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Manuel Freebsd Manuel FreeBSD Groupe de Documentation FreeBSD Manuel FreeBSD par Groupe de Documentation FreeBSD Publié Février 1999 Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 par Groupe de Documentation FreeBSD Bienvenue à FreeBSD! Ce manuel décrit l’installation et l’utilisation quotidienne de la Version 4.7-RELEASE de FreeBSD. Ce manuel est en constante évolution. Il est le résultat du travail de nombreuses personnes. Certaines sections ne sont pas encore rédigées et celles qui le sont ont besoin d’être mises à jour. Si vous voulez participer à ce projet, envoyez un courrier électronique à la liste de diffusion du groupe de documentation de FreeBSD <[email protected]>. La dernière version anglaise de ce document est disponible sur le serveur World Wide Web FreeBSD (http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/). Il peut être aussi téléchargé dans divers formats et options de compression depuis le serveur FTP FreeBSD (ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/doc) ou l’un des nombreux sites miroirs. Si vous préférez avoir une version imprimée du manuel, vous pouvez en acquérir une auprès de FreeBSD Mall (http://www.freebsdmall.com/). Vous pouvez aussi faire des recherches dans le Manuel (http://www.freeBSD.ORG/search/search.html). N.d.T.: La version française est publiée sur le serveur World Wide Web du groupe de traduction en langue française de la documentation de FreeBSD (http://www.freebsd-fr.org/). N.d.T.: Contactez la liste de diffusion du groupe d’utilisateurs francophones de FreeBSD <[email protected]> si vous voulez collaborer à la traduction. Version française de Marc Fonvieille <[email protected]>. Première version de Frédéric Haby <[email protected]> La redistribution du code source (SGML), modifié ou non, et compilé (HTML, PostScript, etc.) est soumise aux conditions suivantes : 1. Le copyright ci-dessus, la présente liste de conditions et l’avertissement qui la suit doivent figurer dans le code source. 2. Le code source distribué sous forme compilée doit faire apparaître le copyright ci-dessus, la présente liste de conditions et l’avertissement qui la suit. Important : CE DOCUMENT EST FOURNI “TEL QU’EN L’ÉTAT” PAR LE PROJET DE DOCUMENTATION FRANÇAISE DE FreeBSD ET IL N’EST DONNÉ AUCUNE GARANTIE, IMPLICITE OU EXPLICITE, QUANT À SON UTILISATION COMMERCIALE, PROFESSIONNELLE OU AUTRE. LES COLLABORATEURS DU PROJET DE DOCUMENTATION FRANÇAISE DE FreeBSD NE PEUVENT EN AUCUN CAS ÊTRE TENUS POUR RESPONSABLES DE QUELQUE DOMMAGE OU PRÉJUDICE DIRECT, INDIRECT, SECONDAIRE OU ACCESSOIRE (Y COMPRIS LES PERTES FINANCIèRES DUES AU MANQUE À GAGNER, À L’INTERRUPTION D’ACTIVITÉS, OU LA PERTE D’INFORMATIONS ET AUTRES) DÉCOULANT DE L’UTILISATION DE LA DOCUMENTATION OU DE L’IMPOSSIBILITÉ D’UTILISER CELLE-CI, ET DONT L’UTILISATEUR ACCEPTE L’ENTIÈRE RESPONSABILITÉ. Table des matières Préface.............................................................................................................................................................................i I. Pour commencer.........................................................................................................................................................i 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Synopsis................................................................................................................................................1 1.2. Bienvenue à FreeBSD! .........................................................................................................................1 1.3. A propos du Projet FreeBSD ................................................................................................................4 2. Installer FreeBSD............................................................................................................................................10 2.1. Synopsis..............................................................................................................................................10 2.2. Tâches de Pré-installation...................................................................................................................10 2.3. Débuter l’installation ..........................................................................................................................16 2.4. Présentation de sysinstall....................................................................................................................26 2.5. Allouer l’espace disque.......................................................................................................................31 2.6. Choisir ce que l’on va installer ...........................................................................................................51 2.7. Choisir votre support d’installation ....................................................................................................54 2.8. Procéder à l’installation ......................................................................................................................55 2.9. Post-installation ..................................................................................................................................56 2.10. Matériel supporté..............................................................................................................................93 2.11. Dépannage ........................................................................................................................................93 2.12. Guide avancé d’installation ..............................................................................................................96 2.13. Préparer votre propre support d’installation .....................................................................................98 3. Quelques bases d’Unix..................................................................................................................................104 3.1. Synopsis............................................................................................................................................104 3.2. Permissions.......................................................................................................................................104 3.3. Listes de contrôle d’accès au système de fichiers.............................................................................105 3.4. Organisation de l’arborescence des répertoires ................................................................................107 3.5. Monter et démonter des systèmes de fichiers ...................................................................................109 3.6. Processus...........................................................................................................................................111 3.7. Daemons, signaux, et comment tuer un processus ...........................................................................113 3.8. Interpréteurs de commandes - “Shells” ............................................................................................115 3.9. Editeurs de texte ...............................................................................................................................118 3.10. Périphériques et fichiers spéciaux de périphérique.........................................................................118 3.11. Consoles virtuelles & terminaux ....................................................................................................119 3.12. Pour plus d’information..................................................................................................................122 4. Installer des applications: les logiciels pré-compilés et les logiciels portés .................................................125 4.1. Synopsis............................................................................................................................................125 4.2. Généralités sur l’installation de logiciels..........................................................................................125 4.3. Trouver votre application..................................................................................................................127 4.4. Utiliser le système des logiciels pré-compilés..................................................................................127 4.5. Utiliser le catalogue des logiciels portés ..........................................................................................130 4.6. Activités de post-installation ............................................................................................................136 4.7. Dépannage ........................................................................................................................................136 5. Le système X Window ..................................................................................................................................144 5.1. Synopsis............................................................................................................................................144 5.2. Comprendre X ..................................................................................................................................144 5.3. Installer XFree86 ..............................................................................................................................147 iii 5.4. Configuration
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