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Insight Sekems Journal Für Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Kultur Und Ökologie in Ägypten

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Insight Sekems Journal Für Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Kultur Und Ökologie in Ägypten Nr. 115 - April 2012 Insight SEKEMs Journal für Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Kultur und Ökologie in Ägypten Demeter-Landbau Musikunterricht SEKEM-Tag Klimaschutz durch Flöten für SEKEM’s Einladung zum Editorial Landwirtschaft Schulkinder diesjährigen Tag Liebe Leserinnen, Tragen biodynamisch bearbeitete liebe Leser, Böden zum Klimaschutz bei? dass die biologisch-dynamische In den Böden der Erde ist dreimal soviel Kohlenstoff gespeichert wie Anbaupraxis wie keine andere in der gesamten Vegetation. Kann die biodynamische Landwirtschaft dabei helfen kann, trockene, also einen wirksamen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leisten? nährstoffarme Böden frucht- bar zu machen und gleichzeitig das Klima zu schützen, wurde an dieser Stelle oft dargestellt. SEKEMs Kenntnisse entstammen zumeist eigenem „Know-How“, also praktischer Erfahrung. In dieser Ausgabe erklärt die Wis- senschaftlerin Meike Oltmanns im Rahmen eines wissenschaftlich orientierten Beitrags, zu welchen Ergebnissen ihre eigene For- schung und die des Forschungs- rings für biologisch-dynamische Wirtschaftsweise e.V. gekommen sind. Seit Jahren werden hier Lang- zeitversuche durchgeführt, um die Wirkungen von demeter-Landwirt- schaft vor allem auf Böden und Pflanzen messbar zu machen. SEKEMs Arbeit für den Bodenaufbau erlaubt bereits nach kurzer Zeit die dauerhafte Begrünung der Wüste. Wenige Wochen vor dem Klimagip- fel Rio+20 in Rio de Janeiro ist es umso wichtiger, immer wieder auf s ist bekannt, dass klimaschädli­ Kohlenstoff in den Boden wird als Koh­ die Bedeutung eines Gesinnungs- E che Gase, vor allem Kohlendioxid, len stoff-­Seques trierung bezeichnet. wandels in der globalen Landwirt- Methan und Lachgas, durch landwirt­ schaft hinzuweisen. Haben Sie schaftliche Nutzung von Böden aus Insbesondere in der biologisch­ selbst Studien zum Thema durch- dy na mi schen und in der ökologi­ geführt oder möchten Sie Ihre diesen in die Atmosphäre entwei­ schen Landwirtschaft gilt Humus als Erfahrungen mit SEKEM teilen, chen. Aber Kohlenstoff kann auch in essen tieller Bestandteil fruchtba­ freuen wir uns auf Ihre Zuschrift. die tote organische Bodensubstanz, rer Böden. Humus in Ackerböden ent­ den Humus, die selbst zu 58% aus Ihr Redaktionsteam steht durch den mikrobiellen Abbau Kohlenstoff besteht, eingebaut wer­ von Ernte­ und Pflanzenrückständen, den. So kann der Kohlendioxidgehalt organischen Düngern und abgestor­ SEKEM finden sie im Internet auch auf: der Luft reduziert und der Klimawandel benen Bodenlebewesen. Die Höhe verlangsamt werden. Der Einbau von und die Zusammensetzung des SEKEM Insight | April 2012 | Seite 1 Wirtschaft Veränderung der Corg-Gehalte im DOK-Versuch Zum gleichen Ergebnis kam unser ortangepasste Fruchtfolge und % Abweichung vom Corg-Gehalt zu Versuchsbeginn Forscherteam in einem Lang zeit­ schonender Bodenbearbeitung mit -30.0 -20.0 -10.0 0.0 10.0 versuch des For schungsrings. Seit kom pos tiertem Mist wird darauf hin­ 1980 werden hier Stallmistvarianten gewirkt, dass Nährstoffe