Come Leggere Un'opera D'arte. Palma Il Vecchio
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Caterina Corner in Venetian History and Iconography Holly Hurlburt
Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2009, vol. 4 Body of Empire: Caterina Corner in Venetian History and Iconography Holly Hurlburt n 1578, a committee of government officials and monk and historian IGirolamo Bardi planned a program of redecoration for the Sala del Maggior Consiglio (Great Council Hall) and the adjoining Scrutinio, among the largest and most important rooms in the Venetian Doge’s Palace. Completed, the schema would recount Venetian history in terms of its international stature, its victories, and particularly its conquests; by the sixteenth century Venice had created a sizable maritime empire that stretched across the eastern Mediterranean, to which it added considerable holdings on the Italian mainland.1 Yet what many Venetians regarded as the jewel of its empire, the island of Cyprus, was calamitously lost to the Ottoman Turks in 1571, three years before the first of two fires that would necessitate the redecoration of these civic spaces.2 Anxiety about such a loss, fear of future threats, concern for Venice’s place in evolving geopolitics, and nostalgia for the past prompted the creation of this triumphant pro- gram, which featured thirty-five historical scenes on the walls surmounted by a chronological series of ducal portraits. Complementing these were twenty-one large narratives on the ceiling, flanked by smaller depictions of the city’s feats spanning the previous seven hundred years. The program culminated in the Maggior Consiglio, with Tintoretto’s massive Paradise on one wall and, on the ceiling, three depictions of allegorical Venice in triumph by Tintoretto, Veronese, and Palma il Giovane. These rooms, a center of republican authority, became a showcase for the skills of these and other artists, whose history paintings in particular underscore the deeds of men: clothed, in armor, partially nude, frontal and foreshortened, 61 62 EMWJ 2009, vol. -
Janson. History of Art. Chapter 16: The
16_CH16_P556-589.qxp 12/10/09 09:16 Page 556 16_CH16_P556-589.qxp 12/10/09 09:16 Page 557 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER The High Renaissance in Italy, 1495 1520 OOKINGBACKATTHEARTISTSOFTHEFIFTEENTHCENTURY , THE artist and art historian Giorgio Vasari wrote in 1550, Truly great was the advancement conferred on the arts of architecture, painting, and L sculpture by those excellent masters. From Vasari s perspective, the earlier generation had provided the groundwork that enabled sixteenth-century artists to surpass the age of the ancients. Later artists and critics agreed Leonardo, Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giorgione, and with Vasari s judgment that the artists who worked in the decades Titian were all sought after in early sixteenth-century Italy, and just before and after 1500 attained a perfection in their art worthy the two who lived beyond 1520, Michelangelo and Titian, were of admiration and emulation. internationally celebrated during their lifetimes. This fame was For Vasari, the artists of this generation were paragons of their part of a wholesale change in the status of artists that had been profession. Following Vasari, artists and art teachers of subse- occurring gradually during the course of the fifteenth century and quent centuries have used the works of this 25-year period which gained strength with these artists. Despite the qualities of between 1495 and 1520, known as the High Renaissance, as a their births, or the differences in their styles and personalities, benchmark against which to measure their own. Yet the idea of a these artists were given the respect due to intellectuals and High Renaissance presupposes that it follows something humanists. -
Ave Maris Stella” (1610)
