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Access to Legal Aid in Poland Łukasz Bojarski Access to Legal Aid in Poland Monitoring Report HELSINKI FOUNDATION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Warsaw 2003 is report is published as part of the project: Promoting Access to Justice in Central and Eastern Europe e project has been a collaborative effort by four organizations: Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights (Warsaw) Interights (London) Public Interest Law Initiative (Columbia University Budapest Law Center) Bulgarian Helsinki Committee (Sofia) e project has been funded by: e European Union, European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights program and Constitutional & Legal Policy Institute (COLPI), Budapest; presently acting as the Open Society Justice Initiative Reviewed by Marek Nowicki, Andrzej Rzepliński Edited and proofread by Iza Duda, Agnieszka Bojarska © Copyright by the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights ISBN 83 - 87300 - 65 - 9 Nadhi Table of content ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................5 PREFACE .................................................................................................................................7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................9 RECOMMENDATIONS......................................................................................................12 GLOSSARY OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TERMS......................................................17 PART I. INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROJECT.......................................................25 I.1. Activities undertaken...............................................................................................27 I.2. First steps toward reform.......................................................................................30 I.3. Transcript from the “Legal Aid Forum”...............................................................32 PART II. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING STATISTICAL DATA ...........................................37 II.1. Expenditures of the administration of justice for legal aid.............................41 II.1.1. Conclusions ....................................................................................................46 II.2. Number of cases supported by the state budget for legal aid..........................48 II.3. Courts’ caseload and the number of persons tried in criminal cases.............50 II.4. e number of attorneys and legal advisers.......................................................54 II.5. Caseload increase vs. the number of attorneys and legal advisers.................57 II.6. Opening of legal professions.................................................................................58 II.6.1. Opening of legal profession – the parties’ arguments..............................61 II.6.2 Access to the legal adviser’s profession .......................................................65 II.6.3. New regulations. ............................................................................................68 II.6.4. e need for changes.....................................................................................67 II.7. Transcript from the “Legal Aid Forum”...............................................................69 PART III. LEGAL AID PRACTICE IN THE OPINIONS OF ATTORNEYS AND LEGAL ADVISERS ...................................................................................................75 III.1. e load of ex officio cases ..................................................................................75 III.2. Remuneration for ex officio cases.......................................................................76 III.3. Procedure of appointment to ex officio cases...................................................78 III.4. Appraisal of the quality of work in ex officio cases .........................................78 III.5. Opinions and suggested changes formulated by attorneys and legal advisers............................................................................................................79 III. 5.1. Postulates as to the law..............................................................................79 III. 5.2. Criticism of the current practices............................................................80 III.6. Conclusions.....................................................................................................81 III.7. Transcript from the “Legal Aid Forum”.............................................................84 PART IV. LEGAL AID IN CRIMINAL CASES ..............................................................91 IV.1. Right to counsel...........................................................................................................91 IV.2. Eligibility criteria for granting legal aid in criminal cases ...................................98 IV. 2.1. Substantive criteria .....................................................................................98 IV. 2.2. Financial criteria .......................................................................................100 IV.3. Procedure for granting legal aid.......................................................................102 IV.4. Application of the legal aid norms in practice...............................................104 IV.5. Conclusions .........................................................................................................106 PART V. LEGAL AID IN CIVIL AND PUBLIC (ADMINISTRATIVE) CASES ......109 V.1. Right to counsel in civil cases..............................................................................109 V.2. Eligibility criteria for granting legal aid in civil cases .....................................109 V.2.1. Substantive criteria .....................................................................................109 V.2.2. Financial criteria .........................................................................................111 V.3. Procedure for granting legal aid ........................................................................112 V.4. Application of the right to legal aid in practice...............................................114 V.5. Legal aid in public (administrative) cases ........................................................116 V.6. Conclusions...........................................................................................................118 PART VI. QUALITY OF FREE LEGAL REPRESENTATION....................................123 VI.1. Conclusions.........................................................................................................127 PART VII. ADDITIONAL POSSIBILITIES OF RECEIVING LEGAL AID ............131 VII.1. Ombudsman......................................................................................................131 VII.2. Public prosecutor..............................................................................................132 VII.3. Poviat’s family assistance centers and consumer rights spokesmen.........134 VII.4. Non-governmental organizations ..................................................................135 VII.5. Lawyers pro bono work ..................................................................................136 VII.6. Conclusions .......................................................................................................137 PART VIII. ATTACHMENTS.........................................................................................141 VIII.1. Questionnaire for a person not represented by an attorney /legal adviser.............................................................................................................................142 VIII.2. Questionnaire for a person represented by an attorney /legal adviser ....147 VIII.3. Questionnaire for attorneys – examination of opinions of the legal professions’ representatives .........................................................................................155 VIII.4. Questionnaire for organizations ..................................................................159 VIII.5. Program of the Polish Forum on Legal Aid ................................................168 4 Dostęp do pomocy prawnej. Raport z monitoringu 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS e author would like to thank the group of people without whom it would not have been possible to conduct the surveys and prepare this report. Maciej Nowicki and Marek Tulipan worked with true commitment as the program’s assistants. Members of the board and staff of the Helsinki Founda- tion for Human Rights advised and assisted at various stages of the project. I am grateful to Danuta Przywara, Elżbieta Czyż, Marek Nowicki, Prof. Andrzej Rzepliński, Prof. Zbigniew Hołda, Zuzanna Fialova and staff of the HFHR who participated in the pilot survey. I am grateful to Dr Beata Gruszczyńska, Dr Marek Marczewski, Claudia Frendler–Bielicka, Filip Czernicki, Michał Kłaczyński, Grzegorz Wiaderek, and Joanna Wawrzyniak for their help. anks to Iza Duda for translation and Richard Slovak for helping with language editing. I also thank staff of organizations – partners of the project, such as Borislav Petranov and Beth Fernandez from Interights (London), Ed Rekosh, Vessela Terziewa and Atanas Politov from Public Interest Law Initiative (Columbia University Budapest Law Center), Krasimir Kanev and Georgi Mitrev from Bulgarian Helsinki Committee (Sofia), Zaza Namoradze from Open Society Justice Initiative (Budapest), Ina Zoon (independent advocacy Consultant to the project), and experts who shared their knowledge
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