Why Introduce a Bonus for Ordinary Offense… Sport Science 12 (2019) Suppl 1: 7-13

Lozovina, M., et al.: Why introduce a bonus for ordinary offense… Sport Science 12 (2019) Suppl 1: 7-13 WHY INTRODUCE A BONUS FOR ORDINARY OFFENSE IN WATER POLO Mislav Lozovina and Vinko Lozovina University of Split, Split, Croatia Original scientific paper Abstract By analyzing 23 official matches (13 matches of the Regional Triglav Water Polo League League and 10 games of the LEN Euro Cup played in 2018) by registering 9 originally measured variables and 6 derived, we came to the information on the awarded and played slight offenses in the match or quarter of a game. Based on the obtained results, we suggest introducing the "Bonus" in the water polo. The bonus would be calculated for each quarter and the number of minor offenses for which the team time in the "bonus" would be 7. Any subsequent legal offense would be punished by a free shot from 6m. For a committed minor offense after the bonus expires, the offender would have been granted only a minor offense because we consider that a free- throw penalty form 6m is appropriate to the weightiness of the offense. Key words: water polo, offense, bonus, variables. Introduction The effects of a player on the water polo, and thus It is clear that the trainer is in trouble because he the value of his play value in today's water polo, has to memorize the data tree. In order for the are measured solely by the elements of severe trainee's evaluation to be objective and bringing misdemeanor in the sense of a positive and reality closer to each other, it is necessary to make negative player's effect on the game (Penović this rating corrected by exact indicators and thus 1982). Ordinary offenses’ integral part of the game become as close to the actual state. It is not is neutral to the player's effect in the game and is necessary that the assessment of the play effect in not even included as a game element when the game as a current assessment of its quality is evaluating the player's effect on the game and is perfectly precise because it is impossible to do in not measured. It is clear why. The reason is that it much simpler sports with simple movable does not penalize either the player who made it or structures (Penović 1982, Pavičić, L., Lozovina, V., the offending team. This fact, in the context of the Šimenc, Z., 1987., Pavičić L., Lozovina M., Lozovina rules of other collective sports (Handball, V., 2014). Waterpolo falls into the category of Basketball), has prompted us to consider the polystructural complex movements of acyclic possibility of introducing "bonuses" in water polo dynamic structures with multitude water ballooning (FINA Water Polo Rules 2019-2021, Official situations that occur at a vertiginous speed. Basketball Rules, FIBA, 2018, International Handball Federation: Rules of the game 2016). The observed individual never takes the previous position of the "circuit": "player, player, ball, space, For this purpose, we conducted an experimental time" (Pavičić, L., Lozovina, V., Šimenc, Z., 1987, investigation on 13 official games of the Regional Hraste, M., Bebić, M., Rudić R., 2013.). We will Triglav Water Polo League and 10 games of the LEN always be satisfied if the estimate is "sufficiently Euro Cup in 2018. Apart from direct recording of precise" so that through the predefined and each committed offense on the match, we had the previously made approximations, it is able, by original record of the game and video of each game simple procedure, to sufficiently present the state for control and credibility of the data. We've been that can in practice satisfy us (Penović 1982, collecting the statistical mass of 92 quarters on the Pavičić at all 1987 and 2014). 23 matches using a system of 8 originally measured variables that we have registered The player's effect is an exact indicator of his effect through the judges for the total number of ordinary on the game, acting independently without any and serious offenses earned on the match. appraisal based on the trainer's observation. Only a summary of these two estimates can give a In this paper, according to the purpose of research, complete picture of the player's effect in the game in the focus of our interest were only awarded he played. This approach is necessary because all offenses. In accordance with the results we will number of elements cannot be exactly measured. propose the introduction