“In the Flesh as Well as in Spirit”1: (Meta) Physical Embodiment in Monteverdi’s setting of “Ave Maris Stella” (1610) Gordon Haramaki San José State University In 1610 Monteverdi published his setting of the plainchant hymn, “Ave maris stella” as part of his massive Vespro della Beata Vergine. Based on the thirteenth-century hymn used for vespers on the feast days of the Virgin Mary and of other female saints, the words are in seven litany-like verses that open with praise for the Virgin Mary, implore for intercession in the central verses, and end with a doxological commendation of the Trinity (ex. 1 and 2). Example 1. Monteverdi’s version of the plainchant “Ave maris stella” Example 2. The text of “Ave maris stella” 1 Ave maris stella, Hail, star of the sea, Dei mater alma, Mother of God, atque semper Virgo, and ever Virgin felix coeli porta. joyful gate of heaven. 2 Sumens illud Ave, Receiving that “Ave” Gabrielis ore, spoken by Gabriel funda nos in pace, and reversing the name “Eva” mutans Evae nomen. establish peace in our lives. 1 Jacobus de Voragine, The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints, trans. by William Granger Ryan (Princeton, New Jersey, 1993) I, 82-83. “In Saint Elizabeth’s Revelations we read that once when the saint was rapt in ecstasy, she had a vision…Not long afterwards Elizabeth asked the angel with whom she frequently talked what the vision had meant. The angel answered: “You were shown how our Lady was assumed into heaven in the flesh as well as in spirit.” American Musicological Society Annual Conference Indianapolis, November 4, 2010 3 Solve vincia reis, Loose the bonds of sin, profer lumen caecis, bring light to the blind, mala nostra pelle, destroy our wickedness, bona cuncta posce, pray for all that is good. -
Vincenzo Cappello C
National Gallery of Art NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART ONLINE EDITIONS Italian Paintings of the Sixteenth Century Titian and Workshop Titian Venetian, 1488/1490 - 1576 Italian 16th Century Vincenzo Cappello c. 1550/1560 oil on canvas overall: 141 x 118.1 cm (55 1/2 x 46 1/2 in.) framed: 169.2 x 135.3 x 10.2 cm (66 5/8 x 53 1/4 x 4 in.) Samuel H. Kress Collection 1957.14.3 ENTRY This portrait is known in at least four other contemporary versions or copies: in the Chrysler Museum, Norfolk, Virginia[fig. 1]; [1] in the State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg [fig. 2]; [2] in the Seminario Vescovile, Padua; [3] and in the Koelikker collection, Milan. [4] According to John Shearman, x-radiographs have revealed that yet another version was originally painted under the Titian workshop picture Titian and His Friends at Hampton Court (illustrated under Andrea de’ Franceschi). [5] Of these versions, the Gallery’s picture is now generally accepted as the earliest and the finest, and before it entered the Kress collection in 1954, the identity of the sitter, established by Victor Lasareff in 1923 with reference to the Hermitage version, has never subsequently been doubted. [6] Lasareff retained a traditional attribution to Tintoretto, and Rodolfo Pallucchini and W. R. Rearick upheld a similarly traditional attribution to Tintoretto of the present version. [7] But as argued by Wilhelm Suida in 1933 with reference to the Chrysler version (then in Munich), and by Fern Rusk Shapley and Harold Wethey with reference to the present version, an attribution to Titian is more likely. -
2004/1 (8) 1 Art on the Line
Art on the line NEWS – The Age of Titian in Edinburgh The Age of Titian: Venetian Renaissance Art opinion of Professor Peter Humfrey, of the from Scottish Collections is a major exhibi- University of St Andrews and guest curator of tion planned for the National Gallery of the exhbition, will nicely complement those in Scotland in Edinburgh from 4 August to 5 Edinburgh. Another little-known work from a December 2004. It will bring together the Scottish public collection is Bonifacio’s Sacra National Gallery’s own group of Venetian Conversazione in the McManus Art Gallery Cinquecento pictures, loaned to it since 1945 in Dundee. by the Dukes of Sutherland, and Edinburgh’s “The exhibition will also draw on a num- other Venetian pictures (including important ber of Scottish private collections. Despite works by Cariani, Jacopo Bassano, Moroni the sales and dispersals of the later nine- and Veronese – and even perhaps by teenth and twentieth centuries, Scotland Giorgione) plus those in Scotland’s other remains rich in collections such as those of principal public art gallery, that of Glasgow the Marquess of Bute or the Earl of Wemyss, (Kelvingrove and Burrell Collection). formed by Scottish noblemen in the Regency Some of the former Sutherland pictures, and Victorian periods,” said Professor including Tintoretto’s Entombment and Humfrey. “Some of these collections are very Lotto’s Virgin and Child with Saints, and now little known, and among the works that have also Titian’s Venus Anadyomene (figure 1), been promised to the exhibition are have in the meantime been acquired by the Savoldo’s Shepherd and Romanino’s National Gallery. -
