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United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit ______No
In the United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 19-3129 WISCONSIN CENTRAL LTD., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SOO LINE RAILROAD COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee. ____________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 1:16-cv-04271 — Andrea R. Wood, Judge. ____________________ ARGUED SEPTEMBER 25, 2020 — DECIDED MARCH 31, 2021 ____________________ Before RIPPLE, BRENNAN, and ST. EVE, Circuit Judges. BRENNAN, Circuit Judge. Decades ago, railroad company Wisconsin Central, Ltd. entered into an agreement that included the purchase of rail lines from Soo Line Railroad Company. Part of that agreement allocated responsibility for future environmental liabilities. Years later, contamination was discovered near one of those lines in Ashland, Wisconsin on the shore of Lake Superior. 2 No. 19-3129 The railroads jointly defended and settled responsibility for the investigation and remediation of that site. Then they each sought indemnification from the other. The district court awarded summary judgment to Soo Line for damages, attor- neys’ fees, and costs. On appeal, the railroads dispute when a claim was first asserted, and how much of the cost of defending and settling the matter was related to the rail lines and their operation. In- demnification under the agreement turns on both issues. I. In a 1987 Asset Purchase Agreement (“Agreement”) Wis- consin Central purchased various assets of Soo Line’s Lake States Transportation division, including physical rail lines in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan (“LST”).1 The Agree- ment provided for a detailed allocation of liability and indem- nification of each party by the other. -
Rebel Girls Women in the Mesabi Iron Range Strike of 1916
Rebel Women in the Mesabi Iron Range Strike of 1916 grants from southern and eastern strike, ardently tackling the chal- Europe— had walked away from their lenges confronting the miners. jobs in early June. The IWW stepped Mining company officials refused to in to organize the workers and helped recognize any of the strike demands Girls draft a list of strike demands that and hired over 1,000 armed guards David LaVigne included higher wages, a shorter to protect their properties and mon- work day, payday twice per month, itor the strikers’ actions. Just prior to abor activist Elizabeth Gurley and eradication of a labor system Flynn’s coming, fatal clashes between L Flynn was no stranger when she that paid miners not by a daily rate, strikers and mining company police arrived in Duluth on July 11, 1916. As but for the amount of ore produced. had provided county law enforce- early as 1907 Flynn had advocated Commenting on the demands shortly ment authorities an excuse to arrest for the rights of Minnesota workers, after her arrival, Flynn declared that and jail the IWW’s chief organizers. and she was nationally known as an mining companies were “taking Undeterred, Flynn traveled back and orator with the Industrial Workers of millions of dollars worth of ore from forth across the Mesabi Range, tire- the World (IWW), an industrial union Minnesota every year, and it seems to lessly canvassing its 20- odd cities and committed to overthrowing capital- me they should be willing to leave just many mining “locations,” smaller ism. -
A Steel-Hulled Bulk Freighter Measuring 610.9 in Length, with a Beam of 60.0 Feet, and a Depth of Hold of 32.6 Feet
NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL National Register of Historic Places REGISTER Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property_________________________________________________ historic name Freighter WILLIAM A. IRVIN other names/site number N/A 2. Location street & number Minnesota Slip. Duluth Harbor I_| not for publication N/A city, town Duluth I I vicinity N/A state Minnesota code MN county St . Louis code 137 zip code 55802 3. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property I I private I I building(s) Contributing Noncontributing I~x1 public-local I I district ____buildings I I public-State I I site ____ sites I I public-Federal Pn structure ____ structures I I object ____ objects ____Total Name of related multiple property listing: Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register _Q______ 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this S nomination EH request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. -
Minnesota's Mineral Resources
CHAPTER • 9 Minnesota's Mineral Resources IN MINNESOTA the production of iron ore is far more valuable economically than the total of all other mineral products, but im portant industries are based on Minnesota's other geological forma tions as well. Architectural, monumental, and structural stone are produced from granite, limestone, dolomite, and other Minnesota rocks. Gravel and sand are excavated and processed, and clay is used for many ceramic products. :Manganese in important amounts occurs in the iron ores of the Cuyuna district. Finally, although they are often not thought of as mineral products, two of our most im portant mineral resources are water and soil. The iron ores and mining operations of the Mesabi, Vermilion, and Cuyuna iron-bearing districts and of the southeastern lYlinnesota counties will be discussed in detail in later chapters, but a few sta tistics on Minnesota's iron ore industry may remind us how impor tant this geological heritage is. The following is an estimate of Min nesota's iron ore reserves, made on lYlay 1, 1961: Gross Tons Mesabi Range 500,799,179 Vermilion Range 9,755,974 Cuyuna Range 36,530,000 Fillmore County 'il,860,337 Total iron ore 549,945,490 172 MI NESOTA'S MINERAL RESOURCES The total production of iron ore in Minne ota to January 1, 1962, was 2,529,737,553 tons. Total taxes paid on iron ore to January 1, 1961 , were approximately $1,257,448,400, a very important source of funds for the state government. Slightly over 60 per cent of the total iron ore produced in the United States has come from l\1inne- ota. -
Minnesota Iron Ore Sustainable Supply
Minnesota Iron Ore Sustainable Supply by Jim Sellner, PE, PG Manager of Engineering & Development Division of Lands & Minerals Department of Natural Resources Laurentian Vision Partnership, Iron Range Resources Rehabilitation, Iron Board Chisholm, MN January 28, 2015 Division of Lands and Minerals Promoting and Regulating Mining in Minnesota Topics • Mineral revenue and leasing • Iron Ore & Manganese on the Cuyuna Range There are 2 basic industries: Agriculture & Mining – everything else is value added John Engesser, P.E. Chemical Engineer Former Assistant Director Lands & Minerals Hibbing 3 Minnesota State Statute 93.001 Policy for promoting Mineral Development It is the policy of the state to provide for the diversification of the state’s mineral economy through long-term support of mineral exploration, evaluation, environmental research, development, production, and commercialization. Minnesota State Statute127A.31 Goal of the permanent School Fund. The DNR Administers 8.5 million acres of land of which 2.5 million is School Trust. The legislature intends that it is the goal of the permanent school fund to secure the maximum long-term economic return from the school trust lands consistent with the fiduciary responsibilities imposed by the trust relationship established in the Minnesota Constitution, with sound natural resource conservation and management principles, and with other specific policy provided in state law. Minnesota State Constitution – Article 11 The permanent school fund of the state consists of (a) the proceeds of lands granted by the United States for the use of schools within each township,… No portion of these lands shall be sold otherwise than at public sale, and in the manner provided by law. -
