Cole mania, 5:1-24 27 December 1988

A new coffee aphid predator, with notes on other Oriental species of Paragus (Diptera: Syrphidae)

F. Christian Thompson Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, NHB -168, Washington, D. C. 20560, U. S. A. Kumar Ghorpade Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, NHB -169, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560, U. S. A.

ABSTRACT. Fourteen Oriental species of Paragus Latreille are treated and keyed. The following three species of the subgenus Paragus s. str. are described as new: annandalei Ghorpade, sp. nov. (northwest Himalayas), brachycerus (Malaya, Java), and sluckenbergi (Philippines) Thompson, spp. nov.; and also two species of the subgenus Pandasyoplhalmus Sluckenberg: goeldlini (Timor), and villipennis (Malaya, Sumatra, Java) Thompson, spp. nov. Paragus (Paragus) brachycerus Thompson, sp. nov. is recorded as a new predator of the coffee aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), from Java; and its puparium figured. Some olhecjiew and known prey (and flower) records of Paragus spp^ arealso included. Male- tcrminalia of all new species and of alratus de Meijere, politus Wiedemann, and rufocinclus (Brunelti) are illustrated. Leclotypes are designated for Paragus alratus de Meijere, P. laliusculus Walker and P. politus Wiedemann. Paragus keiseri van der Goot is a new junior synonym of P. politus Wiedemann. Tentative synonymies are proposed for Paragus politus Wiedemann (= ? Piphella indica Brunelti, ? Paragus rufiventris Brunetti), and Paragus rufocinclus (Brunetti) (= ? Paragus abrogans Goeldlin de Tiefenau). Graptomyza laliuscula (Walker) (from Paragus) is proposed as a new combination. Paragus quadrifascialus Meigen is a new record for the Indian subcontinent and that of P. bicolor (Fabricius) from there is confirmed.

Introduction [Palaearctic Region — 14 species (Sack, 1929: 131-138), Nearctic — two species (Wirth etal., Paragus Latreille, until recently, was 1965: 577-578), Afrotropical — five species (Bezzi, considered a small genus of aphid predators. 1915: 11-15), Oriental — four species (Kertesz, Only a few widespread species — bicolor 1910: 1-8), and Neotropical — one species (Fluke, (Fabricius) (Holarctic), serratus (Fabricius) 1957: 18-19), for a total of 21 species as of the (Palaeotropical) and tibialis (Fallen) (Neogaean) — 1950s]. and some rare and restricted ones, were recognised Stuckenberg (1954a, 1954b) revised the Afrotropical and Oriental (serratus-gtoup only) Manuscript accepted: 14 August 1987. species, discovering that the so-called widespread Correspondent-author: Dr F. Christian Thompson. Present address: Dr Kumar Ghorpade, P. O. Box 2564, and common species, serratus of authors, was a 123 Brigade Road, Bangalore 560 025, India. complex of seven species of more restricted ranges. In this paper, the letters 'm' and 'f' are used for male and female, Stuckenberg used male terminalia, wing respectively. The abbreviation ml = meters. microtrichia, and body punctation, along with the

NB: Published for the purposes of Zoological Nomenclature on 14 March 1992, the date the senior author received his only copy. Smithsonian Libraries received their copy on 19 March 1992. How many other copies were distributed and to whom is unknown. F. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON & KUMAR GHORPADE [Colemania 5 more traditional character of color, to separate MCSNG Museo Civico de Storia "Giacomo Doria", Genoa, these species. The European species were revised Italy (R.Poggi). through a similar approach by Goeldlin de MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Tiefenau (1971, 1974, 1976). He, likewise, found University, Cambridge, U.S.A. (J.C. Scott). that the common and widespread "species", MNHN Museum National d'Hisloire Naturelle, Paris, France bicolor and tibialis of authors, were (L. Matile). species-complexes. Vockeroth (1986) revised the New World fauna of Paragus and showed that MZL Musee Zoologique, Lausanne, Switzerland (P. Goeldlin de Tiefenau). bicolor (Fabricius) and tibialis (Fallen) did not occur there, but that "bicolor''' of American authors NMB Nalurhislorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland (C. was a complex of seven other species and that Baroni Urbani). "tibialis" of American authors was the Holarctic NMW Naturhislorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria (R. species, haemorrhous Meigen. The status of tibialis Lichtenberg - Contreras). and bicolor of authors in the Orient is reviewed here. NRS Naturhistoriska Riksmuseel, Stockholm, Sweden (P.I. The following acronyms are used for Persson). depositories cited in this paper, and the names of PLC Personal collection of Pavel Laska, Olomouc, curators who handled the loans to us are placed in Czechoslovakia. parentheses: SEM Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, Lawrence, U.S.A. (G.W. Byers). U.S.A. (P.W. Wygodzinsky). TNAU Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, ANIC Australian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth India (T. Kumaraswami). Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, USNM U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Canberra City, Australia (D.H. Colless). Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, U.S.A. BMNH British Museum (Natural History), London, U.K. (B.H. Coganand K.G.V. Smith). UZM Universitetets Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark (L. Lyneborg and B. Petersen). BPBM Bemice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, ZFMAK Zoologisches Forschungsinstilut und Museum U.S.A. (W.A. Sleffan). Alexander Koenig, Bonn, West Germany (H. Ulrich) BPIM Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, ZMUH Zoological Museum of the University, Helsinki, Manila, The Philippines (S.I. Bayubay). Finland (W. Hackman and B. Lindeberg). CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, ZSI Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India (T.N. U.S.A. (P.H. AmaudJr). Ananthakrishnan, A.K. Ghosh, A.N.T. Joseph and CIBCP Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, B.K.Tikader). Pakistan Station, Rawalpindi, Pakistan (M.A. Ghani).

CNM Colombo National Museum, Department of National Genus PARAGUS Latreille Museums, Sri Lanka (P.H.D.H. de Silva). Paragus Latreille, 1804: 194. Type-species: Syrphus bicolor Fabricius (by monotypy). CUIC Cornell University Insect Collection, Ithaca, U.S.A. (L.L. Pechuman). Paragus is the only genus of the tribe Paragini, and has been treated well by Stuckenberg (1954a, ILRI Indian Lac Research Institute, Namkum, Ranchi, 1954b), DuSek & Laska (1967: 22), Vockeroth India (R.S. Gokulpure). (1969: 12; 1986), and Goeldlin de Tiefenau (1976). IRSNB Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelies de Belgique, The immature stages of some species have been Brussels, Belgium (P. Vanschuylbroeck). described by Metcalf (1911, 1913), Bhatia & Shaffi ITZ Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Zoologisch (1933), Heiss (1938), Dixon (1960), Dusek & Laska Museum, Universiteil van Amsterdam, The (1967), Tao & Chin (1971), Tawfik et al. (1974), Netherlands (T. van Leeuwen). and Goeldlin de Tiefenau (1974). Okuno (1967), KGC Personal collection of Kumar Ghorpade, Bangalore, Laska & Stary (1980), and Ghorpade(l981) listed India. the prey [mainly Homoptera: Aphididae, but also 1985-88] NOTES ON ORIENTAL PARAGUS (DIPTERA : SYRPHIDAE)

Adelgidae (Narayanan et al., 1967), Delphacidae - Abdomen more densely and coarsely punctate, punctures (new record here), and Psyllidae (Mathur, 1935)] of as large as largest ommatidium and separated by about twice their diameters; paramere simple, without a hook Japanese, Czechoslovak, and Indian Paragus (Fig. 9) (Malay peninsula, Java) species, respectively. Agarwala et al. (1984) gave a brachycerus Thompson, sp. nov. few published records for "serratus" and "tibialis" from India. Other prey records of Indian species of 7. Wing extensively bare, with almost all of costal, basal and Paragus are mentioned under the appropriate anal cells bare (Fig. 1) : 8 species below. DuSek et al. (1979: 370) listed - Wing extensively microtrichose, with costal, basal and Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: anal cells almost entirely microtrichose (Fig. 2) (Malay Ichneumonidae) as a parasitoid of Paragus peninsula, Sumatra, Java) ..villipennis Thompson, sp. nov. quadrifascialus Meigen. 8. Male: Paramere greatly enlarged, produced and curved dorsally, more than twice as long as surstylus (Fig. 18), Key to Oriental species of Paragus* fourth sternum with posterior margin emarginate and ventrally produced to accomodate externally visible 1. Scutellum black, without a serrate margin; eye pile parameres; Female: Ventral 'genital opening' formed by uniform and unicolorous 2 eighth tergum and seventh sternum, wide, rounded oval, % Scutellum yellow apically; eye with alternating fasciae of or equal length of fifth sternum (Pakistan, northern India, thick opaque white and thin translucent pale pile 9 Nepal, ? Bhutan, China. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines) politus Wiedemann 2. Face entirely yellow, rarely brownish medially (females with brownish black median vitta); abdomen dark, entirely - Male: Paramere small, not produced dorsally, subequal to black, or third tcrgum with narrow yellow spots 3 surstylus (see Gocldlin de Tiefenau, 1976: Fig. 1). fourth sternum with posterior margin truncate; Female: Ventral - Face with median black villa; if vitta weak, then abdomen genital opening' narrow, transverse slit, shorter than Vl extensively red 7 length of fifth sternum (? Iran, ? Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Burma, ? China) rufocinctus (Bruneiti) 3. Spurious vein short, ending before junction of fourth vein and subapical crossvein (Fig. 1); hind tibia with a broad 9 Scutellum with a serrate posterior margin^^^^....^^^^7^lO subapical black annulus 5 Scutellum with a smooth posterior margin 13 - Spurious vein long, extending beyond junction of fourth vein and subapical crossvein (Fig. 2); hind tibia orange, 10. First tergum nearly all black, especially behind transverse rarely with a slight apical brownish tinge, never with a ridge, only narrowly reddish on posterior margin; wing black annulus 4 nearly completely bare, hyaline, with only a few scattered microtrichia apically; fore femur without black markings, 4. Wing extensively bare, with almost all of costal, basal and even at base (India, Nepal, Sri Lanka) anal cells bare (Timor) goeldiini Thompson, sp. nov. yerburiensis Stuckenberg

- Wing extensively microtrichose, with costal, basal and - First abdominal tergum extensively reddish medially, not anal cells microtrichose on apical half or more (Malay black (partially in some specimens) behind transverse peninsula to New Guinea) atralus de Mcijere ridge; fore femur variably black or not at all 11

5. Terga all black; fore and middle tibiae with middle Vi or 11. Large species (7.3-9.0 mm); antenna longer than face; fore less brownish black; female frons shining black 6 femur wholly brownish yellow and while, with no black markings; hind tibia with very little or no dark brown Third tergum with a pair of triangular or arcuate narrow (southern and eastern India, ? Nepal, Sri Lanka) yellow spots anteriorly; fore and middle tibiae orange auritus Stuckenberg yellow; female frons with a pair of white pollinose spots anteriorly, contiguous to eye margin (northwest - Smaller species (5.1-6.8 mm); antenna as long as face; fore Himalayas) .annandalei Ghorpadc, sp. nov. femur at least basally brownish black or black; hind tibia with dark brown subapical annulus 12 6. Abdomen sparsely and finely punctate, punctures smaller than largest ommatidium and separated by about 4x their 12. Wing suffuse yellowish brown at least in costal cells; hind diameters; paramere with a large apicoventral hook (Fig. femur almost entirely dark brown; mesonolal pile long; 11) (Philippines) jluckenbergi Thompson, sp. nov. abdomen with many conspicuous, reclinate black hairs (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Burma, China, Thailand, * We have not included Paragus haemorrkous Meigen and have Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, not treated much material from China south of the Yangtze-Kiang Taiwan,?New Guinea, ? Australia) River, in this paper. crenulatus Thomson F.CHRISTIAN THOMPSON & KUMAR GHORPADE [Colemania 5

