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List of Village Panchayats in Tamil Nadu District Code District Name
List of Village Panchayats in Tamil Nadu District Code District Name Block Code Block Name Village Code Village Panchayat Name 1 Kanchipuram 1 Kanchipuram 1 Angambakkam 2 Ariaperumbakkam 3 Arpakkam 4 Asoor 5 Avalur 6 Ayyengarkulam 7 Damal 8 Elayanarvelur 9 Kalakattoor 10 Kalur 11 Kambarajapuram 12 Karuppadithattadai 13 Kavanthandalam 14 Keelambi 15 Kilar 16 Keelkadirpur 17 Keelperamanallur 18 Kolivakkam 19 Konerikuppam 20 Kuram 21 Magaral 22 Melkadirpur 23 Melottivakkam 24 Musaravakkam 25 Muthavedu 26 Muttavakkam 27 Narapakkam 28 Nathapettai 29 Olakkolapattu 30 Orikkai 31 Perumbakkam 32 Punjarasanthangal 33 Putheri 34 Sirukaveripakkam 35 Sirunaiperugal 36 Thammanur 37 Thenambakkam 38 Thimmasamudram 39 Thilruparuthikundram 40 Thirupukuzhi List of Village Panchayats in Tamil Nadu District Code District Name Block Code Block Name Village Code Village Panchayat Name 41 Valathottam 42 Vippedu 43 Vishar 2 Walajabad 1 Agaram 2 Alapakkam 3 Ariyambakkam 4 Athivakkam 5 Attuputhur 6 Aymicheri 7 Ayyampettai 8 Devariyambakkam 9 Ekanampettai 10 Enadur 11 Govindavadi 12 Illuppapattu 13 Injambakkam 14 Kaliyanoor 15 Karai 16 Karur 17 Kattavakkam 18 Keelottivakkam 19 Kithiripettai 20 Kottavakkam 21 Kunnavakkam 22 Kuthirambakkam 23 Marutham 24 Muthyalpettai 25 Nathanallur 26 Nayakkenpettai 27 Nayakkenkuppam 28 Olaiyur 29 Paduneli 30 Palaiyaseevaram 31 Paranthur 32 Podavur 33 Poosivakkam 34 Pullalur 35 Puliyambakkam 36 Purisai List of Village Panchayats in Tamil Nadu District Code District Name Block Code Block Name Village Code Village Panchayat Name 37 -
Sale Notice for Sale of Immovable Properties
ANNEXURE – 15 [See Proviso to Rule 8(6)] SALE NOTICE FOR SALE OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTIES E-Auction Sale Notice for Sale of Immovable Assets under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 read with provisio to Rule 8(6) of the Security Interest (Enforcement) Rules, 2002 Notice is hereby given to the public in general and in particular to the Borrower(s) and Guarantor(s) that the below described immovable properties mortgaged to the Secured Creditor, the constructive possession of which has been taken by the Authorised Officer of State Bank of India, being the Secured Creditor, will be sold on “Äs is where is”, “As is what is “, and “Whatever there is” basis on 10.02.2021 for recovery of ₹2,69,06,476.98 (Rupees Two Crores Sixty Nine Lakhs Six Thousands Four Hundred and Seventy Six Paise Ninety Eight Only) as on 31.12.2020 with future interest and costs due to the State Bank of India, SARB, Chennai from the Borrower(s) and the Guarantor(s) as mentioned below. The Reserve Price and the Earnest Money Deposit (EMD) as mentioned below, the latter amount to be deposited with the Bank, on or before 08.02.2021 Name of the Borrowers and Guarantors Perfect Vending (India) Pvt Ltd, Shri. Sanjeev Mohan Perfect Vending (India) Pvt Ltd., 4B-1 KSR Main Road, S/o Shri. G Mohan Das, 1/46, Pandurangapuram, Padi, KSR Nagar, Near Telephone Flat No.E, Spring Wood Apts., Chennai – 600 050 Exchange, Ambattur, No.6, Ranjith Road, Kotturpuram, Chennai – 600 053 Chennai – 600 085 Shri. -
Karanodai Minjur Road (Km 0/0 – Km 16/4)
