Spies and Espionage in the Cold
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Stalin and the Seat-Of-His-Pants
THE CRITICS | BOOKS hen Richard Sorge – reputedly the greatest spy who ever lived W– was executed by the Japanese on 7 November 1944 his last words were: “The Red Army!”, “The International Communist Party!” and “The Soviet Com- munist Party!”, all delivered in fluent Japa- nese to his captors. Sorge was bound hand and foot, the noose already set around his neck. Tall, blue-eyed, ruggedly good- looking and apparently unperturbed by his imminent demise, Sorge was contributing the perfect denoument to what he might well have assumed was an enduring myth in the making. So much for the myth but, as ever, the truth – or as close as we can get to the truth – is infinitely more compelling, as this fasci- nating biography makes clear. Sorge, suave, calm, facing his death with enviable sang- froid was a far more complex, troubled and rackety figure than the one he cut at his ex- ecution, and is all the more interesting for it. Born in 1895 to a German father and a Russian mother in Baku, an oil town on the Caspian Sea, Sorge had a comparatively set- tled bourgeois upbringing, particularly after the family moved back to Berlin when he was five years old. What radicalised him was the First World War. He enlisted as a soldier when hostilities began and he saw a lot of action, being wounded three times. The slaughter he witnessed on the Western and Eastern fronts made Sorge embrace communism. In the near-civil war that erupted in Germany after the Armistice he joined the Spartacist revolutionaries who saw the future of Ger- many as a utopian workers’ republic. -
A Rumour Exists Among Cambridge Students
A rumour exists among Cambridge students – that they may be discretely and mysteriously tapped on the shoulder during their time there, meaning they have been invited to become a spy. It’s difficult to determine if this is still true; presumably the new spies would be too secretive to let it slip. But many students live in hope for the day they will become the next James Bond. Cambridge has a long-running association with secret intelligence, which has helped, and hindered, Britain through times of war and peace. Reach Cambridge students live and learn in the same university that has been home to many infamous spies – not bad for a residential summer school! We’ll take a look at some of the most famous spies associated with the city. Christopher Marlowe Marlowe is more widely known as a famous playwright, with some suggesting that he is the true author of Shakespeare’s plays. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and it is alleged that it was during this time that he was recruited to be a spy. Elizabeth I presided over the first British Secret Services, used during her reign to gather intelligence against Catholics. Some evidence that Marlowe was involved in these activities is that he left Cambridge for long stretches of time that the university would usually not allow, and when he was in college, he bought much more food and drink than he would have been able to afford on his scholarship money alone. It was apparently the extra money he earned from being a government spy throughout his life which supplemented his income, allowing him to continue writing. -
H-Diplo Article Roundtable Review, Vol. X, No. 24
2009 h-diplo H-Diplo Article Roundtable Roundtable Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane Labrosse Roundtable Web Editor: George Fujii Review Introduction by Thomas Maddux www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables Reviewers: Bruce Craig, Ronald Radosh, Katherine A.S. Volume X, No. 24 (2009) Sibley, G. Edward White 17 July 2009 Response by John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr Journal of Cold War Studies 11.3 (Summer 2009) Special Issue: Soviet Espoinage in the United States during the Stalin Era (with articles by John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr; Eduard Mark; Gregg Herken; Steven T. Usdin; Max Holland; and John F. Fox, Jr.) http://www.mitpressjournals.org/toc/jcws/11/3 Stable URL: http://www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-X-24.pdf Contents Introduction by Thomas Maddux, California State University, Northridge.............................. 2 Review by Bruce Craig, University of Prince Edward Island ..................................................... 8 Review by Ronald Radosh, Emeritus, City University of New York ........................................ 16 Review by Katherine A.S. Sibley, St. Josephs University ......................................................... 18 Review by G. Edward White, University of Virginia School of Law ........................................ 23 Author’s Response by John Earl Haynes, Library of Congress, and Harvey Klehr, Emory University ................................................................................................................................ 27 Copyright © 2009 H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for non-profit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author(s), web location, date of publication, H-Diplo, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses, contact the H-Diplo editorial staff at [email protected]. H-Diplo Roundtable Reviews, Vol. -