Wing hyaline, never suffused with yellowish brown; hind (key reference, description; India, Java); Reiser, 1952: 154 femur yellow, with narrow dark brownish annulus; (Sumba; Timor record applies to goeldlini); Knutson et al., mesonotal pile short; abdomen with black hairs sparse and 1975:328 (catalog citation; India: Uttar Pradesh; Java, very inconspicuous (? Afghanistan, Pakistan, India) Malaya, Sumatra, Sumbawa, Timor, New Guinea); serratus (Fabricius) Ghorpade, 1981*: 64 (misidentification ?; prey from Indian subcontinent); Datta & Chakraborti, 1984: 245 13. Wing extensively bare, costal and basal cells bare, basal V4 (misidentification; Jammu & Kashmir). or more of apical, discal, cubital and anal cells bare; female seventh tergum with a pair of prominent tubercles De Meijere mentioned only a single male in his (Europe, Middle East, India: Kashmir) original description, but there are two identically quadrifasciatus Mcigen labeled types in his collection [ITZ], I (FCT) Wing extensively microtrichose, apical V% or more of consider the "1" in the original description to be an costal cell microtrichose; apical V4 of basal cells error. Both syntypes are now without heads, microtrichose; apical, discal and cubital cells microtrichose; female seventh tergum without tubercles although when I first studied them in 1974 they had (Europe, Middle East, Pakistan, India: Kashmir) heads. I have designated one of the syntype males as bicolor (Fabricius) the lectotype and have so labeled it.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lectotype male (present Subgenus Pandasyopthalmus Stuckenberg designation), labeled "Manokwari, 15 Mei '03", "Paragus atratus Paragus subgenus Pandasyopthalmus Stuckenberg, 1954a: 100. n. sp.. Type, de Meijere del '04". "TYPE" (red label) [ITZ]. Type-species: Paragus longivenlris Loew (by original Paralectotype male, same data as for lectotype [ITZ]. designation). Other specimens: 11m 6f. Malaysia: Johore, Bontians, 27.xi.1967, 1m If [USNM]. Singapore: 2m {Cf. Baker) The synonymy of the Oriental species of this [USNM]. Indonesia: JAVA: 1m (Jacobson) [ITZ]; WEST subgenus is questionable due to the inaccessibility SUMBA: Pogobina, 16.ix.1949, 1m If (Expedition Buhler-Suller); EAST SUMBA: Baing, valley of Wai Lekabe, 28.vi. 1949, lm If of some of the types. Previous workers considered (Expedition Buhler-Sulter); [NMB]; CENTRAL SUMBA: only Paragus libialis (Fallen) to be widespread and Lokojengo, 22-26.ix.1949, 4m 2f (Expedition Buhler-Suller); common, and synonymised the locally described AMBOINA: vi.1908, lm If (F. Muir) [AMNH]. species under iMtmmtrParaguJiibidlis (Fallen) DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia, Indonesia does not occur in the Orient, where four species (Sumatra, Java, Sumbawa, Sumba, Timor, of the subgenus Pandasyopthalmus [this is the Amboina), Singapore, New Guinea. Brunetti's correct original spelling] occur: Paragus rufocinctus "second male" (see Brunetti, 1923: 34) in the Indian (Brunetti) is widespread in the Indian subregion Museum [ = ZSI] collection, from "Bijrani, Naini including Sri Lanka but absent from the other islands; Tal District, base of W. Himalayas, 19.iii.1910", politus Wiedemann is common and widespread was not found by me (KG) and the catalog entry throughout (except in peninsular India and Sri Lanka); (Knutson et al., 1975: 328) from "India [Uttar goeldlini Thompson, sp. nov. in Timor, and villipennis Pradesh]" needs to be verified. Datta & Thompson, sp. nov. in the Malay peninsula, Sumatra Chakraborti's (1984: 245) specimens from and Java. On the basis of these distributions, the Udhampur and Bijbihara in Jammu & Kashmir various names for which I (FCT) have not been able to (India) were misidentified as atratus: they are study types are tentatively synonymised. While this annandalei Ghorpade, sp. nov. (q.v.) (KG) synonymy is dubious, it is of little consequence as all [Map 1]. the names synonymised are junior to any of the valid names used. PREY RECORD: Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (see Ghorpade, 1981: 64). This record, Paragus atratus dc Meijere from an unknown locality in India, is questionable and (Fig. 13) * Subsequent references included for species in this paper are Paragus atratus de Meijere, 1906: 85. Lectotype male, generally those not cited in Brunetti (1923) and Ghorpade (1981), Manokwari, New Guinea; here designatcd[ITZ: which should also be consulted. A more complete review of examined]. SUBSEQUENT REFERENCES*: Brunetti, literature will be included in a future revision of Oriental 1915: 202 (Bijrani, Naini Tal District; Java), 1923*: 33 F. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON & KUMAR GHORPADE [Colemania 5

Paragus tibialis: Ghorpade, 1981: 65 (prey from Indian 1067mt, 25.ix.1973, 3m (KB. Ghorpade Al); same locality, subcontinent; misidenlificalion); Agarwala el al., 1983a: lO.x.1973, lm (K. D. Ghorpadi A19); WEST BENGAL: 8km E. 240 (prey from Kalimpong); Das & Raychaudhuri, 1983: Kalimpong, 1768ml. 29.x. 1981, lm If (CA. Viraklamalh 33 (prey from Chamba and Manali); Mathur, 1983: 231 CAV274); Kalimpong. 1370mt, 29.X.1981, lm If (Shaskidhar (prey from Jullundur); Agarwala el al., 1984: 18 (prey SV180); same data, 2m 2f (AT. D. Ghorpade A935); 4km N. from India); Datta & Chakraborti, 1984: 244 (Jammu & Teesta, 200mt, 28. x . 1981, lm ( K. D. Ghorpade A934); Sukna, Kashmir, misidenlificalion; flower records), 1986b: 11 12km N. Siliguri, l.xi.l981,lm (C. A. Viraklamalh CAV277); (West Bengal; misidentifi cation). SIKKIM: Singtam, 30.X.1981, 2m (CA. Viraklamalh CAV275); MEGHALAYA: Nongpoh, 762ml. 4.xi.l981, 4f (KB. Ghorpade Paragus politus Wiedemann was described A938); Shillong, 1961ml, 17.iv.1974, If (KBGhorpade A100) [KGC]. Thailand: Khao Yai National Park, 8.xi.l977, 3m (GF. from an unspecified number of males and females in Hevel) [USNM]; Doi Inthanon Natn Park,'road to summit, the Trentepohl Collection [now in UZM] and in the 800-1800ml. 28.x. 1979. 2m 2f (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.); Wiedemann Collection [now in NMW]. I (FCT) Chieng Mai Province, Doi Sakel, 950ml, 3x1981, lm 2f have studied male syntypes from both collections (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.); Doi Inthanon Natn Park, Siripum, 1300-1400mt. 8.X.1981, lm (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.); same and here select a male lectotype for politus locality, 1200-1300mt, 4.X.1981. 2m If (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Wiedemann, 1830. The holotype of rufiventris Exp.); Huai Sai Luang. 1000-1 lOOmt. 13. x. 1981, lm If Brunetti was found by me (KG) to be lost. Only a (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.); Doi Suthep, summit, 160Omt, bare pin with the labels — "Assam-Bhutan Frontier, 27.ix.1981, If (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.); 7km NW. Fang. Horticultural Experimental Station, 30.x.-2.xi.l979, 2f Mangaldai dist. N. E. 1-2.1.11, S. W. Kemp", (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.) [UZM]. China: Kwanglseh- "TYPE", "1492/HI", and "no specimen on pin, Fukien, 17.viii.1937, lm (J. Klapperich); Shaowu-Fukien, 500mt, 6.VIII.41", remains in the Zoological Survey of 8.vu.l937, lm (J. Klapperich) [ZFMAK]; Woo-fu SSU. India, Calcutta, type collection. ll.v.1932, If, 29.v. 1932. lm [AMNH]; Chengtu, If (Cramplon) [MCZ]. Malaysia: Johore, 8.U.1970. lm (C. G. Roche); Perak, Paragus politus is the sister species of Ulu Piah, nr Ipoh, 9.ix.l973, lm [USNM]. Indonesia: WEST villipennis Thompson, sp. no v., and together these SUMBA: Pogobina, 16.X.1949. If (Expedition Buhler-Suiter); species form the Oriental component of the CENTRAL SUMBA: Lindiwatju, 10.x. 1949, If (Expedition tibialis - superspecies and are the sister-group of Buhler-Suller) [NMB]. Philippines: LUZON: Mountain Province, Mayoyao, Ifugao, lOOO-rSOOml, i-9.vii.1966 & minutus Hull of the Afrotropical Region. Paragus 24.viii.1966,6m (H. M. Torrevillas) [USNM); Camarines Sur, Ml politus is very similar to tibialis (Fallen), but Isarog, Pili, 80O-9OOmt, 22. iv.1965, lm (H'.M'. Torrevillas); Mt differs in having larger and more curved Province, Ifugao, Mayoyao, 1000-1500mt, 6.vii.l966, lm (HM. parameres (Fig. 18) and in lacking a dorsolateral Torrevillas); same locality, 9.vii.l966, If (H.M. Torrevillas) [AMNH]; Banahao, vi. 1914. lm; Los Banos, 18.xi. 1966. If carina on the ninth sternum. [ZMUH]; NEGROS ORIENTAL: Mount Talinas, lOOOmt, Part of the material identified and recorded as 29-31.xii.1960, 2m (H.M. Torrevillas); MINDANAO: Mountain tibialis by Datta & Chakraborti (1984: 244-245) is View College, 15km NW. Valencia, Bukidnon, 2200ml, of politus, and that recorded as for rufiventris is 22-23.lv.1958. lm (M.D. Delfinado) [USNM). entirely of politus. Their Fig. 5a, b of "tibialis" is actually of rufocinctus and that of "rufiventris" (Fig. DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan, India (Jammu & 6a, b) is of politus (KG). Kashmir, ?Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, ?Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lectotype male (present Mcghalaya), Nepal, ?Bhutan, Thailand, China, designation), labeled "China, Wiedemann Coll.", "politus, dct. Wiedemann" [NMW]. Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumba), Philippines [Map 3]. Holotype male (of Pipizella indica Brunetti), labeled "Matiana, PREY RECORDS: The aph j Aphis citricola 8000 ft., Simla Hills, 28-30.IV.07, N.A.", "4482/15", "Pipizella van dcr Goot, A. craccivora Koch, A. gossypii indica Brun Type male", and "TYPE" [ZSIJ. Glover, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), Myzus Other specimens: 40m 31f. India: JAMMU & KASHMIR: persicae (Sulzer), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Gulmarg, c. 2600-3000ml, 17.viii.-5.ix.1978, 2f {Copenhagen Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), and Zool. Mus. Exp.); Tangmarg, c. 2200ml, 17.viii.-7.ix.1978. If undetermined aph ids on -Osbeckia crinita and (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.); UTTAR PRADESH: Mussoorie, c. 15002200mt, 3-14.viii.1978. If (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Carthamus oxyacantha, are credited to Paragus Exp.); Dehra Dun valley, c. 700mt, 4-13.viii.1978, lm 3f indicus (Brunetti) and P. tibialis (Fallen) (see (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.) [UZM]; Kumaon Hills, Kapkot, Ghorpade, 1981: 64-65). Das & Raychaudhuri 1985-88] NOTES ON ORIENTAL PARAGUS (DIPTERA : SYRPHIDAE)

perhaps attributable to another species of Paragus, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Holotype male, Indonesia: TIMOR: probably /*?/ifltf Wiedemann (

