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Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO), Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO), and Retention Treatment Basin (RTB) Discharge 2013 Annual Report (January 1, 2013 - December 31, 2013) Act 451 Legislative Report Requirement The Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, 1994 PA 451, as amended, Section 324.3112(c) identifies activities to be undertaken by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) to make information related to known discharges of untreated or partially treated sewage from sewer systems to land or waters of the state available to the general public. This report provides a summary of releases reported to the MDEQ to meet these requirements. Information Regarding Annual Report Series This annual report is part of a series of reports that consolidate annual release reporting data since July 2000. The reports can be accessed on-line from the Library of Michigan : • CSO/SSO & RTB Discharge Annual Report for 2012 • CSO/SSO & RTB Discharge Annual Report for 2011 • CSO/SSO & RTB Discharge Annual Report for 2010 • CSO/SSO & RTB Discharge Annual Report for 2009 • CSO/SSO & RTB Discharge Annual Report for 2008 • CSO/SSO Annual Report for 2007, Special Feature: 20 Years of Progress in CSO Control in Michigan (1988 to 2008) • CSO/SSO Annual Report for 2006 • CSO/SSO Annual Report for 2005 This publication was prepared for the purpose of pu blic information. Reliance on information from this document is not usable as a defense in an enforcement action or litigation. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) will not discriminate against any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, religion, age, national origin, color, marital status, disability, or political beliefs. Questions or concerns should be directed to the DEQ Office of Human Resources, P.O. Box 30473, Lansing, MI 48909 Annual Report Contents Information Regarding Annual Report Series Page # A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 What Is the Difference between a Sanitary Sewer System and a Combined Sewer System? ............ 1 In General, What are CSOs, SSOs, and RTB Discharges? ................................................................ 1 What Laws Require Reporting of Releases? ...................................................................................... 4 Who Will Let Me Know Whether the Water Is Safe for Swimming, Fishing, or Canoeing? .................. 4 How Does Intergovernmental Cooperation Help Fund Infrastructure Improvements? ........................ 4 Who Do I Contact for More Information? ............................................................................................ 5 DISTRICT CONTACTS BY COUNTY ................................................................................................ 6 REPORT TERMS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................. 7 WASTEWATER TREATMENT ........................................................................................................ 10 How is Wastewater Treated? .......................................................................................................... 10 What is Blending? ........................................................................................................................... 10 What is Bypassing? ......................................................................................................................... 11 COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS and RETENTION TREATMENT BASINS .............................. 12 What are Combined Sewer Overflows and What Causes Them? .................................................... 12 How are CSOs Addressed? ............................................................................................................. 12 What is the Main Challenge for Communities to Address in Controlling CSOs? ............................... 13 Did We Make Progress in 2013? ...................................................................................................... 14 What Data Does the Detailed CSO and RTB Report (Appendix 4) Contain? .................................... 17 CSO and RTB Summary Report ..................................................................................................... 18 How Does 2013 Compare to Previous Years? ................................................................................. 20 SANITARY SEWER OVERFLOWS ................................................................................................. 23 What are Sanitary Sewer Overflows? ............................................................................................... 23 What causes an SSO? ..................................................................................................................... 23 How Does the Sewage end up in the Environment? ........................................................................ 24 How are SSOs Addressed? ............................................................................................................. 24 What Factors Justify Long-Term Plans for Stopping Chronic SSOs? ............................................... 25 Did We Make Progress in 2013? ...................................................................................................... 25 What Data Does the Detailed SSO Report (Appendix 5) Contain ..................................................... 25 SSO Report Summary (by Volume) ................................................................................................. 26 How Does 2013 Compare to Previous Years? ................................................................................. 31 APPENDIX 1: MCL 324.3112a and MCL 324.3112c..................................................... A-1 thru A-3 APPENDIX 2: BLENDING DETAIL REPORT 2013 .............................. Blending-1 thru Blending-4 APPENDIX 3: BYPASS DETAIL REPORT 2013 ..................................... Bypass-1 thru Bypass-30 APPENDIX 4: COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW (CSO) AND RETENTION TREATMENT FACILITY (RTF) DETAIL REPORT 2013 ................................... CSO-1 thru CSO-68 APPENDIX 5: SANITARY SEWER OVERFLOW (SSO) DETAIL REPORT 2013 . SSO-1 thru SSO-132 Introduction Raw and inadequately treated sewage discharged from municipal and privately owned sewer systems is an environmental and public health problem that has plagued Michigan for decades. The State of Michigan took a more aggressive approach to address these discharges in 1988 by initiating an aggressive Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) control strategy and, in the year 2000, by adopting a Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) control strategy. Detailed information about the Michigan CSO control strategy and its history and progress can be found in the 2007 CSO/SSO Annual Report. Regarding SSO control, local units of government were called upon to help protect Michigan’s waters as part of the 2000 initiative. This report is one step in addressing these types of discharges for the people of Michigan. Specifically, it defines and publicizes the extent of this statewide problem and the actions being taken to control these discharges. What Is the Difference between a Sanitary Sewer System and a Combined Sewer System? In order to understand the difference between a CSO and an SSO, it is necessary to understand some basics of sewer system design. Separate sanitary sewers are designed to carry only sanitary sewage to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (see Figure 1); storm water is directed to a nearby river, lake, or stream via storm sewers. Combined sewer systems are generally older sewer systems designed to convey both sewage and storm water (combined in one pipe) to a WWTP (see Figure 2). Generally, combined sewer systems were designed with overflow points in the sewer system and/or at the WWTP. This is because the system cannot handle all the volume of water that is associated with some larger storm water events. The corrective action to address wet weather-related SSOs is to eliminate the discharge up to a specified rain event by drying up the system, installing retention facilities, and/or to increase transportation and/or treatment capacity of the sewerage system. The corrective action to address CSOs is to separate the sewer system and/or to install an adequate capture and treatment system. As part of final corrective action programs, many combined sewer systems have installed or are installing Retention Treatment Basins (RTB), which are designed to capture the combined sewage and rain water that would otherwise flow to surface waters untreated. These basins hold the combined sewage long enough to provide treatment and disinfection before the combined sewage is discharged into waters of the state during periods of intense precipitation (see Figure 3). These basins also capture sewer system releases during smaller rainfall events and return all of the captured sewage and rain water back to the system to be routed to the WWTP for treatment. In General, What are SSOs, CSOs, and RTB discharges? SSOs are releases of raw sewage from separate sanitary sewer collection systems, which are designed to carry sanitary sewage but not storm water. CSOs (untreated discharge) are releases of raw sewage from older combined sewer collection systems designed to carry both sanitary sewage and storm water. Both CSO and SSO events can discharge untreated human
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