Introduction to Astrostatistics and R
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Scientific Data Mining in Astronomy
SCIENTIFIC DATA MINING IN ASTRONOMY Kirk D. Borne Department of Computational and Data Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA [email protected] Abstract We describe the application of data mining algorithms to research prob- lems in astronomy. We posit that data mining has always been fundamen- tal to astronomical research, since data mining is the basis of evidence- based discovery, including classification, clustering, and novelty discov- ery. These algorithms represent a major set of computational tools for discovery in large databases, which will be increasingly essential in the era of data-intensive astronomy. Historical examples of data mining in astronomy are reviewed, followed by a discussion of one of the largest data-producing projects anticipated for the coming decade: the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). To facilitate data-driven discoveries in astronomy, we envision a new data-oriented research paradigm for astron- omy and astrophysics – astroinformatics. Astroinformatics is described as both a research approach and an educational imperative for modern data-intensive astronomy. An important application area for large time- domain sky surveys (such as LSST) is the rapid identification, charac- terization, and classification of real-time sky events (including moving objects, photometrically variable objects, and the appearance of tran- sients). We describe one possible implementation of a classification broker for such events, which incorporates several astroinformatics techniques: user annotation, semantic tagging, metadata markup, heterogeneous data integration, and distributed data mining. Examples of these types of collaborative classification and discovery approaches within other science disciplines are presented. arXiv:0911.0505v1 [astro-ph.IM] 3 Nov 2009 1 Introduction It has been said that astronomers have been doing data mining for centuries: “the data are mine, and you cannot have them!”. -
Download the AAS 2011 Annual Report
2011 ANNUAL REPORT AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY aas mission and vision statement The mission of the American Astronomical Society is to enhance and share humanity’s scientific understanding of the universe. 1. The Society, through its publications, disseminates and archives the results of astronomical research. The Society also communicates and explains our understanding of the universe to the public. 2. The Society facilitates and strengthens the interactions among members through professional meetings and other means. The Society supports member divisions representing specialized research and astronomical interests. 3. The Society represents the goals of its community of members to the nation and the world. The Society also works with other scientific and educational societies to promote the advancement of science. 4. The Society, through its members, trains, mentors and supports the next generation of astronomers. The Society supports and promotes increased participation of historically underrepresented groups in astronomy. A 5. The Society assists its members to develop their skills in the fields of education and public outreach at all levels. The Society promotes broad interest in astronomy, which enhances science literacy and leads many to careers in science and engineering. Adopted 7 June 2009 A S 2011 ANNUAL REPORT - CONTENTS 4 president’s message 5 executive officer’s message 6 financial report 8 press & media 9 education & outreach 10 membership 12 charitable donors 14 AAS/division meetings 15 divisions, committees & workingA groups 16 publishing 17 public policy A18 prize winners 19 member deaths 19 society highlights Established in 1899, the American Astronomical Society (AAS) is the major organization of professional astronomers in North America. -
Calibration Against Spectral Types and VK Color Subm
