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Lectures on stellar astrophysics

Antonino Milone

email: [email protected]

web: http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 Antonino Milone Department of and , Padua University email: [email protected] Address: Vicolo dell’osservatorio 3, office 307 My office hours: Monday 16.30-17.30 Telephone: +39 049 827 8259

web: http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/

Stellar astrophysics... in the time of covid

SKYPE: ID antonino.milone

My office hours: Monday 16.30-17.30

Telephone: +39 049 827 8259

My story: – Born in Milazzo

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My story: – Born in Milazzo

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My story: – Born in Milazzo; – Master and PhD in Astronomy in Padova.

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My story: – Born in Milazzo. – Master and PhD in Astronomy in Padova. – Tenerife

My story: – Born in Milazzo. – Master and PhD in Astronomy in Padova. – Tenerife

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My story: – Born in Milazzo. – Master thesys and PhD in Astronomy in Padova. – Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Tenerife).

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My story: – Born in Milazzo. – Master thesys and PhD in Astronomy in Padova. – Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Tenerife). – Australian National University (Canberra).

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 My research field: Galactic archaeology with star clusters

/http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR MyMy researchresearch field:field: GalacticGalactic archaeologyarchaeology withwith starstar clustersclusters

Stars are the fundamental units of the Universe

/http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/ MyMy researchresearch field:field: GalacticGalactic archaeologyarchaeology withwith starstar clustersclusters

Most stars form in clusters

/http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/ Galactic archaeology with star clusters

We study the clusters that we see today to infer information on the primordial Universe

/http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/ Stellar Astrophysics: Outline of the course

Antonino Milone

Department of Physics and Astronomy `G. Galilei’ Padova

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A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 Binaries, Blue Stragglers, CV variables, X-ray PSRs and other exotic objects in the CMD

Hunting stellar-mass Black Holes

A. P. Milone Stellar Populations University of Padova, 2020 The Milky Way. Structure, formation and evolution of our Galaxy

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 The Milky Way. Bulge, Thin and Thick Disc, Galactic Halo

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 Multiple populations in Globular Clusters

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colour (F606W-F814W) Anderson et al. 2008,

A. P. Milone Padova 2019 Multiple populations in Globular Clusters

The modern view of a Globular Cluster

Milone et al. 2015, ApJ, 808, 51

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 Galactic Archaeology with Globular Clusters

HowHow diddid multiplemultiple populationspopulations formform inin thethe earlyearly Universe?Universe? WhichWhich isis theirtheir contributioncontribution toto thethe reionization?reionization? WhatWhat isis theirtheir rolerole inin thethe assemblyassembly ofof thethe Galaxy?Galaxy?

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 Dwarf Galaxies and their stellar populations

Del Pino et al. 2017, MNRAS, 469, 4999

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 Stellar populations in galaxies

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 Hunting the first stars

– Where are Pop III stars? Are they still alive? (Do they really exist?)

– What are the properties of Pop III stars?

– To what extent Pop III stars contributed to the re-ionization of the Universe?

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 Outline

– Introduction and definition of stellar population – Reading the CMD of stellar populations: i) Age, distance and chemical composition of the stars. ii) The mass function. iii) Exotic objects – Elements of stellar spectroscopy. – The Milky Way: i) The Bulge. ii) Thin and Thick disk. Open clusters. iii) The Galactic halo. Globular clusters – The phenomenon of multiple populations in Globular Clusters. i) The bizarre of GCs ii) Helium and horizontal branch morphology • iii) The contribution of GCs to the assembly of the Galaxy and to the reionization of the Universe

– Milky Way satellites and other local group galaxies: i) Star formation history in dwarf galaxies ii) Ultra faint dwarfs

– Unresolved stellar populations – Hunting the first stars of the Universe

A. P. Milone Padova March 1st 2021 Textbook:

Stellar Populations: A User Guide From Low to High Redshift Laura Greggio, Alvio Renzini, 2011, Wiley VHC

Old Stellar populations: How to Study the Fossil Record of Galaxy Formation Santi Cassisi, Maurizio Salaris, 2013, Wiley VHC

‘Textbook’: Copia delle slide e materiale integrativo: – Moodle – Sito del docente: http://progetti.dfa.unipd.it/GALFOR/ → TEACHING ‘Textbook’: The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is a Digital Library portal for researchers in Astronomy and Physics, operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) under a NASA grant. The ADS maintains three bibliographic containing more than 14.3 million records covering publications in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Physics, and the arXiv e-prints. Abstracts and full-text of major astronomy and physics publications are indexed and searchable through the new ADS interface as well as the traditional "Classic" search forms. Exam:

Oral exam: June 23rd 2021 July 15th 2021