Sarkin Kano Alhaji Ado Bayero (1963-2014) he story of Sarkin Kano Alhaji Ado Bayero institution has been in existence since 999 AD is indeed the story of the transformation of with Bagauda (999 to 1063) as the first King. The Tthe Emirate from the authority that institution survived because of its capacity to controlled the society, to the status of community adapt to changing circumstances of the world. It leadership. It earned its Islamic legitimacy, has been affected by global Islamic currents through service to the people and commitment to beginning with the Wangarawa who came to Kano the ideals of the Islamic Faith. He was a leader of during the reign of Sarkin Kano Yaji (1349-1385) Muslims of all shades of opinions, not only in and made him to adopt Islam as the official Kano as well as of many other Muslims in many religion of Kano. The next epoch was that of parts of Nigeria and the world. Various groups Muhammadu Rumfa (1463-1499) when Shaykh sought his blessings in their activities largely Muhammad bn Abd al-Karim al-Maghili wrote because of his influence and the fact that he was the first constitution for a sub Saharan African one of the most respected Nigerians. All state to guide Rumfa. The Jihad of Shehu Usman Africa.com, one of the leading African news Danfordio made Islam the ideology of the people websites, described him as Nigeria's "most and the state. Sarkin Kano Ibrahim Dabo prominent traditional ruler". Both at the national established, the Sullubawa Dynasty. Abdullahi and international arena, he was regarded as a wise Bayero (1926-1953) and his son Muhammadu counselor because of his experience and diverse Sanusi (1954-1963) harnessed the connections of cultural linkages that made him a bridge and an the Tijaniyya to resist colonial annihilation of the asset in promoting mutual understanding and Islamic culture. Ado Bayero put Kano at the resolving conflicts. national and global stages when he became one of the most influential Muslim leaders in the world. Ado Bayero lived for eighty-four years (1930- According to the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies 2004), fifty one (1963-2004) of which were on the Center, Amman, Jordan, he was "regarded as a throne of Kano traditional authority. This ©Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa 2019 Sullubawan Dabo: An Illustrated History 1819-2019 wise counselor both at home and abroad because within the context of class struggle between the of his experience and ability to mediate between ruling class (the sarauta) and the commoners cultures". He was "an important asset in (talakawa). This struggle could be traced to the promoting mutual understanding and resolving NEPU years when it was fighting against the conflicts between different ethnic and religious sarauta and its patron, the colonial state. groups". Ironically, NEPU stalwarts in the First Republic all regarded Wakilin Doka Alhaji Ado Bayero as a Alhaji Ado Bayero's first major challenge was just and fair person, but when they took power in negotiating between the ruling Northern Peoples' the Second Republic while he was the Emir, he Congress (NPC) elite and his family, because of became their enemy. This was because their the forced abdication of his elder brother, Sir struggle was against the sarauta as a class. Sarkin Muhammadu Sanusi, and he did that with Kano Alhaji Ado Bayero managed the crisis in a maturity and respectability. Before he became the dignified manner. Emir, he was appointed Nigeria's Ambassador to Senegal in an attempt to pacify his family. When Subsequent civilian administrations did not he ascended to the throne, he was cautious in his openly antagonize the Emirate, probably because relationship with the Regional Government, of the experience of the first civilian which had lost most of its support in Kano because administration, which served as a hard lesson. The of the abdication of Sanusi. The short-lived Kano relationship was at best cordial or cautious. Most Peoples Party was formed as a result of this of the civilian governors, if not all, sought favors grievance. from the Emir in appointing their kinsmen as Hakimai or District Heads. Governor Aliyu Sabo During the Second Republic (1979-1983), Kano Bakin Zuwo (1983) requested the Emir to appoint State which was ruled by the Peoples Redemption Mustapha, a younger brother of Mallam Aminu Party (PRP), an offshoot of the Northern Elements Kano as Sai and District Head. Two other Progressive Union (NEPU) the party of the first Governors made their elder brother and father, that was anti-traditional rulers. The politics of the who were dagatai (village heads) to be promoted PRP in the second Republic should be analyzed to Hakimai (District Heads). They were Governor ©Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa 2019 Sullubawan Dabo: An Illustrated History 1819-2019 Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya (1991-1992) who got his the leader of Hausa Muslims where ever they elder brother Ibrahim