(1983: 33) give Brachycaudus (Thuleaphis) rumcxi as his abrogans) only by the shape of the paramere: colens (Patch) and Metopolophium phaseoli In haemorrhous the paramere is small and (Chakrabarti, Ghosh & Raychaudhuri) as prey of rectangular; in rufocinctus it is slightly larger and Paragus "tibiallis" [sic!]. Agarwala el al. (1984: has the dorsal and ventral margins diverging slightly 18) list some aphid species as prey of "libialis", from the base to give it a trapeziform shape. The including unidentified "aphis" on the plants material we have examined suggests that the shape Centaurea sp. and Sonchus sp. The syrphid predator of the paramere varies greatly (see also Vockeroth, involved in most or all of these prey records is cither 1986: 196, Fig. 3e-e"). Paragus politus or P. rufocinctus. Part of the material from Jammu & Kashmir FLOWER RECORDS: Datta & Chakraborti (India) listed as "tibialis" by Datta & Chakraborti (1984: 244-245) give Amaranthus spinosa, Cynodon (1984: 244-245, Fig. 5a, b) was found by me (KG) sp., Lantana camara and Solatium nigrum for to be of rufocinctus; part belonged to politus. Paragus politus which they misidentified as tibialis and rufiventris. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Holotype male, labeled "Brunetti, Rangoon, Burma, 23.XII.04 to, 3.1.05", "Brunetii, Collection", "Pipizella, rufocincla, Brunetti, Type male", "Pres. by, E. Brunetti, Brit. Mus., 1927-184" [BMNH]. Paragus rufocinctus (Brunctli) (Figs 7,8) Other specimens: 57m 23f. India: JAMMU & KASHMIR: Tangmarg, 2200ml, 17.viii.-7.ix. 1978, 9m (Copenhagen Zool. Pipizella rufocincla Brunetii, 1908: 53. Holotype male, Rangoon, Mus. Exp.) [UZM]; Srinagar, 1893ml, 16.vii.1981, 2m (M. Rafiq Burma [BMNH: examined]. SUBSEQUENT Bhal); same locality, 16.x. 1974, 1m If (KD. Ghorpade A138); REFERENCES: Brunelti, 1923: 37 (key reference, same locality, 19.X.1974, lm (KD. Ghorpade A142); description; India, Burma), 1925: 75 (not a Pipizella, but HIMACHAL PRADESH: Manali, 1828mt, 10.x. 1979, lm (KD. exact placement not known); Knutson el al., 1975: 328 Ghorpade A841); Simla, 2133ml. 14.x. 1979.3m (K.D. Ghorpade (catalog citation; placement in Paragus). A847) [KGC]; WEST BENGAL; Sukna, 55km S. Darjeeling, v. Paragus libialis: Keiser, 1958: 210 (Sri Lanka; as libiaiis s. sir. 1966, lm (J.&M. Sedlacek) [BPBM]; 8km E. Kalimpong, and var. rufiventris; misidentification); Ghorpade 1981: 65 1768mt, 29.X.1981, lm (CA. Viraklamath CAV274); (partially misidentified; prey from Indian subcontinent); MEGHALAYA; Shillong, 1961ml, 16.iv.1974, 2m (KD. Anonymous, 1981: 89 (misidentified; prey from south Ghorpade A99) same locality, 1465ml, v. 1962, lm (V.K. Gupta India); Agarwala el al., 1983a: 240 (misidentification; prey No. 8); same locality, 1961ml, 3.xi.l981, lm (CA. Viraklamath from Kalimpong); Das & Raychaudhuri, 1983: 33 CAV278) [KGC]; Shillong, Tripura Castle road, l.ix.1972, lm (misidentification; prey from Manali and Chamba); (S. Biswas) [ZSI]; Cherrapunji, 1299ml. 5.xi.l981, lm (CA. Malhur, 1983: 231 (misidentification; prey from Viraklamath CAV282); Nongpoh, 762ml, 4.xi.l981, If (KD. Jullundur); Agarwala el al., 1984: 18 (misidentification; prey from India); Datta & Chakraborti, 1984: 244, Fig. 5a, Ghorpade A938); KARNATAKA: Jog Falls, 534ml. 18.xi.1976, b (misidentification in part; Jammu & Kashmir, flower If (KD. Ghorpadt A369); Mudigere, 900mt, 7.iv.l975, lm (KD. records), 1986b: 11 (West Bengal; misidentification). Ghorpade A187) [KGC]; same locality, 2-l0.xi.l977, lm If (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.) [UZM]; 15km S. Santaveri, IParagus abrogans Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1976: 84, Fig. 1 (male 15.viii.1977, lm (KD. Ghorpade A456); nr Kodlipet, 650mt, term in alia). Holotype male, Polur, Iran [MZL]. syn. nov. 6.W.1975, lm (KD. Ghorpade A186); Ramandrug, 990ml, Paragus (Pandasyophthalmus) [sic! ] rufiventris: Datta & 16.xi.1974, lm If (KD. Ghorpade A146); Bangalore, 916ml, Chakraborti, 1986a: 57 (Kerala; misidentification). 19.xii.197S, lm If (KD. Ghorpade A265); same locality, vi.1977, If (KD. Ghorpade A438); same locality, 6.ix.l978, lm (KD. Ghorpade A665); same locality 4.iv.l980, lm If (KD. I (FCT) have examined the holotype of Ghorpade A879); TAMIL NADU: Yercaud, 1370ml, 5.iv.l976, rufocinctus Brunetti and find that it agrees with lm (KD. Ghorpade MOO); Valparai, 1067ml, 5.vii.l982, lm If Goeldlin de Tiefenau's (1976) description of his (KD. Ghorpade A968); KERALA: Kaikaliy, 937ml, l.i.1974. If abrogans. I have not been able to obtain the loan of (KD. Ghorpade Ml); same locality, 2.LI974, 12m 6f (KD. Ghorpade A80); same data, 2m (KD. Ghorpade A81); the type of abrogans. Paragus haemorrhous Mcigen Manantoddy, 840mt, 16.x. 1975. lm If (KD. Ghorpade A238); and P., rufocinctus are very similar and may Meppadi, 690ml, 19x1975. If (KD. Ghorpade A249) [KGC]. represent only variants of the same species. Goeldlin Sri Lanka: Madugoda, 30.iii.1936, lm; Bandarawella, de Tiefenau (1976) separated these two {rufocinctus 15.iv.1931, lm [CNM]. Also 3m 5f seen in the collections of the F.CHRISTIAN THOMPSON & KUMAR GHORPADE [Colemania 5

Smithsonian Sri l.anka Project* IUSNMJ. Nepal: Amlckhganj, arista brown, short, only about as long as third 520mt, 16.iii.1957, 1m [USNM]. Burma: Myitkyina, 175mt, segment; ratio of segments — 1.1 : 1.0 : 4.2. l-14.iii.1934. lm (R.Malaise) [ZMUH]. Thorax: Black; mesonotum shiny, with short white DISTRIBUTION: ?Iran, ?Pakistan, India pile, punctate, with punctures small and widely (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, ?Punjab, spaced; scutellum shiny, with white pile, punctate, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, with punctures spaced as on mesonotum, pleura Kerala), Sri Lanka, Nepal, Burma, ?China [Map 2]. with white pollen and pile, punctate as on PREY RECORDS: The aphid Pentalonia mesonotum; squama white; halter orange. Legs: nigronervosa Coquercl (sec Ghorpade, 1981: 64). I With white pile, orange, except brownish black as (KG) have seen specimens reared on Toxoptera follows: Coxae, trochanters, basal */3 of front femur, aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) infesting tea at basal 1/5 of middle femur, basal 3/4 of hind femur, Cinchona (see also Anonymous, 1985: 18). I have apicomedial V3 of hind tibia, and hind basotar- also reared larvae taken feeding on an undetermined somere. Wing: Slightly brownish, microtrichose. aphid infesting an unidentified herb at Bangalore in Abdomen: Black; except red posterior to second June (my Collection No. A438), and have also taken tergum, shiny, punctate, with punctures large (as specimens at the same locality by sweeping paddy large as the largest ommatidium) and closely fields. Das & Raychaadhuri (1983: 33) give aphid spaced; dorsum with white pile basolaterally on prey for "libiallis" [sic !] from Manali and Chamba each tergum, with black pile intermixed in Himachal Pradesh. Mathur (1983: 231) lists Aphis apicomedially on each tergum; venter with white gossypii Glover as prey from Jullundur. Agarwala el pile. Terminalia: Black, with white pile, otherwise al. (1984: 18) give several aphid species as prey of as in Figs 16-17. "tibialis", some of which may refer to this species. FEMALE: Similar, except for normal sexual See also this section under Paragus politus above. dimorphism and : Antenna! ratio — 1.0 : 1.0 : 3.0; FLOWER RECORDS: Datta & Chakraborti black front; abdomen entirely black except bluish (1984: 244-245) give Amaranthusspinosa^Cynodon^ black basolaterally on each tergum. sp., and Solatium nigrum for this species, which they SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Holoiype male, Indonesia: JAVA: misidentified as tibialis. Goenocng Gcdch, m. 1911 (£. Jacobson) [ITZ]. Paratypes 2m 2f; same data as for holoiype, If [ITZ]; Salatiga, Paragus villipennis Thompson, sp. nov. 5.V.1929, lm (I.M. Mackerras) [ANIC]; SUMATRA: (Figs2.16.17) Panghcrang-Pisang, X.1890-iii.l891, If (£. Modigliani) Paragus atralus: de Mcijere, 1914: 150 (Java; misidcnlifi- [MCSNG]. Malaysia: The Gap, Eraser's Hill, 23.iii. 1962, lm cation). (D.H. Colless) [ANIC). MALE: Head: Face yellow except for black DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia (Malay peninsula), medial vitta which reaches Vi distance to antenna, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java) [Map 2]. with white pile; frontal triangle yellow, with white REMARKS: Paragus villipennis is the sister of pile; oral margin and cheek black, bare; vertical politus, differing from that species only in its more triangle black, shiny except with sparse brownish extensively microlrichose wing. The name, villipennis, pollen anterior to anterior ocellus, with black pile is a Latin adjective, which describes this character. except for a few yellow hairs anteriorly; occiput black, with silvery pollen, with white pile ventrally becoming more yellowish on dorsal V«,\ eye pile Subgenus Paragus Latreille uniform, short, white; holoptic; eye continguity 3 Stuckcnberg (1945a) divided this subgenus about 2-3 ommatidia long. Antenna short, only /t as into two distinct species-groups, based on whether long as face, brownish black except orange the posterior margin of the scutellum is serrate basoventral V^ of third segment, with black pile; (serratus-group) or not (bicolor-group). The * Detailed label data for these specimens will be included in our serratus-group is mainly Old World tropical in forthcoming review of the Syrphidae of Sri Lanka (Thompson & distribution, occurring in the African continent and Ghorpade, in prep.). in south and soulhcst Asia. The bicolor-gwup, on 1985-88] NOTES ON ORIENTAL PARAGUS (DIPTERA : SYRPHIDAE) the other hand, is predominantly Holarctic. The very long and dense; squama white with yellow three new species described here do not fit either of margin and fringe; halter with light brown base, Stuckenberg's species-groups. These species share a with yellowish white stem and ivory white to faintly mixture of the characters Stuckenberg used to define yellow knob. Legs: With white pile, orange yellow, his subgenera: The simple eye pile of the subgenus except black as follows: Coxa, trochanter, a little Pandasyopthalmus, but the short spurious vein of more than basal Vi of fore femur, basal Vi of middle the subgenus Paragus. The terminalia of these femur, basal # of hind femur (extreme base brown), species are unlike those of either subgenus. The more than apical Vi of hind tibia (extreme apex phylogeny of the genus Paragus will be reviewed in brown), and hind tarsus dorsally. Wing: Hyaline, another paper (Thompson, in prep.). microtrichose, except bare as follows: First costal cell, basal Vi of second costal cell, area of marginal Paragus annandalei Ghorpade, sp. nov. cell basad of fork of vein R2+3 and R4+5, basal Vi of (Figs 5,6) first, and basal Vi or less of second basal cell, and Paragus (Pandasyophthalmus) [sic!] atralus: DaUa &. extreme base and up to Vi of anal cell anteriorly. Chakraboiti, 1984: 245, Fig. 7a, b (Jammu & Kashmir, Abdomen: Black, shiny and more deeply punctate misidentification). than on scutellum, with punctures more closely Length: 6-7 mm. spaced; extreme posterior margins of terga bare, smooth and bluish, widest on first tergum; dorsal MALE : Head: Face and frontal triangle pile short, subdepressed and black, longer and white yellow, with yellow pile and a few black hairs on anterior tergal margins and on first tergum, with beside antennal bases; oral margin and cheek black, hairs longest on third and fourth terga and on each most of cheek and area contiguous to eye margins tergum anterolaterally; lateral margins with still white pollinose and pilose, area contiguous to oral longer white hairs, longest posterolaterally on first cavity shining black and bare; tubercle barely tergum; third tergum with triangular yellow spots on apparent, with a thin and narrow translucent-viua anterior margin, widely separated from lateral extending from it and joining brown tip of oral margins and in centre, contiguous with anterior cavity, distinct from rest of yellow face and frons; margin of tergum, placed in the sunken area on vertical triangle black, shining, except for brownish anterolateral Vi of tergum; sterna black except yellow pollinose area anterior to anterior ocellus, anterior Vi of third sternum translucent yellow; with black pile except some yellow pile posteriorly; sternal hairs erect, white, sparse, except dense on occiput black, silvery white pollinose and thick fourth sternum. Terminalia: As in Figs 5-6. white pile becoming thinner and yellowish on dorsal FEMALE: Similar to male except as follows: Vi\ eye pile uniform, short, white; holoptic; eye Frons 1 Vi x as wide at antennal bases than at vertex, contiguity seven ommatidia long; antenna short, shining black, ventrally with two white pollinose about Vi as long as face, brownish black except spots contiguous to eye margins; frontal spots paler anteroventral outer margin on first segment, widest posteriorly, narrowing anteriorly to join narrow anterior outer margin on second segment and yellow of face lateral to antennal bases; frontal pile basoventral Vi of third segment; arista pale brown, black posterior to white pollinose spots, elsewhere almost as long as third segment; ratio of antennal white; face deep yellow with a narrow brownish segments - 1.0 : 0.8 : 4.1. Thorax: Black; black facial vitta from oral margin, narrowing mesonotum shiny, with short golden yellow pile, dorsally to antennal bases; occipital pile almost except longer white pile on notopleuron, punctate, wholly white. Hairs on mesonotum and scutellum with punctures small, shallow, and widely spaced; more whitish; halter knob yellowish. Wing with a scutellum shining, black, a little more deeply little more microtrichia, but essentially as in male. punctate, pile a little longer, rest as on mesonotum; Abdomen with yellow spots on third tergum pleuron with sparse white pollen and pile, with hairs narrower and arcuate, not contiguous with anterior on posterior mesopleuron and dorsal sternopleuron margin. 10 F. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON & KUMAR GHORPADE [Colemania 5