V. MOSCHINI Spetto Del Quadro, Quando La Pulitura, Iniziata Con Piccole Prove Che Trovarono Ampia Conferma Nelle Radiografie, I) V
©Ministero dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo -Bollettino d'Arte FIG. I - VENEZIA, GALLERIE DELL' ACCADEMIA - LA PRIMA SALA NUOVI ALLESTIMENTI E RESTAURI di Venezia poter contare su di un artista come Carlo Scarpa, dotato di una sensibilità più che rara, anche se ALLE GALLERIE DI VENEZIA egli talvolta trovò delle limitazioni, specialmente dovute all'edificio già esistente. Le rettifiche durante i lavori A QUANDO NEL 1948 davo notizia in questo Bollettino furono appena quelle inevitabili in simili operazioni, nè vi D della nuova sistemazione in corso delle Gallerie del furono esperimenti magari audaci ma con il rischio di l'Accademia, I) non poco si è fatto per presentare in modo dover rifare tutto daccapo. Vi potranno essere dei ritocchi, organico e omogeneo il nucleo essenziale di quella ecce ma l'insieme sembra destinato a restare almeno per la zionale raccolta, anche se siamo stati costretti a lasciar durata normale di tali allestimenti, e questo è già qualcosa. da parte i progetti di ampliamento. Nel frattempo alcuni Dopo i primi lavori, tra i quali fu specialmente dimostra lavori vennero fatti conoscere,2) ma sia pure a costo di tiva la sistemazione della sala di S. Orsola, si passò a uti ripetizioni non sarà forse inutile qualche cenno ulteriore. lizzare il vasto e disorganico ambiente costituito dalla parte I criteri indicati in quel mio articolo ormai stagionato superiore della Chiesa della Carità, reso anzitutto assai più vennero seguiti successivamente con quella fedeltà che era luminoso per l'apertura di nuovi lucernai. S'introdusse solo possibile restando le persone che continuavano ad at qui in pieno l'uso di pannelli anche di grandI dimensioni, tuarli. -
On the Exhibition Policies for Raphael's Masterpieces
Renaissance 3/2015 - 1 /lessandra Galiz6i Kroegel “3a.e space #or the great Raphael9& :n the ;*hibition Policies #or Raphael1s 3asterpieces Fig. 1= >iew of the current installation of the 2istine 3adonna in the +emäldegalerie /lte 3eister ?resden @0erbert -oswan., ?resden, 2taatliche 8unstsammlungen ?resdenA. “Raphael, or Ingres, or Picasso are meant Raphael in German and Italian museums during to be meditated upon. !" In order to med- the nineteenth centur) and up to the #irst hal# o# itate on a painting, it is essential to present the t%entieth century.[2] ,his stud) %as inspired it in a #avorable location and %ithin a calm b) (laudia -rin. and /ndreas 0enning1s care#ul atmosphere.& reconstruction o# the various hangings o# the 'e (orbusier[1] 2istine 3adonna #rom 1455, %hen the altarpiece arrived in 2a*on) a#ter its removal #rom the In this essa) I %ill discuss the e*hibition policies church o# 2an 2isto in Piacenza, to the present that %ere developed #or a #e% altarpieces b) day in its current location in the Gem7ldegalerie /lessandra +ali66i 8roegel 3a.e space #or the great Raphael9 .unstte*te.de 3/2015 - 2 <ig. 2= /dol# von 3en6el, Plat6 #Br den groβen Raf#ael9, Raphael in ?resden 1D55/5E, +ouache and pastel on paper, 5F * F2 cm, +er- manisches Gationalmuseum Gurnberg, 'oan o# the cit) of Gurnberg, @3oni.a Runge, +ermanisches Gationalmuseum “3ake space #or the great Raphael9&= a #amous Gurnberg). gouache b) /dolph 3en6el bearing this title (1D55/1D5EA @#ig. 2A illustrates an anecdote %hich ma) have circulated at the court o# 2a*on) #rom /lte 3eister in ?resden, %here it is e*hibited as the middle o# the eighteenth century, and %hich the clima* o# the %estern %ing1s stunning en#i- became %ell-.no%n not onl) in +erman) but to lade o# Italian galleries @#ig. -
Venetian Art, 1600–1797 Massimo Favilla, Ruggero Rugolo, And
