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Application Development with Android: a Review APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT WITH ANDROID: A REVIEW Vijay Deshmane 1, Sarita Sawale 2 , Krishna Bharambe 3, Pratik Lahudkar 4 1,3,4Final year IT Student, Department of Information Technology, Anuradha Engineering College, Chikhli, MH, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Anuradha Engineering College, Chikhli, MH, India Abstract In the advancing world of technology, Mobile environment . In Android operating system, applications are a rapidly flourishing itprovides facility to isolate user resources segment of the global mobile market. from one another soacting as multiuser Smartphone comprise of an important operating system. The Android features through which user can easily systemassigns each application with a unique distribute applications via online market user ID and runs it as aseparate process from store. Mobile applications are evolving at a other users.[1] rapid rate to give users a rich and quick user experience. Google released Android in 2007 II. Background which is an open-sourceMobile phone An Android is an open source operating system, operating system with Linux-based platform. key mobile applications having API libraries for Itconsists of the operating system, executing android applications. Android smart middleware, and user interfaceand phones offers advanced computing ability and application software. Android tries to allow connectivity as compares to other mobile users experience the best service quality, and phones operating systems. Android is operating allow developers get a more open level for system which designed hardware so that more convenient software developing. Thus communication between hardware and software mobile applications withmore convenient with user interface can easily be done. Android functions can be developed via Android. In apps can be written using Kotlin, Java, and C++ this paper, Android mobile platform for the languages.[2] mobile application development, layered The Android SDK tools assemble your approach and the details of core features of code along with any data and source files into an android platform is discussed in this paper. APK, an Android package. It is arecord file with Keywords: android, application, segment, an .apk suffix. One APK file contains all the open-source. matters of an application of android and is the file that Android-versionuse to set up the I. INTRODUCTION app.Android plan settings to organize these API Mobile applications are becoming levels in your app.According to the official increasingly prevalent today, particularly in Android website (Android2008) the platform is the world of business. As such, many based into the four core features asshown in the approaching business students are interested Fig 1:[3] in creating mobile applications but lack the knowledge to do so. Android operating system is a linux-based operating system. It is developed by google in 2007. In 2008 the first version of android in launched officially. It is an operating system in which eachapp runs within a distinct identity. The Linux kernel providesandroid with several security features as a base for a mobilecomputing ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-5, ISSUE-4, 2018 12 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) application's files are detectable only to that user. It's possible to organize for two applications to OPEN APPS ARE part the same user ID, in which case they will be SOURCE EQUAL able to see each other's files. To conserve system resources, applications with the same ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process, sharing the same VM.[4] B. Libraries: EASY NO When applying the Android application APPLICATION BOUNDARIES framework, DEVELOPMENT TO Android will support the components via some APPLICATION C/C++ libraries to make them service us better. Figure 1 : core features of android Bionic system C library: it is the C III. ANDROID PLATFORM language standard ARCHITECTURE library, and also the bottom library of the system, which is invoked by Linux system. Media Framework: based on the PacketVideo, OpenCORE to support the playerback and recording of audio and video in multiple formats, such as MPEG4, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG. SGL: 2D graphics engine library. SSL: located between TCP/IP protocol Figure 2: ANDROID ARCHITECTURE and other A. Application Framework: application protocols to support data Android applications are written in the Java communication. programming language. The java code is OpenGL ES1.0: support for 3D effect. assembled with the data related to application SQLite: relational database. and resource files. All these is bundled by the Webkit: Web browser engine[5] app tool into an android package. It is an archived file with suffix of .apk. this file works C. Android Runtime as a lorry for issuing the application which is Android Run-time is the equivalent of JVM installed on mobile devices. These file is (Java Virtual Machine) that runs on your considered to be an one application which can Windows and Linux machines. Only difference be taken by user is that it’s called DVM (Dalvik Virtual In many ways, each Android application lives in Machine), because its a different software than its own world: what Sun Micro-systems had developed By default, every application has its own Android Runtime is made up of a Core Linux course. Android run the application JavaLibraries and Dalvik virtual machine (The when it is desired by the user and close the Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik application when it is no longer essential. As Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for the assets are required by the system. minimal memory footprint). Most functions of Each application code run separately. Each the core java International libraries is provided process has its own JVM Java virtual by Core library. DVM is register virtual machine machine and makes some specific developments By avoidance, each app is allotted a unique for mobile devices.Android system library is user ID of Linux Consents are set so that the reinforcing the application framework; it is also a main connection linking between application ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-5, ISSUE-4, 2018 13 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) framework and Linux Kernel. This system on many hundreds of different devices from library is enlarged in C or C++ language. These dozens of manufacturers. Sure, developers libraries can also be used by the different could just focus on devices from the big players elements in the Android system.[6] - and some, such as Sales force, are already D. The Linux Kernel doing just that - but that defeats the purpose of The Linux Kernel is at the bottom of the having a platform in the first place. Then, there's architecture. It provides a level of abstraction the update problem. Google has a yearly release between the device hardware and the upper schedule in place for Android, but it takes the layers of the Android architecutre. Based on new version a good part of a year to break the Linux version 2.6, the kernel delivered 10-percent usage mark. And it takes about four preemptive multitasking, low-level core system years for a release to fully penetrate the services such as memory, process and power ecosystem. Four years is a crazy long time in management in addition to providing a network tech. While Google is speedy at getting new stack and device drivers for hardware such as releases onto its Nexus hardware, it can take the device display, Wi-Fi and audio months for owners of Android devices from The original Linux kernel was developed in other manufacturers to start seeing the update. 1991 by Linus Torvalds which was combined And many never see the update. In fact, outside with a set of tools, utilities and compilers of buying a Nexus device, the easiest way to get developed by Richard Stallman at the Free your hands on a new Android release is to buy a Software Foundation to create a full operating new device.[8] system referred to as GNU/Linux. Various Linux distributions have been derived from V. CONCLUSION these basic underpinnings such as Ubuntu and There are number of utilities for implementing Red Hat Enterprise Linux. application services one of them is android. And It is important to note, however, that Android only because of this consistent platform, any only uses the Linux kernel. That said, it is worth developer is able to perform their thoughts into noting that the Linux kernel was originally reality. Also, with the help of various libraries, developed for use in traditional computers in the we can implement tremendous features in an form of desktops and servers. In fact, Linux is android application that can be used worldwide. now most widely deployed in mission critical enterprise server environments. It is a testament REFERENCES to both the power of today’s mobile devices and [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(oper the efficiency and performance of the Linux ating_system) kernel that we find this software at the heart of [2] http://file.scirp.org/Html/2-9302032 _54397 the Android software stack. Also, the kernel .htm take care of all the things that Linux is great at [3] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/xamarin/ such as networking and a huge array of device android/app-fundamentals/android-api-levels drivers, which take the burden out of interfacing [4] https ://dev .to/dhrumitshukla/android- to peripheral hardware. The kernel system developers-have-switched-from-the-java- provides the operations like internal storage, programming-language-to-kotlin-4fa process management, internet protocol, bottom- [5] https://google-developer-training. Git drive and other core service are all based on books.io /android -developer-fundamentals- Linux kernel.[7] courseconcepts/content/en/Unit%201/33_c_the _android_support_library.html IV. FUTURE SCOPE [6]https://stackoverflow.com/questions/182714 On the face of it, Android seems like a very 29/difference-between-android-support-v7- successful platform.
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