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WILLIAM CAREY MISSIONARY PIONEER and STATESMAN First Published January I926

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WILLIAM CAREY MISSIONARY PIONEER and STATESMAN First Published January I926 WILLIAM CAREY MISSIONARY PIONEER AND STATESMAN First published January I926 Made a,id Printed in Great Britain 6y T1<nr6ull 6- Sp,ars, Edinb#rg-h vVII.LIAM CAREY WILLIAM CAREY MISSIONARY PIONEER AND STATESMAN By F. DEAVILLE WALKER EDITOR OF u TH8 FOREIGN FIBLD '' AUTHOR OF India aHd Ji,r Peoples Tiu: Catt o/tlte Dark Continent, etc. WNDON STUDENT CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT 32 RUSSELL SQUARE, W.C.I 1926 EDITORIAL NOTE Tms volume is the sixth of a uniform series of new missionary biographies, in the production of which a group of unusually able writers are collaborating. While these volumes contain a large amount of valuable new material, this is not their main objective. The aim rather is to give to the world of to-day a fresh interpretation and a richer under­ standing of the life and work of great missionaries. The enterprise is being undertaken by the United Council for Missionary Education, for whom the series is published by the Student Christian Movement. K.M. A. E. C. U.C.M.E. 2 EATON GATIII S.W.l AUTHOR'S PREFACE WILLIAM CAREY'S life-work falls into two distinct periods : the English period when, almost single­ handed, he faced and overcame the prevailing indifference and hostility to missionary effort, thought out a well-developed scheme, published his amazing" Enquiry," and in the end almost compelled timid and hesitating men to form a Society for the evangelization of the world; and the Indian period, during which he put his ideas into practice, de­ veloping almost every form of missionary agency, translating the Scriptures into numerous languages, founding a splendid Christian college, and winning the confidence of one Governor-General after another. From being a simple shoemaker and village preacher, this man became so skilled a linguist that at the age of forty he was appointed Professor of Bengali, Sanskrit, and Marathi in the Governor-General's college in Calcutta-a post he filled with distinction for thirty years. The more deeply we study the abundant records of Carey's life, the greater he is seen to be : a unique figure, towering above both contemporaries and successors. Taking his life as a whole it is not too much to say that he was the greatest and most versatile Christian missionary sent out in modern times. This book is not a history of the beginnings of the Baptist Missionary Society, nor even of the Seram­ pore Mission, but a pen-portrait of Carey himself; 6 6 Wi!Nam Carey even his great colleagues, Marshman and Ward, are treated as little more than accessories to the central figure. The author has endeavoured to portray the development of Carey's mind as well as the growth of his soul, to trace the psychology of his call and the factors that helped to mould his life. Free use has been made of the older biographies, especially J. C. Marshman's great Life and Times of Carey, Marshman and Ward, published in 1859. Eustace Carey's Memoirs of Dr Carey (1836} has also been used : it is a strange jumble of letters, reminiscences and wearying comments, but contains much useful information. The more recent volumes by Dr Culross and Dr George Smith have hardly been consulted. at all, the author choosing rather to go back to older and original sources. A consider­ able part of this book was written before the writer became aware that the Rev. S. Pearce Carey was engaged on an exhaustive study of the life and work of his great-grandfather, and then it seemed desirable that the present volume should be an entirely independent study ; the author has therefore of set purpose carefully refrained from reading or in any way consulting Mr Pearce Carey's book. · The present volume will be found to contain not a little new matter. In addition to careful search through parish registers, Church minute books, and other documents, the author has been able to make a very careful study of a large number of manu­ script letters-amounting to upwards of a thousand of closely written quarto sheets. He has devoted a good deal of time to the books that C~rey himself read and a number of the sermons that in­ fluenced Carey in his early years. Specially important Author's Preface 7 -and quite original-is the use made of the Northampton Mercury; a patient study of the old files of that excellent weekly paper has convinced the author of its influence upon Carey during the formative period of his life. This is ground hitherto unexplored by Carey's biographers. Contemporary biography has also been used extensively-the lives of Fuller, Ryland, John Thomas, Charles Grant, David Brown, Buchanan, Henry Martyn, Alexander