Water System Design Manual
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Water System Design Manual December 2009 DOH 331-123 (REV. 12/09) Water System Design Manual December 2009 For more information or additional copies of this publication contact: Office of Drinking Water Constituent Services Section Department of Health PO Box 47828 Olympia, WA 98504-7828 (800) 521-0323 Mary Selecky Secretary of Health Denise Addotta Clifford Director, Office of Drinking Water The Department of Health is an equal opportunity agency. For persons with disabilities, this document is available on request in other formats. To submit a request, call (800) 525-0127 (TTY 1-800-833-6388). For additional copies of this publication, call (800) 521-0323. This and other publications are available at http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw. Acknowledgments This is the third edition of the Water System Design Manual. The Department of Health prepared this document to provide guidelines and criteria for design engineers that prepare plans and specifications for Group A public water systems. Many Department of Health employees provided valuable insights and suggestions to this publication. In particular, we are proud to recognize the members of the team at the Office of Drinking Water who revised this edition of the design manual: • Nancy Feagin • Jim Hudson • Ethan Moseng • Sam Perry, Lead Author • Linda Waring, Technical Editor • Bonnie Waybright We are especially indebted to the drinking water professionals throughout Washington State and the country that contributed their time and expertise to reviewing drafts and providing helpful guidance and suggestions. We received extensive input from the following individuals and organizations: • Members of the Water Supply Advisory Committee • Members of the Washington Water Utility Council • Andrew Hill (HDR Engineering, Inc.) • Bruce Beauchene (City of Kennewick) • Chris Kelsey (Kennedy/Jenks Consultants) • Dan Drahn (MPD Inc.) • Donald Ballantyne (MMI Engineering) • Douglas C. Howie (MWH Soft) • Jeff Johnson (Spanaway Water Department) • Jeff Zechlin (Washington Surveying and Rating Bureau) • Jerry Edwards (Black & Veatch) • Keith Higman (Island County Health Department) • Pierre Kwan (HDR Engineering, Inc.) • Randall Thompson (City of Bellevue) • Randy Black (City of Lakewood) • Roma Call (then with the Washington State Department of Ecology) • Ryan Peterson (RH2 Engineering) • Todd Krause (Northwest Water) • Tony Oda (Washington State Department of Labor and Industries) Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................1 1.0 Purpose and Scope .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Applicability ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 “Must” versus “Should” ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Relationship with Planning Requirements .......................................................................... 2 1.4 Engineering Requirements .................................................................................................. 3 1.5 General Engineering Project Submittal Requirements ....................................................... 4 1.6 Minimum System Design Requirements ............................................................................ 4 1.7 Sizing Criteria and Water Rights ........................................................................................ 4 1.8 Department of Health Policies, Procedures, and Guidelines .............................................. 5 1.9 Ten State Standards............................................................................................................. 5 1.10 State Environmental Policy Act Considerations ................................................................. 5 1.11 Other Referenced Documents and Standards ...................................................................... 6 1.12 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Policy for Submetered Properties ........................ 6 Chapter 2: Project Reports ...............................................................................................9 2.0 Relationship to Water System Plans ................................................................................... 9 2.1 Submittal to the Department of Health for Review and Approval ...................................... 9 2.2 Project Report Contents ...................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 3: Construction Documents .............................................................................13 3.0 Relationship to Water System Plan ................................................................................... 13 3.1 Submittal to the Department of Health for Review and Approval .................................... 13 3.2 Design Drawings ............................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Project Specifications........................................................................................................ 15 3.4 Change Orders .................................................................................................................. 15 3.5 Contracted Components for a Project ............................................................................... 16 Chapter 4: Review and Approval of Project Reports and Construction Documents ........................................................................................................................17 4.0 When to Submit Required Documents ............................................................................. 17 4.1 Coordination with Local Approving Authorities .............................................................. 17 4.2 Project Report Requirements ............................................................................................ 17 4.3 Screening and Review Process ......................................................................................... 17 4.4 Submittal Exceptions: Miscellaneous Components and Distribution Mains .................... 19 4.5 Submittal Exception Process for Distribution-Related Projects ....................................... 19 4.6 Source Approval and Water Rights .................................................................................. 23 4.7 Resolving Disputed Department of Health Review Decisions ......................................... 23 4.8 Review Fees and Invoice .................................................................................................. 24 4.9 Project Approval Letter and Construction Completion .................................................... 24 4.10 Construction Completion Report Forms ........................................................................... 24 Table of Contents - Continued Chapter 5: Water Demand Requirements .....................................................................27 5.0 Applicability ..................................................................................................................... 27 5.1 Estimating Water System Demands .................................................................................. 27 5.2 Residential Water Demand Design Criteria ...................................................................... 28 5.3 Design Criteria Based on Documented Water Use ........................................................... 34 5.4 Estimating Nonresidential Water System Demand ........................................................... 37 5.5 Water Demand Forecasting ............................................................................................... 40 5.6 Water Resource Issues ...................................................................................................... 40 5.7 General Water System Reliability .................................................................................... 42 Chapter 6: Water System Physical Capacity Analysis: Equivalent Residential Units ..............................................................................................................45 6.0 Applicability ..................................................................................................................... 45 6.1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 46 6.2 Capacity Definitions ......................................................................................................... 46 6.3 Fundamental Design Principle for Physical Capacity Analysis ........................................ 46 6.4 The Concept of Equivalent Residential Units ................................................................... 46 6.5 Design Factors .................................................................................................................. 50 6.6 The Relationship between Physical Capacity and Drinking Water Operating Permits .... 51 6.7 Methodology to Determine Water System Physical Capacity .......................................... 51 Chapter 7: Source of Supply ...........................................................................................67 7.0 Water Resource Analysis and Water Rights ..................................................................... 67 7.1 Source Water