Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Dualling of Mombasa - Mariakani A109 Road Project L L a a N N I I G G I I R R O O
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Reviewing & Updating of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for The Proposed Dualling of Mombasa - Mariakani A109 Road Project l l a a n n i i g g i i r r O O Revised Final RAP Report - Main Report (Vol A) February 2017 Panafcon Ltd ACK Garden House, 2nd Floor Wing C 1st Ngong Avenue, Off Bishops Road Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) P.O. Box 53147, 00200 City Square Blue Shield Towers, Nairobi, Kenya Hospital Road, Upper Hill Tel: +254 20 2732230/2732231 P.O. Box 49712 – 00100, Nairobi Kenya Email: [email protected] Tel:+254-20-8013842 PANAFCON Ltd. Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found file : Water & Environment' registration number : Pan-16-037 version : Final Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) February 2017 © PANAFCON Ltd. No part of these specifications/printed matter may be reproduced and/or published by print, photocopy, microfilm or by any other means, without the prior written permission of PANAFCON Ltd.; nor may they be used, without such permission, for any purposes other than that for which they were produced PANAFCON Ltd. CONTENTS PAGE PROJECT SUMMARY A LIST OF ACRONYMS B EXECUTIVE SUMMARY C 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project Resettlement Impacts 1 1.2 Reasons for Requiring a RAP Review 1 1.3 Kwa Jomvu demolitions, Audit Reports and subsequent Corrective Action Plan 2 1.4 RAP Review Study 3 1.5 Limitations of Study and Mitigations 5 1.5.1 Limitations/Challenges 5 1.5.2 Mitigations to Overcome Challenges 5 1.6 The Consultant Team 6 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7 2.1 Location of Proposed Road 7 2.2 Description of the project area 8 2.3 Administrative Setting of the Project Area 8 2.3.1 Trade and Industry within the Project Area 9 2.4 Condition of Current Road 9 2.5 Proposed Road design 10 2.6 Project Activities 10 2.6.1 Pre-Construction Phase 10 2.6.2 The Construction and Operational Phase 11 3 MINIMIZING RESETTLEMENT 12 3.1 Justification for Resettlement Action Plan 12 3.2 Measures to reduce Impacts 12 4 CENSUS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS 15 4.1 Introduction 15 4.2 The Socio-Economic Profile of the PAPs in the Urban Areas 16 4.2.1 Distribution of Household Heads in the urban areas by Age 16 4.2.2 Distribution of PAPs in the urban areas by Gender 17 4.2.3 Distribution of Household Heads in the urban areas by their Marital Status 18 4.2.4 Distribution of Household Heads in the urban areas by their Highest Education Level 18 4.2.5 Main Occupation of PAPs 19 4.3 The Socio-Economic Profile of the PAPs in the Peri-Urban Areas 20 4.3.1 Distribution of Household Heads in the peri-urban areas by Age 20 4.3.2 Distribution of PAPs in the peri-urban areas by Gender 20 4.3.3 Distribution of Household Heads in peri-urban areas by their Marital Status 21 4.3.4 Distribution of Household Heads in peri-urban areas by their Highest Education Level 22 4.3.5 Main Occupation of PAPs in peri-urban n Areas 22 4.4 The Socio-Economic Profile of the PAPs in the Rural Areas 23 4.4.1 Distribution of Household Heads in rural areas by Age 23 4.4.2 Distribution of PAPs in the rural areas by Gender 24 Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found - i - PANAFCON Ltd. 4.4.3 Distribution of Household Heads in the rural areas by their Marital Status 24 4.4.4 Distribution of Household Heads in the rural areas by their Highest Education Level 25 4.4.5 Main Occupation of PAPs in 26 4.4.6 Gender issues along the Project Area 26 4.4.7 Vulnerable Property Holders 27 4.4.8 Drinking Water Sources for the PAPs respondents 28 5 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 29 5.1 Introduction 29 5.2 Legal Framework reviewed in the Original RAP 29 5.3 Additional Legislation reviewed in the RAP review exercise 29 5.3.1 Power of Eminent Domain- Constitution of Kenya 29 5.3.2 National Land Commission Act (2012) 30 5.3.3 Valuers Act (Cap 532) 30 5.3.4 Land Registration Act, 2012 30 5.3.5 Trust Lands Act Cap. 288 31 5.3.6 Land Control Act Cap 302 31 5.4 Lenders Policies relating to Relocation and Resettlement 32 5.4.1 AfDB Involuntary Resettlement Policy 32 5.4.2 EIB’s Standard 6 on Involuntary Resettlement, 35 5.4.3 EIB’s Standard 7 on the Rights and Interests of Vulnerable Populations 36 5.4.4 EIB’s Standard 10 on Stakeholder Engagement 36 6 PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION 47 6.1 