a handful of bats roosting in teeming with schools of chromis and the globe. One painting in the muse- the sleeping quarters. On our way back fusiliers. The mild current was just strong um actually depicted barbaric public through town, we shopped for spices, enough to make for a pleasant drift dive beheadings and dismemberments of dried fish, fruits and pastries at various and keep all of the reef fish swimming in the natives at the hands of mercenary market stalls before returning to the live- unison above the corals. Samurai warriors as a means to maintain aboard for an elaborate BBQ dinner of power and control. grilled chicken, pork and shrimp served Bobooi Island The tour continued through town and on the upper deck under the stars. A short ride later, we arrived at Bobooi up into the hills where we witnessed the Island to complete our final dive just local farming of almonds, nutmeg and Nusa Laut Island offshore on a small, shallow coral out- cloves. At the top of the hill, we came One more overnight crossing followed, cropping known as Pombobooi. The site upon , which was built by as we pulled anchor after dinner to boasted similar coral structures and reef the Dutch in 1611 to protect their colony continue the trek north back towards fish to our morning dive, though I was and also serve as a jail. The pentagon- Ambon. Our last day of diving began more impressed with the panoramic shaped brick fortress is fully surrounded in the early morning hours at Nusa Laut aerial view of the island I captured with

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Olive sea snake (left) and aggre- gation of leopard anemones living on the skeleton of a sea fan (far left) at Serua Island

my drone. the group that came on board immediately The remainder of the afternoon was spent after us jumped into clear waters with a motoring to Ambon’s harbor, where once manta ray, false killer whales and hammer- anchored, we enjoyed a spectacular steak head sharks on their very first dive! dinner with the guests and crew on our last The Banda Sea is a spectacular place to night together. The evening was spent shar- explore, and I hope you get the opportunity ing stories and packing gear in preparation to experience it for yourself. I am very much for the next morning’s departure. looking forward to a return visit. The pygmy blue whales and leatherback sea turtles are Afterthoughts still out there waiting for us.  Time always goes too quickly on these adventures, and eight days disappeared The author would like to thank Solitude into the rearview mirror far faster than Liveaboards and Resorts (Solitude.world) for seemed possible. It was an absolute privi- hosting this excursion and the crew of the lege to have the opportunity to dive in this Solitude Adventurer for taking such good remote and unspoiled place, and I was very care of us. Thanks also go to Scubapro thankful to become acquainted with all the (scubapro.com) and Blue Abyss Photo highlights of the Banda Sea, even if Mother (blueabyssphoto.com) for their assistance Nature did not always provide optimal pho- with underwater dive and photo gear. tographic opportunities—so goes the cruel irony of divers’ quests for pelagic creatures Matthew Meier is a professional underwater and the prospect of perfect conditions with photographer and travel writer based in San plentiful interactions that keeps us coming Diego, California, USA. To see more of his back. In a perfect example of the “you- work and to order photo prints, please visit: should-have-been-here-last-week” scenario, matthewmeierphoto.com. Large pink barrel sponge, elephant ear sponge and orange soft corals contrast with the bright green black sun corals at Serua Island.

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fact file Minangkabau 2.7%, of your trip is generally recom- Indonesia Buginese 2.7%, mended. Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Health Please check with your Balinese 1.7%, state department or local embas- Acehnese 1.4%, sy for the latest travel restrictions RIGHT: Location of Banda Dayak 1.4%, Sasak due to the coronavirus pandemic. Sea on global map 1.3%, Chinese 1.2% There is a high degree of risk for SOURCES: US CIA WORLD FACTBOOK, CDC.GOV, BELOW: Location of Banda (2010 est). Religions: food or waterborne diseases such STATE.TRAVEL.US, WIKIPEDIA.ORG, XE.COM Sea on map of Indonesia Muslim 87.2%, as bacterial diarrhoea, hepatitis A Protestant 7%, Roman and E, and typhoid fever, as well History Indonesia had been only accessible Catholic 2.9%, Hindu 1.7% as vectorborne diseases such as inhabited for thousands of years by liveaboard THAILAND VIETNAM PHILIPPINES (2010 est). Note: Indonesia chikungunya, dengue fever and South prior to traders from dive boat, is the country with the malaria. Check with the WHO or arriving in the 1500s hoping to whose season is Sea largest population of your dive operator for prophalaxis NORTH monopolize the of typically during BRUNEI Muslims in the world. recommendations and required MALAYSIA PACIFIC nutmeg, cloves and pepper from the months of Medan Celebes OCEAN Visitors are encouraged vaccines. Bring insect repellents MALAYSIA Sea the Banda Islands. Their efforts September and Borneo to respect local tradi- containing DEET. International proved unsuccessful as more mer- October, though Pekanbaru SINGAPORE tions and dress modestly. Certificate of Vaccination required Equator PAPUA chants from the and boats will travel M Internet users: 65,525,226 for yellow fever if arriving from an Sumatra Biak NEW O West GUINEA Britain joined the trade routes, through the Kalimantan Sulawesi Papua or 25.4% (July 2016 est.) infected area within five days. Banarmasin L before ultimately, the Dutch East area at other U Papua India Company took control in times of the C Ambon Language The offi- Hyperbaric chamber C the early 1600s. The Dutch regu- year. Coastline: JAKARTA Makassar A cial language is Bahasa The nearest chamber to the Banda lated the spice trade and slowly 54,716km. Banda Sea S Indonesia, though English, Sea is in Makassar or Manado. extended their grip over all of Bandung Surbaya Dutch and over 700 local Both are located on the island of INDIAN Arafura Indonesia in the following centu- The Denpasar TIMOR-LESTE dialects are also spoken. Sulawesi and would require an Climate OCEAN Kupang Sea ries. During WWII, the Japanese climate is tropical Timor English is generally spoken evacuation by sea or air. forcibly gained control of the year-round with Sea in tourist areas. Makassar: Rumah Sakit Umum

