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September 1993 WASP Warren Astronomical Society Paper Volume 25, Number 9 $1.00 for non-members September 1993 Journal Roundup By Scott Jorgensen enus is often called Earth's twin sister or its little sister. limits of the process that truly shapes our world. V The reasonable similarity in mean diameter accounts The mountains on Venus in the Eastern Aphrodite for this comparison. Do you know how close they are? Ask Terra are analogous in extent to our Rockies, which stretch around, somebody in the club can tell you! from Mexico to Alaska. Based on Magellan data, this area of Because of the similarity in size, the Venusian surface Venus might be a subduction zone, a place in which one is rearranged by plate tectonics just as the Earth. Widely plate rides over another and forces it into the interior of the accepted only in the 1960s, plate tectonics is the idea that planet, where it melts. However it had also been labeled a huge portions of the earth's crust (called plates) slowly rift zone, where plates pull apart. move about over the globe. It is the relative motion of these A recent article in Science suggests that the confusion plates that cause earthquakes and the submersion arises because it is not a tectonic area at all, but an area sim- (technically subduction) of one plate under another that ilar to Hawaii where lava comes to the surface and forms a gives rise to some volcanoes, notably those in the Pacific volcano. However, on Venus, the magma did not get to the northwest and in Japan. In the middle of the Atlantic and surface but instead spread out under it forming a "blister." Pacific oceans are areas where the sea floor is literally rip- The uplifting of the land over these blisters stretches it and ping apart. These areas are spreading centers. causes both radial and circumferential cracks. Thus this The driving force for all this motion is heat inside the area has large circular cracks and also straight cracks. The Earth. Convection, or flow, of the molten rock causes the radar pictures are very interesting; if you have not seen crust above it to move, rise or fall. It is suspected that Mars them take a look at the articles in Scientific American, Na- is too small to have tectonics now - if it ever did. It would tional Geographic or any of the astronomy magazines. cool too quickly. The Moon almost certainly never had tec- Here is a test that should be complete by the time you tonic motion. But Venus does, and comparison of plate tec- read this. Hopefully the Perseids were really good this year tonics on another world is very useful in understanding the since the parent comet swung by about a year ago. Recent analysis of data from the Giotto comet probe indicates that more dust is thrown out of comets than previously thought. If that is right then we should have had a real good meteor display. Either that or we were unlucky and hit a very thin patch in the dust left behind. Based on the encounters with comets Halley and Grigg-Skjellerup, the Giotto found many more large dust grains (here large is the size of a human hairs width and up) than expected. The large particles don't reflect light very efficiently, so they would not contribute much to the dust tail we see. But they are there nonetheless and they make pretty meteors. So the dust to gas ratio may be much higher in a comet tail than thought. That not only means better meteor shows, it also means more mass is lost from a comet than previously thought. That totally changes the predictions for internal structure and outgassing dy- namics. Since the orbit is known, the density or size of the comet must be larger than previously suspected. Otherwise the comet would follow a different path due to the higher ejection of mass. While the more recent visit to comet G-S did not get the press the Halley fly-by got, it may prove (Continued on page 6) The WASP WARREN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY PAPER The WASP is the official monthly publication of the Socie- Volume 25, Number 9 — September1993 ty. Each new issue of the WASP is made available at the Macomb meeting on the third Thursday. Non-members will be charged Published by: $1.00 for each new issue. Back issues, when available, are free. Warren Astronomical Society, Inc. Requests by other clubs to receive the WASP and other corre- P.O. Box 1505 spondence should be addressed to the editor. Warren, Michigan 48090-1505 Articles for inclusion in the WASP are strongly encouraged and should be submitted to the editor on or before the first Thurs- 1993 OFFICERS day of each month. For further information on contribution, see President: Robert Halsall the "Instructions for Authors" box on page 4 of Volume 23, Num- 1st Vice President: Marty Kunz ber 5. 