Volume 14 Number 004 Kim Philby
Volume 14 Number 004 Kim Philby, Spying for the Other Side I Lead: Polished and elegant, with upper-class education and heritage, Kim Philby in the 1940s rose in the ranks of British intelligence. He was, however, spying for the other side. Intro.: A Moment in Time with Dan Roberts. Content: Harold Adrian Russell Philby grew up in India. Early on his father, a fixture in the British Civil Service there gave him the name Kim, after a Rudyard Kipling character. While studying at Trinity College, Cambridge in the mid-1930s, Philby came under the influence of Professor Maurice Dodd. His mentor reinforced in the boy a powerful trend among intellectuals in that decade. Many of them looked at the socialist experiment in the Soviet Union and believed they had discovered the future, a system that would transform mankind for the better. Ignoring the corrupt, inefficient, brutal and oppressive character of Stalinism, they became quiet, and sometimes not so quiet, champions of communism. Kim Philby became a life-long true believer. In the course of his Cambridge years he was inducted into The Cambridge Conversazione Society, an ancient and secret fraternity devoted primarily to discussion of important topics of the day. While a part of the so-called Apostles, he deepened his friendship with three other devotees of Stalinism, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, and Donald MacLean, at least one of them also an Apostle. Each of the four rose in the ranks of the British government, MacLean as Foreign Office Secretary, the other three in the intelligence service, either MI5 or MI6. -
The Russian-A(Merican) Bomb: the Role of Espionage in the Soviet Atomic Bomb Project
J. Undergrad. Sci. 3: 103-108 (Summer 1996) History of Science The Russian-A(merican) Bomb: The Role of Espionage in the Soviet Atomic Bomb Project MICHAEL I. SCHWARTZ physicists and project coordinators ought to be analyzed so as to achieve an understanding of the project itself, and given the circumstances and problems of the project, just how Introduction successful those scientists could have been. Third and fi- nally, the role that espionage played will be analyzed, in- There was no “Russian” atomic bomb. There only vestigating the various pieces of information handed over was an American one, masterfully discovered by by Soviet spies and its overall usefulness and contribution Soviet spies.”1 to the bomb project. This claim echoes a new theme in Russia regarding Soviet Nuclear Physics—Pre-World War II the Soviet atomic bomb project that has arisen since the democratic revolution of the 1990s. The release of the KGB As aforementioned, Paul Josephson believes that by (Commissariat for State Security) documents regarding the the eve of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, Soviet sci- role that espionage played in the Soviet atomic bomb project entists had the technical capability to embark upon an atom- has raised new questions about one of the most remark- ics weapons program. He cites the significant contributions able and rapid scientific developments in history. Despite made by Soviet physicists to the growing international study both the advanced state of Soviet nuclear physics in the of the nucleus, including the 1932 splitting of the lithium atom years leading up to World War II and reported scientific by proton bombardment,7 Igor Kurchatov’s 1935 discovery achievements of the actual Soviet atomic bomb project, of the isomerism of artificially radioactive atoms, and the strong evidence will be provided that suggests that the So- fact that L. -
Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001
Technical Report 02-5 July 2002 Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001 Katherine L. Herbig Martin F. Wiskoff TRW Systems Released by James A. Riedel Director Defense Personnel Security Research Center 99 Pacific Street, Building 455-E Monterey, CA 93940-2497 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704- 0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DDMMYYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From – To) July 2002 Technical 1947 - 2001 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Katherine L. Herbig, Ph.D. Martin F. Wiskoff, Ph.D. 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. -
Manhattan Project Spies and Oak Ridge, Part 1 (As Published in the Oak Ridger’S Historically Speaking Column on December 1, 2014)