Draft version July 19, 2021 Typeset using LATEX default style in AASTeX63 Direct Measurements of Giant Star Effective Temperatures and Linear Radii: Calibration Against Spectral Types and V-K Color Gerard T. van Belle,1 Kaspar von Braun,1 David R. Ciardi,2 Genady Pilyavsky,3 Ryan S. Buckingham,1 Andrew F. Boden,4 Catherine A. Clark,1, 5 Zachary Hartman,1, 6 Gerald van Belle,7 William Bucknew,1 and Gary Cole8, ∗ 1Lowell Observatory 1400 West Mars Hill Road Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA 2California Institute of Technology, NASA Exoplanet Science Institute Mail Code 100-22 1200 East California Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 3Systems & Technology Research 600 West Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801, USA 4California Institute of Technology Mail Code 11-17 1200 East California Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 5Northern Arizona University Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science NAU Box 6010 Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA 6Georgia State University Department of Physics and Astronomy P.O. Box 5060 Atlanta, GA 30302, USA 7University of Washington Department of Biostatistics Box 357232 Seattle, WA 98195-7232, USA 8Starphysics Observatory 14280 W. Windriver Lane Reno, NV 89511, USA (Received April 18, 2021; Revised June 23, 2021; Accepted July 15, 2021) Submitted to ApJ ABSTRACT We calculate directly determined values for effective temperature (TEFF) and radius (R) for 191 giant stars based upon high resolution angular size measurements from optical interferometry at the Palomar Testbed Interferometer. Narrow- to wide-band photometry data for the giants are used to establish bolometric fluxes and luminosities through spectral energy distribution fitting, which allow for homogeneously establishing an assessment of spectral type and dereddened V0 − K0 color; these two parameters are used as calibration indices for establishing trends in TEFF and R. -
Arxiv:2106.01477V1 [Astro-Ph.IM] 2 Jun 2021 Document in Their Instructions to Authors
Draft version June 4, 2021 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX63 Best Practices for Data Publication in the Astronomical Literature Tracy X. Chen,1 Marion Schmitz,1 Joseph M. Mazzarella,1 Xiuqin Wu,1 Julian C. van Eyken,2 Alberto Accomazzi,3 Rachel L. Akeson,2 Mark Allen,4 Rachael Beaton,5 G. Bruce Berriman,2 Andrew W. Boyle,2 Marianne Brouty,4 Ben Chan,1 Jessie L. Christiansen,2 David R. Ciardi,2 David Cook,1 Raffaele D'Abrusco,3 Rick Ebert,1 Cren Frayer,1 Benjamin J. Fulton,2 Christopher Gelino,2 George Helou,1 Calen B. Henderson,2 Justin Howell,6 Joyce Kim,1 Gilles Landais,4 Tak Lo,1 Cecile Loup,4 Barry Madore,7, 8 Giacomo Monari,4 August Muench,9 Anais Oberto,4 Pierre Ocvirk,4 Joshua E. G. Peek,10, 11 Emmanuelle Perret,4 Olga Pevunova,1 Solange V. Ramirez,7 Luisa Rebull,6 Ohad Shemmer,12 Alan Smale,13 Raymond Tam,2 Scott Terek,1 Doug Van Orsow,13, 14 Patricia Vannier,4 and Shin-Ywan Wang1 1Caltech/IPAC-NED, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 2Caltech/IPAC-NExScI, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 3Center for Astrophysics j Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 4Centre de Donn´eesastronomiques de Strasbourg, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11, rue de l'Universit´e,67000 STRASBOURG, France 5Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 6Caltech/IPAC-IRSA, Mail Code 100-22, Caltech, 1200 E. -
Filltex: Automatic Queries to ADS and INSPIRE Databases to Fill Latex Bibliography
filltex: Automatic queries to ADS and INSPIRE databases to fill LaTex bibliography Davide Gerosa1 and Michele Vallisneri1,2 1 TAPIR 350-17, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, DOI: 10.21105/joss.00222 Pasadena, CA 91109, USA Software • Review Summary • Repository • Archive filltex is a simple tool to fill LaTex reference lists with records from the ADS andIN- Licence SPIRE databases. ADS (“SAO/Nasa Astrophysics Data System,” n.d.) and INSPIRE Authors of JOSS papers retain (“High-Energy Physics Literature Database,” n.d.) are the most common databases copyright and release the work un- used among the theoretical physics and astronomy scientific communities, respectively. der a Creative Commons Attri- filltex automatically looks for all citation labels present in a tex document and, by bution 4.0 International License means of web-scraping, downloads all the required citation records from either of the (CC-BY). two databases. filltex significantly speeds up the LaTex scientific writing workflow, as all required actions (compile the tex file, fill the bibliography, compile the bibliography, compile the tex file again) are automated in a single command. We also provide anin- tegration of filltex for the macOS LaTex editor TexShop (“Cocoa Tex Previewer for macOS,” n.d.). References “Cocoa Tex Previewer for macOS.” n.d. http://pages.uoregon.edu/koch/texshop. “High-Energy Physics Literature Database.” n.d. http://inspirehep.net. “SAO/Nasa Astrophysics Data System.” n.d. http://adsabs.harvard.edu. Gerosa et al., (2017). filltex: Automatic queries to ADS and INSPIRE databases to fill LaTex bibliography. -