Strike on the Mesabi, 1907
STRIKE on the MESABI—1907 NEIL BETTEN WHEN NEWS CAME in July, 1907, that miners along the length of the Mesabi Range had walked off the job, the state of Minnesota braced itself for all-out labor war. It was the first widespread, organized strike to occur in the iron district, and it was en gineered by the Western Federation of Miners, an or ganization associated in the public mind with names like Coeur d'Alene, Leadville, and Cripple Creek — each the scene of fierce and bloody labor struggles. In the fifteen years since 1892 the Mesabi Range had been transformed from a wilderness of wooded hills into a mining complex that produced nearly half of the nation's iron ore. The soft red hematite lying in pockets near the surface could be scooped up from A typical iron range great open pits. Into these, and into underground mine worker of the mines as well, had poured whole armies of unskilled early twentieth century workers. Youth, health, and a strong back were all that was called for — not even the language was necessary — and before long the first wave of miners, made up of Mr. Betten wrote the present article while working for his doctorate in history at the University of Minnesota. He re cently joined the facidty of the University of Indiana at Gary. 340 MINNESOTA History Americans, Cornishmen, French Canadians, AFL. The preamble to the WFM constitu Irish, Scandinavians, and some Finns, was tion declared that "the class struggle will replaced by a throng of more recent immi continue until the producer is recognized as grants. -
Geologic Atlas of Redwood County, Minnesota 72
Prepared and Published with the Support of COUNTY ATLAS SERIES THE REDWOOD COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS, ATLAS C-36, PART A MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE Minnesota Environment AND Natural RESOURCES Trust FUND Redwood County Harvey Thorleifson, Director as recommended by the Legislative-CitiZen Commission on Minnesota Resources, Plate 4—Quaternary Stratigraphy AND the Minnesota Legacy Amendment'S Clean Water Fund A 273769 Belview Delhi Minnesota River A' 1,100 1,050 Qth A ) A' Qa Qsw RWR-9 1,000 Qtm Qs3 Qg3 Qs3 Qs3 Qs4 QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY 950 Qsu Qg4 ! Qws RWR-10 Qws Qws Qw Qws LOCATION DIAGRAM ) Redwood Falls Qsu B' Qu ¤71 Qw ! B )19 900 Amt Qsw ) )19 Qu Amn RWR-2 Qsu Qu Qa Vesta By 850 Amg ! ¤71 Aqm )67 800 Seaforth RWR-8 ) C' Angela S. Gowan (273762) Minnesota Highway 19 Ramsey Creek 273770 Redwood River Redwood Falls Minnesota River C B B' 1,100 Qs Milroy) RWR-3 RWR-4 Morgan D' Qs Qs Qs Qa Qs ) Qs Qs Qa Lucan Wabasso 2016 Qth D ) )68 1,050 Qth Qa Qs Qsw ) RWR-5 Figure 1. Location of 57 cross sections, constructed at Qsd Qtd Qth Qs 68 Qtd Qa Qth Qsw 0.6-mile (1-kilometer) intervals, used to create a three- Qtu ! Qu Qsm ! 1,000 ! Amg Qsm Amg Ku Qtm dimensional model of the Quaternary deposits of Redwood ! Qtd Qsm Qs3 RWR-7 ! ! Qg3 Qs3 Qs4 Qs3 Qg3 ! ! ) County. The locations of cross sections A–A' through 950 Qs4 E' Qu Ku Qg4 Ku Qs3 Qg4 Qs4 Qg4 Qs4 Amt ! Qg4 E F–F' are shown here, and are also shown on Plate 3, Wanda ¤71 900 Ku Qsu Qw Surficial Geology. -
Ride the Range