INDIA: THIRD TAMIL NADU URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Traffic and Transportation Schemes RESETTLEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN for Karanodai Minjur Road (Km 0/0 – Km 16/4) HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT & CHENNAI METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Government of Tamil Nadu May 2008 Contents CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................. 6 Background .............................................................................................................. 6 Resettlement Policy Framework .............................................................................. 6 Land acquisition and R&R measures ...................................................................... 7 Resettlement Implementation Plan ........................................................................ 8 Description of the sub-Project ............................................................................... 8 Minimising Resettlement .......................................................................................... 9 Land acquisition and R&R impacts ....................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................... 15 Socio Economic Characteristics of PAPs .............................................................. 15 Methodology Adopted .......................................................................................... 15 Perceived benefits of the project -
The Chennai Comprehensive Transportation Study (CCTS)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The consultants are grateful to Tmt. Susan Mathew, I.A.S., Addl. Chief Secretary to Govt. & Vice-Chairperson, CMDA and Thiru Dayanand Kataria, I.A.S., Member - Secretary, CMDA for the valuable support and encouragement extended to the Study. Our thanks are also due to the former Vice-Chairman, Thiru T.R. Srinivasan, I.A.S., (Retd.) and former Member-Secretary Thiru Md. Nasimuddin, I.A.S. for having given an opportunity to undertake the Chennai Comprehensive Transportation Study. The consultants also thank Thiru.Vikram Kapur, I.A.S. for the guidance and encouragement given in taking the Study forward. We place our record of sincere gratitude to the Project Management Unit of TNUDP-III in CMDA, comprising Thiru K. Kumar, Chief Planner, Thiru M. Sivashanmugam, Senior Planner, & Tmt. R. Meena, Assistant Planner for their unstinted and valuable contribution throughout the assignment. We thank Thiru C. Palanivelu, Member-Chief Planner for the guidance and support extended. The comments and suggestions of the World Bank on the stage reports are duly acknowledged. The consultants are thankful to the Steering Committee comprising the Secretaries to Govt., and Heads of Departments concerned with urban transport, chaired by Vice- Chairperson, CMDA and the Technical Committee chaired by the Chief Planner, CMDA and represented by Department of Highways, Southern Railways, Metropolitan Transport Corporation, Chennai Municipal Corporation, Chennai Port Trust, Chennai Traffic Police, Chennai Sub-urban Police, Commissionerate of Municipal Administration, IIT-Madras and the representatives of NGOs. The consultants place on record the support and cooperation extended by the officers and staff of CMDA and various project implementing organizations and the residents of Chennai, without whom the study would not have been successful. -
Camp Day FN/AN Camp Site ( Site, Village Name and Name of PHC Area)