VENETIAN ART, 1600–1797 Massimo Favilla, Ruggero Rugolo, and Dulcia Meijers* Part One: The 17th Century On 21 August 1609, Galileo Galilei gave a demonstration of his recently perfected telescope to Doge Leonardo Donà and the senators of the Vene- tian Republic from a room atop the bell-tower of St. Mark’s. By means of this extraordinary instrument, places and things once invisible to the naked eye suddenly came within view: in this case, even the domes of the basilica of Santa Giustina in Padua.1 Venice thus witnessed the beginning of a new vision of the world, which in the realm of painting helped bring about the infinite and vertiginous perspectives displayed on the baroque walls and ceilings of all of Europe. Three years earlier, in 1606, the Roman curia had excommunicated the Republic of San Marco for the state’s stalwart defense of its own jurisdic- tion (the Interdict crisis). In the face of unacceptable interference from Rome, the Dominante reacted with obstinate opposition and held its ground throughout the trying episode. The passing of the century brought still other critical moments: the devastating plague of 1630, followed by the disastrous war of Candia (1645–69), in which Venice finally lost the homonymous island (Crete in Italian) to the Ottoman Empire, the high point in 1687 of Venice’s long-awaited first victories over the Ottomans led by the future Doge Francesco Morosini “il Peloponnesiaco,” and the appro- priately solemn consecration of the monumental Basilica della Salute in 1631 (in the wake of the plague) designed by Baldassare Longhena. -
Inventive Translation, Portraiture, and Spanish Hapsburg Taste in the Sixteenth Century
9 © Copyrighted Material Inventive Translation, Portraiture and Spanish Habsburg Taste in the Sixteenth Century Elena Calvillo The Spanish Patron In his autobiography, Benvenuto Cellini recounts how when faced with an angry mob of Spaniards from the household of the bishop of Salamanca, he defiantly pointed his gun into the crowd and cried, ‘You treacherous Moors – so this is how you loot the shops and houses in a city like Rome?’1 According to the artist, the Spaniards had come to collect a vase that had been returned to Cellini to be repaired, but because the patron had not yet paid for it, Cellini declined to release it. The commotion surrounding this exchange soon attracted the attention of a few Roman gentlemen, eager to join the fight. Their offer to help Cellini kill his opponents was made ‘with such vehemence that the Spaniards were terrified out of their wits’ and retreated.2 The Spanish courtiers were subsequently admonished by the bishop, who, Cellini claimed, was angered by both the violence initiated by the brash members of his household and by their failure to finish the job. Cellini’s characterization of the Spanish throughout this part of his text, leading up to the Sack of 1527, is similar to many portrayals of this period.3 For Cellini, such a depiction of the troublesome Spaniards served the rhetorical ends of the autobiography by highlighting his loyalty to Rome and his personal bravery, most spectacularly demonstrated in his account of the defence of the Castel Sant’Angelo against imperial troops. A few themes emerge from Cellini’s anecdote. -
Tiziano 001-098
53 La “bottega” di Tiziano: sistema solare e buco nero Enrico Maria Dal Pozzolo Bottega? non sempre risolve le cose, che risultano spes- Partiamo da un caso alla ribalta proprio nei so assai più complesse di quanto una storia giorni di questo convegno1. dell’arte di impostazione sostanzialmente po- Il 6 aprile 2006 alla Christie’s di New York è sitivistica (che insegue prove, accumulando stata battuta la cosiddetta Madonna Molloy, dati e indizi che immette in una ricostruzione una Mater dolorosa che ha avuto una vicenda “logica” del problema) tenda a riconoscere, ed critica piuttosto in ombra nella letteratura ti- esistono casi specifici o fenomeni generali in zianesca (fig. 25)2. Ascritta al maestro, tra gli cui la griglia di inquadramento valutativo, per altri, da von Hadeln, Mayer e Suida, è caduta tenere, dovrà divenire necessariamente molto nel limbo a seguito delle espunzioni di Valca- flessibile, se addirittura non dovrà essere ri- nover, Wethey e Pallucchini, nei tre repertori messa in discussione in toto, ammettendo l’e- ragionati tizianeschi che dal 1969 continuano sistenza di coni d’ombra che oscurano il mi- a costituire la base di orientamento per gli stero sia della creazione individuale, sia della specialisti3. In seguito il catalogo di vendita produzione di “scuola”. Insomma, per esser registra solo il parere sospensivo (“Tiziano?”) chiari, bisognerà pur ammettere che il genio di Alessandro Ballarin, che però non conosce- non è sempre immenso e che il minore – va personalmente il pezzo4. oscuri collaboratori compresi – -
