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Home , Delphinium elatum, Erigeron caespitosus, Lythrum salicaria, Mertensia paniculata, Phlox paniculata, Salvia

Why eliminate invasive from Your Guide to WISE Gardening INVASIVE - AVOID USE 4 Make good choices. Purchase and grow non-invasive exotic PROHIBITED PROHIBITED your garden? NOXIOUS or regional native plants. Do your research. Ask your local COMMON BABY’S NOXIOUS BIGHEAD KNAPWEED NOXIOUS HIMALAYAN BALSAM NOXIOUS OXEYE DAISY Some plants from other parts of the globe originally introduced garden centre or ask a local horticulture expert. Check out Centaurea macrocephala Impatiens glandulifera Leucanthemum vulgare as garden for landscaping, or their medicinal or food BREATH abinvasives.ca and Native Plant Council anpc.ab.ca. Gypsophila paniculata Long-lived perennial which outcompetes Fast-growing annual. Can reach an impressive introduced as a pond value, have jumped the garden fence to become invasive in the native vegetation. Reproduces by . size, rapidly out-competing other plants, ornamental. Pale yellow flowers. Has Ornamental perennial used in floral natural environment. Invasive plants are spread by people and 4 Replace existing invasive plants in your garden with non- Yellow florets on a large base or “big especially in riparian areas and along shorelines. tuberous roots and reproduces by seed arrangements. In winter, stems break our activities. These plants have no natural predators to stop their invasive plants. head”. Difficult to remove once established. Orchid-shaped flower resembling a British and fast-moving . Forms dense off, blowing around in the wind, like spread, so they survive, thrive, and dominate, in the wild. These Brought in as a garden ornamental. policeman’s helmet. Mature, brittle seed thickets which increase sedimentation and 4 Treat and remove existing invasive plants using - tumbleweeds, spreading seed to pastures alien invaders cause environmental and habitat degradation, social capsules explode upon contact, catapulting completely changes the habitat. (Caution: appropriate methods. Check out AISC’s factsheets for and natural areas. Widespread infestations 6 metres or more. Shallow root system Oxeye Daisy seeds are often found in S. Schumacher S. Wikimedia and economic loss, impact and some are a hazard to Leekie J. Hanna D. across and northern . makes it easily controlled by hand-pulling. Wildflower mixes) human and animal health. control methods BEFORE you start: abinvasives.ca. 4 Properly dispose of invasive plants. Remove invasive While only a small percentage of introduced ornamental plants NATIVE & ORNAMENTAL ALTERNATIVES NATIVE & ORNAMENTAL ALTERNATIVES NATIVE & ORNAMENTAL ALTERNATIVES NATIVE & ORNAMENTAL ALTERNATIVES have become invasive, effective action needs to be taken to avoid plants before they flower to prevent seed spread. Check with planting species known to escape the garden bed. Choosing suitable your local landfill for disposal programs or double-bag invasive German Statice Black-eyed Susan Smooth Blue Alpine Aster non-invasive alternatives can help prevent future spread and serve species destined for the landfill. Never dispose of invasive Goniolimon tataricum Rudbeckia hirta Aster alpinus plants in natural areas or parks. Never compost invasive plants! Beardtongue to protect and preserve Alberta’s natural environment. Prickly heads of tiny white flowers. Low Bright-yellow, 5-8 cm wide, daisy-like flowers Penstemon nitidus Branching stems, single daisy-shaped, clear 4 Trade only plants and seeds you know are non-invasive. rosettes of leathery green . Branching with dark centers occur singly atop each Incredibly blue, tubular flowers rise above white, yellow-eyed flowers on low clumps of heads of flowers bloom July – August. stem. It is covered with hairs that give it a bright green leaves. Blooms in late spring/ Alberta’s Weed Control Act 4 thick, pale green/grey leaves. Flowers late BCLNA Avoid collecting pretty “wildflowers” from roadsides or For rock gardens, , edging or slightly rough texture. Blooms late summer May to early July depending on elevation. early summer. Grow in rock gardens or used The invasive plants featured in this brochure either entered Alberta natural areas. Many are overly aggressive invasive plants. containers. Excellent as fresh or dried and into the fall. A great selection for large Excellent for rock gardens. Best in