Hospital on wheels Programme (HoWP) - Microplan Thiruvallur Health District 1.Block:KADAMBATHUR PHC to which HoWP is attached : Perambakkam Distance of the Camp Site ( Site, Village name and Name of the Villages to Population to be Camp Day FN/AN villages covered Area staff to involved name of PHC area) be Covered covered from the camp site ICDS Kamavarpalayam PHC VHN,SHN, HI & ICDS FN Kammavarpalyam 0.5 km 946 Kadampathur Staffs 1st Monday ICDS Nungambakkam PHC VHN,SHN, HI & ICDS AN Nungambakkam 0.5 km 988 Kadampathur Staffs ICDS Anjugam Nagar PHC Anjugam Nagar, VHN,SHN, HI & ICDS FN 0.5 km 2360 Kadampathur Adikathur village Staffs 1st Tuesday AN Kadambathur PHC Review Meeting ICDS Mellnalathur PHC VHN,SHN, HI & ICDS FN Mellnalathur 1.0 km 3264 Kadampathur Staffs 1st Wednesday VHN,SHN, HI & ICDS AN Temple Pattarai PHC Kadampathur Pattarai village 0.3 km 532 Staffs VHN,SHN, HI & ICDS FN ICDS Madathukuppam PHC Vidaiyur Madathukuppam 0.5 km 510 Staffs 1st Thursday VHN,SHN, HI & ICDS AN ICDS Raman koil PHC Vidaiyur Raman koil 1.0 km 1141 Staffs VHN,SHN, HI & ICDS FN ICDS Veppanchetti PHC Vidaiyur Veppanchettai 0.2 km 494 Staffs 1st Friday CST Church Phillispuram PHC VHN,SHN, HI & ICDS AN Phillispuram 0.2 km 455 Vidaiyur Staffs PU School Madurakandigai PHC VHN,SHN, HI & ICDS 1st Saturday FN Madurakandigai & Chenji 0.2 km 345 Vidaiyur Staffs Hospital on wheels Programme (HoWP) - Microplan Block:KADAMBATHUR Week: 2 PHC to which HoWP is attached : Perambakkam Distance of the Camp Site ( Site, Village name and Name of the Villages to Population -
SNO APP.No Name Contact Address Reason 1 AP-1 K
SNO APP.No Name Contact Address Reason 1 AP-1 K. Pandeeswaran No.2/545, Then Colony, Vilampatti Post, Intercaste Marriage certificate not enclosed Sivakasi, Virudhunagar – 626 124 2 AP-2 P. Karthigai Selvi No.2/545, Then Colony, Vilampatti Post, Only one ID proof attached. Sivakasi, Virudhunagar – 626 124 3 AP-8 N. Esakkiappan No.37/45E, Nandhagopalapuram, Above age Thoothukudi – 628 002. 4 AP-25 M. Dinesh No.4/133, Kothamalai Road,Vadaku Only one ID proof attached. Street,Vadugam Post,Rasipuram Taluk, Namakkal – 637 407. 5 AP-26 K. Venkatesh No.4/47, Kettupatti, Only one ID proof attached. Dokkupodhanahalli, Dharmapuri – 636 807. 6 AP-28 P. Manipandi 1stStreet, 24thWard, Self attestation not found in the enclosures Sivaji Nagar, and photo Theni – 625 531. 7 AP-49 K. Sobanbabu No.10/4, T.K.Garden, 3rdStreet, Korukkupet, Self attestation not found in the enclosures Chennai – 600 021. and photo 8 AP-58 S. Barkavi No.168, Sivaji Nagar, Veerampattinam, Community Certificate Wrongly enclosed Pondicherry – 605 007. 9 AP-60 V.A.Kishor Kumar No.19, Thilagar nagar, Ist st, Kaladipet, Only one ID proof attached. Thiruvottiyur, Chennai -600 019 10 AP-61 D.Anbalagan No.8/171, Church Street, Only one ID proof attached. Komathimuthupuram Post, Panaiyoor(via) Changarankovil Taluk, Tirunelveli, 627 761. 11 AP-64 S. Arun kannan No. 15D, Poonga Nagar, Kaladipet, Only one ID proof attached. Thiruvottiyur, Ch – 600 019 12 AP-69 K. Lavanya Priyadharshini No, 35, A Block, Nochi Nagar, Mylapore, Only one ID proof attached. Chennai – 600 004 13 AP-70 G. -
THIRU VIKRAMKAPUR, IAS, Proc.No. RT /5039 /2008-C Dated:04