Manhattan Project Spies and Oak Ridge, part 1 (As published in The Oak Ridger’s Historically Speaking column on December 1, 2014) This is the first in a series of four Historically Speaking columns on Manhattan Project spies with connections to Oak Ridge. For many years, I was not sure that any spies were actually in Oak Ridge. Bill Wilcox and I discussed this at length and he too was doubtful at that time. Even though some names were mentioned, evidence seemed lacking. However, of late, so much additional information has been declassified and made available to the public regarding those activities of some 65 – 70 years ago. Much more is now known regarding the detailed activities of those who passed sensitive classified information to the Russians during the Manhattan Project. We will look first at George Koval, next at Klaus Fuchs and finally at Al Slack. Recently there seems to be more and more information coming available about spies during the Manhattan Project. The Spy Who Stole The Urchin: George Koval’s Infiltration of the Manhattan Project by Owen N. Pagano, an Atomic Heritage Foundation intern, posted on the Atomic Heritage Foundation’s web site: http://www.atomicheritage.org/ is the most recent information I have seen about George Koval. Koval is the ONLY official Soviet spy known to have infiltrated the Manhattan Project and the early Cold War era developments. His deep penetration only came to light in the recent past after over 50 years of obscurity. Some of the most notable spies were: George Koval; Theodore “Ted” Hall who was never caught; David Greenglass; Ethel and Julius Rosenberg; Harry Gold; and Klaus Fuchs. -
The Shadow of Kim Philby
Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II Volume 20 Article 8 2015 The hS adow of Kim Philby: Deceit, Betrayal, and British Espionage Literature Kyra McComas Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation McComas, Kyra (2015) "The hS adow of Kim Philby: Deceit, Betrayal, and British Espionage Literature," Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II: Vol. 20 , Article 8. Available at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives/vol20/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. McComas: The Shadow of Kim Philby British Women Travelers 37 38 Historical Perspectives September 2015 of Africa and an understanding of African culture. The Shadow of Kim Philby: Deceit, Be- While Gaunt made racial assumptions about natives, and her racial views furthered existing notions about trayal, and British Espionage Literature race. Hall also brought Victorian notions of race and gender with her to the colonies, which complicated her Kyra McComas role as an ordinary traveler. And Shaw’s writing contributed to discourse on racial dominance and Introduction promoted the colonial agenda. Readers in the Late on the stormy evening of 23 January 1963, metropole could find the race views and ethnocentric pedigreed Cambridge graduate and top British Secret perspectives that these four female travelers adopted Intelligence Service (SIS) Officer Kim Philby boarded in their writing relatable, rather than their experiences the Dolmatova freighter instead of attending a dinner in the African colonies.90 Although these women had party. -
The Gallipoli Gazette OFFICIAL ORGAN of the GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL CLUB LTD
Vol. 50, No.4 (New Series) SUMMER 2020 The Gallipoli Gazette OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE GALLIPOLI MEMORIAL CLUB LTD WW2 spy Agent Sonya later stole Atom Bomb secrets The incredible story behind probably the greatest female spy ever who altered the course of history in her decades as a Russian spy. British housewife, Mrs. brother, Jurgen became a noted Ursula joined the German Ursula Beurton, was a devoted historian-economist who also Communist Party. wife and mother-of-three who dabbled in espionage. Also in 1926 she attended a epitomised rural British dom- This prosperous family lived librarianship academy and the esticity in her quiet Cotswolds in southwest Berlin. In 1918, following year was employed by village of Great Rollright during when aged 11, she acted in a the large Berlin publisher Ullstein World War Two. silent movie, The House of Three Verlag. She was sacked in 1928 She would wave to her Girls. On leaving school Ursula after participating in a May Day neighbours as she pedaled her was apprenticed as a book dealer. rally. bicycle through the Oxfordshire In 1924 she joined the left-leaning For nine months from countryside to gather scientific Free Employees League, the December 1928 she worked in a intelligence from one of the Young Communists and New York book shop. On country's most brilliant nuclear Germany's Red Aid. In 1926 returning to Berlin she married physicists and then transmit it to Rudolf Hamburger, an architect Soviet intelligence head- and fellow Communist quarters via the radio Party member. They set transmitter she was up the Marxist Workers' hiding in her outdoor Library that she headed privy. -
Manhattan Project Spies and Oak Ridge, Part 4 (As Published in the Oak Ridger’S Historically Speaking Column on December 29, 2014)
