DOCSLIB.ORG

Copyright © 2014 James Ryan West All Rights Reserved. the Southern

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Copyright © 2014 James Ryan West All Rights Reserved. the Southern Copyright © 2014 James Ryan West All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. EVANGELIZING BENGALI MUSLIMS, 1793–1813: WILLIAM CAREY, WILLIAM WARD, AND ISLAM A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by James Ryan West May 2014 APPROVAL SHEET EVANGELIZING BENGALI MUSLIMS, 1793–1813: WILLIAM CAREY, WILLIAM WARD, AND ISLAM James Ryan West Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Thomas J. Nettles (Chair) __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin __________________________________________ George H. Martin Date______________________________ I dedicate this dissertation to my family: Danielle, David, Sally, and John West; James and Joy West; Danny and Judy Henley. Thank you for your support. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... viii PREFACE .......................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................1 The State of Carey-Ward Scholarship ................................................................2 Secondary Source Material ........................................................................ 2 Primary Source Material ............................................................................ 7 Primary Research Question, Thesis, and Parameters ..........................................9 Statement of Primary and Secondary Research Questions ...................... 10 Statement of Thesis .................................................................................. 10 Statement of Parameters .......................................................................... 10 Importance of the Study ........................................................................... 13 Dissertation Summary and Overview of Context .............................................14 Dissertation Summary ............................................................................. 14 Overview of Context ................................................................................ 17 2. WILLIAM CAREY AND WILLIAM WARD: PHILOSOPHY OF MISSIONS ........................................................................24 Philosophy of Missions Stated ..........................................................................27 God’s Sovereignty and Millennial Expectations Provide an Assured Hope .........................................................................39 Basis of Mission: God is Able to Establish His Glory ............................ 39 Milliennial Expectations: God Will Establish His Glory ........................ 45 Hopes Realized: God is Establishing His Glory ...................................... 48 iv Chapter Page A Close Communal Life ...................................................................................52 The Centrality of Indigenous Leadership ..........................................................60 Conclusion ........................................................................................................79 3. CAREY, WARD, AND ISLAM: AN ENCOUNTER IN BRITISH COLONIAL BENGAL ...............................................................81 Practical Category for Bengali Islam: Folk Islam .............................................82 Mixture of Hinduism and Islam ............................................................... 83 A Textless Religion ................................................................................. 89 Nascent Islamic Theology ....................................................................... 91 Bengali Muslim Leadership: Fakiers ....................................................... 92 Bengali Sufism ......................................................................................... 98 Carey and Ward’s Evaluation of Bengali Islam ..............................................100 Bengali Islam within the Indian Caste System ...................................... 101 Bengali Muslims and Superstition ......................................................... 111 Bengali Muslims and Ignorance ............................................................ 114 Bengali Muslims Were “Hindoos” Too ................................................. 116 Conclusion ......................................................................................................121 4. WILLIAM CAREY’S MINISTRY TO BENGALI MUSLIMS ........................123 Carey’s Perceived Responsibility to Muslims ................................................124 Carey Initiating Dialogue ................................................................................127 Muslims Initiating Dialogue ...........................................................................133 Carey’s Message to Bengali Muslims .............................................................135 Evangelistic Success among Muslims ............................................................142 Conclusion ......................................................................................................148 5. WILLIAM WARD’S MINISTRY TO BENGALI MUSLIMS .........................149 v Chapter Page Ward’s Primary Contribution: The Derby Printer ..........................................149 Ward’s Understood Contribution .......................................................... 149 Ward’s “Paper Missionaries”: Printed Scriptures and Pamphlets—Their Impact ....................................................... 154 Ward’s “Paper Missionaries”: The How of Distribution ....................... 159 Ward’s Secondary Contribution: A Minister in Bengal ..................................167 Evangelizing Bengali Muslims Personally ............................................ 167 Pastor at Calcutta and Serampore .......................................................... 178 Conclusion ......................................................................................................180 6. THE FULLER-WARD PRINCIPLE: SELECTIVE REPRESENTATION ......................................................................................181 Selective Representation Established ..............................................................181 The Process of Selective Representation ........................................................189 The Selective Representation Process ................................................... 189 The Principle Applied: Additions .......................................................... 194 The Principle Applied: Omissions ......................................................... 196 A Nearly Faultless Process of Selective Representation ................................201 The “Persian Pamphlet” ......................................................................... 202 Tensions and Resolutions in Bengal ...................................................... 208 Tensions and Resolutions in England .................................................... 221 Conclusion ......................................................................................................229 7. CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................231 vi Page Fuller as Editor ................................................................................................231 Philosophy of Missions ...................................................................................233 Islam as Understood by Carey and Ward ........................................................234 Carey, Ward, and Ministry to Muslims ...........................................................235 Conclusion ......................................................................................................238 Appendix EXAMPLES OF WARD’S JOURNAL COMPARED TO FULLER’S PUBLISHED VERSION ......................................................239 February 29, 1802 ...........................................................................................239 Ward’s Journal ....................................................................................... 240 The Periodical Accounts ........................................................................ 240 May 16, 1803 ..................................................................................................240 Ward’s Journal ....................................................................................... 241 The Periodical Accounts ........................................................................ 241 August 3, 1806 ................................................................................................241 Ward’s Journal ....................................................................................... 242 The Periodical Accounts ........................................................................ 242 BIBLIOGRAPHY 243 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BMS Baptist Missionary Society EIC East India Company LMS London Missionary Society SLCF Second London Confession of Faith (1689) SFA Serampore Form of Agreement (1805) viii PREFACE Many stories contain aspects that remain untold.