im Betrieb a D mit und ohne Anwendung bio­ verbleiben. Durch Leguminosenanbau b O logisch­dynamischer Präparate wird wie auch im organischen Landbau und Mineraldüngung miteinander Luftstickstoff gebunden und dient als ab K + Mist verglichen. Dünger. Dadurch sparen biodyna­ bc K + Min mische Betriebe pro Hektar 50­300 Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass die Kilogramm synthetischen Stick stoff­ c N Humus gehalte im Oberboden heute dünger ein. Durch den Verzicht auf mit Rottemist und biologisch­dyna­ diesen Dünger könnten die landwirt­ mischen Präparaten am höchsten schaftlich emittierten Treibhausgase Abb 1: Veränderung (%) des Boden-C-Gehalts sind (siehe Abbildung unten links, um ganze 20 % vermindert werden. (Corg) in verschiedenen Anbausystemen in 1978- Variante RMBD). Bei Rottemist ohne 98 relativ zum Versuchsbeginn; D = Biodyn, O = Organisch; K + Mist = konv. + Mist; K + Präparate (Variante RM) und noch Weniger Bodenerosion durch MIN = konv. + Mineraldünger; N = ungedüngt; stärker bei Mineraldüngung („Min“) Werte mit unterschiedlichen Buchstaben dynamische Feldgestaltung unterscheiden sich signifikant (p 0,05) sind die Humusgehalte dagegen gesunken. Keine der Düngungsarten Auch die Bodenerosion gehört zu hat eine Anhebung der Humusmenge den wichtigen CO ­Verursachern. Humusgehaltes hängen sehr stark von erreicht, aber die Rottemistdüngung 2 Eine aktuelle Studie schätzt, dass den Standortbedingungen und von mit Präparaten konnte die Werte die Bodenabträge im Mittel landwirt­ den Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen immerhin auf gleichem Niveau hal­ schaftlicher Flächen weltweit über 6t/ ab. Zu den wichtigsten Faktoren zäh­ ten und somit einen Humusabbau ha und Jahr betragen. Setzt man opti­ len Bodenart und Klima sowie Art verhindern. mistische Neubildungsraten von 0,5­ der Düngung und Bodenbearbeitung 2t/ha pro Jahr an, ist das keinesfalls sowie die Fruchtfolge. Integrativer Agrarbetrieb spart CO 2 nachhaltig. Der Boden wird so zu einer Würden wir die Variante mit Mine­ endlichen Ressource wie das Erdöl. Positive Wirkungen auf das Klima ral düngung in unserem Versuch statt Böden, die biologisch­dynamisch dessen mit Rottemist und den biolo­ bewirtschaftet werden, haben eine gisch­dynamischen Präparaten dün­ Im wissenschaftlichen Vergleich bessere Aggregatstabilität und zei­ gen, könnten wir über 20 Jahre hinweg konventioneller Landwirtschaft mit gen eine bessere Durchlüftung, Durch­ rund 0,35t Kohlenstoff pro Hektar und Mineraldüngung, organisch biologi­ wurzelbarkeit und Wasserleitfähigkeit. Jahr im Boden speichern. Jedoch ist die scher und biologisch­dynamischer Dadurch verdichten und verschläm­ Humusanreichung zeitlich begrenzt Landwirtschaft zeigte sich in einem men sie weniger und werden weni­ denn die Böden erreichen irgendwann Versuch, dass die biologisch­dyna­ ger erodiert. Durch die Untersaat eine Sättigung und können weite­ mische Landwirtschaft den günstigs­ von Grün düngungspflanzen, die den ren Kohlenstoff nicht mehr speichern. ten Einfluss auf den Humusgehalt hat Boden nach der Ernte bedeckt hal­ Laut einer Studie entspricht die mög­ (siehe Abbildung oben). Es wurde zwar ten, werden Erosion und Nähr stoff­ liche Einlagerung von Kohlenstoff in nur 1 % mehr Kohlenstoff im Boden austrag weiter gemindert. Zusätzlich den landwirtschaftlichen Böden der gespeichert, aber