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Holotype male, India: HIMACHAL 1907b, 1917, etc.) initial papers on Indian Diptera. PRADESH: Simla, 2133ml, 14.X.1979 (AfX>. Ghorpadi A847) Brunetti's written works have given me immense [KGC]. pleasure (and admiration for this dipterist) and have Paratypes 4m 2f. India: JAMMU & KASHMIR: Udhampur, helped me along in my own researches on Indian 27.ix.1977, 4m (R.C. Basu & party, No. 6310/Hg to 6313/H6) [ZSI; 1m to be deposited in USNM]; UTTAR PRADESH: flies. Mussoorie, c. 1500-2000mt, 3-14. viii. 1978, If (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.) [UZM];Kumaon Hills, Dunagiri, 2286mt, Paragus auritus Stuckenberg 12.x. 1973, If (GirishChandra G66) [KGC]. Paragus auritus Stuckenberg, 1945b: 418, Figs 30-33 (male terminalia, abdomen). Holotype male, Kandy, Sri Lanka DISTRIBUTION : India (Jammu & Kashmir, [BMNH]. SUBSEQUENT REFERENCES: Keiser, 1958: Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh) [Map 1]. 207 (Sri Lanka); Knutson el at., 1975: 327 (catalog citation; Sri Lanka, West Bengal, Nepal, Kenya); Ali & FLOWER RECORD : Datta & Chakraborti Sharatchandra, 1985: 18 (prey; Karnataka). (1984: 245) give Solarium nigrum. REMARKS : This species is similar to jozanus Paragus auritus is a large, generally pale Matsumura (in Matsumura & Adachi, 1916: 10, Fig. species, with the abdomen distinctly broader than 5) from Japan, but is distinct as follows: 1) hairs on the thorax and being noticeably distended in vertex yellowish white, not black; 2) scutellar hairs females. The antenna is long, usually longer than the all yellowish while and without brown ones on length of face. Smaller specimens may be confused margin; 3) no trace of white spots on fourth tergum; with crenulatus Thomson, but the fore femur of 4) first and second sterna black, only third sternum auritus is wholly pale, never with any black partly yellowish; and 5) different male terminalia. markings (as in crenulatus) on the extreme base. Datta & Chakraborti (1984: 245, Fig. 7a, b) Records of serratus, published before listed this species, misidentified by them as atratus, Stuckenberg (1954b) separated "serratus of authors" from Udhampur in Jammu & Kashmir. I (KG) found into four distinct Oriental species [auritus the single female (not male as published !)from- Stuckenberg, crenulatus Thmnmti, Jerratiis^ Bijbihara to belong to politus (ZSI Reg. No. (Fabricius), and yerburiensis Stuckenberg], are 6314/Ho). I have designated the 4m from Udhampur DUBIOUS. Even some later authors apparently as paratypes of my annandalei sp. nov. confused auritus, crenulatus and serratus, though This new species is named in honor of the late yerburiensis, with its predominantly black Dr Nelson Annandale, the first Superintendent of coloration, seems to have been separated with some the Indian Museum, and later to become the first ease. Unless specimens on which these previous Director of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta records were based can be redetermined and the (see Ali, 1981: 238, PI. II). Annandale (in Brunetti, records confirmed, names in all biological papers 1917: 59) noted that the higher reaches of the and most taxonomic ones treating the Paragus northwest Himalayas had a distinct Palaearctic serratus-complex must be considered doubtful. influence. He was also instrumental in encouraging Paragus auritus is apparently restricted to Sri and assisting the late Enrico Brunetti's [see Prashad, Lanka and southern and eastern India. 1927; Senior-White, 1927; also obituaries by Stuckenberg's (1954b: 420) male from Kenya (east Anonymous, 1927, Entomologist, 60: 142-143; Africa) is a misidentification, perhaps for azureus Collin, 1927, Proc. ent. Soc. Lond., 2: 106; Kemp, Hull (also with blue reflections on mesonotum) or 1927, Ent. mon. Mag., 63: 236-237; Anonymous, for scrupeus Stuckenberg, if these two are distinct 1928, Ent. News, 39: 295; Musgrave, 1932, Bibliog. species, or, to an undescribed one. Austral. Ent., pp. 33-34] monumental, and almost Besides the 132m and 75f listed below, I (KG) single-handed, revisionary work on Indian Diptera. have also seen 31m and 32f in the TNAU Collection Appropriately, the holotype was collected by me at Coimbatore. Complete label data were not copied (KG) in Simla, where Dr Annandale did much of his for these but the specimens were from Aska early collecting, and which led to Brunetti's (1907a, (Ganjam District) and from Coimbatore, collected in 1985-88] NOTES ON ORIENTAL PARAGUS (DIPTERA : SYRPHIDAE) 11 all months of the year except in March and June. Coimbatore, 420mt, ix.1964, lm (P.SusaiNathan) [BPBM]; same Some were reared on the finger millet (Eleusine locality & collector, 31.vii.l9(?),lm [MCZ];16mi. NW. Coimbatore, 640ml. 8.iii.l962, If (E.S. Ross & D.Q. Cavagnaro) coracana) root aphid, Tetraneura (Tetraneurella) [CAS]; Coimbatore, 1400ft, iii.1963. If (P Susai Nathan); same nigriabdominalis (Sasaki), and all other rearing locality & collector, iv.1963, 3m If. xii. 1963. lm [USNM]. Sri records are also on root aphids of cotton (Gossypium Lanka: UVA PROVINCE: Inginiyagala. 30.viii.1953, lm (F. spp.), paddy (Oryza sativa), and sorghum (Sorghum Keiser); CENTRAL PROVINCE: Peradeniya Exper. Sta., 14.vu.1953, lm (F. Keiser); Teldeniya, 1 l.i.1954, If (F. Keiser); bicolor). I did not collect and rear syrphid larvae Kandy. Hanlana, 25.vii.1953, lm (F. Keiser); Kandy reservoir, feeding on any root aphid, hence did not list any 17.vi. 1953. If (F. Keiser) [NMB]. Also 47m 29f seen in the prey for this species (Ghorpade, 1981: 64-65). collections of the Smithsonian Sri Lanka Project [USNM]. However, the records of T. nigriabdominalis and undetermined aphids on ragi (finger millet) and DISTRIBUTION: India , (West Bengal, sorghum roots, attributed to serratus in that paper, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka. The record most certainly refer to auritus, which appears to be from Nepal (Knutson el al., 1975: 327) needs to be adapted to preying only on root aphids in its larval confirmed [Map 5]. stages. PREY RECORDS: Tetraneura nigriabdo- minalis (Sasaki), and other undetermined root SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 132m 75f. India: WEST BENGAL: aphids on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), paddy Calcutta, 1-15. xii. 1908, lm (E. Brunetti); same locality, 20. xii. 1908, 3m (EJBrunetti) [USNM]; KARNATAKA: 10km N. (Oryza sativa), cotton (Gossypium spp.), and finger Yelburga, 5. xi.1972. If (KD. Ghorpade); same locality, millet (Eleusine coracana). See records for these 6.xii.l974, lm (KD. Ghorpade A153); same locality & collector, under Paragus serratus (Fabricius) in Ghorpade 13.xu.1974, 2m If (A 163). 14.xii.1974, 3m If (A165) , (1981: 64-65). I (KG) identified this syrphid for Ali 20.xii.1974, lm (A171), 22.xii.1974, lm (A173), 23.xii.1974,4m (A174), 24.xii.1974. 5m If (A175 & A176), 23.xi. 1980, 3f & Sharatchandra (1985: 18) who had reared it on (A906), 26.xi. 1980, lm 4f (A909). 27.xi. 1980, 2m If (A910); Forda orienlalis George, a root aphid on finger Sandur. nr Bellary. 14.xi. 1974, lm (KD. Ghorpade A143); same millet at Bangalore. locality, 16.vii.1982, lm If (KD. Ghorpadi A980); FLOWER RECORDS : Borreria sp., Guizotia Kemmangundi, 1430mt, 9.iv.l975, lm (KD. Ghorpadi A194) [KGC]; Mudigere area, c. 900ml, 2-lO.xi.l977. 2m If abyssinica (nigerseed), and Mangifera indica (Copenhagen Tiool. Mus. Exp.) [UZM]; 15km N. Chitradurga, (mango). 14.xi.1978, If (/. Bowden); Nandi HUls. 1467mt, 28.iii. 1979, lm (KD.Ghorpade A782); Bangalore, 916mt, xii. 1970, lm (KD. Ghorpadi); same locality & collector, ix.1971, lm, 25.xi.1972, Paragus bicolor (Fabricius) lm If. 30.xii.1972,2m, i.i.1973, lm, 4.i.l973, lm; same locality, Syrphus bicolor Fabricius, 1794: 297. Type o?, "Barbaria" 13.xi. 1973, If {KD.Ghorpade A37); same locality & collector, [UZM]. SUBSEQUENT REFERENCES: Kertesz, 1910: 2 27.xi.1973, lm (A41), 13-14.1.1973, ex Malaise trap. If (A89), (catalog citation; synonymy, other references; Europe, 23.ix.1976, If (A346) 26.ix.1976, If (A348), 24.x. 1976, lm N.Africa, N.America); Brunetti, 1923: 35 (dercription, key (A358), 16.1.1977. If (A383),4.ix.l977. If (A461). 9.x. 1977. 2m reference; Quetta); Goeldin de Tiefenau, 1976: 89 (neolype (A485), ll.x.1977, lm (A487).ll-13.x.l977, If (A488), designation, description, male terminalia, key reference); 3.ix.l978. If (A659), 15.X.1978. If (A705). 17.X.1978, ex Ghorpade, 1981: 64 (prey from Pakistan); Datta & Malaise trap. If (A707), 21.X.1978, ex Malaise trap, If (A712), Chakraborti, 1984:242 (as serratus; misidentification). 28.X.1978, If (A716), 19.xi.1978, lm If (A735),3.xi.l979,2m If (A856), 10.xi.1979. If (A858), 29.xi.1979. 3m If (A861). This Palaearctic species, the type-species of 1 xii. 1979. lm (A862). Zxii.1979.3m If (A863), 8.xii.l979, two Paragus Latrcille, was first recorded from the pairs in copula, 3m 2f (A864), 8-15.xii.1979, ex Malaise trap, lm Indian subcontinent from Quetta (Baluchistan) by If (A865). 25.xii.1979. If (A868). 5.i.l980, lm (A871), 24.ix.1980, lm If (A896), 28.ix.1980,5m (A897), 30.ix.l980,lm Brunetti (1923), and again from Pakistan by Hamid (A898),x.l980, If (A900),27.xii.l981,2m (A942),30-3l.i. 1982. et al. (1977). The latter reared bicolor from Aphis 2m (A945); Bangalore, Cubbon Park, 27.X.1979, lm If (AJt.V. craccivora Koch. I (KG) collected a pair, either in Kumar No. 160); same locality & collector, 4.xi.l979, lm (No. the Chasmashahi Mughal Garden or in the Nehru 165) [KGC]; Bangalore, AUalsandra, c. 900ml. 30.xi.l977. 4m (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.); same locality & collectors, Memorial Park, in Srinagar (Kashmir). The two 26-29.X.1977, lm [UZM]; Bannerghatla Park, nr Bangalore, males from Chhatabal and Rangawara (Jammu & 12.xi.1976. If (KD'. Ghorpadi A333); TAMIL NADU: Yercaud. Kashmir), identified as serratus by Datta & 1370ml, 5.iv.l976, lm (KD. Ghorpadi A300) [KCQ; Chakraborti (1984: 242-243), were found by me to 12 F.CHRISTIAN THOMPSON A KUMAR GHORPADE [Colemania 5