Duff, Wilberforce, the Marquis Wellesley, Lord Hastings, Earl Amherst, Lord William Bentinck, and others. During the four years of research and writing the author has visited all the scenes of Carey's early life and work in England, as well as those at Serampore. The book makes no claim to be exhaustive; the defects doubtless are many, but it is hoped that its inaccuracies will be found to be few. The author will be satisfied if, in spite of its shortcomings, the book brings home the great message of Carey's life as expressed in his own immortal words- " Atte~pt great things for God, Expect great things from God." F.D.W. Smcup, October 1925 CONTENTS PAGE AUTHOR'S PREFACE 5-7 C'HAP. I. CHILDHOOD IN THE WEAVERS' COTTAGE ]l II. BOYHOOD AT THE VILLAGE SCHOOL 17 III. THE SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE 28 IV. EARLYWORKASA VOLUNTARY PREACHER 44 V. MOULTON AND THE MISSIONARY CALL . 52 VI. LEICESTER : DAYS OF TRIAL AND CON- FLICT 70 VII. THE ENQUIRY: CAREY'S FIRST GREAT ACHIEVEMENT • 78 .VIII. THE FORMATION OF THE BAPTIST Mrs­ SIONARY SOCIETY 92 IX. PLANNING THE CAMPAIGN 104 X. FACING THE PROBLEMS 118 XI. THE VOYAGE TO INDIA 129 XII. INDIA WHEN CAREY LANDED 134 XIII. ARRIVAL IN INDIA: DARK DAYS 148 XIV. INTO THE WILDERNESS 156 8 Contents 9 CHAP, l'AAUI XV. MuDNABATTY-CAREY's SECOND APPREN- TICESHIP 166 XVI. PLANNING A FORWARD MOVEMENT 182 XVII. A REFUGE UNDER THE DANISH FLAG 198 XVIII. A WONDERFUL YEAR AT SERAMPORE: THE MISSION ESTABLISHED 201 XIX. CONVERTS, TRIALS, AND PROGRESS '220 XX. CAREY BECOMES A COLLEGE PROFESSOR 282 XXI. SERVICE FOR HUMANITY 242 XXII. THE GREATEST FIGHT OF ALL 248 XXIII. THE SCRIPTURES IN FORTY LANGUAGES 269 XXIV. FOUNDING A COLLEGE 287 XXV. SORROW UPON SORROW 295 XXVI. CAREY'S PRIVATE LIFE AT SERAMPORE.. 802 XXVII. "NOT A SINGLE DESIRE UNGRATIFIED" 810 INDEX 817 Scale of' ,Xiles 07 Sl34S_6 'The Scene of' the first period of' William Car~s Life-"7ork. CHAPTER I CHILDHOOD IN THE WEAVERS' COTTAGE A.D. 1761-1767. Age 1-6 yeara. OuR story begins in the quiet village of Paulerspury, near Towcester, in the county of Northamptonshire. Paulerspury lies some three or four hundred yards from the great high road from London to Chester­ the famous Watling Street, along which, in the dim past, the Roman legions marched. Often has that ancient road witnessed the passing of kings and men of war advancing to battle--Saxons, Danes, Normans; the armies of the White and Red Rose have tramped along it ; the stern cavalry of Rupert and Cromwell have thundered past. But Paulerspury lay sleeping in its quiet retreat hard by-hidden from the gaze of passing warriors, and scarce changing as the years rolled on. In the latter half of the eighteenth century the thrill of romance had gone ; the heraldry and dis• play of Plantagenet and Tudor times had disappeared from Watling Street, and the greatest excitement the village boys could hope for was the passing of a few horsemen, the stage-coach from London to Liverpool, or the big wheeled stage-wagons, drawn by six or eight horses, that carried merchandise from the capital to Lancashire and Cheshire. Starting every Monday and Thursday from the Axe Inn in Aldermanbury, those lumbering wagons accomplished 11 12 W-illiam Carey the journey in ten days-or eleven in winter, when the days were short and the roads worse than usual. Quiet indeed was the sweet English countryside in those days. The population of the whole kingdom did not exceed eight million souls, and the inhabi­ tants of London only numbered something like six hundred thousand. The provincial towµs were sur­ prisingly small.1 · To a very large extent the England of those days, like the India of to-day, was a hind of villages, and for that reason the population was the more evenly spread out over the whole land. Northamptonshire was one of the most populous of the English shires. Every two or three miles the thatched houses of a village nestled cosily around an ancient church, the tower of which formed the most conspicuous land­ mark for the neighbourhood. Paulerspury, a very typical Northamptonshire village, is said to have had, at that time, a population of about eight hun­ dred. It was in a small thatched cottage 2 in this village that William Carey was born on August 17th, 1761. William's parents, Edmund and Elizabeth Carey, were weavers, and from early morning until nightfall their little two-storied dwelling with its high-pitched roof vibrated with the dull thud of the loom on which they earned their daily bread. In the stem school of privation Edmund Carey had learned the lessons of industry and thrift. At the age of seven his father's death had left him the chief comfort of his 1 In I 773 the population of Liverpool was 3\4,000, Birmingham less than 30,000, Manchester and Salford 27,000, and Bolton only 5000.
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