Summary Stakeholder and PAPs Consultations during the Original RAP 47 6.2 Consultations done during the RAP Review 49 6.3 Engagement of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) 50 7 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 53 7.1 Eligibility Criteria 53 7.1.1 Cut-off date 53 8 PROJECT IMPACTS AND ENTITLEMENT MATRIX 55 8.1 Impacts on Land 55 8.2 Impacts on Structures 55 8.3 Loss of Trees and Crops 55 8.4 Impacts on public utilities 55 8.5 Impacts on Businesses 55 8.6 Identified New Entrants 56 8.7 Project Affected Persons 56 8.8 Impact on vulnerable groups 60 8.9 Assistance to vulnerable groups 60 8.10 Entitlement Matrix 60 9 VALUATION CRITERIA 73 9.1 Valuation Methodology 73 9.1.1 Land 73 9.1.2 Valuation of Structures using Replacement Cost Approach 74 9.1.3 Valuation of Trees using Guidelines from Kenya Forest Service (KFS) 74 9.1.4 Valuation of Perennial Crops using Ministry of Agriculture Guidelines 74 Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found - ii - PANAFCON Ltd. 9.1.5 Valuation for Loss of Business Income 74 10 LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION 75 10.1 Overview 75 10.2 Eligibility 75 10.3 Alternative Livelihood Restoration Options 75 10.3.1 Construction of business stalls for relocation of small scale traders- 76 10.3.2 Enhancement of Markets at Mazeras and Mariakani 76 10.3.3 Business management training 76 10.3.4 Linking the PAPs with credit facilities 76 10.3.5 Vocational skills training for the youth 76 10.3.6 Employment opportunities in the road project 76 10.3.7 Provision of Water in the Project Area 76 10.3.8 HIV/AIDS Interventions 77 10.3.9 Sexual and Gender Based Violence Protection 77 10.3.10 Right to Salvage 77 . 77 10.4 Limitations of the Livelihood Restoration Program 78 10.5 Alternative Sites for Relocation of Small Scale Traders 78 10.6 Influx Management 80 10.7 PAPs Resettlement Preference 80 10.8 Preparation of Resettlement Sites 80 10.9 Resettlement Site Development (Infrastructure, Social Service, Etc.) 80 10.10Facilitation of Livelihood Restoration Programs 80 11 GRIEVANCES REDRESS MECHANISM 86 11.2.1 Method of Lodging Complaints 87 11.2.2 Proposed Procedure 87 12 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 90 12.1 Organization Structure of Various RAP Implementation Committees 90 12.1.1 Proposed RAP Implementation Unit (RIU) 91 12.2 Responsibilities of 92 12.2.1 Local RAP Implementation Committee (RIC) 93 12.2.1.1 Responsibilities of the Local RAP Implementation Committee (RIC) 93 12.2.2 PAP Committee and Role of PAPs 93 13 MONITORING AND EVALUATION 98 13.1 Internal Monitoring 98 13.1.4 Frequency of Monitoring 101 13.2 External Evaluation 102 13.2.1 Objectives 103 13.2.2 Agency Responsibilities 103 13.2.3 Methodology 103 13.2.4 Reporting 104 14 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 108 14.1 Additional Details on the process for Land acquisition 110 14.1.1 Notification 110 14.1.2 Issuance of compensation awards 110 14.1.3 Preparation for clearance of the road corridor 110 Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found - iii - PANAFCON Ltd. 14.1.4 Compensation and resettlement allowances 110 15 COSTS AND BUDGETS 111 15.1 Total RAP Budget 111 15.2 RAP Budget per Location 112 15.3 Flow of Funds 114 16 CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS 115 16.1 Summary of Key Findings 115 16.2 Conclusions 115 16.3 Next Steps 116 17 REFERENCES 117 18 COLOPHON 119 Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found Error: Reference source not found - iv - PANAFCON Ltd. List of Maps Map 1: Project Location 7 List of Tables Table 1: A summary of the audit and the CAP findings 2 Table 2: The administrative locations and sub-locations traversed by the project road 9 Table 3: Schedule of the Optimum Widths 12 Table 4: Highest level of Education attained by PAPs across the project area 16 Table 5: Main Occupation of PAPs across the project area 16 Table 6: Vulnerability Score Classification 27 Table 7: Recommendations to bridge the gap between EIB, KfW & AfDB Policies/ Standards & Kenyan law 37 Table 8: Data on PAPs and Stakeholders forums Held 48 Table 9: Data on consultation during preparation of Original RAP 48 Table 10: Schedule of additional PAPs and Stakeholder engagement forum 49 Table 11: Public Consultation Meetings 49 Table 12: Details of CSOs with presence in the project area 51 Table 13: Consulted and requiring further consultation 52 Table 15: Categories of PAPs Identified in the RAP review 57 Table 16: Summary of PAPs identified in the RAP review per Location and affected Property 58 .