3 be bicolor on examining this collection at the ZSI, basal /4 of hind femur, middle VA or less of front Calcutta. and middle tibiae, and middle % of hind tibia. Gceldlin de Tiefenau's neotype designation Wing: Hyaline, microtrichose, except bare as (1976:89) is invalid as some of original type follows: First and second costal cells, basal Vi of material is still extant (FCT). He himself indicated marginal cell, basal Vs of submarginal cell, partially that a set of wings remain in the Fabrician on basal 1/4 of apical cell, basal V3 of discal and Collection. cubital cells, anterobasal % of anal cell and anal SPECIMENS EXAMINED : 3m If. India: JAMMU & lobe, and all of both basal cells and alula. Abdomen: KASHMIR: Srinagar, 1893mt, 15.x. 1974, 1m If (KD. Ghorpade Black, except bluish black basolaterally on each A137) IKGCJ; Chhatabal, 18.xi.1977, on Solarium nigrum, 1m tergum, shiny, punctate, with puncturers large (as (M.Datta); Rangawara, 19.xi.1977, on Lanlana camara, lm (M. large as the largest ommatidium) and closely Datla) [ZSIJ. spaced; dorsum with white pile basolaterally on DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic Region; each tergum, with black pile apicomedially on each Pakistan, India (Jammu & Kashmir) [Map 7]. tergum; venter with white pile. Terminalia: Black, PREY RECORD: The aphid Aphis craccivora with white pile, otherwise as in Figs 9-10. Koch (see Ghorpade, 1981:64). FEMALE: Similar, except for normal sexual FLOWER RECORDS : Datta & Chakraborti dimorphism, with yellow face and black front. (1984: 242-243) give Lantana camara and Solarium nigrum. Puparium: As in Figs 3-4. SPECIMENS EXAMINED : Holotype male, Indonesia: JAVA: Paragus brachycerus Thompson, sp. nov. Buitenzorg, ii.1900, ex larva feeding on Aphis coffeae Nietner (Figs 3,4,9,10) (Zimmermann) [USNMJ. Paratypcs lm 2f; same data as for holotype, lm If [USNM]. Length: About 4mm (specimens were reared Malaysia: Pahang, F.M.S., Eraser's Hill. 4200ft. 22.V.1932. If and are teneral, so the measurement isimprecise); '(flit. PendTebury)[AMNHJ.

MALE : Head: Face and frontal triangle DISTRIBUTION : Malaysia (Malay penin- yellow, with yellow pile; oral margin and cheek sula), Indonesia (Java) [Map 3]. black, bare; vertical triangle black, shiny except PREY RECORD: The aphid Toxoptera aurantii with brownish pollen anterior to anterior ocellus, (Boyer de Fonscolombe). This is a new predator with yellow pile except for a few black hairs record for this important aphid pest of tea and coffee. anteriorly; occiput black, with silvery pollen, with REMARKS: The holotype was labeled as white pile ventrally becoming more yellowish on "Paragus brachycerus Coq. MS." by D.W. dorsal 14; eye pile uniform, short, white; holoptic; CoquilletL This name has never been validated. As eye contiguity about 6-7 ommatidia long. Antenna the name is rather appropriate, being a Latin short, only Vi as long as face, brownish black except adjective referring to the short antenna, I (FCT) orange basoventral '/2 of third segment, with black have accepted it. Paragus brachycerus and P. pile; arista brown, short, only about as long as third stuckenbergi are sister-species and form a segment; ratio of segments — 1.0 : 1.0 : 2.4. distinctive species-group defined by the unique Thorax: Black; mesonotum shiny, with short white aedeagal structure. pile except golden pilose notopleuron, punctate, Aphis coffeae Nietner is now a junior synonym with punctures small and widely spaced; scutellum of Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), shiny, with white pile, punctate, with punctures often a serious pest of coffee and tea. Paragus spaced as on mesonotum but larger; pleuron with brachycerus is thus a new predator record. white pollen and pile, punctate as on mesonotum; Ghorpade (1981: 76) listed four other species of squama white; halter orange. Legs: With white pile, Paragus (besides species of some other genera) orange, except brownish black as follows: Coxa, recorded as predators of T. aurantii from the Indian trochanter, basal Vi of front and middle femora, subcontinent. 1985-88] NOTES ON ORIENTAL PARAGUS (DIPTERA : SYRPHIDAE) 13

Paragus crenulatus Thomson 28.viii.1938, lm {P. Susai Nathan) [BtSNB]. Sri Lanka- Paragus crenulatus Thomson, 1869:503. Syntypes m&f, China CENTRAL PROVINCE: Kandy. 28.vi.1953. If {F Keiser)- INRS]. SUBSEQUENT REFERENCES: Shiraki, 1930: Ambacotta. l4.xii.l953. lm {F. Keiser) [NMB]; Peradeniya' 246 (Taiwan; as synonym of serratus); Kciser, 1952: 155 29.vi.l9l4, lm [USNM]; Peradeniya Exper. Sta., l4.vii.l953. lni (Sumba, Sumbawa, Rote, Timor, misidentifed as serratus); (F. Keiser); Balakuduwa, 18.xii.1953. lm (F. Keiser)- Stuckenberg, 1954b: 408, Figs 17-20 (key reference, NORTHWESTERN PROVINCE: Polgahawela, 6.viiil953. lni description, male tcrminalia, abdomen; Sarawak, Hong {F. Keiser) [NMB]. Also 38m 42f seen in the collections of the Kong, Java, New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Celebes, India, Smithsonian Sri Lanka Project [USNM]. Nepal: 9ml W. Hitaura, Malaysia, Thailand); Kciser, 1958: 208 (Sri Lanka); 400mt, 23.xi.l96l, lm {ES. Ross «& D.Q. Cavagnaro) [CAS]! Burma: Shingbwiyang, 16.V.1945, lm {L.C. Kuitert); same Raychaudhuri et al., 1978: 93 (misidentification as locality & collector. 26.v. 1945. If [SEMJ; S. Shan States. Road serratus; prey from Manipur); Agarwala et al., 1983b: 391 (misidentificauon as serratus; prey from Tripura); 40km E. Taunggyi, 1500mt, 2-25.ix.1934, lm (RMalaise) [ZMUH]. Thailand: Chieng Mai Province, Chieng Mai, 300mt, Johnson, 1983: 416 (misidentification as serratus; prey l.x.1981. If {Copenhagen Zool, Mus. Exp.); same locality & from Kerala); Datta & Chakraborti, 1986a: 57 (misidentificauon as serratus; Kerala, Tamil Nadu), collectors, 29.ix.1981, If; 7km NW. Fang, Horticultural Experimental Station, 30.x.-.xi. 1979,4m {Copenhagen ZoolMus. 1983b: 11 (as serratus; misidentification from Siklrim ?). Exp.); Chiangmai Huai Kaeo Waterfall area, 300mt, 4.xL1979 lm {Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.); Sam Ngao. at Bhumipol Paragus crenulatus is the only species of the Dam, 6-8.xi.1979, 3m 2f {Copenhagen ZoolMus. Exp.); E. coast serratus-group that occurs outside of the Indian Siam Gulf, Paklua, N. of Pathaya, 11-13x11979, im subcontinent (in China, the Indochinese peninsula, {Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.); Doi Inthanon Natn Park, Mae Klang Waterfall area, 21.xi.1979. lm [UZM]; Malaysia: the Malay archipelago, and other continental Selangor. Templer Park, l-5.xii.1979, lm {P. Nielsen) [UZM]; islands) in the Oriental Region. Dark specimens can Langkawi Is.. 26.iv.1928, lm (HM. Pendlebury); N. Borneo! be distinguished from P. yerburiensis in never Kudat, 18.ix.1927, If {C£. Kloss & HM. Pendlebury); same being wholly black behind the transverse ridge on data, l.ix.1927, lm [AMNH]; Johore, Sungei Seluyut, l7.ii.l973- lm {B.W. Leonard); Sarawak, Tebedu, 25.vii.1973, lm 2f {B.W. the first tergum, in having the base of the fore Leonard) [USNM]. Singapore: L.Buang Kok, 13.vii.1973, If femur brownish black or black, and in at least the {B.W. Leonard) [USNM]. Indonesia: SUMATRA: Labuan. _cosial~cells-be1ng suffused with yellowish color: Bilik,T2in 2r{Pabn)T[ZMUH]|TJAVATPekalongan, iv. 1907, lm; From P. serratus, besides the yellow suffused Buitenzorg, iii.1909. If {Bryant & Palmer) [AMNH]; HALMAHEDtA: Jailolo District, Kampung PasirPutih, 0" 53'N wing base, it differs in having more than the 127" 41'E. 15-31.V.1981, If (A.C. Messer A PM. Taylor) median half of its hind femur brownish black. [USNM]. China: Macao, lm If {F. Muir) [AMNH]. Philippines Distinctions from P. auritus are given under that : Negros Or., Ml Talinas, lOOOmt, 29-3l.xii. 1960, lm species above. This is a species that is restricted {H.Torrevillas); Valencia, 300ml, 11-15.11961, 2m {H. . Torrevillas); 1km N. Dumaguete, 5.L1961, lm {H. Torrevillas); to the humid forested areas, unlike serratus, Misamis Or., Balason, l.iv.1960, lm {HM. Torrevillas) which clearly favours an open, dry, plains habitat. [USNM]; Mindanao, Maninit Sir.. Manolo Fortich, Bulridnon, 24.iv.1968, lm {M.D. Delfinado) [AMNH]; Zamboanga del SPECIMENS EXAMINED : 123m 83f. India: BIHAR: 6rrii. NE None Manucan. 11km SSE., 250mt, 13.x. 1959, lm {L.W. Quote); Dhanbad, 250mt, 7.xi.l961, 1m {ES. Ross & D.Q. Cavagnaro) Davao, lm {CM. Baker); Surigao, lm {CM. Baker), Dapitan, If [CAS]; WEST BENGAL: Sundarbans, 12.ii.1976, lm (S. Biswas {CM. Baker) [USNM]; Palawan, Eran Pi. 8km SW. Tarumpitao B4); ASSAM: Nowgong. 21.iv.1974, 2f {Kit. Ghorpadi A105) Pt. 31.xii.l959-4.i.l960, lm {L.W. Quote) [AMNH]; Irawan [KGC]; Chabua, 29.xi.1943,4m If {DM. Hardy); same locality & River, 21km N. Puerto Princesa, 16.iv.1968, lm {DE. Hardy); collector, 25.xi.1943, lm; Tezpur, 24.vi.1943, If {DM. Hardy); 3km NE. Tinabog, 15.v. 1962, ex Malaise trap, If {HHollman); Doom Dooma, 2.xii.l943. If {DM. Hardy) [USNM]; TRIPURA: Negros, Cuemos Mts, lm If {CM. Baker); Mt Montalban, Rizal Telimura, 21.V.1978, lm {A. Issar A9); Baramura, 22.V.1978, If Wawa Dam, 150-200mt, 29.iii.1965. If {HM. Torrevillas) (A. Issar A10); Kailashahar, 30.v. 1978.1m If (A. Issar A16); [USNM]; Montalban, iii.1914, lm; Basilan. xii.1914. If MANIPUR: Churchandpur. 915mt, lO.x.1976, If (VJC. Gupta [ZMUH]; Luzon, Guiron, Pilar, Sorsogon. 27.iv.1968, If {M.D. No. 599); KARNATAKA: Jog falls. 534mt, 18.xi.1976, lm (KX>. Delfinado); Luzon, Ml Mailing, lm If {CM. Baker); Manila, 3m Ghorpadi A369); same locality & collector, 19.xi.1976. lm 3f {R.C. McGregor); same data, xii.1924, 3m; same locality, (A374) [KGC]; Jog Falls, c. 600mt, l9-24.xi.l977. 7m If 27.viii.1945, on blossoms, If {J.L. Gressitl); Los Banos. lm If {Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.); Mudigere area, c. 900mt, {CM. Baker) [USNM]; Manila, 22.viii.1953,3m {CR. Baltazar); 2-20.xi.1977.3m 21 {Copenhagen ZooLMus. Exp.) [UZM]; 19km same data, 26.vi.1953, lm [BPJM]; Los Banos, Laguna, W. Mudigere, 900mt, 6.iv.l980. lm {K£>. Ghorpadi A880); 9.iv.l968. 2m {RA. Morse) [CUIC]; Los Banos, If {Baker) TAMIL NADU: Valparai, 1067m, 5.vii.l982. lm {KB. [MCZ]; Luzon, Manila, l.vi.1914, lm; same locality, xi.1914, Ghorpadi A968); Burliar, 860mt, 22.x. 1975, lm {KB. Ghorpadi 2m; same locality, x.1913. If (GBoettcher); Luzon, Limay, A252) [KGC]; KERALA: S. Malabar. Walayar forest, 1500ft, 26.x. 1913. lm {G. Boettcher) [ZMUH]. Taiwan: Takao, 14 F.CHRISTIAN THOMPSON & KUMAR GHORPADE [Colemania 5