RIDEEIGHT SCENIC TOURSTHE ON TWO RANGE WHEELS OR FOUR Vince Shute Spur Orr Ely Soudan Mines Cook & Pines Tower Tour Northern Mesabi Wild Lights Tour Tour Laurentian Extended Divide Northern Tour Lights Tour Biwabik Hoyt Mountain Lakes Iron Virginia Chisholm Aurora Hibbing Buhl Gilbert Eveleth History & Skibo Nature Heritage Tour Tour Forbes Markham Superior Silver National Bay Forest Scenic Byway Tour Two Harbors Three Seasons and Eight Scenic Rides EIGHT TOURS SUITED ESPECIALLY FOR MOTORCYCLE RIDES Surrounded by 320,000 acres of the Superior National Forest and many lakes and rivers, the Mesabi Iron Range is a special place to enjoy nature’s kaleidoscope of colors. With backdrops like the Laurentian Divide and the Superior National Forest, you’ll enjoy three seasons of stunning landscapes and breathtaking scenery all at your own pace. Traveling west in the morning or east in the evening provides the best photo opportunities. Mid-September to mid-October is generally considered fall peak season, but it will vary from year to year. We’ve chosen these eight special routes to maximize the scenic experience all across the Range. 2 Approximate Mileage: 1 102 Miles Cook Drive Time: 5 1.75 Hours – 4 Hours Route Time: Chisholm to Cook, 45 Min. Cook to Virginia, 30 Min. Virginia to Chisholm, 30 Min. Cities on Route: Chisholm, Cook, Virginia, Mountain Iron, Buhl E C 53 5 D Mountain F Virginia Iron G H Chisholm Buhl B 169 A Mines & Pines Tour DON’T MISS THESE GREAT STOPS ALONG THE WAY! BEST ATTRACTIONS: STEP BACK IN TIME: A- Minnesota Discovery Center - Chisholm F- Mt. -
Ashland, Wisconsin a Coastal Community Smart Growth Case Study Author: Rebecca Pearson Editor: Victoria Pebbles, Great Lakes Commission
Ashland, Wisconsin A Coastal Community Smart Growth Case Study Author: Rebecca Pearson Editor: Victoria Pebbles, Great Lakes Commission Ashland is a close. The busy small port and the community in shipping industry northeastern that served it went Wisconsin, from moving located on millions of tons of Chequamegon iron ore, Bay on the brownstone and southwest shore lumber to an of Lake occasional Superior. shipment of coal. Endowed with By 2009, the an abundance of Canadian National natural Railway which resources (timber, water, iron ore and acquired Wisconsin Central was the only railroad brownstone) and access to the Great Lakes, the service in Ashland. city of Ashland flourished as a port in the 1800s where raw and processed natural materials where As industries declined, so did the population. shipped to urban areas elsewhere in the Great Ashland lost population at a rate of about 5 Lakes region. At that time, Ashland’s waterfront percent every decade from the early 1900s until was developed to serve the industries that the 1990s. From 1990 to 2000, Ashland’s supported the processing and transport of natural population began to stabilize with only a 0.8 resources, such as sawmills, lumberyards and iron percent decline. According to the 2000 U.S. docks. Supporting commercial development grew Census, Ashland’s population is just over 8,600. up south of the waterfront, while residential development occurred still south of the Like many post-war cities and towns across the commercial area. Great Lakes region and elsewhere in the U.S, while the city itself contracted, the surrounding Railroads also played an important role in towns and rural areas of Ashland County, Ashland’s growth from the late 1800s into the experienced a 3.4 percent population increase early 1900s. -
Isotopic and Chemical Characterization of Water from Mine Pits and Wells on the Mesabi Iron Range, Northeastern Minnesota, As a Tool for Drinking Water Protection
Isotopic and Chemical Characterization of Water From Mine Pits and Wells on the Mesabi Iron Range, Northeastern Minnesota, as a Tool for Drinking Water Protection James F. Walsh, Minnesota Department of Health Abstract The Biwabik Iron Formation is both a world-class source of iron ore and an important aquifer for the residents of the Mesabi Iron Range in northeastern Minnesota. Numerous public water supply wells draw from this aquifer, and several communities pump directly from abandoned mine pits for their water supply. It is important that the groundwater flow characteristics of this aquifer be determined so that drinking water supplies can be protected in a technically defensible manner. The iron formation is early Proterozoic in age and consists primarily of fine-grained silica and iron minerals that were deposited