Load more
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

269 pages remaining, click to load more.

Recommended publications
  • The Church Missionary Society and the Christians of Kerala, 1813-1840
    Half-Brothers in Christ: The Church Missionary Society and the Christians of Kerala, 1813-1840 by Joseph Gerald Howard M. A. (History), University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 2010 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Joseph Gerald Howard 2014 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2014 Approval Name: Joseph Gerald Howard Degree: Master of Arts (History) Title: Half-Brothers in Christ: The Church Missionary Society and the Christians of Kerala, 1813-1840 Examining Committee: Chair: Aaron Windel Assistant Professor of History Paul Sedra Senior Supervisor Associate Professor of History Derryl MacLean Supervisor Associate Professor of History Mary-Ellen Kelm Supervisor Professor of History Laura Ishiguro External Examiner Assistant Professor Department of History University of British Columbia Date Defended: August 28, 2014 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Abstract In the 1810s, the Church Missionary Society (CMS) established the College at Cottayam in south India to educate boys intended for the priesthood in the local, indigenous church. While their goal was to help the church, their activities increased British power in the community. The results of CMS involvement included increasing interference of British officials in matters internal to the Malankara Church (e.g., episcopal succession), tacit recognition of the authority of colonial courts to resolve disputes in the church, and the fragmentation of the St. Thomas Christian community. These effects reshaped the church into something more consistent with British Christianity and more subject to British rule. Keywords: British Empire; Christianity; India; mission iv Dedication In memory of M.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Vision of the Serampore Quartet Has Come Full Circle
    Oxford Centre for Christianity and Culture, Centre for Baptist History and Heritage and Baptist Historical Society The heritage of Serampore College and the future of mission From the Enlightenment to modern missions: how the vision of the Serampore Quartet has come full circle John R Hudson 20 October 2018 The vision of the Serampore Quartet was an eighteenth century Enlightenment vision involving openness to ideas and respect for others and based on the idea that, for full understanding, you need to study both the ‘book of nature’ and the ‘book of God.’ Serampore College was a key component in the working out of this wider vision. This vision was superseded in Britain by the racist view that European civilisa- tion is superior and that Christianity is the means to bring civilisation to native peoples. This view had appalling consequences for native peoples across the Empire and, though some Christians challenged it, only in the second half of the twentieth century did Christians begin to embrace a vision more respectful of non-European cultures and to return to a view of the relationship between missionaries and native peoples more akin to that adopted by the Serampore Quartet. 1 Introduction Serampore College was not set up in 1818 as a theological college though ministerial training was to be part of its work (Carey et al., 1819); nor was it a major part, though it remains the most visible legacy of, the work of the Serampore Quartet.1 Rather it came as an outgrowth of the wider vision of the Serampore Quartet — a wider vision which, I will argue, arose from the eighteenth century Enlightenment and which has been rediscovered as the basis for mission in the second half of the twentieth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Serampore: Telos of the Reformation
    SERAMPORE: TELOS OF THE REFORMATION by Samuel Everett Masters B.A., Miami Christian College, 1989 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Religion at Reformed Theological Seminary Charlotte, North Carolina December, 2010 Accepted: ______________________________ Dr. Samuel Larsen, Project Mentor ii ABSTRACT Serampore: the Telos of the Reformation Samuel E. Masters While many biographies of missionary William Carey have been written over the last two centuries, with the exception of John Clark Marshman’s “The Life and Times of Carey, Marshman and Ward: Embracing the History of the Serampore Mission”, published in the mid-nineteenth century, no major work has explored the history of the Serampore Mission founded by Carey and his colleagues. This thesis examines the roots of the Serampore Mission in Reformation theology. Key themes are traced through John Calvin, the Puritans, Jonathan Edwards, and Baptist theologian Andrew Fuller. In later chapters the thesis examines the ways in which these theological themes were worked out in a missiology that was both practical and visionary. The Serampore missionaries’ use of organizational structures and technology is explored, and their priority of preaching the gospel is set against the backdrop of their efforts in education, translation, and social reform. A sense is given of the monumental scale of the work which has scarcely equaled down to this day. iii For Carita: Faithful wife Fellow Pilgrim iv CONTENTS Acknowledgements …………………………..…….………………..……………………...viii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………….9 The Father of Modern Missions ……………………………………..10 Reformation Principles ………………………………………….......13 Historical Grids ………………………………………………….......14 Serampore and a Positive Calvinism ………………………………...17 The Telos of the Reformation ………………………………………..19 2.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT on ACTIVITIES in CREATING AWARENESS and COOPERATION AMONG ORTHODOX and EVANGELICAL CHURCHES in INDIA Fr