10.vi.1907, lm (Sauter) [ZMUH]. Vietnam: no specific locality, (lectotype designation, description, m & f terminal!a, key x.-xi.l979, lm \t(J>. Story) [PLCJ. reference); Datta & Chakraborti, 1984: 246 (unidentified as Paragus sp.; flower record from Jammu & Kashmir). DISTRIBUTION: India (Bihar, West Bengal, ?Sikkim, Assam, Tripura, Manipur, Karnataka, This Palaearctic species is here recorded from Tamil Nadu, Kerala), Sri Lanka, Nepal, Burma, the Indian subcontinent for the first time, based on a Thailand, China, ?Indochina, Vietnam, Malaysia, pair collected in Kashmir. Also, the single male (Malay peninsula, N.Borneo), Singapore, Indonesia listed as "Paragus sp." by Datta & Chakraborti (1984: (Sumatra, Java, Halmaheira), ?New Guinea, 246) was examined by me (KG) in ZSI, Calcutta, and Philippines, Taiwan, ?Australia [Map 4]. found to be P. quadrifasciatus Meigen. The above locations (except those with a SPECIMENS EXAMINED : 2m If. India: JAMMU & query) are those from where we have seen actual KASHMIR: Kashmir Valley, Tangmarg. c. 2200mt, material of this species. Knutson et al. (1975: 327) 17.viii.-7.ix.1978, lm If (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.) [UZM]; recorded its occurrence from the "entire Oriental Bijbihara, 23.ix.1977, on Cynodon sp., lm {M. Datta) [ZSI]. Region; Australia"; it is also recorded from the other Indonesian islands of Sumba, Sumbawa, Rote, DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic Region; India Timor and Celebes, and also from Sarawak (Jammu & Kashmir) [Map 5]. (Borneo) and Hong Kong (China), vide Keiser FLOWER RECORD: Datta & Chakraborti (1952) and Stuckenberg (1954b). (1984:246) give Cynodon sp. PREY RECORDS: The aphids Aphis citricola van der Goot, A. craccivora Koch, A. Paragus serratus (Fabricius) gossypii Glover, A. nasturtii Kaltenbach, and Mulio serratus Fabricius, 1805: 186. Type o?, Tranqucbar, India Pentalonia nigronvervosa Coquerel. See records [UZM]. SUBSEQUENT REFERENCES: Keruisz, 1910: 6 for these under Paragus serratus (Fabricius) in (catalog citation, references; S. Asia, Sokotra, Sri Lanka, Ghorpade (1981: 64), and also Agarwalae/fl/, lava); Brunetti, 1908: 52 (Karachi east to Nepal and (1983b: 391), Johnson (1983: 415) and Calcutta, south to Bangalore), 1913: 158 (Sadiya, Dibrugarh, etc.), 1915: 201 (Kanpur, Calcutta, Rangoon, Raychaudhuri et al. (1978: 93). Though credited Pusa), 1923: 31, PI. I, Figs 6-7 (several localities in Nepal, to P. serratus (s. lat.), the localities Agartala; India, Burma, Java, Sarawak, Papua); Ahmad, 1940: 172 Ernakulam, Nilambur and Vellayani (in Kerala); (Kabul Plateau, Afghanistan); Stuckenberg, 1954b: 413, Figs 21-25 (key reference, description, male terminalia, Gauhati; and Moirang (in Manipur), for the above abdomen; Jabalpur, Deesa, Delhi, Poona, Coimbatore, aphid prey are suggestive of P. crenulatus being Hasi, Bangalore); Raychaudhri et al, 1978: 93 the actual predator involved in these humid (misidentification from Manipur); Ghorpade, 1981:64 (list places. I (KG) have also identified this species of prey from Indian subcontinent; partly misidentified); Agarwala el at., 1983b: 391 (misidentification ?; prey from taken feeding on the aphid Toxoptera aurantii Tripura), 1984: 18 (prey from India); Johnson, 1983: 416 (Boyer de Fonscolombe) at Cinchona (nr Valparai (misidentification ?; prey from Kerala; Datta & in Tamil Nadu) by the U.P.A.S.I. staff (see Chakraborti, 1984: 242, Fig. 4a,b (male terminalia, partly Anonymous, 1981: 89). Specimens reared from misidenufed from Jammu & Kashmir), 1986a: 57 (Karnataka ?, rest misidentified 7), 1986b: 11 Pentalonia nigronervosa at Mudigere (in (misidentified from Damdin and Rangpo); Singh et al., Karnataka) and from Aphis citricola and A. 1985: 145, Figs 1-6 (male terminalia;? Chandigarh). craccivora at Agartala (in Tripura) were also seen by me recently. As stated under Paragus auritus Stuckenberg, some of the subsequent references to "serratus" Paragus quadrifasciatus Meigen actually apply to other species of the Paragus quadrifasciatus Meigen, 1822: 181. Lectotype male, serratusMadhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, and except for 2m that are of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, bicolor (q.v.), the rest are of this species. Pondicherry). Knutson et al. (1975: 327) also listed the Indian States of Punjab and Maharashtra in its SPECIMENS EXAMINED : 91m 76f. Pakistan: Cuscoto, range, which need to be confirmed. Singh et al. 9.vU964, lm If [CIBCPJ; Rawalpindi, 20.xi.1964, lm [USNMJ. (1985: 145) figured the male terminaha of a India: DELHI: Delhi, University Ridge, 14. ix.1964, lm (M. specimen without indication of locality, but probably Singh); UTTAR PRADESH: Hapur Road, 2.iii. 1965, lm (VJC. Gupta) [KGC]; 12mi. SW. Bareilly, 190mt, 29.xi.1961, If (£.5. from their home town, Chandigarh [Map 6]. Ross & D.Q. Cavagnaro) [CAS]; WEST BENGAL: Calcutta, PREY RECORDS: The aphids Acyrthosiphon 20.xii.1908, lm^tUSNM]; MADHYA PRADESH^Damoh. pistim"(HaTtis)," A~pfus~ciiricola~vm der Godi, A. 28.1.1967. If (R.S. Gokulpure); same data, 28.vii.1967, If [ILRI]; craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover, Lipaphis Gwalior. 28.xi.1981, lm (KD. Ghorpade A941) [KGC]; erysimi (Kaltenbach), Melanaphis sacchari GUJARAT: Anand, lm If (J.R. Palel) [IAA]; ANDHRA PRADESH: Potunuru, nr Eluru, xi. 1972, If (K. Durga Prasad); (Zehntner), therioaphis trifolii (Monell), and same data, 3.ix.l975. lm If [KGC]; KARNATAKA: Hagedal. Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy). It has also been 10km N. Yelburga, 31.x. 1972. lm (KD. Ghorpade); same reared from undetermined aphids infesting the locality & collector, 4.xii.l974, lm (A149), 12.xii.1974, If following host plants: Brassica sp. (mustard), (A 162). 14.xii.1974, lm (A165), 21.xii.1974, 2m (A 172). 22.xii.1974, lm(A173),23.xii.l974,2m (A174),24.xii.l974, lm Cajanus cajan (red gram), Centaurea iberica, (A176), 15.ii.1977, lm If (A395), 18.ii.1977, lm (A404), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Cnicus wallichi, 23.xi.1980, 2f (A906), 24.xi.1980, lm If (A908), 26.xi.1980, lm Cucumis melo (melon), Eleusine coracana (finger If (A909), 27.xi.1980, lm If (A910); Sandur, nr Bellary, millet), Emblica qfficinalis (Indian gooseberry), 8.xi.l969, 4f (KD. Ghorpade); same locality & collector, 29.xi.1980,3m (A913), 16.vii.1982, If (A980); Mudigere, 970mt, Gossypium spp. (cotton), Ipomoea batatas (sweet ll.xi.1978, lm (KD. Ghorpadi A727); Bangalore, 916mt, potato), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Rosa 13J.1969, 2f (KD. Ghorpade); same locality & collector, spp. (rose), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), vi.1969, If. iv.1970, lm. xii.1970, If, 31.1.1971, lm, i.1971, If, Solarium sp., and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum). Also iii.1971. If.v.l971,3m,vi.l971,3m5f, ll.vii.1971, lf.vii.1971, reared from the psyllid Euphalerus vittatus lm, viii.1971, 3f, xi.1971. lm, i. 1972, lm, ii.1972, 8m 7f, vi. 1972, 2m If, 19 xi.1972. If, 13.iii.1973, lm, vii.1973, lm, Crawford (Homoptera: Psyllidae). See Ghorpade 10.viii.1973, lm, 12.viii.1973, If, viii.1973, lm, 23.vii.1975, 3m (1981: 64-65) for references to original literature for If (A206), 15.i.l976. lm (A266), 26.1.1976, 2m If (A267), the above records. 19.ii.1976, lm (A280), 22.ii.1976, lm (A284), 10.xii.1977. lm Agarwala et al. (1984:18) also gave some of Ihe (A514), 29.xii.1977, lm (A516), 26.i.l978, If (A531), 6.ii.l978, lm (A539), 24.1.1978, If (A545), 24.1.1978, 2m If (A547). above aphids as prey, and undetermined aphids on the 24.1.1978, If (A548), 25.iii.1978, ex Malaise trap, lm (A575), following host plants — Cicer arietinum (Bengal 29.iii.1978, ex Malaise trap, lm (A578), 26.iii.1978, ex Malaise gram), Helianthus tuberosus, Panicum sp., Sinapis sp., trap, lm (A585), ll.vi.1978, if (A622), 29.xii.1978, If (A744). and TJea mays — for "serratus", from India. 16 F.CHRISTIAN THOMPSON & KUMAR GHORPADE [Colemania 5

