Nyhetsradio Om Skillnaderna I Korta Riksnyhetssändningar Mellan Två Kommersiella Radiostationer Och Public Serviceradion
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Institutionen för kommunikation och design Nyhetsradio Om skillnaderna i korta riksnyhetssändningar mellan två kommersiella radiostationer och public serviceradion. Daniel Olausson & Erik Sundberg ___________________________________________________________________________ Examensarbete 15 hp Handledare: Titti Forsslund Journalistik (C-nivå) Medieproduktion och journalistik Höstterminen 2007 Högskolan i Kalmar Authors: Daniel Olausson and Erik Sundberg Title: News radio Level: BA thesis in journalism Location: University of Kalmar Language: Swedish Number of pages: 77 Key words: Sweden, Sveriges Radio, Mix Megapol, Rix FM, radio, news, commercial radio, public service radio, quantitative content analysis, qualitative research interview Abstract The purpose of this BA-thesis was to learn the differences in news broadcasts between one public service radio channel and two commercial radio channels. To do this we used a quantitative analysis method to examine the content of the news broadcasts and then we conducted in-depth interviews with several people working with the different radio channels using a qualitative research interview method to learn their views on news and news broadcasting. We measured the differences between the channels in six areas: subject, headline, news presentation, gender, advertising and sources. Our two main theories were normative theory and media logic. The results found that there were several major differences between the public service radio channel and the two commercial radio channels. Apart from several important differences in the six measured categories we also found that the sound and tone in the public service radio channel was very different from the two commercial radio channels. We also found the public service radio channels news broadcasts to be more serious than the two commercials ones’. 2 INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING 1. INLEDNING OCH PROBLEMOMRÅDE...................................................................................................... 4 1.1 INLEDNING.................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 SYFTE OCH FRÅGESTÄLLNINGAR................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 AVGRÄNSNINGAR ........................................................................................................................................ 4 2. BAKGRUND..................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 SVERIGES RADIO......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 PRIVAT LOKALRADIO ................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Marknaden idag.................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Svårt ekonomiskt................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2.3 En radio i förändring.......................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 RIX FM....................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.4 MIX MEGAPOL ........................................................................................................................................... 13 2.5 NÄRRADIO.................................................................................................................................................. 14 2.6 TILLSTÅND ................................................................................................................................................. 16 3. TEORI OCH TIDIGARE FORSKNING....................................................................................................... 19 3.1 NYHETSLOGIK............................................................................................................................................ 19 3.2 MEDIELOGIKEN .......................................................................................................................................... 20 3.3 NORMATIV TEORI ....................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5 TIDIGARE FORSKNING................................................................................................................................22 3.6 BEGREPP ................................................................................................................................................... 28 4. UNDERSÖKNINGENS GENOMFÖRANDE ............................................................................................. 29 4.1 METOD ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 4.1.1 Kvantitativ innehållsanalys ................................................................................................................ 29 4.1.2 Kvalitativ forskningsintervju .............................................................................................................. 30 4.2 MATERIAL .................................................................................................................................................. 30 4.2.1 Urval................................................................................................................................................... 31 4.2.2 Exempelsändning................................................................................................................................32 4.2.3 Kategorier och variabler.................................................................................................................... 34 4.2.4 Metodkritik ......................................................................................................................................... 36 5. RESULTAT OCH ANALYS ......................................................................................................................... 37 5.1 NYHETERNAS AVGRÄNSNINGAR ............................................................................................................... 38 5.2 ÄMNEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 39 5.3 KÄLLOR ..................................................................................................................................................... 44 5.4 NYHETSFORMAT ........................................................................................................................................ 49 5.5 REKLAM ..................................................................................................................................................... 53 5.6 REDAKTIONELLA PRIORITERINGAR ........................................................................................................... 54 5.7 SAMMANFATTNING .................................................................................................................................... 58 6. SLUTSATSER OCH DISKUSSION............................................................................................................ 61 6.1 SERIÖSA OCH OSERIÖSA NYHETER........................................................................................................... 64 6.2 RADIOLJUD OCH RADIOPRAT .................................................................................................................... 67 6.3 SAMMANFATTNINGSVIS ............................................................................................................................. 71 6.4 FÖRSLAG TILL VIDARE FORSKNING........................................................................................................... 72 7. REFERENSER............................................................................................................................................... 74 BILAGA 1: Radiotablå – tablåer över respektive stations nyhetssändningar BILAGA 2: Radionyheter – utskriven exempelsändning från respektive station BILAGA 3: Kodschema – variabler, variabelvärden och kodinstruktioner BILAGA 4: Kodschema – det färdigkodade materialet BILAGA 5: Intervjuguide – det som låg till grund för våra intervjuer 3 1. INLEDNING OCH PROBLEMOMRÅDE 1.1 Inledning Sedan den svenska radiomarknaden släpptes fri 1993 har kommersiella radiostationer lockat allt fler lyssnare för vart år som går, samtidigt som antalet lyssnare minskar på public serviceradion (Sifo, 2007). En fast punkt både i reklamfinansierad och licensfinansierad radio är nyheterna och allt fler förlitar sig numera på de kommersiella radiostationernas rapportering. Om och hur skiljer sig då nyhetsrapporteringen i public serviceradion jämfört med de kommersiella kanalerna? Vad är det för nyheter och händelser som uppmärksammas på de olika kanalerna? Finns det bättre eller sämre journalistik sett utifrån de professionella yrkesetiska reglerna? Detta kommer vi att ta upp och utveckla närmare i kommande