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In the Hot Seat the Outgoing Society President and Her Successor, Dame Jean Thomas

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In the Hot Seat the Outgoing Society President and Her Successor, Dame Jean Thomas TheTHE SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY MAGAZINE ■ ISSN 0006-3347Biologist ■ SOCIETYOFBIOLOGY.ORG VOL 61 NO 3 ■ JUNE/JULY 2014 In the hot seat The outgoing Society president and her successor, Dame Jean Thomas OPINION BIOHACKERS BIOETHICS GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY DO IT YOURSELF IT'S MY GENES, M'LUD The case for genetically Charting the rise of Behavioural genetics modified crops bedroom biology and criminal justice NEW FROM GARLAND SCIENCE Genetics and Genomics in Medicine Tom Strachan, Judith Goodship, and Patrick Chinnery, University of Newcastle, UK Genetics and Genomics in Medicine is a new textbook written for undergraduate students, graduate students, and medical researchers that explains the science behind the uses of genetics and genomics in medicine today. Rather than focusing narrowly on rare inherited and chromosomal disorders, it is a comprehensive and integrated account of how genetics and genomics affect the whole spectrum of human health and disease. DNA technologies are explained, with emphasis on the modern techniques £46.00 • Paperback that have revolutionized the use of genetic information in medicine and are 978-0-8153-4480-3 indicating the role of genetics in common diseases. Epigenetics and non- July 2014 coding RNA are covered in-depth as are genetic approaches to treatment and 500 pp • 280 illus prevention, including pharmacogenomics, genetic testing, and personalized medicine. Cancers are essentially genetic diseases and are given a dedicated chapter that includes new insights into its molecular basis and approaches to its detection gained from cancer genomics. Specific topics, including multiple examples of clinical disorders, molecular mechanisms, and technological advances, are profiled in boxes throughout the text. www.garlandscience.com/ggm Cell Signaling Wendell Lim, University of California San Francisco, USA, Bruce Mayer, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA, and Tony Pawson (deceased) Cell Signaling presents the principles and components that underlie all known signaling processes. It provides undergraduate and graduate students the conceptual tools needed to make sense of the dizzying array of pathways used by the cell to communicate. By emphasizing the common design principles, components, and logic that drives all signaling, the book develops a conceptual framework through which students can understand £44.00 • Paperback how thousands of diverse signaling proteins interact with each other in vast 978-0-8153-4244-1 interconnected networks. The book first examines the common currencies July 2014 of cellular information processing and the core components of the signaling 368 pp • 340 illus machinery. It then shows how these individual components link together into networks and pathways to perform more sophisticated tasks. Many specific examples are provided throughout to illustrate common principles, and provide a comprehensive overview of major eukaryotic signaling pathways. www.garlandscience.com/cellsignaling ThTHE SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY MAGAZINEe ■ ISSN 0006-3347Biologist ■ SOCIETYOFBIOLOGY.ORG VOL 61 NO 3 ■ JUNE/JULY 2014 In the hot seat Th e outgoing Society president and her successor, Dame Jean Th omas OPINION BIOHACKERS BIOETHICS GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY DO IT YOURSELF IT'S MY GENES, M'LUD e case for genetically Charting the rise of Behavioural genetics Contents modifi ed crops bedroom biology and criminal justice Volume 61 No 3 June/July 2014 IN THIS ISSUE 8 Opinion: A golden opportunity Judfe GM products on their properties, not the technique, 20 says Professor Klaus Ammann. 9 Opinion: Science sells Dr James Deverill and Dr Alison Howell on why biolofists’ skills are valuable assets in business. 12 The unlikely labs Tom Ireland on the rise of the amateur biolofists known as biohackers. 16 The needs of the many Could a ‘triafe’ system help us decide which species to save? 20 Interview: Dame Nancy Rothwell and Dame Jean Thomas Sue Nelson talks to the Society’s outfoinf and incominf presidents. 24 Crime genes Dr Mairi Levitt on the increasinf use of behavioural fenetics by 16 8 defence lawyers in court. 