Sacra Conversazione in Venice*
A New Palma Vecchio in the Chapter Hall Museum, Birgu - Some Observations on the Domestic Sacra Conversazione in Venice* Philip Cottrell A painting attributed to the sixteenth-century Venetian school was recently pub lished in Birgu - A Maltese Maritime City.! The work in question. The Virgin and Child with St. Peter and a Donor (PI. 1), is owned by the Chapter Hall Museum, Birgu. 2 It can now be considered as a new addition to the oeuvre of Jacopo Negretti, called Palma il Vecchio (c.1485-1528V The composition of the painting duplicates that of a picture by this artist in the Galleria Colonna, Rome (PI. 2), even down to the portrait of the donor being 'presented' to the Virgin and Child by St. Peter.4 These variants represent a type that has become specifically associated with Palma: the Sacra Conversazione. Although this is a much abused term, often used to describe any picture portraying the Virgin and Child accompanied by attendant figures, it is most often applied to a particular generic type produced by artists working in and * I would like to express my sincere thanks to John Gash of the University of Aberdeen and Peter Humfrey from the University of SI. Andrews for their help in the preparation of this article. I. See M. Buhagiar. "The Artistic Heritage", Bir/!,u -A Maltese Maritime City, Malta University Serv ice Ltd. 1993, 516: "The painting is by an unknown sixteenth century Venetian master of consider able artistic sophistication. There are echoes of Giorgione ... and the young Titian .. .in the masterly handling of oil paint, in the sensuous response to the textures of fine clothes, and in the evocative peace of the distant landscape". -
Sebastiano Del Piombo and His Collaboration with Michelangelo: Distance and Proximity to the Divine in Catholic Reformation Rome
SEBASTIANO DEL PIOMBO AND HIS COLLABORATION WITH MICHELANGELO: DISTANCE AND PROXIMITY TO THE DIVINE IN CATHOLIC REFORMATION ROME by Marsha Libina A dissertation submitted to the Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland April, 2015 © 2015 Marsha Libina All Rights Reserved Abstract This dissertation is structured around seven paintings that mark decisive moments in Sebastiano del Piombo’s Roman career (1511-47) and his collaboration with Michelangelo. Scholarship on Sebastiano’s collaborative works with Michelangelo typically concentrates on the artists’ division of labor and explains the works as a reconciliation of Venetian colorito (coloring) and Tuscan disegno (design). Consequently, discourses of interregional rivalry, center and periphery, and the normativity of the Roman High Renaissance become the overriding terms in which Sebastiano’s work is discussed. What has been overlooked is Sebastiano’s own visual intelligence, his active rather than passive use of Michelangelo’s skills, and the novelty of his works, made in response to reform currents of the early sixteenth century. This study investigates the significance behind Sebastiano’s repeating, slowing down, and narrowing in on the figure of Christ in his Roman works. The dissertation begins by addressing Sebastiano’s use of Michelangelo’s drawings as catalysts for his own inventions, demonstrating his investment in collaboration and strategies of citation as tools for artistic image-making. Focusing on Sebastiano’s reinvention of his partner’s drawings, it then looks at the ways in which the artist engaged with the central debates of the Catholic Reformation – debates on the Church’s mediation of the divine, the role of the individual in the path to personal salvation, and the increasingly problematic distance between the layperson and God.