Gaya appointed as Uban were. They looked up to him as the symbol of Doma and District Head and Governor Rabiu Hausa Islamic culture because Kano is the leading Musa Kwankwaso (1999-2003) whose father center of this cultural bloc, which has over 150 Alhaji Musa Saleh was also appointed Majidadi million speakers of the Hausa language. No other and District Head of Madobi. Alhaji Muhammadu African traditional leader has had this influence. Abubakar Rimi who was most antagonistic to He was on the list of the most influential Muslims Sarkin Kano Alhaji Ado Bayero later sought favor of the World published by the Royal Islamic for his brother who was made a Dagaci (Village Strategic Studies Center, Amman, Jordan, Head) Governor Ibrahim Shekarau (2003-2011) because of his role in fostering mutual on the other hand was appointed the first understanding and peaceful coexistence of Sardaunan Kano. religious and ethnically diverse communities. As the Emir with the longest reign (1963-2014) Apart from his support for the Local Government since the Jihad of 1804, Ado Bayero bequeathed a Reforms, as a result of which most other glorious legacy strengthening the foundation laid traditional leaders across the country gave him by Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Rumfa (1463- their support. He participated actively in 1499) and consolidated by Sarkin Kano Ibrahim sensitizing the people to accept free and Dabo (1819 to 1846), his ancestor and the founder compulsory primary education introduced by the of the Sullubawan Dabo clan. When Ado Bayero Federal Government, which needed local became the Emir in 1963, there was only one government support and participation. Kano now Juma'at Mosque in Kano City which was the first has the highest public primary school enrolment to be modernized in Northern Nigeria by Sarkin of over 3 million pupils as at the last enumeration. Kano Alhaji Abdullahi Bayero (1926-1953). The people accepted his call to enroll in schools Sarkin Kano Alhaji Ado Bayero constructed the because of the confidence they had in him as the Abdullahi Bayero Mosque, the second Juma'at greatest supporter and patron of Islamic Mosque he commissioned in 1971. Since then, he education. He had supported more Islamiyya has commissioned over fifty Juma'at Mosques in Schools than any other leader in Nigeria. As a man Kano metropolis, over 100 in the state and many of Allah, he was attacked in January 2013 after he others in other parts of the country. No other had commissioned an Islamiyya School at the Nigerian leader has had this privilege. He became Murtala Muhammad Mosque; although he ©Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa 2019 Sullubawan Dabo: An Illustrated History 1819-2019 survived the attack, this was his last such function. in him many investors came to Kano. A very He had commissioned and supported hundreds in recent example is the Ado Bayero Shopping Mall, the last fifty years. the first ultra modern shopping mall in northern Nigeria, a major private sector initiative with In Kano, he did everything possible to support all investors from all parts of Nigeria. It brought efforts geared towards the socio-economic leading African retail giants: Shoprite and Game development of his people. As the Chief to Kano. He was a mentor of his people. This Executive of the Native Authority before the writer is an example. In 1988, he supported the Local Government Reforms under which he first public presentation of a book in Kano, which controlled land allocation, he discharged his I wrote, and in 1990 he personally invited the duties with equity and sense of justice. This neighboring Emirs to the public presentation of encouraged investment and consolidated Kano's two books I wrote, one on the Jihad in Kano and commercial pre-eminence in northern Nigeria. the other on the Sullubawan Dabo which was the Because of his status and the confidence they had first on the dynasty. The saurata in Kano, like kingship in other places, introduced and some were either of Kanuri has survived for over one thousand years despite (Galadima), Arab (Waziri) or Hausa origin several transformations because it has been able to (Madawaki, Makama, Dan Iya and Dan Lawal). adapt to changing circumstances. Muhammadu Ado Bayero introduced twenty-three new titles to Rumfa established the Tara ta Kano (Council of accommodate various segments of the Kano State) and he also introduced new titles. The titles, society into the sarauta. During his reign he before Rumfa were mostly instituted by the appointed 120 Hakimai (titleholders or district Bagaudawa descendants of Bagauda. The original heads); no other Emir in the history of Kano has titles of Kano have Dan as the prefix, (meaning done that much. He worked with thirty chiefs who son of). According to the Kano Chronicle they were appointed by his predecessors and two who include: Dan Buram, Dan Isa, Dan Baba, Dan were appointed by the State Government without Akassan, Dan Kududufi and others like Dan his consent.