28 Running out of land Alan Belward on the latest threat to life on Earth: a lack of space. News 4 Society news 37 Members 40 Branches Regulars 3 Nelson’s column 10 Policy update 32 Spotlight 34 Reviews 45 Biofeedback 46 Museum piece 47 Crossword 12 48 Final word Vol 61 No 3 / THE BIOLOGIST / 1 Contacts Society of Biology Charles Darwin House, 12 Roger Street, Volume 61 No 3 June/July 2014 London WC1N 2JU Tel: 020 7685 2550 Fax: 020 3514 3204 [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD www.societyofbiology.org EDITORIAL STAFF Susan Alexander BSc PGCE CBiol CSci MSB MRSPH FRGS Views expressed in this magazine are not Director of Membership, Marketing J Ian Blenkharn MSB FRSPH necessarily those of the Editorial Board or the Society of Biology. and Communications Phil Collier MSc PhD CBiol FSB FLS FHE Jon Kudlick MSB Cameron S Crook BSc MPhil CBiol MSB MIEEM FLS © 2014 Society of Biology Editor (Registered charity no. 277981) Sue Nelson Rajith Dissanayake MSc PhD FZS AMSB @ScienceNelson Catherine Duigan BSc PhD FSB FLS The Society permits single copying of Managing Editor John Heritage BA DPhil CBiol FSB individual articles for private study or Tom Ireland MSB Sue Howarth BSc PhD CBiol FSB research, irrespective of where the copying [email protected] is done. Multiple copying of individual articles @Tom_J_Ireland Allan Jamieson BSc PhD CBiol FSB for teaching purposes is also permitted Communications and Events Officer Catherine Jopling BSc PhD MSB without specific permission. For copying Karen Patel AMSB Leslie Rose BSc CBiol FSB FICR or reproduction for any other purpose, [email protected] written permission must be sought from call 01233 504804 For membership enquiries the Society. Exceptions to the above are [email protected] those institutions and non-publishing call 020 7685 2556 organisations that have an agreement or For subscription enquiries licence with the UK Copyright Licensing [email protected] Agency or the US Copyright Clearance BLOG Center. Access to the magazine is FACEBOOK societyofbiologyblog.org available online; please see the TWITTER www.facebook.com/ Society’s website for further details. @Society_Biology societyofbiology is produced on behalf The Biologist of the Society of Biology by Think Publishing Ltd. CONSERVATION GREAT APES 124-128 Barlby Road London W10 6BL Poor www.thinkpublishing.co.uk relations 020 8962 3020 Biologist , director of The Ashley Leiman OBE the Orangutan Foundation, explores the complex relationship between man and our closest relatives – the great apes Design animal addressed with the honorific ‘san’, the form of address used for he great apes are often humans. And the name orangutan in perceived differently to other Malay means ‘person of the forest’. Tanimals. In many cases, it’s the But there are two sides to our Alistair McGown simple physical resemblance – we perception of apes. While one A WINDOW look alike – that’s enough to affect side emphasises the similarities, how people think and feel about the other side emphasises the them. No other group of animal has differences, how the apes are almost the same attributes that strike a but not quite human. This duality chord with people: hands with nails, occurs across the world, but is Production editor eyes that mirror our own, and rich perhaps strongest in the west. social and emotional lives. Despite In 300BC, Aristotle classified this, the 21st century may see the the then-known primates noting, extinction of one of mankind’s “they shared the properties of closestNEUROSCIENCE living relatives. man”. Subsequently, the Romans Clare Harris Our OPTOGENETICSscientific and cultural described ‘ape cities’, near Carthage ON THE LIFE understanding of the great apes is and elsewhere on the North African unprecedented, yet they’re more coast. The first European record of threatened than ever. In a recent what were undeniably theDescription great apes survey, 96% of great ape populations appeared in Pigafetta’s , in Africa and Asia were found to of the Kingdom of the Congo Chief sub editor be declining inside protected areas written in 1598. Pigafetta records a et al., 2000). In less than (Marshall Homo sapiens Portuguese sailor, Eduardo Lopez, Pongo a generation, modern as saying “on the banks of the Zaire, might wipe out the orangutan), species ( that there are a multitude of apes” but and P. abelii / 13 pygmaeus Homo erectus added somewhat disparagingly 2 / THE BIOLOGIST Vol 61 No Sian Campbell watched as Java Man ( “[they] afford great delight to the cientists, philosophebs and othebs. So, with this idea in mind, been adopted by thousands of SCIENCES erectus) walked into Asia. nobles by imitating human gestures” psychiatbists have tbied fob Deisseboth set up his labobatobies abound the wobld. The These animals are now familiar, (Huxley, 1894). The verb ‘to ape’ Scentubies to unbavel the basement labobatoby final stage in any optogenetic study is through scientific research and entered our lexicon. complexities of human thought and at Stanfobd to becobd the effects caused by Over the following 150 years, the sustained media interest, but they’ve behavioub. The mammalian bbain Univebsity in activating the photosensitive always affected us. In the Rwandan great apes gradually became more is an intbicate maze of neubonal 2004 to seek pboteins: this can also be done in a Sub editor Kinyarwanda language, the word for widely recognised. In 1735,Systema when connections
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