gravelly, for edging. Self-seeds to produce successive accidentally as a contaminant of seed or soil or were introduced as Allow true native plants to thrive in their natural setting. flowers. Popular for wreaths. Attracts or small landscapes. Annual to short-lived well drained soil. Attract and generations. Zone 3 an ornamental. The invasives in the latter group are no longer sold butterflies. CAUTION: All plant parts perennial. Zone 3 hummingbirds. Zone 3 S. Collet S. T. Tannery 4 Avoid pre-packaged wildflower mixes unless the contents poisonous if eaten. Zone 3 A. Altherr commercially but are still present in Alberta gardens and traded are identified and contain only non-. Ht. 25-40 cm; W. 30-45 cm Ht. 30-90 cm; W. 30-45 cm Ht. 20-30 cm; W. 15-25 cm Ht. 20-30 cm; W. spreading through plant swaps, local plant sales, and other unregulated activities. It is contrary to the Weed Control Act to grow the species 4 Encourage others to plant non-invasive plants and to replace Common Yarrow Globeflower Gas Plant White Swan Coneflower featured in this brochure. Some species are categorized as Noxious existing invasive plants. Achillea millefolium Trollius chinensis Dictamnus albus var. purpureus Echinacea purpurea ‘White Swan’ and as per the Alberta Weed Control Act must be controlled, 4 Mulch and/or use ground covers in open garden areas to Herbaceous perennial with broad, flattened An extremely popular perennial that bursts Long-lived, unique perennial. Lemon scented, A white-flowered variety of the common R. Mueller R. while others are categorized as Prohibited Noxious and must be prevent invasive plants from establishing. heads of flowers and feathery leaves. into colour in late spring and early summer and glossy green leaves. Bushy, upright clumps. purple coneflower. The 8 cm diameter flowers eradicated. The Alberta Weed Control Act was put in place to Commercial varieties with varying flower has contrasting deep green leaves. Easy care, Spikes of spidery-looking mauve-pink have white rays and coppery conical centers protect Alberta from these invasive species. Fact sheets on all 4 Report invasive plants on EDDMapS using your computer or colours are also available. Zone 3 it grows well in a sunny or part-shaded border, flowers. Flowers early summer. Worthwhile on long stems making them ideal cut flowers. for . Attracts butterflies. Zone 2 AVOID USE regulated plants, Noxious and Prohibited Noxious, can be found at smartphone. Go to eddmaps.org/alberta/ to join for free! also at the edge of moist woodland. Flowers Blooms profusely all summer long and is (Invasive) will last a few days when cut. perfect for beds, borders, and naturalized

N. Bakker N. www.abinvasives.ca. Zone 3 areas. Drought, deer, heat, humidity, and poor N. Laforest N. KloosterW. A. Korzun Dame’s Rocket Fotoculus soil tolerant. Zone 3 Hesperis matronalis What is Canada doing about invasive This guide shows you what plants to avoid and examples of good, non- Ht. 60-90 cm; W. 60-90 cm Ht. 75-90 cm; W. 45-60 cm Ht. 60-90 cm; W. 45-60 cm Ht. 60-90 cm; W. 45-60 cm invasive alternatives to consider for your Alberta garden. Choose the right plant for the right place. Russian Sage Prairie Coneflower Cardinal Flower Tufted Fleabane alien plants? yangii Ratibida columnifera Lobelia cardinalis caespitosus This booklet references the United States Department of Agriculture GROW ME INSTEAD Garden In Canada, organizations responding to invasive alien plants (USDA) Cold Hardiness Zone System and reflects the local knowledge Upright bush. Fragrant, grey-green foliage. This perennial coneflower is a valuable An eastern North American native herbaceous A single plant will produce numerous white or (Ornamental) Phlox paniculata include federal, territorial, provincial, and municipal governments, and experience of the Alberta nursery industry. Lavender blue blossoms. Flowers July addition to any dry, sunny border perennial that grows well in wet or even light pink daisy-like flowers in groups of 1-4 at universities, colleges, botanical gardens, herbaria (collections to October. Good for cut flowers/dry being drought tolerant and suitable for boggy soils. Flowers are brilliant vermillion the ends of upper branches. Foliage and stems of dried plants), non-government environmental organizations, LEGEND PLANT SPECIES NATIVE DROUGHT TOLERANT arrangements. Attracts butterflies. Zone 4 xeriscaping. The flowers resemble