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9788132224709.Pdf Advanced Structured Materials Vijay Kumar Thakur Manju Kumari Thakur Editors Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites Processing and Properties Advanced Structured Materials Volume 75 Series editors Andreas Öchsner, Southport Queensland, Australia Lucas F.M. da Silva, Porto, Portugal Holm Altenbach, Magdeburg, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8611 Vijay Kumar Thakur • Manju Kumari Thakur Editors Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites Processing and Properties 123 Editors Vijay Kumar Thakur Manju Kumari Thakur Mechanical and Materials Engineering Division of Chemistry Washington State University Himachal Pradesh University Pullman, WA Shimla, Himachal Pradesh USA India ISSN 1869-8433 ISSN 1869-8441 (electronic) Advanced Structured Materials ISBN 978-81-322-2469-3 ISBN 978-81-322-2470-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2470-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015940723 Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer India 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To my parents and teachers who helped me become what I am today. Vijay Kumar Thakur Preface Nanotechnology has proven to be a potential technology that is rapidly emerging in wider areas such as medicine, electronics and food technology by manipulating nanomaterials for various applications. Nanotechnology is the engineering and art of developing new materials on a nanoscale. A nanomaterial is defined as a discrete entity that has at least one of its dimension as 100 nm or less. It may include any of the following nano forms: nanoparticles, nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, nanoclays, nanofibres, nanowhiskers and nanosheets to name a few. The applica- tions of nanomaterials are quite broad. Due to their unique properties, the appli- cation of nanomaterials in various scientific fields, including environmental sciences, has increased greatly. It is well known that the performance of polymer materials can be greatly enhanced by dispersion of nanometre-size materials. Such materials are called polymer nanocomposites and have the interesting characteristic that the mechanical properties; the barrier properties; the thermal properties and some others such as flammability and water adsorption can be greatly enhanced with addition of a small amount of filler (usually less than 10 wt %). Indeed, polymer nanocomposite (PNC) is a promising multidisciplinary research activity in the field of material research that might expand the utilization of poly- mers in various industrial applications. The use of polymers has been extended in different fields as PNC enhances the properties of polymer to obtain a product with essentially a new set of properties. It is expected that the transition from micro to nano materials increases the surface area-to-volume ratio. This in turn results in a prominent increment of the behaviour of the atoms on the surface of the nanom- aterials. It affects the properties of the nanomaterials when they react with other nanomaterials. Due to the higher specific surface area of nanomaterials, interaction with other nanomaterials within the mixture becomes more intense. This conse- quently results in positive properties, such as high temperature capability, resistance against corrosion, noise damping, low in cost/manufacturer, ductile, high specific stiffness and strength high thermal conductivity, and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Another advantage of polymer nanocomposites is that it could be fab- ricated via rapid and precise manufacturing methods, such as injection molding, compression molding, vacuum bag molding, contact molding, and resin transfer vii viii Preface molding. Therefore, polymeric nanocomposites are speculated as appropriate options in overcoming the inherent restrictions of microcomposite and monolithic, while posing preparation challenges related to the control of elemental composition and stoichiometry in the nano-cluster phase. Within the development of polymer nanocomposites, there are challenges and limitations. Today, mankind is aware of eco-friendliness that has led to growing attention in reducing environmental impact cause by traditional polymer nano- composites. The rise in environmental awareness has further led governments to make more stringent regulations as well as researchers to explore new eco-friendly polymer nanocomposites. Such nanocomposites obtained by using eco-friendly materials and techniques as well as incorporating nanofillers to biopolymers, are extremely promising products because they provide better properties with conser- vation of the material biodegradability, environmental friendliness, easy processing, impressive physico-mechanical properties, avoiding eco-toxicity. This assists in evolution of simpler chemical processes or innovative designed product for future generations by the chemical industries that should create least environmental impact. An interest in naturally available renewable materials has been developed due to the global environmental concern. Numerous studies are underway on the preparation and applications of eco-friendly polymer nanocomposites. Keeping in mind the immense advantages of eco-friendly polymer nanocom- posites, this book primarily focuses on the processing and properties of different eco-friendly polymer nanocomposites procured from diverse sustainable resources and techniques. Several critical issues and suggestions for future work are com- prehensively discussed in this book with the hope that the book will provide deep insight into the state of art of “Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites”. We would like to thank the Publisher for the invaluable help in the organisation of the editing process. Finally, we would like to thank our parents for their continuous encouragement and support. Vijay Kumar Thakur Manju Kumari Thakur Contents Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposite—Properties and Processing ......................................... 1 Pei Dong, Raghavan Prasanth, Fangbo Xu, Xifan Wang, Bo Li and Ravi Shankar Biodegradable Starch Nanocomposites ........................ 17 N.L. García, L. Famá, N.B. D’Accorso and S. Goyanes Nanocomposites of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes: Chemical and Biological Properties........ 79 A.P. Lemes, T.L.A. Montanheiro, F.R. Passador and N. Durán Biodegradable Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites ................... 109 Leandro Ludueña, Juan Morán and Vera Alvarez Static and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Coir Fiber/Montmorillonite Nanoclay-Filled Novolac/Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites ................................... 137 Sudhir Kumar Saw Multifunctionalized Carbon Nanotubes Polymer Composites: Properties and Applications ................................ 155 Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli, Samira Bagheri and S.M. Sapuan Metallic Nanocomposites: Bacterial-Based Ecologically Benign Biofabrication and Optimization Studies ................. 215 Kannan Badri Narayanan, Anil K. Suresh and Natarajan Sakthivel Bio-based Wood Polymer Nanocomposites: A Sustainable High-Performance Material for Future ............. 233 Ankita Hazarika, Prasanta Baishya and Tarun K. Maji ix x Contents Water Soluble Polymer-Based Nanocomposites Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals .................................... 259 Johnsy George, S.N. Sabapathi and Siddaramaiah Bionanocomposites of Regenerated Cellulose Reinforced with Halloysite Nanoclay and Graphene Nanoplatelets: Characterizations and Properties ............................ 295 Mohammad Soheilmoghaddam, Raheleh Heidar Pour, Mat Uzir Wahit and Harintharavimal Balakrishnan Cellulose Nanofiber for Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites....... 323 Ida Idayu Muhamad, Mohd Harfiz Salehudin and Eraricar Salleh Cellulose Acetate Nanocomposites with Antimicrobial Properties ..... 367 Adina Maria Dobos, Mihaela-Dorina Onofrei and Silvia Ioan Eco-friendly Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibers-Based Nanocomposites for Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering ........ 399 Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny and Isra H. Ali Soy Protein- and Starch-Based Green Composites/Nanocomposites: Preparation, Properties, and Applications ........................................ 433 Rekha Rose Koshy, Siji K. Mary, Laly A. Pothan and Sabu Thomas Multicomponent Polymer Composite/Nanocomposite Systems Using Polymer Matrices from Sustainable Renewable Sources ....... 469 Carmen-Alice Teacă and Ruxanda Bodîrlău Green Synthesis of Polymer Composites/Nanocomposites
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