FLOWER RECORDS: Anacardium FEMALE: Unknown. occidentale (cashewnut), Mangifera indica (mango), SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Holotype male. Philippines: and Tridax procumbens. Datta & Chakraborti (1984: LUZON: Mountain Province, Abatan, Buguias, 60km S. Bontoc 242-243) give Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana 1800-2000mt, A.viA96A(HM. Torrevillas) [BPBM]. camara, Polygonum orientate and Solarium nigrum. Para type male, same data as for holotype [USNM]. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines (Luzon) [Map 1]. Paragus stuckenbergi Thompson, sp. nov. REMARKS: This species is dedicated to (Figs 11,12) Dr Brian R. Stuckenberg of the Natal Museum, Length: 4 mm. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, in recognition of his revisionary work on Paragus species of the MALE: Head: Face and frontal triangle Afrotropical and Oriental Regions. yellow, with yellow pile; oral margin and cheek black, bare; vertical triangle black, shiny, except Paragus yerburiensis Stuckenberg with brownish pollen anterior to anterior ocellus, Paragus yerburiensis Stuckenberg, 1954b: 415, Figs 26-29 (male with black pile except for a few yellow hairs terminalia, abdomen). Holotype male, Sri Lanka: Velveny posteriorly; occiput black, with silvery pollen, with [BMNH] (Pararypes also from Jabalpur, India) SUBSEQUENT REFERENCES: Reiser, 1958: 209 (Sri white pile ventrally becoming yellowish on dorsal Lanka); Knutson el at., 1975: 328 (catalog citation, Sri 1/4; eye pile uniform, short, white; holoptic; eye Lanka, Madhya Pradesh, Nepal); Patnaik & Bhagat, 1976: contiguity about 6-7 ommatidia long. Antenna short, 43, Figs 2a-d (as "Eumerus sp. nr albifrons Walker": only Vi as long as face, brownish black except misidentification; prey records from Orissa); Ghorpade, 1981: 65 (prey from Indian subcontinent); Agarwala et at., orange basoventral V2 of third segement, with black 1983a: 240 (prey from Kalimpong); 1984: 18 (prey from pile; arista brown, short, only about as long as third India). segment; ratio of segments — 1.0 : 1.0 : 2.4. Paragus yerburiensis is the most distinct Thorax: Black; mesonotum shiny, with short golden member of the sazalus-complex, with its ^pile, purictaTeT witrl~puhctures smalf and widely predominantly black coloration. No other species spaced; scutellum shiny, with golden pile, punctate, has the first tergum entirely black behind the punctures and spacing as on mesonotum; pleuron transverse ridge. Additionally, the wholly pale fore with white pollen and pile, with punctures same size femur and the clear wing are helpful characters to as on mesonotum; squama white; halter orange. recognize this species. Perhaps most subsequent Legs: With white pile, orange except brownish references to yerburiensis were based on correctly black as follows: Coxae, trochanters, basal Vi of identified specimens. The Figs 2a-d in Patnaik & front and middle femora, basal VA of hind femur, Bhagat (1976) clearly refer to this species, though middle VA or less of front and middle tibiae, middle they listed it as ' 'Eumerus sp. nr albifrons''! Vi of hind tibia and apical two hind tarsomeres. I (KG) have seen 5m 7f [in TNAU], in addition Wing: Hyaline, microtrichose, except bare as to the 254m and 98f listed below. These were from follows: First and second costal cells, basal Vz of Coimbatore, Nathampatti (Ramnad District, Tamil marginal cell, basal Vs of submarginal cell, partially Nadu) and Samalkota, collected in February and on basal VA of apical cell, basal Vi of discal and from October to December. Some were reared on cubital cells, anterobasal Vi of anal cell and anal aphids infesting hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus), lobe, and all of both basal cells and alula. Abdomen: orange (Citrus sp.), "pulses", red gram (Cajanus Black, shiny, punctate, with punctures small cajan), and sorghum. The prey records of Peregrinus (smaller than the largest ommatidium) and widely maidis (Ashmead) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and of spaced; dorsum with white pile basolaterally on Aphis fabae solanella Theobald are new. each tergum, with black pile apicomedially on each tergum; venter with white pile. Terminalia: Black, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 254m 98f. India: DELHI: Delhi, University Ridge, 15.U977, lm; BIHAR: Ranchi, Namkum, shiny, punctate, with white pile, otherwise as in Figs 3.XU.1955, If, 8.XU.1955, If [KGC]; same locality, 675mt, 11&12. 8.xi.l961, lm (E.S. Ross & D.Q. Cavagnaro) [CAS]; WEST 1985-88] NOTES ON ORIENTAL PARAGUS (DIPTERA : SYRPHIDAE) 17

BENGAL: Sundatbans, lOii.1976. If (S. Biswas B4) [KGC]; 30.ix.1980, lm (A898), 5.x. 1980. lm (A899). x.1980, 2m MADHYA PRADESH: Damoh, 13.vii.1968, If (RS. Gokulpure) (A900), 19.xi.1980, If (A904), 18.xii.1980, If (A916), [ILRI]; ANDHRA PRADESH: Potunura, nr Eluru, 3.ix.l975, If 28.xii.1980, lm(A917),4.x.l981,2m (A928), 30-31i.l982,10m (AT. Ditrga Prasad); same locality & collector, 7.xii.l975, 2f; (A945),6.ii.l982,2m (A946). 21.iv.1982, If (A957).23.vii.1982, Hyderabad, 28.X.1979, ex Peregrinus maidis on Sorghum bicolor. 2m (A985), l.viii.1982, lm (A993); same locality, Cubbon Park, If (K. Anjaneyulu); same data. 30.X.1979, lm; KARNATAKA: 4.xi.l979. lm If (AJi.V. Kumar No. 165); same locality, Hagedal, 10km N. Yelburga, 585mt, 3.xL1972, lm (KD. Hessaraghatta, ix.1979, lm (C. Peter) [KGC]; same locality, GhorpacU); same locality & collector, 9.xii.l974, 2m (A157), Hebbal, c 900mt, 26-31.x. 1977, 2m 3f (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. 11 xii.1974, lm (A160), 13.xii.1974, lm (A163). 14.xii.1974, lm Exp.); same locality, AUalsandra, c. 900mt, 30.xi.1977, lm (A165), 15.xiil974, lm If (A166). 22.xu.1974, If (A173), (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.) [UZM]; same locality, l.xi.1979, 24.xii.1974, If (A 175), 26.xi.1980, lm (A909), 27.xi.1980, 3m If (AJi.V. Kumar No. 161); Bannerghatta Park, 20km S. (A910); Ramandrog. 990mt, 16.xi.1974, lm If (KD. Ghorpade' Bangalore, 6.1.1974. lm (KD. Ghorpade' A85); same locality & A145 & A146); Sandur, nr Bellary, 8.xi.l969, 4m 2f (KD. collector, 27.x. 1977, lm (A494); Ponnampet, Coorg District, Ghorpade); same locality & collector, ll.viii.1972, 2m, 2.iv.l979, lm (PP. Girish); TAMIL NADU: Yercaud. 1370mt, 14.xi.1974. 3m (A143), lZvii.1978. 2m If (A640), 29.xi.1980, 4.iv.l976, lm (KD. Ghorpade A299); 12 km N. Salem, lm (A913) [KGC]; Tarikere area, c. 900mt, 12-17.xi.1977, lm 22.ix.1978, lm (KD. Ghorpade A684) [KGC]; Coimbatore, (Copenhagen Zool. Mus. Exp.) [UZM]; Nandi Hills. 1467mt. 1400ft, x. 1963, If (P. SusaiNathan) [AMNH]; same locality & 28.iii.1979, 7m (KD. Ghorpade A782); Kodagurki, nr Nandi collector, xii.1963, lm [USNM]; Nedungadu, Thanjavur District, Hills, 3.XU.1973, lm (KD. Ghorpade' A45); Bangalore, 916mt, 28.xi.1938, lm (P. Susai Nathan); same locality & collector, 22.xii.1968, lm (KD. Ghorpade); same locality & collector, l.xu.1938, lm If [IRSNB], lO.il9(7). 3f, 26.1.19(7). If. 13.1.1969, If, xii.1969, 4m 4f, i.1970, 3m 4f, ii.1970, lm If, l-5.ii.l9(?), Im,2.ii.l9(?), lm, 7.viii.l9(?), If. 30.xi.l9(?), 2m. iii.1970, lm If, xii.1970, 5m 2f, vii.1971, 3m, viii.1971. If, 5.xii.l9(7), lm If, 15.xii.l9(7), 4m [MCZ]; PONDICHERRY: ix.1971, lm. x.1971, 5m If. 2.i. 1972, If, ii. 1972, 3m 2f, Nitlapakkam. x.1963, lm (P. Susai Nathan) [AMNH]; 19.xi.1972, 4m If. 411973. If. 19.iii.1973. lm. viii.1973, lm. Karumbagaram, Karaikal Territory, 17ii. 19(7), lm (P. Susai xi.1975. If. 14.ii. 1979, 3f, 26.x. 1973, 3m (A31), 27.X.1973, Nathan); KERALA: Walayar forest, 31.xii.1973, If (KD. lm(A32). 2.xi.l973, 2m (A35). 4.xi.l973, 5m 3f (A36), Ghorpade A74) [KGC]. Sri Lanka: CENTRAL PROVINCE: 13.xi.1973, lm (A37), 17.xi.1973, 2m (A38), 27.xi.1973, 2m Dambulla, 6.U.1954, If (F.Keiser); NORTHERN PROVINCE: (A39), 27.xi.1973, lm (A41), 28.xi.1973. 3m (A42), 30.xi.l973. Mankulam, 26.i.l954, lm (F. Keiser); Mannar, 3111954. If (F. 8m If (A43), 6.XU.1973, lm (A50), 9.xii.l973, ex Malaise trap, Keiser); Elephant Pass, 26.1.1954. If (F. Keiser); lm (A53), 1511974, lm (A91), 15.1.1974. ex Malaise trap, lm NORTHWESTERN PROVINCE: Puttalam, 1311954. If (F,_ (A93), 5.X.1975, 4m (A232), 7.x. 1975, 3m (A233), 19.xii.1975, Keiser) [NMB]. Also 14m 9f seen in the collections of the 3m (A265), 15.1.1976. 6m If (A266), 26.1.1976. lm (A267), Smithsonian Sri Lanka Project [USNM]. 19.ii.1976, lm (A280), 14-22.iii.1976, ex Malaise trap, If (A295), 23.ix.1976. If (A346), 511977,5m (A378), 6.1.1977,3m DISTRIBUTION: India (Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, (A379), ll.ix.1977, 2m (A463), 15.ix.1977, If (A464), Bihar, West Bengal, ?Assam, Madhya Pradesh, 27.ix.1977, lm (A473), 4.X.1977, If (A478); 11.x. 1977, lm 2f Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, (A487), 11-13.X.1977, ex Malaise trap, lm (A488), 2.xii.l977, 2f Pondicherry, Kerala), Nepal, Sri Lanka [Map 7]. (A510), 10.xii.1977, lm (A514), 29.xii.1977, 2m (A516), PREY RECORDS: The aphids Aphis citricola 6.ii.l978, lm (A539), 15.ii.1978, lm (A550), 18.ii.1978, 2m (A555), 19.ii.1978. ex Malaise trap. If (A557), 25.iii.1978, ex van der Goot, A. craccivora Koch, A. fabae Malaise trap, lm (A576), 24.viii.1978,2m (A655), 6.ix.l978, lm solanella Theobald, A. gossypii Glover, Brevicoryne (A665), 12.X.1978, If (A702), 21.X.1978, 2m (A711), 29.x. 1978. brassicae (Linnaeus), Lipaphis erysimi lm (A719), 30.x. 1978. ex Malaise trap. If (A721), 18.xi.1978, If (Kaltenbach), Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), (A733), 19.xi.1978, lm (A734), 19.xi.1978, lm If (A735), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Rhopalosiphum maidis 26.xi.1978,2m (A736), 20.xii.l978. 2m (A740), 23.xii.1978, lm (A742). 29.xii.1978, 3m (A744), 29.xii.1978, 2m (A745), (Fitch), Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de l.i.1979, lm (A746), 9.1.1979. lm (A747), 10.1.1979, lm (A750). Fonscolombe), T. citricidus (Kirkaldy), T. odinae 22.1.1979. lm (A759), 28.1.1979. one pair in copula, lm 3f (van der Goot), and Uroleucon compositae (A760), 21-22.ii.1979, ex Malaise trap, If (A761), l.iii.1979, lm (Theobald), besides undetermined aphid species (A769), 2.iii.l979. lm (A770), 25.iii.1979, ex Aphis fabae infesting the following host plants: Cajanus cajan solanella on Solanum nigrum, lm, 21.iv. 1979, feeding on honey- dew of Psylla tsimlae on Bauhinia racemosa, lm (A792), (red gram), Citrus sp. (orange), Lablab purpureus 22.viii.1979, If (A831), 25.viii.1979, 2m If (A832), l.ix.1979, (hyacinth bean), and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) lm (A833), 9.ix.l979, lm (A834), 1.x. 1979, If (A836), [see Ghorpade (1981:65); and Patnaik & Bhagat 22.x. 1979, 2m (A851), 27.x.1979. lm (A852), 10.xi.1979, 2m (1976:45) — misidentified as "Eumerus sp. nr (A858), l.xii.1979. 2m (A862), 8.xii.l979, 2m If (A864), 8-15.xii.1979, ex Malaise trap, 2m (A865), 5.1.1980, lm (A871), albifrons")]. Also on the delphacid Peregrinus 24.ii.1980, 2m (A873), 24.iv.1980, If (A886), 2.iii.l980, 2m maidis (Ashmead), which, along with Aphis fabae (A874), 24.ix.1980. 2m If (A896), 28.ix.1980, 3m If (A897). solanella, is a new prey record. This is the first 18 F. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON & KUMAR GHORPADE [Colemania 5