small red, produced through summer into fall on are covered with stiff hairs. Drought and heat TO ALBERTA hats, with yellow reflexed ray and flowering stalks a metre in height. tolerant. Great for rock gardens and dry sunny youth groups, businesses, and First Nations groups. Responses to LOW WATER FULL SUN large greenish-brown columnar centers. with green or bronze-purple leaves and white garden beds. Zone 3 Grow Me Instead profiles are recommended invasive alien plants have included surveys, mapping, management MODERATE WATER Attracts , butterflies and birds. or pink flowers are available. Zone 2 B. Shrader B. C. Lewis M. Parseyan programs, monitoring, and regulations. Preventive programs are PARTIAL SHADE Gardens Dow Flowers are good for cutting. Zone 3 alternatives to Alberta’s most unwanted REGULAR WATER widely recognized as the most effective and cost-efficient means of FULL SHADE Ht. 80-100 cm; W. 60-90 cm Ht. 60-90 cm; W.40-50 cm Ht. 60-120 cm; W. 30-60 cm Ht. 8-30 cm; W. 12-40 cm horticultural plants control for invasive alien plants. HIGH WATER ALSO CONSIDER: Meadow Rue varieties (Thalictrum delavayi) ALSO CONSIDER: Hardy Lily Species (Lillium dauricum (L. ALSO CONSIDER: Blue Boy Garden Phlox (Phlox paniculata) Zone ALSO CONSIDER: Biokovo Cranesbill Geranium (2015 Perennial A Guide for Alberta 2021 Invasive Alien Plants in Canada Summary Report, CFIA, 2008 Nomenclature from VASCAN, the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada and ACIMS the Alberta Conservation Information Management System Zone 3; Narrow-leaved Meadowsweet ( alba DuRoi var. alba) pensylvanicum)) Zone 3; Lemon Daylily (Hemerocallis flava (H. 3; Blue columbine (Aquilegia brevistyla) Zone 3; Candle Larkspur Plant of the Year) (Geranium × cantabrigiense ‘Biokovo’) Zone 3; Showy Zone 3; Pearly Everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea) Zone 3 lilioasphodelu)) Zone 3 ( elatum) Zone 2; Pink turtle (Chelone lyonii, C. obliqua) Fleabane (Erigeron speciosus) Zone 2; Lance-leaved Tickseed (Coreopsis lanceolata) Zone 3 www.abinvasives.ca Zone 3 INVASIVE - AVOID USE PROHIBITED PROHIBITED YELLOW CLEMATIS NOXIOUS DAME’S ROCKET NOXIOUS CREEPING BELLFLOWER NOXIOUS PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE NOXIOUS SALT CEDAR NOXIOUS PRE-PACKAGED AVOID Clematis tangutica Hesperis matronalis Campanula rapunculoides salicaria Tamarix spp. WILDFLOWER MIXES Spreading vine plant. Yellow, pendant Often confused with garden phlox. Dame’s Bell-shaped, blue flowers on leafy stalks. Tall strong purple spires. Takes over ponds, /small tree that grows 3-4 Many contain seeds of non-native, aggressive flowers. Seeds have silky, long tufts easily rocket has 4 petals and alternate leaves, phlox Reproduces by seeds, creeping rhizomes, and beaches, marshes, farm dugouts, and irrigation metres tall. Scale-like leaves concentrate plant species legislated as invasive. Contents carried on wind and water. Aggressive plant has 5 petals and opposite leaves. Flower tuberous root pieces. Rhizomes can spread canals. A mature plant can produce 2.5 million salt from ground water in saline soil—makes are rarely listed accurately by their scientific once established. Urban and natural area colour can be magenta through to pink or under fences and concrete. Produces up to seeds. Ornamental Lythrum cultivars, originally it unsuitable for many native plants. Deep- names. The wide variety of common names infestations are becoming more common, white. Considered a “traditional” garden 15,000 seeds per plant. Can displace and considered sterile, have proven fertile when rooted and consumes as much as 750 litres used for some plants adds to the confusion. displacing native flora and increasing fire flower. Prolific seed producer often found in dominate lawns and perennial gardens. Survives cross-pollinated, including ‘Morden’ varieties of water per day. Can produce 600,000 Never purchase a seed mix without clearly “ALERT” SPECIES hazard. This species is also moving into “wildflower” mixes. Especially problematic periods of drought and resistant to some developed by Agriculture Canada. Still present in seeds annually that are easily dispersed by R. VidékiR. Miheco labeled scientific names on the packet and be R. Mueller R. Hanna D. Hanna D. The following species are not regulated invasive species in Alberta but are mountain parks. near woodlands. herbicides. Extremely difficult to eradicate. Alberta