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A Multiplatform Pseudo Terminal
A Multi-Platform Pseudo Terminal API Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Masters' Degree in Computer Science By Qutaiba Mahmoud Supervised By Dr. Clinton Jeffery ABSTRACT This project is the construction of a pseudo-terminal API, which will provide a pseudo-terminal interface access to interactive programs. The API is aimed at developing an extension to the Unicon language to allow Unicon programs to easily utilize applications that require user interaction via a terminal. A pseudo-terminal is a pair of virtual devices that provide a bidirectional communication channel. This project was constructed to enable an enhancement to a collaborative virtual environment, because it will allow external tools such to be utilized within the same environment. In general the purpose of this API is to allow the UNICON runtime system to act as the user via the terminal which is provided by the API, the terminal is in turn connected to a client process such as a compiler, debugger, or an editor. It can also be viewed as a way for the UNICON environment to control and customize the input and output of external programs. Table of Contents: 1. Introduction 1.1 Pseudo Terminals 1.2 Other Terminals 1.3 Relation To Other Pseudo Terminal Applications. 2. Methodology 2.1 Pseudo Terminal API Function Description 3. Results 3.1 UNIX Implementation 3.2 Windows Implementation 4. Conclusion 5. Recommendations 6. References Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Clinton Jeffery, for his support, patience and understanding. Dr. Jeffery has always been prompt in delivering and sharing his knowledge and in providing his assistance. -
Chapter 1 Introducing Python
3 Chapter 1 Introducing Python 1.1: Introduction Python is a programming language that is both simple and powerful. For those who have struggled with learning programming languages in the past, this may come as a pleasant surprise. This chapter describes some of the main features of Python and its use as a programming language to write scripts for ArcGIS. The logic and struc- ture of this book and the accompanying exercises is described, followed by some examples of how Python is used. The final part of this chapter intro- duces Python editors that make it easier to write and organize your code. 1.2: Exploring the features of Python Python has a number of features that make it the programming language of choice for working with ArcGIS. Among them: It’s simple and easy to learn: Python is easy to learn compared with other highly structured programming languages like C++ or Visual Basic. The syntax is simple, which gives you more time to focus on solving problems than having to learn the language itself. It’s free and open source: Python is free and open source software ( FOSS ). You can freely distribute copies of the software, read the source code, make changes to it, and use pieces of it in new free programs. One of the reasons Python works so well is that it has been created, and is constantly being improved, by an active and dedicated user community. The FOSS nature of Python makes it possible for Esri to distribute Python with ArcGIS software. It’s cross platform: Python is supported on different platforms, includ- ing Windows, Mac, Linux, and many others. -
Introduction to Shell Programming Using Bash Part I
Introduction to shell programming using bash Part I Deniz Savas and Michael Griffiths 2005-2011 Corporate Information and Computing Services The University of Sheffield Email [email protected] [email protected] Presentation Outline • Introduction • Why use shell programs • Basics of shell programming • Using variables and parameters • User Input during shell script execution • Arithmetical operations on shell variables • Aliases • Debugging shell scripts • References Introduction • What is ‘shell’ ? • Why write shell programs? • Types of shell What is ‘shell’ ? • Provides an Interface to the UNIX Operating System • It is a command interpreter – Built on top of the kernel – Enables users to run services provided by the UNIX OS • In its simplest form a series of commands in a file is a shell program that saves having to retype commands to perform common tasks. • Shell provides a secure interface between the user and the ‘kernel’ of the operating system. Why write shell programs? • Run tasks customised for different systems. Variety of environment variables such as the operating system version and type can be detected within a script and necessary action taken to enable correct operation of a program. • Create the primary user interface for a variety of programming tasks. For example- to start up a package with a selection of options. • Write programs for controlling the routinely performed jobs run on a system. For example- to take backups when the system is idle. • Write job scripts for submission to a job-scheduler such as the sun- grid-engine. For example- to run your own programs in batch mode. Types of Unix shells • sh Bourne Shell (Original Shell) (Steven Bourne of AT&T) • csh C-Shell (C-like Syntax)(Bill Joy of Univ. -