of "bonuses" in water Overlapping and previously made approximations, polo. The original data obtained in this the toy effect is the difference between all the experimental procedure will be further analyzed by exactly measured positive and negative elements of multi-criteria statistical-mathematical analyzes and the game played by the players played on the published as separate scientific papers. The effect match. Looking at this way the player's effect is the of the player on the match is estimated by the difference between all the exactly measured coach by direct observation, creating a judgment positive and negative elements of the game played on this "eye-to-eye" effect. by the players involved in the game. 7 Lozovina, M., et al.: Why introduce a bonus for ordinary offense… Sport Science 12 (2019) Suppl 1: 7-13 Positive elements are: p ----------- k = 0.8 Ix ------------ k = 0.5 + g'= gi + gIV + gp + I + p Kx ------------- k = 0.5 where is px ------------- k = 0.8 gi = goal from the play gIV = goal with player more It follows that: gp = goal frompenalty throw I = achieved exclusion + g'= 1.0 g + 0.5 gIV + 0.3 gp + 0.6 I + 0.8 p p = achieved goal from penalty throw -g' = 0.5 Ix + 0.5 Kx + 0.8 px Negative elements are: The player's effect (IE) is obtained by a relation IE = + g'-g'. In order to make the player's effects -g '= Ix + Kx + px in a rating, it would be necessary to establish the where are practical boundaries of the player's effect, which Ix = cause dexclusion was done after the examination of a large number Kx = caused counter foul registered as a serious of the games. offense px = caused penalty throw Established limits are: Both positive and negative elements are evaluated The player's effect (minimum) = -1.72 which is by coefficients: rated at 1.0. The player's effect (maximum) = +4.74 which is gi --------- k = 1.0 rated at 5.00. gIV --------- k = 0.5 gp -------- k = 0.3 Ratings between the above extreme values are I ---------- k = 0.6 given in the table in section Oie1. Table 1. Evaluations for exactly measured player's effect in the game. IE Oie1 IE Oie1 IE Oie1 IE Oie1 IE Oie1 -1,72 1,0 -0,4 2,15 +0,9 2,95 +2,2 3,65 +3,5 4,35 -1,6 1,1 -0,3 2,2 +1,0 3,0 +2,3 3,7 +3,6 4,4 -1,5 1,2 -0,2 2,3 +1,2 3,1 +2,4 3,75 +3,7 4,45 -1,4 1,3 -0,1 2,4 +1,2 3,15 +2,5 3,8 +3,8 4,5 -1,3 1,4 0 2,5 +1,3 3,2 +2,6 3,85 +3,9 4,55 -1,2 1,45 +0,1 2,55 +1,4 3,25 +2,7 3,9 +4,0 4,6 -1,1 1,5 +0,2 2,6 +1,5 3,3 +2,8 3,95 +4,1 4,65 -1,0 1,6 +0,3 2,65 +1,6 3,35 +2,9 4,0 +4,2 4,7 -0,9 1,7 +0,4 2,7 +1,7 3,4 +30 4,1 +4,3 4,75 -0,8 1,8 +0,5 2,75 +1,8 3,45 +3,1 4,15 +4,4 4,8 -0,7 1,9 +0,6 2,8 +1,9 3,5 +3,2 4,2 +4,5 4,85 -0,6 2,0 +0,7 2,85 +2,0 3,55 +3,3 4,25 +4,6 4,9 -0,5 2,1 +0,8 2,9 +2,2 3,6+ +3,4 4,3 +4,74 5,0 Image 1. The graph of the relationship between the Oei2 = Score to the player's given from trainer exact measured player's effects registered in the immediately after the game (subjective unrealized game and evaluation from the coach on the part of the player's performance on that match). proposed scale. All adduced, for all players of both teams, can do The final rating of each individual's playing two well-trained and educed recorders, without any performance will be obtained by the sum of Oie1 + problems, by adding every event on the match in Oei2 divided by 2 per formula: that prepared table A. KO = (Oie1 + Oei2) / 2 After that, and upon completion of the match, on KO = Final Score of Player Performance the basis of Table A and the official record of the Oie1 = Score exactly the measured player's match is completed Table Band thus prepared gets performance on the match Oie1 (a score of exactly measured player effect for each player in that match). 8 Lozovina, M., et al.: Why introduce a bonus for ordinary offense… Sport Science 12 (2019) Suppl 1: 7-13 This approach in to match analysis in Croatian PD = penalty throw (heavy) offense awarded by a water polo has been present since the 1980s. In judge who is at this point defensive this mode of analyzing matches, according to KfD = counter foul (legal) offense awarded by a previous experience, the outcome of the match referee who is at this point defensive determines the success of solving the players more and less, the goals from penalty throw and then the Constructs variables goals achieved from the game, so dominantly from LPO = OpO + KfO = sum of the ordinary offenses serious offenses.

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