Astroinformatics: Image Processing and Analysis of Digitized Astronomical Data with Web-Based Implementation
ASTROINFORMATICS: IMAGE PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF DIGITIZED ASTRONOMICAL DATA WITH WEB-BASED IMPLEMENTATION N. Kirov(1;2), O. Kounchev(2), M. Tsvetkov(3) (1)Computer Science Department, New Bulgarian University (2)Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (3)Institute of Astronomy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT The newly born area of Astroinformatics has arisen as an interdisciplinary domain from Astronomy and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Recently, four institutes of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences launched a joint project called “Astroinformatics”. The main goal of the project is the development of methods and techniques for preservation and exploitation of the scientific, cultural and historic heritage of the astronomical observations. The Wide-Field Plate Data Base is an ICT project of the Institute of Astronomy, which has been launched in 1991, supported by International Astronomic Union [1]. Now over two million photographic plates, obtained with professional telescopes at 125 observatories worldwide, are identified and collected in this database. Digitization of photographic plates is an actual task for astronomical society. So far 150 000 plates have been digitized through several European research programs. As a result, a huge amount of data is collected (with about 2TB in size). The access, manipulation and data mining of this data is a serious challenge for the ICT community. In this article we discuss goals, tasks and achieve- ments in the area of Astroinformatics. 1 THE WIDE-FIELD PLATE DATA BASE The basic information for all wide-field (> 1o) photographic astronomical plate archives and for their content, stored in many observatories is collected in the Wide-Field Plate Database (WFPDB, skyarchive.org), established in 1991 and developed in the Institute of Astronomy, Bulgar- ian Academy of Sciences. -
Astro2020 State of the Profession Consideration White Paper
Astro2020 State of the Profession Consideration White Paper Realizing the potential of astrostatistics and astroinformatics September 27, 2019 Principal Author: Name: Gwendolyn Eadie4;5;6;15;17 Email: [email protected] Co-authors: Thomas Loredo1;19, Ashish A. Mahabal2;15;16;18, Aneta Siemiginowska3;15, Eric Feigelson7;15, Eric B. Ford7;15, S.G. Djorgovski2;20, Matthew Graham2;15;16, Zˇeljko Ivezic´6;16, Kirk Borne8;15, Jessi Cisewski-Kehe9;15;17, J. E. G. Peek10;11, Chad Schafer12;19, Padma A. Yanamandra-Fisher13;15, C. Alex Young14;15 1Cornell University, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science (CCAPS) & Department of Statistical Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA 2Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 3Center for Astrophysics j Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 4eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 5DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 6Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 7Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 8Booz Allen Hamilton, Annapolis Junction, MD, USA 9Department of Statistics & Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA 10Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA arXiv:1909.11714v1 [astro-ph.IM] 25 Sep 2019 11Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 12Department of Statistics & Data Science Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, -
Ontology Architectures for the Orbital Space Environment and Space Situational Awareness Domain
Ontology Architectures for the Orbital Space Environment and Space Situational Awareness Domain Robert John ROVETTOa,1 a University of Maryland, College Park Alumnus (2007), The State University of New York at Buffalo Alumnus (2011) American Public University System/AMU, space studies Abstract. This paper applies some ontology architectures to the space domain, specifically the orbital and near-earth space environment and the space situational awareness domain. I briefly summarize local, single and hybrid ontology architectures, and offer potential space ontology architectures for each by showing how actual space data sources and space organizations would be involved. Keywords. Ontology, formal ontology, ontology engineering, ontological architecture, space ontology, space environment ontology, space object ontology, space domain ontology, space situational awareness ontology, data-sharing, astroinformatics. 