UNIX System Services Z/OS Version 1 Release 7 Implementation
Front cover UNIX System Services z/OS Version 1 Release 7 Implementation z/OS UNIX overview z/OS UNIX setup z/OS UNIX usage Paul Rogers Theodore Antoff Patrick Bruinsma Paul-Robert Hering Lutz Kühner Neil O’Connor Lívio Sousa ibm.com/redbooks International Technical Support Organization UNIX System Services z/OS Version 1 Release 7 Implementation March 2006 SG24-7035-01 Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page xiii. Second Edition (March 2006) This edition applies to Version 1 Release 7 of z/OS (5637-A01), and Version 1, Release 7 of z/OS.e (5655-G52), and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2003, 2006. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Notices . xiii Trademarks . xiv Preface . .xv The team that wrote this redbook. .xv Become a published author . xvi Comments welcome. xvii Chapter 1. UNIX overview. 1 1.1 UNIX fundamentals . 2 1.1.1 UNIX objectives . 2 1.1.2 What people like about UNIX . 2 1.1.3 What people don’t like about UNIX . 3 1.1.4 UNIX operating system . 3 1.1.5 UNIX file system . 4 1.1.6 Parameter files . 6 1.1.7 Daemons. 6 1.1.8 Accessing UNIX . 6 1.1.9 UNIX standards. 7 1.1.10 MVS and UNIX functional comparison . 8 1.2 z/OS UNIX System Services fundamentals . -
Recovering from Operating System Crashes
Recovering from Operating System Crashes Francis David Daniel Chen Department of Computer Science Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, USA Urbana, USA Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Abstract— When an operating system crashes and hangs, it timers and processor support techniques [12] are required to leaves the machine in an unusable state. All currently running detect such crashes. program state and data is lost. The usual solution is to reboot the It is accepted behavior that when an operating system machine and restart user programs. However, it is possible that after a crash, user program state and most operating system state crashes, all currently running user programs and data in is still in memory and hopefully, not corrupted. In this project, volatile memory is lost and unrecoverable because the proces- we use a watchdog timer to reset the processor on an operating sor halts and the system needs to be rebooted. This is inspite system crash. We have modified the Linux kernel and added of the fact that all of this information is available in volatile a recovery routine that is called instead of the normal boot up memory as long as there is no power failure. This paper function when the processor is reset by a watchdog. This resumes execution of user processes after killing the process that was explores the possibility of recovering the operating system executing when the watchdog fired. We have implemented this using the contents of memory in order to resume execution on the ARM architecture and we use a periodic watchdog kick of user programs without any data loss. -
Mengenal Sistim Operasi *BSD
Mengenal Sistim Operasi *BSD Ada banyak sekali tulisan-tulisan yang membahas tentang BSD, baik tulisan mengenai sejarah, system administrasi, sampai penggunaan BSD kepada end-user sebagai desktop. Tulisan ini memperkenalkan BSD sebagai alternatif lain dari Linux untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan UNIX-like operating system di Indonesia. Dalam tulisan ini pula, dibahas mengenai beberapa hal yang membedakan antara Linux dan BSD, namun tidak memutuskan mana yang paling baik, karena untuk menentukan mana operating system yang paling baik digunakan adalah Anda sendiri. Daftar Isi 1. Sejarah 2. Distribusi Varian BSD 3. Model Pengembangan 4. Integrasi System 5. Software-software di BSD 6. System Administrasi 7. File System 8. Lain-lain 9. Kesimpulan Sejarah Hampir semua orang telah mendengar Linux saat ini. Namun apa itu BSD? BSD adalah singkatan dari Berkeley Software Distribution. BSD pertama kali dibangun dan dikembangkan oleh Computer System Research Group (CSRG) di University of California at Berkeley (UCB), BSD pertama kali keluar pada akhir 1977 sebagai paket tambahan dan patch dari AT&T UNIX version 6, yang mana waktu itu beroperasi pada mesin PDP-11 minicomputer. BSD pada akhirnya banyak memberikan kontribusi berharga pada pengembangan UNIX secara umum. Ada banyak fitur yang pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh BSD dan beberapa diadopsi dari AT&T dan vendor-vendor lainnya. BSD dibuat, dikembangkan, dan digunakan secara BEBAS sebagai perlawanan terhadap lisensi UNIX yang dimiliki oleh AT&T dan oleh karena itu BSD mempunyai lisensi tersendiri yang memungkinkan setiap orang bebas melakukan pengembangan, dan menggunakan source code BSD. Pada tahun 1993, 4.4BSD dirilis sebagai sebuah Operating System yang utuh. Untuk sejarah lengkap BSD di CSRG, mulai sejarah dari jaman kuda, motivasi orang-orang yang pertama kali mengerjakannya, sampai perseteruan lisensi dan hak cipta dengan AT&T, saya mereferensikan Anda untuk membaca tulisan yang dibuat oleh Kirk McKusick, “Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix“. -
Acronis True Image 2021
Acronis True Image 2021 USER GUIDE Table of contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................7 1.1 What is Acronis® True Image™? ................................................................................................ 7 1.2 New in this version .................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Backups created in Acronis True Image 2020 or later ............................................................... 8 1.4 System requirements and supported media ............................................................................. 9 1.4.1 Minimum system requirements .................................................................................................................... 9 1.4.2 Supported operating systems ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.4.3 Supported file systems .................................................................................................................................. 10 1.4.4 Supported Internet connection types ......................................................................................................... 11 1.4.5 Supported storage media ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.5 Installing Acronis True Image 2021 ..........................................................................................12 -
Linux Shell Scripting Cookbook Second Edition
Linux Shell Scripting Cookbook Second Edition Over 110 practical recipes to solve real-world shell problems, guaranteed to make you wonder how you ever lived without them Shantanu Tushar Sarath Lakshman BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI Linux Shell Scripting Cookbook Second Edition Copyright © 2013 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. First published: January 2011 Second edition: May 2013 Production Reference: 1140513 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-78216-274-2 www.packtpub.com Cover Image by Parag Kadam ([email protected]) Credits Authors Project Coordinator Shantanu Tushar Shiksha Chaturvedi Sarath Lakshman Proofreader Reviewers Linda Morris Rajeshwari K. John C. Kennedy Indexer Hemangini Bari Anil Kumar Sudhendu Kumar Production Coordinator Aravind SV Shantanu Zagade Acquisition Editor Cover Work Kartikey Pandey Shantanu Zagade Lead Technical Editor Ankita Shashi Technical Editors Jalasha D'costa Amit Ramadas Lubna Shaikh About the Authors Shantanu Tushar is an advanced GNU/Linux user since his college days. -
Linux Shell Scripting Tutorial V2.0
Linux Shell Scripting Tutorial v2.0 Written by Vivek Gite <[email protected]> and Edited By Various Contributors PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Mon, 31 May 2010 07:27:26 CET Contents Articles Linux Shell Scripting Tutorial - A Beginner's handbook:About 1 Chapter 1: Quick Introduction to Linux 4 What Is Linux 4 Who created Linux 5 Where can I download Linux 6 How do I Install Linux 6 Linux usage in everyday life 7 What is Linux Kernel 7 What is Linux Shell 8 Unix philosophy 11 But how do you use the shell 12 What is a Shell Script or shell scripting 13 Why shell scripting 14 Chapter 1 Challenges 16 Chapter 2: Getting Started With Shell Programming 17 The bash shell 17 Shell commands 19 The role of shells in the Linux environment 21 Other standard shells 23 Hello, World! Tutorial 25 Shebang 27 Shell Comments 29 Setting up permissions on a script 30 Execute a script 31 Debug a script 32 Chapter 2 Challenges 33 Chapter 3:The Shell Variables and Environment 34 