Good Practice in Urban Development
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FREDERIKSHAVN, DENMARK BACKGROUND INFORMATION PROJECT TITLE Energibyen Frederikshavn (‘Energy City Frederikshavn’) Beneficiary City of Frederikshavn (Kommune Frederikshavn, Rådhus Allé 100, 9900 Frederikshavn, e-mail: [email protected], tel.: +45 9845 6104) Duration of project 10/2007 – 06/2011 (45 months) Member State Denmark, Nordjylland region Geographic size City of Frederikshavn/target area: 23 295 inhabitants (01/2012) Functional urban area (Frederikshavn municipality): 61 576 inhabitants. As a result of Kommunalreformen (‘The Municipal Reform’ of 2007), Frederikshavn municipality – practically identical with its functional urban area – is the result of a merger between three formerly independent local authorities (city of Frederikshavn, communes of Skagen and Sæby). The new municipality covers a large area of 642 km² and has a population of 61 576 (2011). Funding Total budget: 4 960 000 DKK (approx. €666 730) 50% ERDF and 50% local (national) financing: 2 480 000 DKK (€333 365) each. Operational ‘Innovation and Knowledge’. National Operational Programme for the European Programme Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in Denmark 2007-2013: Regional competitiveness and employment. Operationelt program 'Innovation og viden'. Program inden for rammerne af målet regional konkurrenceevne og beskæftigelse, som samfinansieres af Den Europæiske Fond for Regionaludvikling 2007-2013. CCI no : 2007DK162PO001 Number of decision : C(2007)3360 Final approval date : 2007-07-06 Managing Authority The managing authority for the ERDF is: The Danish Enterprise and Construction Authority Vejlsøvej 29, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark Tel.: +45 35 46 60 00, fax: +45 35 46 64 01, e-mail: [email protected] The Danish Enterprise and Construction Authority is also the managing authority for the European Social Fund (ESF). Cohesion Policy egional competitiveness and employment Objective: Main reason for The ERDF investment is used for a demonstration and visualisation project Highlighting this which helps to create, develop and enhance synergies between the various case renewable energy technologies. It focuses on a new modelling tool (interactive 3D-model, scenario planning), which forms the basis for further investment, estimated to reach up to €260m. The ERDF project helped to kick-start the wider Energibyen initiative in 2007/8. Once in full operation, the ‘Frederikshavn approach’ could serve as a blueprint for other small and medium-sized cities striving for new energy supply models and green, low-carbon growth. Also, the virtual modelling tool (developed in co- operation with Aalborg university) could be adapted to other environments and locations. Key contact person Mr Poul Rask, Project Manager, Energy City Frederikshavn, Tel. +45 9845 9023, [email protected] Keywords/Tags Renewable energies, energy efficiency 1 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Overall objective / In 2006, the North Danish city of Frederikshavn took the decision to become the goals first European city relying solely on renewable energy sources by 2015. The pioneering Energibyen initiative (Danish for ‘Energy City’), aims to create a 100% renewable energy system – rather than using only one single renewable energy source. The impact in terms of green growth is expected to greatly enhance the city’s economic attractiveness and development. Description of As part of the Energibyen initiative, a new digital modelling and visualisation tool activities has been developed to handle the complexity of such a 100% renewable energy system. The development of the tool was cofinanced by the ERDF and forms the basis for strategic investment and scenario planning for the city’s new energy supply and consumption model. The ERDF project is limited to the city area of Frederikshavn and consists of two interconnected parts: Interactive 3D model and energy planning tool. The web-based instrument provides a visual representation of the city’s energy supply and demand. By changing predefined parameters (e.g. number of wind turbines or photovoltaic cells), the changes in the energy system can be visualised, according to yearly supply and demand patterns (e.g. higher energy demand due to heating in winter, lower energy supply from wind turbines in summer due to there being less wind). The tool is based on an energy systems analysis and a basis scenario developed by Aalborg University. It plays an important role in energy planning, as well as in communicating and demonstrating possible changes/scenarios to stakeholders and citizens (e.g. ‘what difference does it make to the overall system if we build three more off-shore wind turbines?’). The tool can be accessed on the web at: http://tomcat.3dgi.dk/apps/ecity/EnergyCityFrederikshavn-Fixed4Win.jnlp Scenario planning. Regularly updated energy scenario plans form another important basis for the implementation of the Energibyen initiative. Developed by Aalborg University, in close cooperation with local utility companies and Frederikshavn authorities, the so-call ‘scenario plans’ include detailed analyses of energy supply and demand and their potential development over time. The scenarios are based on several principles, including the use of existing technology and infrastructure and the availability of local resources. The scenarios demonstrate what can/should be done to achieve an annually balanced, 100% renewable energy (RE) based system. Other activities within the Energibyen initiative A wide range of other public and private projects, which form part of the Energibyen initiative, are based on these scenarios. They range from off-shore wind farms and photovoltaic installations to buses fuelled by bio-gas. Project examples include: Retrofitting and renovation of Frederikshavn City Hall: In 2009/10, the Frederikshavn City Hall was thoroughly renovated. The building now meets energy class 2 demand (according to Danish legislation), which corresponds to an annual energy consumption of 70 kWh/m2. Green energy solutions include 150 m2 of solar cells (producing electricity), 400 m2 of solar collectors (producing energy for cooling, hot water and heating) and stricter requirements for lighting, ventilation and cooling (automatically controlled). The refurbishment transformed the 1970s office complex into a state-of-the-art, highly energy-efficient building, which now acts as a visible symbol for the city’s commitment to renewable energy. The building’s CO2 emissions could be reduced by over 60%. 2 Strandby district heating: The privately-run Strandby Heating Plant opened in 2008. It comprises an entirely new solar heating system, which covers an area of 8 000 square metres and meets the heating demand of 190 households. The annual CO2 saving comes to around 1 500 tonnes. Construction of six new off-shore wind turbines: DONG Energy, a private energy provider, will begin building six new off-shore windmills in 2012. The wind turbines will be used both for research and for electricity production, and will be located approximately four kilometres east of Frederikshavn, in the Kattegat sea passage. The new turbines will complement four existing wind turbines but will be taller, reaching a height of 85 to 115 m – and calculations show that they will be able to produce significantly more electricity than conventional turbines; the wing tips will reach 150 to 200 m above sea level. ‘Soft projects’ In addition to large-scale investment projects, the Energibyen secretariat puts special emphasis on civic dialogue, immaterial or soft support and guidance for local communities wishing to invest in renewable energy sources. Actions include: Networking amongst stakeholders and facilitating stakeholder dialogue; supporting potential investors in setting up projects (e.g. Crestwing, a business being promoted by a local investor and engineer, aimed at developing a new wave-energy based electricity model); Providing expertise and guidance for property owners wishing to improve the energy efficiency of existing private and public buildings; Training local businesses and craftsmen in state-of-the-art techniques in construction and energy circuits (esp. heating systems with multiple energy sources) (implemented with a local technical college); Raising awareness of energy measures in local communities through regular information (including people-to-people action), publications and public events (implemented by the Energibyen secretariat). The entire initiative, including its ERDF part, is managed by the Energibyen secretariat, which acts as a facilitator and communicator. A full list of projects is available at: http://www.energycity.dk/en/projects/ Recipients The Energibyen secretariat (management team), Frederikshavn municipality, (potential) investors, energy providers (utility companies), and energy consumers (local businesses and residents). Mainstreaming of Gender equality and non-discrimination issues have not been explicitly gender equality and addressed in the project application and reports. The ERDF project refers to non-discrimination local communities and policy-makers in general as target groups, without making any gender or ethnic differentiation. If not positive, the project can be classified as ‘neutral’ vis-à-vis gender mainstreaming and non-discrimination objectives. Intended outputs The ERDF project had the following intended results: and results Creating an interactive, web-based tool to visualise energy system planning and to communicate potential changes to stakeholders and the wider public; Developing energy scenarios for the Energibyen initiative,