1. Introduction This paper applies some general ontology architectures to the space domain, specifically the orbital space environment and the space situational awareness (SSA) domain. As the number of artificial satellites in orbit increases, the potential for orbital debris and orbital collisions increases. This spotlights the need for more accurate and complete situational awareness of the space environment. This, in turn, requires gathering more data, sharing it, and analyzing it to generate knowledge that should be actionable in order to safeguard lives and infrastructure in space and on the surface of Earth. Toward this, ontologies may provide one avenue. This paper serves to introduce the space community to some ontology architecture options when considering computational ontology for their space data and space domain-modeling needs. I briefly summarize local, single and hybrid ontology architectures [1][2], and offer potential space domain architectures for each by showing how actual space data sources and space organizations would be involved. -
Lectures on Stellar Astrophysics
Lectures on stellar astrophysics Antonino Milone email: [email protected] web: http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/ A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 Antonino Milone Department of Physics and Astronomy, Padua University email: [email protected] Address: Vicolo dell’osservatorio 3, office 307 My office hours: Monday 16.30-17.30 Telephone: +39 049 827 8259 web: http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/ Stellar astrophysics... in the time of covid SKYPE: ID antonino.milone My office hours: Monday 16.30-17.30 Telephone: +39 049 827 8259 My story: – Born in Milazzo A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My story: – Born in Milazzo A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My story: – Born in Milazzo; – Master and PhD in Astronomy in Padova. A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My story: – Born in Milazzo. – Master and PhD in Astronomy in Padova. – Tenerife My story: – Born in Milazzo. – Master and PhD in Astronomy in Padova. – Tenerife A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My story: – Born in Milazzo. – Master thesys and PhD in Astronomy in Padova. – Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Tenerife). A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My story: – Born in Milazzo. – Master thesys and PhD in Astronomy in Padova. – Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Tenerife). – Australian National University (Canberra). A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My research field: Galactic archaeology with star clusters /http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR MyMy researchresearch field:field: GalacticGalactic archaeologyarchaeology withwith starstar clustersclusters Stars are the fundamental units of the Universe /http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/ MyMy researchresearch field:field: GalacticGalactic archaeologyarchaeology withwith starstar clustersclusters Most stars form in clusters /http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/ Galactic archaeology with star clusters We study the clusters that we see today to infer information on the primordial Universe /http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/ Stellar Astrophysics: Outline of the course Antonino Milone Department of Physics and Astronomy `G. -
STAT 3304/5304 Introduction to Statistical Computing
STAT 3304/5304 Introduction to Statistical Computing Statistical Packages Some Statistical Packages • BMDP • GLIM • HIL • JMP • LISREL • MATLAB • MINITAB 1 Some Statistical Packages • R • S-PLUS • SAS • SPSS • STATA • STATISTICA • STATXACT • . and many more 2 BMDP • BMDP is a comprehensive library of statistical routines from simple data description to advanced multivariate analysis, and is backed by extensive documentation. • Each individual BMDP sub-program is based on the most competitive algorithms available and has been rigorously field-tested. • BMDP has been known for the quality of it’s programs such as Survival Analysis, Logistic Regression, Time Series, ANOVA and many more. • The BMDP vendor was purchased by SPSS Inc. of Chicago in 1995. SPSS Inc. has stopped all develop- ment work on BMDP, choosing to incorporate some of its capabilities into other products, primarily SY- STAT, instead of providing further updates to the BMDP product. • BMDP is now developed by Statistical Solutions and the latest version (BMDP 2009) features a new mod- ern user-interface with all the statistical functionality of the classic program, running in the latest MS Win- dows environments. 