Variables in shell 34 Assign values to shell variables 38 Default shell variables value 40 Rules for Naming variable name 41 Display the value of shell variables 42 Quoting 46 The export statement 49 Unset shell and environment variables 50 Getting User Input Via Keyboard 50 Perform arithmetic operations 54 Create an integer variable 56 Create the constants variable 57 Bash variable existence check 58 Customize the bash shell environments 59 Recalling command history 63 Path name expansion 65 Create and use aliases 67 The tilde expansion 69 Startup scripts 70 Using aliases 72 Changing bash prompt 73 Setting shell options 77 Setting system wide shell options 82 Chapter 3 Challenges 83 Chapter 4: Conditionals Execution (Decision Making) 84 Bash structured language constructs 84 Test command 86 If structures to execute code based on a condition 87 If. -
Learning the Bash Shell, 3Rd Edition
1 Learning the bash Shell, 3rd Edition Table of Contents 2 Preface bash Versions Summary of bash Features Intended Audience Code Examples Chapter Summary Conventions Used in This Handbook We'd Like to Hear from You Using Code Examples Safari Enabled Acknowledgments for the First Edition Acknowledgments for the Second Edition Acknowledgments for the Third Edition 1. bash Basics 3 1.1. What Is a Shell? 1.2. Scope of This Book 1.3. History of UNIX Shells 1.3.1. The Bourne Again Shell 1.3.2. Features of bash 1.4. Getting bash 1.5. Interactive Shell Use 1.5.1. Commands, Arguments, and Options 1.6. Files 1.6.1. Directories 1.6.2. Filenames, Wildcards, and Pathname Expansion 1.6.3. Brace Expansion 1.7. Input and Output 1.7.1. Standard I/O 1.7.2. I/O Redirection 1.7.3. Pipelines 1.8. Background Jobs 1.8.1. Background I/O 1.8.2. Background Jobs and Priorities 1.9. Special Characters and Quoting 1.9.1. Quoting 1.9.2. Backslash-Escaping 1.9.3. Quoting Quotation Marks 1.9.4. Continuing Lines 1.9.5. Control Keys 4 1.10. Help 2. Command-Line Editing 2.1. Enabling Command-Line Editing 2.2. The History List 2.3. emacs Editing Mode 2.3.1. Basic Commands 2.3.2. Word Commands 2.3.3. Line Commands 2.3.4. Moving Around in the History List 2.3.5. Textual Completion 2.3.6. Miscellaneous Commands 2.4. vi Editing Mode 2.4.1. -
A Method for the Recovery of Data After a Computer System Failure: The
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1992 A method for the recovery of data after a computer system failure: the development of Constant Random Access Memory (CRAM) Recovery System Renford Adolphus Benito Brevett Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Computer Sciences Commons, and the Engineering Education Commons Recommended Citation Brevett, Renford Adolphus Benito, "A method for the recovery of data after a computer system failure: the development of Constant Random Access Memory (CRAM) Recovery System " (1992). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 9977. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/9977 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Script Programming with Perl
Script Programming with Perl 15-123 Systems Skills in C and Unix Scripting Languages • Many routine programming tasks require custom designed solutions, environments and approaches – Extracting data from a roster file • Scripting languages are ideal for tasks that do not require a “high level” compiled language solution – Some argue that this is the real way to learn programming – No need to worry about static typing • Scripts are widely used as backend processing languages for web based applications – Authenticate passwords – Extract data from a database – Create dynamic web pages Popular Scripting Languages • JavaScript – Client side processing based on a built in browser interpreter • PHP – Server side processing • Python – Object oriented, interpreted, data structures, dynamic typing, dynamic binding, rapid application development, binding other programming components • Perl – Also you can call it an “ interpreted ” language (more later) Perl • An interpreted scripting language – Practical extraction and Report Language – Developed as a tool for easy text manipulation and report generation • Why Perl – Easy scripting with strings and regex – Files and Processes • Standard on Unix • Free download for other platforms What’s good for Perl? • Scripting common tasks • Tasks that are too heavy for the shell • Too complicated (or short lived) for C First Perl Program #! usr/bin/perl –w print (“hello world \n”); • How does this work? – Load the interpreter and Execute the program • perl hello.pl An interpreted language • Program instructions