2nd Vice President: Jeff Bondono Secretary: Nancy Rowe Send articles to the editor: Treasurer: Mike O'Dowd Douglas E. Goudie Librarian: Louis Namee 2420 Alexander Troy, Michigan 48083-2405 Internet: [email protected] The Warren Astronomical Society, Inc. is a local, non-profit Bitnet: cl771%cleveland.freenet.edu@cunyvm organization of amateur astronomers. The Society holds meetings on the first and third Thursdays of each month, starting at 7:30 p.m. Disclaimer: The articles presented herein represent the opinions of the their authors and are not necessarily the opinions General meeting on first Thursdays: of the Warren Astronomical Society or tis editor. The WASP Cranbrook Institute of Science reserves the right to edit or deny publication of any submissions. 500 Lone Pine Road Bloomfield Hills, Michigan Business meeting on third Thursdays: STARGATE OBSERVATORY Macomb Community College The observatory is owned and operated by the Society. South Campus, Building B, Room 209 Located on the grounds of Camp Rotary on 29 Mile Road, 1.8 14500 Twelve Mile Road miles east of Romeo Plank Road, Stargate features a 12.5 inch Warren Michigan f/17 club-built Cassegrainian telescope under a steel dome. The observatory is open to all club members in accordance to the "Stargate Observatory Rules:' Those wishing to use the observa- MEMBERSHIP AND DUES tory must call the Observatory Chairperson (2nd Vice President) Membership in the Society is open to all. Annual dues are: by 7:00 p.m. on the evening of the session. Student $12.00 College $17.00 LIBRARY Individual $25.00 The Society maintains a library of astronomy-related books Additional Family Members $ 5.00 per person and periodicals at the Macomb County Community College meet- Senior Citizen $15.00 ing room. See the Librarian for rules or to check out a book. Among the many benefits of membership are: SUBGROUPS Discount magazine subscriptions: • Special interest subgroups exist for those interested in spe- Astronomy $16.00 (12 monthly issues) cialized areas of astronomy. Contact the chairperson of each sub- Sky and Telescope $20.00 (12 monthly issues) group for more information on that group. • Free copy of each WASP newsletter. Computers: Larry Kalinowski • Free use of Stargate Observatory. Lunar / Planetary: Riyad Matti • Special interest subgroups. (See subgroup chairpersons.) Solar: Ed Cressman Telescope making: Jim Houser • Call list - don't miss unexpected events. • Free membership in Astronomical League. CALL LIST • Free copy of Reflector (Astronomical League newsletter). The Call List is a list of people who wish to be alerted of • Free use of W.A.S. library. (See Librarian.) spectacular and unexpected astronomical events. Anyone who notices such an event calls the next person on the call list. That • Rental telescopes. (See Observatory Chairperson.) person in turn calls the next person, etc. A call list member can restrict callings to certain available times. Any Society member is Send membership applications and dues to: welcome to join the call list. Mike O’Dowd To join the call list, please notify Marty Kunz at 4734 Brockham Way Sterling Heights, Michigan 48310 2 Warren Astronomical Society Paper September 1993 Subgroup Reports as the guru of eyepieces testers. He received a couple of eyepieces from the firm of Borg-Oasis Studio in Japan be- cause of his excellent reputation as an eyepiece critic. The Computer Chatter plastic lens and plastic barrel surprised him, too. Light as a By Larry F. Kalinowski feather, these eyepieces are sealed against dirt and dust and as you've probably guessed, don't cost much either. A Comet Shoemaker-Levy (1993e) is making big complete set of four or five eyepieces cost about as much as news again. Remember the comet that broke up one expensive glass eyepiece. Their quality? Roger says when it approached Jupiter? It's been captured by they're as good as any medium-priced eyepiece. Another the planet. According to the latest information, all the pieces added attraction is durability. He bounced them on the will eventually collide with Jupiter around July 22, 1994. ground from 25 feet and they stayed in alignment Roger This will be the first time in the history of mankind that any- says "you wouldn't wand to use them for solar projection, one will be able to witness such an event, even though it has but then the same goes for the expensive, cemented glass probably happened many times in the past. Needless to say, eyepieces, too." Sounds like something we could use in our observatory. We seem to be replacing dropped eyepieces all the time. Astronomy magazine says the lowest cost 35mm cam- era you can buy for astrophotography is the Pentax K1000.
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