record of a Delphacidae prey for any species of All, S. 1981. BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY — Paragus. The Founders, the Builders and the Guardians, Part 2. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 78: FLOWER RECORDS: Ageratum conyzoides, 232-239, pis I-m. Anacardium occidentale (cashewnut), Euphorbia All, T.M.M. & Sharatchandra, H.C. 1985. A new record of hina, Guizotia abyssinica (nigerseed), Mangifera Paragus auritus (Syrphidae: Diptera) on root aphid (Foraa indica (mango), Mimosa pudica, and Vicoa indica. orientalis). MilwaiNewsleller, 4:18. Anonymous. 1981. Survey of natural enemy complex of tea Graptomyza latiuscula (Walker), comb. nov. perns. Annual Report, UJ'A.S.I., p.89. Paragus latiusculus Walker, 1861:266. Lectotype female, Tond, Ahmad, T. 1940. A survey of the insect fauna of Afghanistan. Celebes; here designated [BMNH: examined]. Part I. General features of the country and its fauna. Indian Journal of Entomology, 2:159-176. This species was described as a Paragus and Bczzi, M. 1915. The Syrphidae of the Ethiopian Region based on was listed as an unplaced species of that genus in material in the collection of the British Museum (Natural the Oriental Diptera Catalog (Knutson et al., History) with descriptions of new genera and species. iv+146 1975:328). A single female type, present in the pp., 28 figs. British Museum (Natural History), London. BMNH collection, is here designated by me (FCT) Bhatia, H.L. & Shaffi, M. 1933. Life-histories of some Indian as the lectotype. It is a species of Graptomyza Syrphidae. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, Wiedemann (Syrphidae: Eristalinae: Volucellini). 2:543-570, pis LX-LXVH. Bigot, J.-M.-F. 1884. Dipteres nouveaux ou peu connus. 24° Partie, XXXII: Syrphidi (2e partie). Especes nouvelles, Acknowledgements no.DT. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, We thank the persons listed in the museum (6)4:73-116. acronyms section for the loan of material in their Biswas, S., Lahiri, A.R. & Ghosh, A.K. 1974. A preliminary study of the insect fauna of Meghalaya. 2. Diptera, care. We are also grateful to Drs John M. Syrphidae: eleven new records and notes on other species. Kingsolver, Paul M. Marsh, and Robert V. Peterson Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta, 27:23-27. of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Brunetti, E. 1907a. Notes on Oriental Diptera II. Preliminary WashingtonrD.C^ and to Dr WayneHN^Mathis of report on a collection from Simla made ii^April ant^May the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., for 1907. Records of the Indian Museum, 1:166-170. their critical review of this manuscript. One of us 1907b. Notes on Oriental Syrphidae. Part I. Records of the (KG) wishes to thank the Council of Scientific and Indian Museum, 1 =379-380, pis 11-13. Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and the 1908. Notes on Oriental Syrphidae, with descriptions of new species. Part I. Records of the Indian Museum, 2: Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., 49-96. [Plates published as Brunetti, 1907b (q.v.)]. for financial support of his research on the 1913. Zoological results of the Abor Expedition, 1911-12, Syrphidae. He is also appreciative of Dr M. Datta, XI. Diptera. Records of the Indian Museum, 8:149-190, pl.6. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India, for 1915. Notes on Oriental Syrphidae: with descriptions of assistance in his examining the collections of new species. Part n. Records of the Indian Museum, Syrphidae in that institution. 11:201-256, pi. 13. 1917. Diptera of the Simla District. Records of the Indian Literature Cited Museum, 13:59-101. Agarwala, BJC, Dutta, S. & Raychaudhurl, D.N. 1983a. An 1923. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and account of syrphid (Diptera: Syrphidae) predators of aphids Burma. Diptera. Vol.3. Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, available in Darjeeling District of West Bengal and Sikkim. Conopidae, Oestridae. xii+424 pp., 85 figs, 7 pis. Taylor & pp. 238-244. In: B.K. Behura (Ed.) The Aphids (Recent Francis, London. trends in aphidological studies): Proceedings of Symposium 1925. Some notes on Indian Syrphidae, Conopidae and held at Ulkal University, Bhubaneswar, iv+(6)+440 pp. The Oestridae. Records of the Indian Museum, 27:75-79. Zoological Society of Orissa, Bhubaneswar. Das, S.K. & Raychaudhurl, D. 1983. Parasitoids and predators Agarwala, B.K., Sana, S. & Das, S. 1983b. New host records of of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) from India — VI. New some parasites and predators of aphids (Homoptera: records of seven arachnids, one dipteran and one Aphididae) from India. Enlomon, 8: 391-392. neuropteran predators from Himachal Pradesh, India. Agarwala, B.K., Laska, P. & Raychaudhurl, D.N. 1984. Prey Enlomon, 8:27-34. records of aphidophagous syphid flies from India (Diptera, Datta, M. & Chakraborti, M. 1984. On a collection of Flower Syrphidae). Ada Enlomologica Bohemoslovaca, 81:15-21. Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with new records from Jammu 1985-88] NOTES ON ORIENTAL PARAGUS (DIPTERA : SYRPHIDAE) 19

and Kashmir. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Joseph, A.N.T. & Parui, P. 1977. On a small collection of 81:237-253. Diptera from Chota Nagpur, Bihar. Records of the 1986a. On collections of Flower Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) Zoological Survey of India, 72:227-238. from south India. Records of the Zoological Survey of Kciser, F. 1952. Syrphidae (Dipt.) von Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores India, 83:53-67. > and Timor. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden 1986b. New records of Syrphidae from Darjeeling (West Gesellschaft inBasel,63:\53-\75. Bengal) and Sikkim, India, with description of Meliscaeva 1958. Bietrag zur Kenntnis der Syrphidenfauna von darjeelingensis spec. nov. (Diptera). Opuscula Zoologica Ceylon (Dipt.). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 65: 185-239. Fluminensia, 6:1-19. Kcrtesz, K. 1910. Catalogus Dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. de Mcijere, J.C.H. 1906. Diptera. Nova Guinea, 5 (15): 66-99. Vol. 7. Syrphidae, Dorylaidae, Phoridae, Clythiidae. 470 pp. Wilhelm Engelman, Lipsiae, Budapest!ni (= Leipzig, 1914. Studien iiber Sudostasiatische Dipteren. IX. Budapest). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 57: 137-276,3 pis. Knutson, L.V., Thompson, F.C. & Vockeroth, JR. 1975. Dusek, J. & Laska, P. 1967. Versuch zum aufbau eines Family Syrphidae. pp. 307-374. In: M.D. Delfinado & naturlichen systems Mitteleuropaischer artcn der D.E. Hardy (Eds) A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Unterfamilie Syrphinae (Diptera). Ada Scientiarum Region. Vol. 2, pp. x+459. University Press of Hawaii, naturalium Academiae Scientiarum Bohemoslovacae, Honolulu. Brno, 1:349-390. Laska, P. & Stary", P. 1980. Prey records of aphidophagous Dusek, J., Laska, P. & Scdivy, J. 1979. Parasitization of syphid flies from Czechoslovakia (Diptera, Syrphidae). aphidophagous Syrphidae (Diptera) by Icheumonidae Ada Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 77:228-235. (Hymenoptera) in the Palaearctic region. Ada Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 76:366-378. Latreillc, PA. 1804. Tableau methodique des Insectes. pp. 129-200. In: Societe de Naturalistes et d'Agriculteurs; Fabricius I.C. 1794. Entomologia Systematica emendata et Nouveau dictionnaire d'Histoire naturelle, applique aux aucta. Vol. 4,472 pp. C.G. Proft, Copenhagen. arts, principalement a ('agriculture et a l'economie rurale 1805. Systema Antliatorum Secundum Ordines, Genera, et domeslique. Vol. 24 (Sect. 3): Tableaux melhodiques Species. 373+30 pp. Carolum Reichard, Brunswick. d'historic naturelle. 238pp., 5 pis. Paris. Fluke, C.L. 1957. Catalogue of the family Syrphidae in the Mathur, R.N. 1935. On the biology of the Psyllidae (HomopL). Neotropical Region (Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Indian Forest Records, new series, Entomology, 1(2): 35-71. Entomologia,n:\A&\ Mathur,rK.C1983—Aphids of agricultural importancerand their Ghorpade, K.D. 1981. 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Figs 1-8. Wings. (1) Paragus politus Wiedemann; (2) Paragus villipennis Thompson, sp. nov. Puparium. (3-4) Paragus brachycerus Thompson, sp. nov.: (3) dorsal view; (4) hind spiracular process, dorsal oblique view. Male terminalia. (5-6) Paragus annandalei Ghorpade, sp. nov.: (5) lateral view; (6) dorsal view, of tergum 9 and surstylus. (7-8) Paragus rufocinctus (Brunetti): (7) lateral view; (8) dorsal view. 1985-88] NOTES ON ORIENTAL PARAGUS (DIPTERA : SYRPHIDAE) 21

Figs 9-19. Male terminalia. (9-10) Paragus brachycerusThompson, sp. nov.: (9) lateral view;(10) dorsal view. (11-12) Paragus stuckenbergi Thompson, sp. nov.: (11) lateral view; (12) dorsal view. (13) Paragus atralus de Meijere, lateral view of paramere. (14-15) Paragus goeldlini Thompson, sp. nov .: (14) lateral view; (15) dorsal view. (16-17) Paragus villipennis Thompson, sp. nov.: (16) lateral view; (17) dorsal view. (1&-19) Paragus politus Wiedemann: (18) lateral view; (19) dorsal view. 22 F. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON & KUMAR GHORPADfi [Colemania 5

Map 1. Spatial distribution of Paragus: Y///A atratus de Meijere, goeldliniThompson, |||||||| annandaleiGhorpadl, HI stuckenbergi Thompson.

Map 2. Spatial distribution of Paragus rufocinctus (Brunetti), 1985-88] NOTES ON ORIENTAL PARAGUS (DIPTERA : SYRPHIDAE) 23

Map 3. Spatial distribution of Paragus: Y/y/A politus Wiedemann, brachycerus Thompson.

Map 4. Spatial distribution of Paragus crenulalus Thomson. 24 F. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON & KUMAR GHORPADfi [Colemania 5

Spatial distribution of Paragus : ]" 'I auritus Stuckenberg, YJY//A quadrifasciatus Meigcn.

Map 6. Spatial distribution of Paragus serratus (Fabricius).

Map 7. Spatial distribution of Paragus : Y///A bicolor (Fabricius), llllllll yerburiensisStuckenberg.

1100 MILES

0 KILOMETERS

Map 7.