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEMBER SECRETARY, CMDA, CHENNAI-8. PRESENT: THIRU VIKRAMKAPUR, I.A.S., Proc.No. RT /5039 /2008-C Dated:04.09.2008. Sub: CMDA - Planning Permission - Delegation of powers to Executive Officers of Town Panchayats within CMA - orders - issued. The Government in G.O.Ms.No 190 H&UD Department, dated 2.09.2008 has approved the Second Master Plan for Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) which was notified in the Tamil Nadu Government Gazette on 2.09.2008. The Second Master Plan for CMA including the Development Regulations contained therein comes into operation from the date of publication of the notification in the Tamil Nadu Government Gazette. 2. Powers for issue of planning permissions, to the Executive Officer of the Town Panchayats within CMA have been delegated earlier in different Authority proceedings. Since the revised Development Regulations (forming part of the Second Master Plan) have come into force, a need has arisen to issue a revised delegation of powers with reference to the Second Master Plan Development Regulations to the Executive Officers for issue of planning permissions. 3. Under Sub-section (3) of section 9-C of the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 (as amended from time to time), the CMDA hereby delegates its powers for issue of planning permission to the Executive Officers of Town Panchayats excluding Porur Town Panchayats within CMA (i.e. (i) Minjur, (ii) Chinnasekkadu, (iii) Puzhal, (iv) Naravarrikuppam, (v) Thirunindravur, (vi) Thirumazhisai, (vii) Mangadu, (viii) Nandambakkam, (ix) Meenambakkam, (x) Kundrathur, (xi) Thiruneermalai, (xii) Perungalathur, (xiii) Peerkankaranai, (xiv) Chitlapakkam, (xv) Sembakkam, (xvi) Madambakkam, (xvii) Perungudi, (xviii) Pallikaranai and (xix) Sholinganallur Town 1 Panchayats) in respect of the following developments subject to the restrictions mentioned hereunder: (A). -
The Institute of Road Transport Driver Training Wing, Gummidipundi
THE INSTITUTE OF ROAD TRANSPORT DRIVER TRAINING WING, GUMMIDIPUNDI LIST OF TRAINEES COMPLETED THE HVDT COURSE Roll.No:17SKGU2210 Thiru.BARATH KUMAR E S/o. Thiru.ELANCHEZHIAN D 2/829, RAILWAY STATION ST PERUMAL NAICKEN PALAYAM 1 8903739190 GUMMIDIPUNDI MELPATTAMBAKKAM PO,PANRUTTI TK CUDDALORE DIST Pincode:607104 Roll.No:17SKGU3031 Thiru.BHARATH KUMAR P S/o. Thiru.PONNURENGAM 950 44TH BLOCK 2 SATHIYAMOORTHI NAGAR 9789826462 GUMMIDIPUNDI VYASARPADI CHENNAI Pincode:600039 Roll.No:17SKGU4002 Thiru.ANANDH B S/o. Thiru.BALASUBRAMANIAN K 2/157 NATESAN NAGAR 3 3RD STREET 9445516645 GUMMIDIPUNDI IYYPANTHANGAL CHENNAI Pincode:600056 Roll.No:17SKGU4004 Thiru.BHARATHI VELU C S/o. Thiru.CHELLAN 286 VELAPAKKAM VILLAGE 4 PERIYAPALAYAM PO 9789781793 GUMMIDIPUNDI UTHUKOTTAI TK THIRUVALLUR DIST Pincode:601102 Roll.No:17SKGU4006 Thiru.ILAMPARITHI P S/o. Thiru.PARTHIBAN A 133 BLA MURUGAN TEMPLE ST 5 ELAPAKKAM VILLAGE & POST 9952053996 GUMMIDIPUNDI MADURANDAGAM TK KANCHIPURAM DT Pincode:603201 Roll.No:17SKGU4008 Thiru.ANANTH P S/o. Thiru.PANNEER SELVAM S 10/191 CANAL BANK ROAD 6 KASTHURIBAI NAGAR 9940056339 GUMMIDIPUNDI ADYAR CHENNAI Pincode:600020 Roll.No:17SKGU4010 Thiru.VIJAYAKUMAR R S/o. Thiru.RAJENDIRAN TELUGU COLONY ROAD 7 DEENADAYALAN NAGAR 9790303527 GUMMIDIPUNDI KAVARAPETTAI THIRUVALLUR DIST Pincode:601206 Roll.No:17SKGU4011 Thiru.ULIS GRANT P S/o. Thiru.PANNEER G 68 THAYUMAN CHETTY STREET 8 PONNERI 9791745741 GUMMIDIPUNDI THIRUVALLUR THIRUVALLUR DIST Pincode:601204 Roll.No:17SKGU4012 Thiru.BALAMURUGAN S S/o. Thiru.SUNDARRAJAN N 23A,EGAMBARAPURAM ST 9 BIG KANCHEEPURAM 9698307081 GUMMIDIPUNDI KANCHEEPURAM DIST Pincode:631502 Roll.No:17SKGU4014 Thiru.SARANRAJ M S/o. Thiru.MUNUSAMY K 5 VOC STREET 10 DR. -