3 LISREL • LISREL is software for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. • LISREL is particularly designed to accommodate models that include latent variables, measurement errors in both dependent and independent variables, reciprocal causation, simultaneity, and interdependence. • Vendor information: Scientific Software International http://www.ssicentral.com/ 4 MATLAB • Matlab is an interactive, matrix-based language for technical computing, which allows easy implementation of statistical algorithms and numerical simulations. • Highlights of Matlab include the number of toolboxes (collections of programs to address specific sets of problems) available. -
Astroinformatics Projects
Astroinformatics Projects Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.19, on 03 Oct 2021 at 02:03:31, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743921317003453 Astroinformatics Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 325, 2016 M. Brescia, S.G. Djorgovski, E. Feigelson, c International Astronomical Union 2017 G. Longo & S. Cavuoti, eds. doi:10.1017/S1743921317003453 The changing landscape of astrostatistics and astroinformatics Eric D. Feigelson Center for Astrostatistics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802 USA email: [email protected] Abstract. The history and current status of the cross-disciplinary fields of astrostatistics and astroinformatics are reviewed. Astronomers need a wide range of statistical methods for both data reduction and science analysis. With the proliferation of high-throughput telescopes, ef- ficient large scale computational methods are also becoming essential. However, astronomers receive only weak training in these fields during their formal education. Interest in the fields is rapidly growing with conferences organized by scholarly societies, textbooks and tutorial work- shops, and research studies pushing the frontiers of methodology. R, the premier language of statistical computing, can provide an important software environment for the incorpo- ration of advanced statistical and computational methodology into the astronomical community. Keywords. data analysis, cosmology, statistics, computer science, machine learning, high per- formance computing, education An aphorism . The scientist collects data in order to understand natural phenomena . The statistician helps the scientist acquire understanding from the data . The computer scientist helps the scientist perform the needed calculations (*) . -
Cassiopeia A, Cygnus A, Taurus A, and Virgo a at Ultra-Low Radio Frequencies F
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. LBAateam c ESO 2020 February 25, 2020 Cassiopeia A, Cygnus A, Taurus A, and Virgo A at ultra-low radio frequencies F. de Gasperin1 J. Vink2;3;4 J.P. McKean5;6 A. Asgekar6;27 M.J. Bentum6;7 R. Blaauw6 A. Bonafede14;15;1 M. Bruggen¨ 1 F. Breitling24 W.N. Brouw5;6 H.R. Butcher26 B. Ciardi28 V. Cuciti1 M. de Vos6 S. Duscha6 J. Eislo¨ffel11 D. Engels1 R.A. Fallows6 T.M.O. Franzen6 M.A. Garrett18;8 A.W. Gunst6 J. Horandel¨ 32;33;34 G. Heald25 L.V.E. Koopmans5 A. Krankowski23 P. Maat6 G. Mann24 M. Mevius6 G. Miley8 A. Nelles21;22 M.J. Norden6 A.R. Offringa6;5 E. Orru´6 H. Paas46 M. Pandey-Pommier30;31 R. Pizzo6 W. Reich35 A. Rowlinson2;6 D.J. Schwarz29 A. Shulevski2 O. Smirnov9;10 M. Soida12 M. Tagger13 M.C. Toribio17 A. van Ardenne6 A.J. van der Horst19;20 M.P. van Haarlem6 R. J. van Weeren8 C. Vocks24 O. Wucknitz35 P. Zarka16 P. Zucca6 (Affiliations can be found after the references) Received ... / Accepted ... Abstract Context. The four persistent radio sources in the northern sky with the highest flux density at metre wavelengths are Cassiopeia A, Cygnus A, Taurus A, and Virgo A; collectively they are called the A-team. Their flux densities at ultra-low frequencies (< 100 MHz) can reach several thousands of janskys, and they often contaminate observations of the low-frequency sky by interfering with image processing. Furthermore, these sources are foreground objects for all-sky observations hampering the study of faint signals, such as the cosmological 21 cm line from the epoch of reionisation.