    REPORT ON ACTIVITIES IN CREATING AWARENESS AND COOPERATION AMONG ORTHODOX AND EVANGELICAL CHURCHES IN INDIA Fr. Dr. Jossi Jacob Holy Trinity Theological College, Addis Ababa The history of the interactions between the Orthodox Church in India and the Evangelical Traditions goes back to early nineteenth century. In spite of the ruptures and tremors of the past the relationship and interactions had reaped mutual benefits too. We could trace in-numerous events of mutual interactions which happened in the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty first centuries. Several of the events had gone without any written records. I would like to particularly highlight the travels made by two of our luminary bishops to the western countries in the first half of the twentieth century. Those visionary leaders of the Church travelled extensively in the western European countries to make contacts and interactions with the Churches of Protestant traditions. In turn they had visitors from these respective Churches visiting the Malankara Orthodox Church and staying in the monasteries which these two bishops had found. There attempts were before the formal inception of the international ecumenical bodies. Later on the founding of the World Council of Churches, in the inception of which the Orthodox Church in India has played a role too, has added momentum to the fraternal ties between the traditions. Exploring to the early part of the 19th century, it is made clear that the cooperation in the beginning was mainly made in publishing the Holy Scripture, and in promoting western form of education in Keralite1 society. Later it has developed into theological higher education.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Spirituality on Thousand Years Old Cuttack City in Business
    American International Journal of Available online at http://www.iasir.net Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences ISSN (Print): 2328-3734, ISSN (Online): 2328-3696, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3688 AIJRHASS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) Impact of Spirituality on Thousand Years Old Cuttack City in Business Management and Communication Pintu Mahakul Doctoral Candidate, Department of Business Administration Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur-760007, Odisha, INDIA Abstract: This is true that human beings live with many hopes and attitudes in society and cooperation, integration, business and exchanging services become inevitable parts of life. Management of social affairs and communication become main aspects of society and thousand years old Cuttack city stands to witness success where people of many languages, caste, colours, religions and ideologies unite for brotherhood. Keeping great cultural and spiritual heritage of this city ahead and observing continuous degradation of values in modern society this study comes within mind to know about impact of spirituality on city which binds people in one thread of love and teaches values and ethics for management of society and business. Skill of effective communication is the medium of interaction and we learn values of communication having this study. This again keeps importance for developing new theories of communication for business management basing on spiritual perspectives and values drawn from Cuttack city. Reviewing historical literature and going deep to this study we know that spiritual movement positively impacts people and spiritual environment is field of sustainable development.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book
    "We do not to aspire be historians, we simply profess to our readers lay before some curious reminiscences illustrating the manners and customs of the people (both Britons and Indians) during the rule of the East India Company." @h£ iooi #ld Jap €f Being Curious Reminiscences During the Rule of the East India Company From 1600 to 1858 Compiled from newspapers and other publications By W. H. CAREY QUINS BOOK COMPANY 62A, Ahiritola Street, Calcutta-5 First Published : 1882 : 1964 New Quins abridged edition Copyright Reserved Edited by AmARENDRA NaTH MOOKERJI 113^tvS4 Price - Rs. 15.00 . 25=^. DISTRIBUTORS DAS GUPTA & CO. PRIVATE LTD. 54-3, College Street, Calcutta-12. Published by Sri A. K. Dey for Quins Book Co., 62A, Ahiritola at Express Street, Calcutta-5 and Printed by Sri J. N. Dey the Printers Private Ltd., 20-A, Gour Laha Street, Calcutta-6. /n Memory of The Departed Jawans PREFACE The contents of the following pages are the result of files of old researches of sexeral years, through newspapers and hundreds of volumes of scarce works on India. Some of the authorities we have acknowledged in the progress of to we have been indebted for in- the work ; others, which to such as formation we shall here enumerate ; apologizing : — we may have unintentionally omitted Selections from the Calcutta Gazettes ; Calcutta Review ; Travels Selec- Orlich's Jacquemont's ; Mackintosh's ; Long's other Calcutta ; tions ; Calcutta Gazettes and papers Kaye's Malleson's Civil Administration ; Wheeler's Early Records ; Recreations; East India United Service Journal; Asiatic Lewis's Researches and Asiatic Journal ; Knight's Calcutta; India.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews
    Numen 60 (2013) 135–154 brill.com/nu Book Reviews Protestantisch-westliche Mission und syrisch-orthodoxe Kirche in Kerala. Von den Anfängen bis 1840. By Reinhold Wagner. Wiesbaden: Harassowitz Verlag, 2011. 197 pp. ISBN 978–3447064279 (pbk.) Reinhold Wagner’s book is a welcome and well-researched study of a less- known chapter of the history of India. It focuses on the relations between the Syriac Orthodox Church in Kerala and Protestant missionaries in the eigh- teenth and nineteenth centuries (1750–1840). The study draws from rich docu- mentation, analyzed in much detail by the author, and provides a precise picture of the complex relations between Protestant missionaries from the Anglican Church Missionary Society (CMS) and the Syrian Orthodox Christians. In an opening chapter of the book (pp. 3–18), the author discusses the early contacts between Protestant missionaries and the Syriac Church of Kerala at the time of the Dutch occupation of the region. One of the fijirst documents about the South Indian Christian communities that was handed over to a Prot- estant group is a report written in Dutch and dating from approximately 1715. This text aside, Protestant missionaries based in Tranquebar had few relations with the Christian communities on the coast of Malabar. In a memorandum of 1810, and against the opinion of Anglican circles, two German missionaries expressed a reticence to hire members of Syriac Orthodox clergy as fellow mis- sionaries. This is a good example of the ambiguity of relations between Protes- tant missionaries and Syrian Orthodox Christians — an ambiguity that would persist during the whole period covered by the present book.
    [Show full text]
  • Missionary Position: the Irony of Translational Activism in Colonial Orissa Debendra K
    Document generated on 09/29/2021 9:26 a.m. TTR Traduction, terminologie, re?daction Missionary Position: The Irony of Translational Activism in Colonial Orissa Debendra K. Dash and Dipti R. Pattanaik Traduction engagée Article abstract Translation and Social Activism Translating was crucial to the missionary project everywhere, especially after Volume 18, Number 2, 2e semestre 2005 the Protestant Reformation. In their competition to expand their reach, various denominations of missionaries not only translated the Scriptures into the URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/015766ar various local languages where they went, but also mediated various modern DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/015766ar institutions like the school system, health-care and print-technology in those traditional societies. These institutions and the activity of translation were often the means to achieve the ultimate goal of proselytization. Their rate of See table of contents success in achieving their goal in different places varied for several reasons. In places like Orissa where there was a deep-rooted cultural and religious tradition, their rate of success was very low. Even the forces of modernity they Publisher(s) tried to mediate were regarded with suspicion for a long time on account of the peculiar political condition prevalent in Orissa at that time. Their activism in Association canadienne de traductologie Orissa during the early part of 19th century was conflated with colonial hegemony. Moreover, the racial and cultural pride of missionaries prevented ISSN them from respecting the local condition and culture. Therefore, the 0835-8443 (print) translations they undertook were perceived as ridiculous and were summarily 1708-2188 (digital) rejected.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright © 2019 Matthew Marvin Reynolds All Rights Reserved. the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Has Permission To
    Copyright © 2019 Matthew Marvin Reynolds All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THE SPIRITUALITY OF WILLIAM WARD __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Matthew Marvin Reynolds May 2019 APPROVAL SHEET THE SPIRITUALITY OF WILLIAM WARD Matthew Marvin Reynolds Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin (Chair) __________________________________________ Thomas J. Nettles __________________________________________ Joseph C. Harrod Date______________________________ I dedicate this dissertation to God, my Father in Christ. From its inception, it has felt that this endeavor has hung on a thread. But time and time again, God has orchestrated circumstances in just such a way as to make continued progress—and ultimately completion possible. To Him be all the glory. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... vii PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ viii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • William Carey: Did You Know? Little-Known Or Remarkable Facts About William Carey
    Issue 36: William Carey: 19th c. Missionary to India William Carey: Did You Know? Little-known or remarkable facts about William Carey Dr. R.E. Hedland is missionary lecturer for the Conservative Baptist Fellowship Mission Society in Mylapore, India. He is the author of The Mission of the Church in the World (Baker, 1991). William Carey translated the complete Bible into 6 languages, and portions into 29 others, yet he never attended the equivalent of high school or college. His work was so impressive, that in 1807, Brown University conferred a Doctor of Divinity degree on him. William Carey is often called the Father of Modern Protestant Missions. But the first European Protestant missionaries to Asia arrived almost a century before he did. By the time Carey established his mission community, there were thousands of Christians in a Pietist-led settlement in southern India. William Carey’s ministry sparked a new era in missions. One historian notes that his work is “a turning-point; it marks the entry of the English-speaking world on a large scale into the missionary enterprise—and it has been the English-speaking world which has provided four-fifths of the [Protestant] missionaries from the days of Carey until the present time.” Due to an illness, Carey lost most of his hair in his early twenties. He wore a wig for about ten more years in England, but on his way to India, he reportedly threw his wig in the ocean and never wore one again. This famous phrase is the best-known saying of William Carey, yet Carey never said it this way.