Puzhuthivakkam
ROUTE NO 1 (PUZHUTHIVAKKAM) BUS STOP TIMING PUZHUTHIVAKKAM BUS STAND 7.30 PREM CARE HOSPITAL 7.35 BRINDAVAN NAGAR BUS STOP 7.35 KAKKAN BRIDGE 7.35 NGO COLONY BUS STOP 7.40 ST THOMAS MOUNT RAILWAY STATION 7.45 JEYALAKSHMI THEATER 7.45 SURENDHRA NAGAR 7.50 SBI COLONY 8.00 EZHUR AMMAN KOIL 8.00 MOOVARASANPET 8.05 COLLEGE ROUTE NO 3 (VINAYAGAPURAM - RETTERY) BUS STOP TIMING NADHAMUNI THEATER(VILLIVAKKAM) 6.20 VRJ HOSPITAL 6.20 SENTHIL NAGAR 6.25 VINAYAGAPURAM BUS STOP 6.30 RETTERY SIGNAL 6.35 KOLATHUR MOOGAMBIGAI SHOP 6.35 WELDING SHOP BUS STOP 6.35 DON BOSCO SCHOOL 6.40 PERAVALLUR BUS STOP 6.40 GANAPATHY STORES (PERAVALLUR JUNCTION ) 6.40 AGARAM GANDHI STATUE 6.45 VENUS GANDHI STATUE 6.45 PERAMBUR BRIDGE PETROL BUNK 6.50 OTTERI BRIDGE BUS STOP (ESI CUT) 6.55 AYANAVARAM SIGNAL 7.00 AYANAVARAM ESI HOSPITAL 7.00 PURASAIWAKKAM WATER TANK(ICICI BANK)NEAR 7.05 PACHIYYAPAS COLLEGE 7.10 METHA NAGAR 7.10 CHOLAI MEDU BUS STOP 7.15 LOYOLA COLLEGE 7.15 LIBERTY NEAR STATE BANK 7.25 DURAISAMY SUBWAY JUNCTION 7.30 AYODHYAMANDAPAM BUS STOP 7.30 POSTAL COLONY - WEST MAMBALAM 7.30 SRINIVASA THEATRE BUS STOP 7.35 ARANGANATHAR SUBWAY BUS STOP 7.35 KAVERY NAGAR BUS STOP BUS STOP 7.35 C.I.T NAGAR 7.40 SAIDAPET 7.45 SAIDAPET ARCH BUS STOP 7.45 CHINNAMALAI COURT 7.45 VELACHERY 200 FEET ROAD (ERIKARAI) 7.50 VELACHERY 200 FEET ROAD WATER TANK 7.50 COLLEGE ROUTE NO 4 (THIRUVOTRIYUR) BUS STOP TIMING THIRUVOTRIYUR BUS STOP (AJAX) 6.30 THERADI BUS STOP 6.30 ELLAI AMMAN KOIL (JUNCTION) 6.30 RAJA SHOP BUS STOP 6.35 THANGAL BUS STOP 6.40 CROSS ROAD BUS STOP THONDAIRPET 6.40 -
99 Bus Time Schedule & Line Route
99 bus time schedule & line map 99 Tambaram West - Adyar View In Website Mode The 99 bus line (Tambaram West - Adyar) has 5 routes. For regular weekdays, their operation hours are: (1) Adayar Depot: 7:00 PM - 10:44 PM (2) Adyar: 24 hours (3) Chrompet (Depot): 5:46 AM - 10:25 PM (4) Shozhinganallur: 3:31 PM - 5:17 PM (5) Tambaram West: 2:01 AM - 11:31 PM Use the Moovit App to ƒnd the closest 99 bus station near you and ƒnd out when is the next 99 bus arriving. Direction: Adayar Depot 99 bus Time Schedule 4 stops Adayar Depot Route Timetable: VIEW LINE SCHEDULE Sunday 7:00 PM - 10:44 PM Monday 7:00 PM - 10:44 PM Adyar Old Depot Tuesday 7:00 PM - 10:44 PM Adayar O.T. Wednesday 7:00 PM - 10:44 PM Adyar Telephone Exchange Thursday 7:00 PM - 10:44 PM Adyar Bus Terminus Friday 7:00 PM - 10:44 PM Saturday 7:00 PM - 10:44 PM 99 bus Info Direction: Adayar Depot Stops: 4 Trip Duration: 3 min Line Summary: Adyar Old Depot, Adayar O.T., Adyar Telephone Exchange, Adyar Bus Terminus Direction: Adyar 99 bus Time Schedule 46 stops Adyar Route Timetable: VIEW LINE SCHEDULE Sunday 24 hours Monday 24 hours Tambaram West Tuesday 24 hours Tambaram East Wednesday 24 hours Poondi Bazaar Thursday 24 hours 140 Velachery - Tambaram Main Road, Chennai Friday 24 hours Convent Saturday 24 hours Aathi Nagar Selaiyur Camp Road 99 bus Info Direction: Adyar Mahalakshmi Nagar Stops: 46 Trip Duration: 72 min Line Summary: Tambaram West, Tambaram East, Rajakilpakkam Poondi Bazaar, Convent, Aathi Nagar, Selaiyur, Camp Road, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Rajakilpakkam, Kamarajapuram Kamarajapuram, Sembakkam, Prince College, S.I.V.E.T., Santhosh Puram, Vengaivasal Road Sembakkam Junction, Medavakkam Koot Road Bus Terminus, Medavakkam Koot Road, Medavakkam Junction, Prince College Puthu Nagar, Perumbakkam, Junction Of Perumbakkam & Nookam Village, Global Hospital, S.I.V.E.T. -