archipelago and after the war, on a rainy season DOMAIN / PUBLIC WORLD FACTBOOK US CIA AUSTRALIA Wahidin Sudirohusodo 17 August 1945, the Indonesian from December Voltage Electricity is Tel: +62 0411 (584677) or 584675 people proclaimed their inde- to March and a dry season from wastewater are challenges in rap- Currency Indonesian Rupiah 220 Volts/50 Hz and the plugs Manado: Malalayang Hospital pendence, which was not formal- July to September, though rain can idly growing urban areas. (IDR). Credit cards are accepted have two prongs, identical to the Tel: +62 0811 430913 ly recognized by the Dutch until fall any time of year. Air tempera- on board and at larger hotels EU. Many resorts and liveaboards December 1949. Government: tures range from 22 to 33°C (72 Economy dollars from and resorts, but ATMs and banks have installed universal sockets, Travel/Visa/Security Republic. Capital: Jakarta. to 90°F) and water temperatures scuba diving, along with fishing are difficult to find outside of so inquire as to whether an adap- Please check with your state de- range from 25 to 29°C (77 to 84°F). and spice sales, account for the major cities. Exchange rates: tor is needed. partment for the latest travel ad- Geography The Indonesian A 3mm or 5mm wetsuit is recom- majority of income generated in 1USD=14.55IDR; 1EUR=17.14IDR; visories and restrictions due to the archipelago is comprised of mended depending on the season, the Banda islands. Also known as 1GBP=18.77IDR; 1AUD=10.40IDR; Cuisine The food on board the coronavirus pandemic. A passport over 17,000 islands in Southeast as is a hooded vest. the Spice Islands, they once were 1SGD=10.57IDR liveaboard is a mixture of tradi- is required for entry into Indonesia Asia between the Indian Ocean the sole producers of the spices tional Indonesian fare, Asian and and must be valid for at least six and the Pacific Ocean. Located Environmental­ issues nutmeg and mace. Indonesia is Population 267,026,366 (July international cuisine that can be months past your departure date. within the archipelago, the Challenges include heavy smog Southeast Asia's largest economy. 2020 est.), making Indonesia the tailored to meet any dietary con- For visiting foreigners, a visa and Banda Sea is situated south of caused by wildfires associated Challenges the country contin- fourth largest country in the world. straints. The meals are frequent, health certificate may be required. the Maluku Islands, and southeast with large-scale deforestation, ues to face include poverty and With a populace of only 18,544 delicious and the portions plentiful. Visa-on-arrival services may be of the island of Sulawesi. It con- which is often illegal; overfish- unemployment, an infrastructure (2010 Census), the Banda Islands suspended. tains dozens of volcanic islands, ing and exploitation of marine that is inadequate, corruption, accounts for a very small portion Tipping Tipping is expected many of which are uninhabited resources; and water pollution complicated regulations and une- of that population. Ethnic groups: on liveaboard dive boats and Websites and extremely remote, occupy- from industrial waste and sewage. qual resource distribution amongst Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese each establishment has their own Indonesia Travel ing a total area of 180,000 sq mi Air pollution, traffic and manag- its regions. 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, guidelines and suggestions. A tip indonesia.travel/gb/en/home (470,000 sq km). The Banda Sea is ment of garbage, water and Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, of 10 to 15 percent of the value

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