in den anderen gestalten viele Landwirte Feld ränder EU durch humusmehrende Bewirt­ Varianten wurde der Kohlenstoff an mit Hecken oder Knicks, wodurch der schaftung lediglich 2% der jährlich die Atmosphäre abgegeben. Ober flächen abfluss und Winderosion vom Menschen verursachten CO ­ 2 minimiert werden. Emission. Obwohl die biologisch­dyna­ 1.2 1980 1998 1998 1 1998 mische Landwirtschaft also hilfreich Die biodynamische Wirt schafts ­ 0.8 org 0.6 ist, kann dem Klimawandel durch die weise gilt also als Landwirtschaft % C 0.4 Einsparung von Emissionen am Besten der Zukunft: nachhaltig und im 0.2 entgegengewirkt werden. 0 Einklang mit der Natur. Aber auch hier gibt es noch Potential, um Ausgangs- RMBD RM MIN Ein biodynamischer Betrieb wirkt situation Treibhausgasemissionen weiter zu jedoch bereits durch seine integra­ reduzieren. tive Struktur klimaschützend. Denn Abb 2: Boden-C-Gehalte (Corg) (% TM) im Oberboden nach 18 Jahren Rottemistdüngung Aufgrund von seinen weitgehend Meike Oltmanns ohne (RM) und mit Präparaten (RMBD) geschlossenen Betriebskreisläufen sowie bei Mineraldüngung (MIN) Meike Oltmanns forscht zum Thema mit Gleichgewicht von Pflanzenanbau Demeter­Landwirtschaft. und Tierhaltung, durch eine stand­ http://www.forschungsring.de SEKEM Insight | April 2012 | Seite 2 Wir sind auf einer Mission: Zur Bildung der Erde sind wir berufen. NOVALIS SEKEM-Freunde Deutschland Verein zur Förderung kultureller Entwicklung Ist es nicht eine der vornehmsten Aufgaben, im in Ägypten e.V. Sinne von Novalis, für die Bildung der Erde zu sorgen? Ist es nicht Auftrag und Ermutigung zur Menschenbildung gleichermaßen? Die Bildung des Menschen und der Erde, das sind zwei Aufgabenfelder, die richtig verstanden, Unmög- liches möglich machen. Wir werden die globale ökologische und soziale Krise nur durch die Erweiterung unseres Be- wusstseins überwinden. Neues Denken und Handeln, Kreativität und Kooperationsfähigkeit Tag 2012 sind der Schlüssel zur Umkehr. An vielen Orten der Welt werden bereits neue Wege gegangen, es entstehen Bildungsstätten als Keimzellen einer neuen Zukunftsgestalt. Die SEKEM – Gemeinschaft ist ein erfolgreiches, nachhaltiges Entwicklungsmodell, das Mut auf Samstag, 5. Mai 2012 Zukunft macht: aus leblosem Wüstenboden um 11.00 Uhr im Schillersaal entstand ein blühendes Paradies. der Liederhalle Stuttgart „Wir können unser Schicksal selbst in die Hand nehmen. SEKEM will der Welt dafür ein funktionierendes Modell sein.“ DR. IBRAHIM ABOULEISH, GRÜNDER DER SEKEM - INITIATIVE Weitere Informationen: Telefon +49 (0) 711 / 79 19 95 Wir danken der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart SEKEM Insight | April 2012 | Seite 3 www.sekem.com www.sekem-freunde.de für ihre Förderung des SEKEM – Tages 2012 Kultur Loch für Loch Die Bambusflöten für die Schulkinder der SEKEM-Schule werden mit dankbarer Unterstützung des holländischen SEKEM-Fördervereins hergestellt. Evelyne Schindler, die SEKEM praktisch unterstützt, berichtet von der Zusammenarbeit. s war wieder einmal meine Neugier, sind an diesen Arbeiten beteiligt und E die mich antrieb zu erfahren, sind so nach und nach Spezialisten warum und weshalb in der SEKEM­ im Bauen und Reparieren von Schule Bambusflöten gespielt wer­ Bambusflöten geworden. den. So lud ich Karin Posthumus, Die Flöten sind eine
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