    [Show full text]
  • July-September 2016, Volume 18 No. 1
    DIALOGUE QUARTERLY Volume-18 No. 1 July-September, 2016 Subscription Rates : For Individuals (in India) Single issue Rs. 30.00 Annual Rs. 100.00 For 3 years Rs. 250.00 For Institutions: Single Issue Rs. 60.00 in India, Abroad US $ 15 Annual Rs. 200.00 in India, Abroad US $ 50 For 3 years Rs. 500.00 in India, Abroad US $ 125 All cheques and Bank Drafts (Account Payee) are to be made in the name of “ASTHA BHARATI”, Delhi. Advertisement Rates : Outside back-cover Rs. 25, 000.00 Per issue Inside Covers Rs. 20, 000.00 ,, Inner page coloured Rs. 15, 000.00 ,, Inner full page Rs. 10, 000.00 ,, DIALOGUE QUARTERLY Editorial Advisory Board Mrinal Miri Jayanta Madhab Editor B.B. Kumar Consulting Editor J.N. Roy ASTHA BHARATI DELHI The views expressed by the contributors do not necessarily represent the view-point of the journal. © Astha Bharati, New Delhi Printed and Published by Dr. Lata Singh, IAS (Retd.) Secretary, Astha Bharati Registered Office: 27/201 East End Apartments, Mayur Vihar, Phase-I Extension, Delhi-110096. Working Office: 23/203 East End Apartments, Mayur Vihar, Phase-I Extension, Delhi-110096 Phone : 91-11-22712454 e-mail : asthabharati1@gmail.com web-site : www. asthabharati.org Printed at : Nagri Printers, Naveen Shahdara, Delhi-32 Contents Editorial Perspective 7 Intellectual mercenaries, the Post-Independence Avataras of the Hindu Munshis 1. North-East Scan Assam Floods: Another Perspective 11 Patricia Mukhim Manipur: Maintaining Sanity in the Times of Chaos 14 Pradip Phanjoubam 2. Pre-Paninian India Linguistic Awareness from Rig Veda to Mahabharata 17 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of William Ward and Joshua and Hannah Marshman A
    The Legacy of William Ward and Joshua and Hannah Marshman A. Christopher Smith magine an ellipse, with Calcutta and Serampore the focal youngermen whobecame his closest missionary colleagues also I points. A city and a suburban town in pre-Victorian Ben­ require notice. During the late eighteenth century Ward and the gal, separated from each other by twelve miles of the River Marshmanslived in important Britishports, in contrast to Carey, Hooghly. One British, one Danish. In those locations, a pioneer who never saw the sea before he sailed to India. Ward lived for band of British Baptists worked for several decades after 1800. several years in Hull, which was a key English port for the North Between those fixed points, they sailed several times a week for Sea and thus Germanic and Nordic Europe. The Marshmans various reasons-enough to make one wonder what sort of lived for decades in Bristol, which was a node of the triangular mission enterprise focused on that short axis. Thence developed Atlantic trade in African slaves and sugar. Ward and Marshman a tradition that would loom large in the history of the so-called sailed outto India together in 1799,the latterwith a wife and son, modern missionary movement. the other with neither, although the one who would become his The founding father of the Baptistmission at Serampore was wife also traveled with them on the American, India-bound ship William Carey.' An Englishman who sailed to Bengal in 1793, Criterion. By all accounts, both men had a promising missionary Carey keptresolutely to a twelve-mile stretchof river for 35 years career ahead of them withthe BaptistMissionarySociety (BMS).2 (after 1799) never departing from it.
    [Show full text]