despite previous eradication efforts. wind and water. Severed stems root readily. aware that some seed packets with contents regulated in neighbouring jurisdictions. They are problematic in certain labeled may still contain surprise invaders not listed. areas of our province. Purchase and/or plant these species with caution. NATIVE & ORNAMENTAL ALTERNATIVES NATIVE & ORNAMENTAL ALTERNATIVES NATIVE & ORNAMENTAL ALTERNATIVES NATIVE & ORNAMENTAL ALTERNATIVES NATIVE & ORNAMENTAL ALTERNATIVES • Bachelor’s Buttons • Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) INSTEAD, TRY... (Centaurea cyanus) • Common Caragana Honeybelle Honeysuckle Garden Phlox Carpathian Harebell Tall Larkspur Saskatoon Serviceberry Lonicera x brownii Phlox paniculata Campanula carpatica Amelanchier alnifolia • Bishop’s Goutweed (Caragana arborescens) of (Aegopodium podagraria) Planting individual packets • Lamium species (Lamium species) Deep golden coloured flowers. Compact Native to eastern and central United States Perennial mounds of blue, cup-like flowers, Rising from a woody rootstock, this stout, Why not make your garden edible as well as your favourite wildflowers. It is far less work • Cypress Spurge • Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis) twining vine. Clean, round medium-green and eastern Canada, it is a summer garden 2.5 cm across, atop a compact rounded tall perennial has deeply cut leaves, and beautiful! Typically, an erect shrub, there are than battling unwanted invasive plants for years. (Euphorbia cyparissias) both stem and leaves have a greyish, waxy • Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) foliage. Blossoms throughout the season. favourite due to the clouds of billowy blooms, clump of dark green leaves. Blooms June to many wonderful varieties available varying in • Mountain Star-thistle Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies. long flowering season, and easy care. The September. Excellent for borders and edging. covering. Spikes of deep blue to purple height, time of flowering and maturity of . (Centaurea ) Zone 4 five-petaled flowers are packed into dense Zone 3 flowers up to 30 cm tall. Zone 3 Flowers are fragrant, berries are sweet, and Making your own wildflower mix. Purchase For more information on these Alert Species visit abinvasives.ca clusters. Many cultivars available in a range foliage turns orange and red in the fall. Zone 2 packets of your favourite flowers, in the colours and sizes right for of flower colours, and fragrances. Attracts

Dow Gardens Dow Smith M. your garden, mix them and plant your own wildflower garden. J. Opiola J. There are several aquatic invasive plants, fish and other species that are Crocus hummingbirds and butterflies. Zone 3 L. Predy regulated in Alberta under the Alberta Fisheries Act. Look for factsheets on Ht. 3-6 m; W. 3-6 m Ht. 30-120 cm; W. 50-70 cm Ht.15-30 cm; W. 15-30 cm Ht.90-180 cm; W. 45-60 cm Ht. 1.5-4 m; W. 1.5-3 m these species at abinvasives.ca Dropmore Scarlet Spotted Joe-pye Weed Smooth Blue Meadow Blazingstar Queen of the Prairie Considering local native plants. Research the Eutrochium maculatum var. maculatum ligulistylis Filipendula rubra ‘Venusta’ native plant growers/suppliers in your area. Choose one of the most Honeysuckle Beardtongue reputable local sources for seed to ensure species planted are native Lonicera x brownii ‘dropmore scarlet’ Native to Canada, this attractive plant Penstemon nitidus Both L. ligulistylis and L. puncata are native Selected from a North American wildflower, to, and adapted for, a specific area. to AB. Easy to grow in a range of soils and Fast-growing twining vine with waxy green produces pale pink-purple flowers atop red Incredibly blue, tubular flowers rise above Queen of the Prairie is a bold accent plant. conditions but prefer dry, sandy or rocky, Caution: Regional mixes (those listed for certain general areas e.g. leaves and showy orange to scarlet trumpet- stems that last mid-summer through fall. A thick, pale green/grey leaves. Flowers late Coarsely divided green leaves. Forms mounds alkaline soils. Stems rise from basal tufts of Prairie mixes) do not necessarily contain native seed. shaped flowers. Blooms throughout the must have for wildflower lovers, it attracts a May to early July depending on elevation. with large panicles of bright pink flowers. narrow, lance-shaped leaves. Fluffy, deep rose- summer. Prefers full sun