Harrington Road, Chennai - 2017 Chennai - Streets for People
Photo: Harrington Road, Chennai - 2017 Chennai - Streets for People Photo: Chennai’s Pedestrian Plaza in Pondy Bazaar, 2019 Experiential walk with key stakeholders Old Mahabalipuram Road, Chennai Government officials were taken on a ‘walk’ to sensitise them on the woes of pedestrians and the need for better streets Drawing Inspiration - Study Tours Land Transport Authority (LTA), Singapore Officials from Greater Chennai Corporation (GCC) on a study tour to learn about Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) best-practices Drawing Inspiration - Study Tours Residency road, Bangalore Officials from GCC on a study tour to learn about best-practices in street design Building capacity - Hands-on workshops Greater Chennai Corporation Engineers from GCC undergoing hands-on training to understand the principles of street design. Building capacity - Hands-on workshops Greater Chennai Corporation Engineers from GCC undergoing hands-on training to understand the principles of street design. First set of streets redeveloped Before After Second Avenue, Besant Nagar (2013) Second Avenue, Besant Nagar (2014) Wide streets, with edges encroached by parking, forced the pedestrians Space reclaimed by streamlining parking, to create wide and to walk along the carriageway in friction with fast moving traffic continuous footpath for safe pedestrian movement. First set of streets redeveloped Before After Police Commissioner Office Road, Egmore (2013) Police Commissioner Office Road, Egmore (2014) Narrow footpath with utility box and trees obstructing movement, The footpath -
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT of SHOLINGANALLUR LAKE 1L . Maria Subashini 2P.Dayakar 1,2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil E
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 116 No. 13 2017, 459-464 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SHOLINGANALLUR LAKE 1L . Maria subashini 2P.Dayakar 1,2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai. [email protected] Abstract: A lake is a large body of water surrounded by A lake may be defined as an enclosed body of water land, inhabited by various aquatic life forms, for all (usually freshwater) totally surrounded by land and with practical purpose, pure water is considered to that which no direct access to the sea. A lake may also be isolated, has low dissolved or suspended solids and obnoxious with no observable direct water input and, on occasions, gases as well low in biological life. Such high quality of no direct output. In many circumstances these isolated water may be required only for drinking purposes while lakes are saline due to evaporation or groundwater inputs. for other uses like agriculture and industry, the quality of Depending on its origin, a lake may occur anywhere water can be quite flexible and water polluted up to within a river basin. A headwater lake has no single river certain extent in general sense can be regarded as pure. input but is maintained by inflow from many small tributary streams, by direct surface rainfall and by Keywords: lakes, water quality, total dissolved solids, groundwater inflow. Such lakes almost invariably have a turbidity.