as chemical sediments in a marine environment. The unit has little primary porosity. Groundwater flow through the aquifer is controlled predominantly by secondary features such as folds, high- angle faults, joints, and man-made mining structures. Efforts at delineating source water protection areas on the Mesabi Range have been complicated by the extremely heterogeneous and anisotropic nature of porosity in the Biwabik Iron Formation aquifer. In the absence of reliable groundwater flow models for this type of setting, isotopic and chemical studies have been emphasized, in addition to hydrogeologic mapping. Conservative environmental tracers such as chloride and the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen have proved useful for 1) identifying wells that are receiving recharge from mine pits, 2) characterizing the tracer signature of those mine pits that may represent recharge areas for nearby public supply wells, and 3) quantifying the significance of these recharge areas for the purpose of targeting source water protection efforts. -
Geologic Atlas of Benton County, Minnesota
Prepared and Published with the Support of COUNTY ATLAS SERIES THE BENTON COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS AND ATLAS C-23, PART A MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY the Minnesota ENVironment and NaturaL Resources Trust Fund Plate 3—Surficial Geology Harvey Thorleifson, Director as recommended by the LeGisLatiVE-CitiZen Commission on Minnesota Resources 94°15' W. 94° W. R. 32 W. R. 31 W. R. 30 W. R. 29 W. Qp 350 370 R. 28 W. MORRISON COUNTY 390 390 1 1 6 Qcf Qci Qp Qcd 340 1 6 Qp Qe 6 390 340 Qci 1 River Creek 1 370 6 SURFICIAL GEOLOGY Qe 390 Qa 330 l Qe Hil 380 Qct MORRISON COUNTY Qwh er 330 k 390 360 Bun 360 380 Qa Creek 370 340 380 West MILLE LACS COUNTY Platte 10 Qcd Qp By 390 A 370 A' Branch 320 Creek Qp 370 380 Qp Qwl Qa 350 Zuleger Gary N. Meyer 380 360 r 310 LANGOLA GRAHAM Creek ALBERTA e Qcd GRANITE 380 iv Qci R T. 38 N. Qcs LEDGE 390 + 2010 Qct 360 STEARNS Qcf 370 A Qct 340+ COUNTY T. 38 N. 380 Qp + Rock Qcs Riv Mayhew ++ er Qwr Rum Qe + ++ 340 Little + 350 370 Qco 25 St. Francis 370 lk 350 E Qcs Rice Qp 350 45°45' N. 370 B B' CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS Mississippi 45°45' N. 31 Qe 36 Qe Qf Little 31 350 31 31 310 36 36 Qct Qcs Hudson Ql 360 360 36 Rock 360 Qco Qa Qf Ql Qe Qp 350 360 Episode Qwl Qp Qa Lake Qp 94°15' W. -
Mining Tax Guide
Mining Tax Guide 2019 2019 Distribution of Production Tax (Based on 2018 Production Year) Total Production Tax — $103,789,847* Production Tax per taxable ton – $2.751. Taxable tonnage – 34,934,314 tons. Property Tax Department of Iron Range Cities and Townships School Districts Counties Resources & Rehabilitation Other Relief and Misc. (IRRR) $12,253,888 $19,746,967 $12,049,363 $12,576,381 $9,420,461 35.1 cpt 56.5 cpt 34.4 cpt $37,742,787 27.0 cpt 36.0 cpt 108.0 cpt City and Township Taconite School Regular Taconite Property IRRR Fund** Taconite Economic Mining & Conc Fund** $0.0343 Fund** County Fund** Tax Relief $3,481,195 Development Fund $1,958,947 $1,450,450 $7,133,755 $12,576,381 10.0 cpt $9,224,587 5.6 cpt 4.1 cpt*** 20.4 cpt 36.0 cpt 26.4 cpt IRRR Fixed Fund Regular School Township Fund $1,252,520 $0.2472 Fund** County Road and $1,174,750 3.6 cpt $9,521,706 Bridge Fund** Range Association 3.4 cpt 27.3 cpt*** $4,131,231 Iron Range Higher of Municipalities & Schools** 11.8 cpt Education Acct. $126,006 Taconite Municipal Aid** Taconite Railroad $1,746,717 0.4 cpt 5.0 cpt $5,997,930 $1,106,935 Taconite 17.2 cpt 3.2 cpt*** Railroad Producer Grant & Loan Fund Hockey $784,377 $3,007,800 Hall of Fame 2.2 cpt Taconite Railroad Building Maintenance Fund 8.6 cpt $69,868 $591,142 $1,397,372 0.2 cpt 1.7 cpt 4.0 cpt Educational Revenue Bonds $3,990,384 Mining Effects** Taconite Referendum** 11.4 cpt $1,692,584 $6,178,596 4.8 cpt 17.7 cpt Iron Range School Cons.