but will grow and multitude of butterflies with its sweet . Excellent for rock gardens. Best in gravelly, Sturdy upright stems. Zone 2 See also: Alberta Native Plant Council’s Guidelines for Purchase and purple flower heads in columnar flower with partial shade. Developed in Zone 3 well drained soil. Attract butterflies and Use of Wildflower Seed Mixes anpc.ab.ca Prevention inspired; Alberta protected at tops of leafy stems. Good in a mixed hummingbirds. Zone 3 Manitoba for Canadian prairie conditions. Rushbrooke B. T. Tannery Nadiatalent CCBY-SA Nadiatalent Perryhill Nurseries Perryhill garden planting or as a specimen plant. L. Ruk Zone 4 www.abinvasives.ca | [email protected] Ht. 3-4 m Ht. 60-160 cm; W. 60-90 cm Ht. 20-30 cm; W. 20-40 cm Extremely attractive to butterflies. Zone 3 Ht. 30-90 cm; W. 20-40 cm Ht. 120-180 cm; W. 60-90 cm Western White Clematis Giant Hyssop Tall Lungwort Wood Betony Lilacs Clematis ligusticifolia Agastache foeniculum paniculata Stachys officinalis‘Hummelo’ Syringa spp. Acknowledgements Lovely white flowers with yellow centers. Plant this species as an ornamental or in Native across most of ; 2019 Perennial Plant of the Year. Drought Beautiful, classic fragrance and local nurseries This brochure was based on the Special thanks to the input from the Blooms June/July. Decorative “Old Man’s the garden. Short-lived perennial that common in the boreal forest in central and tolerant, deer and rabbit resistant, and carry varieties for cold climates. Blooms vary following publications: following individuals and organizations: Beard” seed head. Twining climber that reseeds and grows in a clumping . Small northern Alberta. Large plant and should are attracted to the nectar from early spring to mid-summer. Adapted Earlier Weed Wise Gardening and Barb Evans, Golden Acre Garden Centre; does not die back to the ground over blue-purple flowers in fuzzy spikes bloom all be given room to spread out. Combine with provided by the tiny orchid-like flowers that to many soil types/climate conditions. From current 2015 Grow Me Instead Verne Williams, VMW Gardener/ winter. Zone 3 summer and into fall. Flowers are edible and other shade-loving native plants to create a make up the bottlebrush spikes. Blooms low urban hedges, e.g. Dwarf Korean Lilac (S. (Alberta Invasive Species Council); Grow Master Gardeners; Amy Needham, City meyeri Me Instead (Invasive Species Council of of Grande Prairie; Qiting Chen, City can be crumbled into salads or made into tea. naturalized area in the garden. Zone 3 beginning in mid-June make good cut-flowers. ‘Palibin’), to large for screening, ; Invasive of Edmonton; Catherine Falk, City of Mint and licorice scented foliage. Attracts Great as an edging plant towards the front of e.g. Donald Wyman Lilac (S. x prestoniae B. Olsen Ruter J. A. Drennan Species Council; Invasive Species Edmonton; Jesse Streight, City of Red bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Zone 4 the border. Keeps its compact shape without NY Botanical Garden ‘Donald Wyman’), a non-suckering type. Zone 3 Council; and Ontario Invasive Plant Deer; Keziah Lesko-Gosselin, City of Ht. 4-9 m; W. 0.5-1 m Ht. 100-150 cm; W. 30 cm Ht. 10-70 cm; W. spreading pruning. Zone 3 Ht. 30-60 cm; W. 30-60 cm Ht. 1.5-4 m; W. 1.5-3 m Council – Northern Version) Medicine Hat ALSO CONSIDER: Common Hop (Humulus) Zone 3; Persian ALSO CONSIDER: Autumn Joy Sedum (Sedum x ‘Autumn Joy’) ALSO CONSIDER: Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) Zone 3; ALSO CONSIDER: Spike Speedwell (Veronica spicata) Zone 3; ALSO CONSIDER: Rocky Mountain Juniper varieties (Juniperus Yellow Rose (Rosa foetida persiana) Zone 4; Hardy grapes, Zone 3 Zone 2; Blue False Indigo (Baptisia australis) Zone 3, Wild Bergamot Larkspur/Delphinium (Delphinium spp. ornamental varieties) Zone 3; Karl Foerster Feather Reed Grass (Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Karl scopulorum) Zone 3; Ninebark shrub varieties (Physocarpus A portion of the funds for this brochure/booklet came from a creative sentence that (Monarda fistulosa) Zone 3 Foerster’) Zone 3; Wilson’s Ligularia (Ligularia wilsoniana) Zone 2 opulifolius) Zone 2; Prickly Wildrose (Rosa acicularis) Zone 2 the Provincial Court of Alberta imposed as a result of an Environmental Protection and Silvery Perennial Lupine (Lupinus argenteus) Zone 3 Enhancement Act infraction. Indian Paintbrush, by Sarowen PRINTED: SPRING 2021