BHUTAN National Action Program to Combat Land Degradation

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BHUTAN National Action Program to Combat Land Degradation BHUTAN National Action Program to Combat Land Degradation Final Draft, October 2009 Prepared with support from the United Nations Development Program and the Global Environment Facility 1 Table of Contents Administrative Map of Bhutan .............................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... viii Part A: Introduction and Country Context 1. Overview of the UNCCD .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 The Conception of UNCCD ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Objectives of UNCCD ........................................................................................... 2 2. NAP in the Bhutanese Context ........................................................................................ 2 2.1 The Rationale for NAP ................................................................................................ 2 2.2 The Importance of Combating Land Degradation ................................................................ 3 2.3 The Process of NAP Preparation .................................................................................... 4 3. Country Overview ....................................................................................................... 5 3.1 General Settings ........................................................................................................ 5 3.1.1 Geo-political Situation ...................................................................................... 5 3.1.2 Physiography .................................................................................................. 6 3.1.3 Climate ........................................................................................................ 6 3.1.4 Geology ........................................................................................................ 6 3.1.5 Demography .................................................................................................. 7 3.1.6 Economy ....................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Environmental Settings ................................................................................................ 8 3.2.1 Land Use and Cover ......................................................................................... 8 3.2.2 Water Resources ............................................................................................. 9 3.2.3 Biological Diversity ........................................................................................ 10 Part B: Existing Conditions for Combating Land Degradation in Bhutan 4. Policy and Legal Framework ......................................................................................... 12 4.1 Overall Development Policy Context ............................................................................ 12 4.1.1 Gross National Happiness Philosophy and Bhutan 2020 ............................................ 12 4.1.2 Environmental Conservation as a Constitutional Mandate ......................................... 13 4.2 Existing Policies and Strategies .................................................................................... 13 4.2.1 National Forest Policy ..................................................................................... 13 4.2.2 National Environment Strategy ......................................................................... 14 4.2.3 Bhutan Water Policy ...................................................................................... 14 4.2.4 National Urbanization Strategy .......................................................................... 15 4.2.5 Bhutan Sustainable Hydropower Development Policy .............................................. 15 4.2.6 National Disaster Risk Management Framework .................................................... 15 i 4.2.7 Biodiversity Action Plan for Bhutan .................................................................... 16 4.2.8 National Adaptation Program of Action for Climate Change ...................................... 16 4.3 Existing Legislations and Supporting Regulations .............................................................. 16 4.3.1 Forest and Nature Conservation Act 1995 ............................................................ 16 4.3.2 Mines and Mineral Management Act 1995 ............................................................ 17 4.3.3 Environmental Assessment Act 2000 .................................................................. 17 4.3.4 Road Act of Bhutan 2004 ................................................................................. 19 4.3.5 National Environmental Protection Act 2007 ........................................................ 19 4.3.6 Land Act of Bhutan 2007 ................................................................................. 20 4.3.7 Local Governments Act 2009 ........................................................................... 20 4.3.8 Waste Prevention and Management Act 2009 ....................................................... 21 5. Current Institutional Set-up .......................................................................................... 21 5.1 Central Government Agencies ..................................................................................... 21 5.1.1 Ministry of Agriculture ................................................................................... 21 5.1.2 Ministry of Economic Affairs ............................................................................ 22 5.1.3 Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs ................................................................. 23 5.1.4 Ministry of Works and Human Settlement ............................................................ 23 5.1.5 National Environment Commission .................................................................... 24 5.1.6 National Land Commission .............................................................................. 24 5.1.7 Gross National Happiness Commission ................................................................ 24 5.2 Dzongkhag and Geog Institutions ................................................................................. 25 5.2.1 Dzongkhag Institutions .................................................................................... 25 5.2.2 Geog Institutions ........................................................................................... 25 5.3 Non-Government Organizations/ Autonomous Agencies .................................................... 26 5.3.1 Royal Society for the Protection of Nature ........................................................... 26 5.3.2 Târâyana Foundation ...................................................................................... 26 5.3.3 Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation ................................................ 26 5.4 Corporations .......................................................................................................... 26 5.4.1 Druk Holding and Investments .......................................................................... 26 5.4.2 City Corporations .......................................................................................... 27 5.5 Institutes/ Colleges .................................................................................................. 27 5.5.1 College of Natural Resources ............................................................................ 27 5.5.2 Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environment ................................. 27 5.5.3 Royal Development Training Center .................................................................. 28 5.5.4 Jigme Namgyel Polytechnic .............................................................................. 28 5.5.5 College of Science and Technology ..................................................................... 28 5.6 External Development Partners ................................................................................... 28 5.6.1 Asian Development Bank ................................................................................. 28 5.6.2 Austrian Government ..................................................................................... 28 5.6.3 Danish International Development Agency ........................................................... 28 5.6.4 European Community .................................................................................... 29 ii 5.6.5 Global Environment Facility ............................................................................. 29 5.6.6 Government of India ...................................................................................... 29 5.6.7 Helvetas ...................................................................................................... 29 5.6.8 International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development ...................................... 29 5.6.9 Japan International Cooperation Agency .............................................................. 30 5.6.10 Netherlands Development Organization ............................................................. 30 5.6.11 United Nations Agencies ................................................................................ 30 5.6.12
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