Manhattan Project Spies and Oak Ridge, Part 4 (As published in The Oak Ridger’s Historically Speaking column on December 29, 2014) Continuing with the fourth and final installment of the Historically Speaking series on Manhattan Project Spies with connections to Oak Ridge, we now examine Al Slack, according to Dr. John Googin’s autobiography, Al Slack was a shift supervisor at Y-12 during the Manhattan Project. Alfred Dean Slack was born in 1906. He worked at the Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester, NY, where he first sold commercial information first to Richard Briggs, thinking it was going to a competitor of Kodak, but learned it was actually going to the Soviet Union. Later after Briggs sudden death, Slack was handed off by Soviet agents to Harry Gold who became the courier to provide the information to the Soviet Union. Harry Gold (December 11, 1911 - August 28, 1972) was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Russian Jewish immigrants. By 1940, Gold was a recruited Soviet agent assigned the codename GUS, or GOOSE. As often happens with Historically Speaking, these articles on spies in Oak Ridge have produced several contacts with people who have additional information. I received a contact from Mike Finn concerning Al Slack. Mike said, “I have a personal connection. My family has had a farm in Webster, NY (just outside Rochester) for over a century. From time to time I heard stories about the spy who lived next door in the late 1930’s, early 40’s, and who moved to Oak Ridge. They mentioned the name of Harry Gold.” Mike continued, “I was a bit skeptical and wanted to know more. -
Spy-Traitors
INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION SUMMER SERIES OF THE HISTORY OF ESPIONAGE LECTURE 9: SPY-TRAITORS TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 Richard Sorge 1895-1944 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 The Cambridge Five: Cairncross, Blunt, Burgess, Philby, Maclean TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 Alger Hiss 1904-1996 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 Julius Rosenberg 1918-1953 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 Klaus Fuchs 1911-1988 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 Theodore Hall 1925-1999 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 John le Carre TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 Richard Miller, FBI TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 Surveillance photo: Richard Miller and Svetlana Ogorodnikova TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 Betty Pack “Cynthia” TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 John Profumo and Christine Keeler TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 “Hi brucet, the hottest man in the world! My name is Nastya and I’m from Russia, but currently I live in the USA. I just wanted you to know that I liked you from your photos and would like to know more about you. Let me know if you would like to get in touch, here is my email [email protected]. Cheers, Nastya.” —Suspicious invitation from a suspected Russian agent, recently received by Bruce Thompson TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 Bruce T. Paul N. TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 “The hottest man in the world,” or the target of a Russian “honey trap”? TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 TuesdayAugust 27, 2019 Ronald Pelton, NSA b. -
Robert Meeropol Was Only Six Years Old When His Parents, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Were Executed for Espionage
Robert Meeropol was only six years old when his parents, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, were executed for espionage. Now Meeropol is fighting to exonerate his mother while continuing to build his life’s work — an organization that provides support for the children of targeted activists. by BRIAN SHORT 30 LSA Magazine / SPRING 2016 PHOTO Space arrow minimum 8 to 9 picas from end of text. align with an element SPRING 2016 / LSA Magazine 31 all have moments in our lives when Weeverything in the world seems to stop. The wind drops. The clouds slow their crawl across the sky. Something deep is happening inside of us, some unseen reshaping whose eventual consequences we can feel but not see. For Robert Meeropol (A.B. ’69, M.A. ’70, C.A. ’72), one of those moments occurred during the fall of 1986. Meeropol had recently finished a yearlong clerkship, and he was preparing to start his new position as an attorney at a local law firm. He delayed the start of his job to be with his family, and he took one day — September 10 — to spend alone before his new career officially began. Meeropol found a secluded field in the Green Mountains of Vermont and ate his sandwich among the asters and goldenrod. Sitting there, Meeropol had a deep feeling of being at peace with the world, but not with the job he was about to start. The moment is described two-thirds of the way through Meeropol’s memoir An Execution in the Family. It is a rare moment of rest in a life of tragedy, tumult, movement, and action, a life whose story began at the dawn of the atomic age.