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The Gun” by J.C. Chivers a Thorough Study of the Most Famous Assault Rifle, Kalashnikov Ak 472

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The Gun” by J.C. Chivers a Thorough Study of the Most Famous Assault Rifle, Kalashnikov Ak 472 Interdisiplinary Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 4, no. 3, 2017 91 Gjergj THANASI1 THE GUN” BY J.C. CHIVERS A THOROUGH STUDY OF THE MOST FAMOUS ASSAULT RIFLE, KALASHNIKOV AK 472 Abstract Albanian literature awfully lacks translations of popular scientific works from English military literature. A few translations in the early nineties of XX century and almost nothing else. “The Gun” is a thorough study of the history of the creation of assault rifle AK by Michael Kalashnikov. The book is also a detailed description of the proliferation of AK till it became the most famous and the most produced assault rifle with some 100 million rifles (originals, derivatives, knock offs, licensed copies, copy cats etc.). The book offers rich information on the countries, armies, police forces and militias armed with Kalashnikovs from the very beginning to nowadays. J. C. Chivers making use of access to recently opened archives of communist countries, Albania included unfolds to the reader new and fascinating info on AK 47 and its derivatives. “The Gun” is the first book to display detailed info on Albanian Kalashnikovs, imported from Soviet Union, communist China or locally produced by “Kombinati Mekanik Polican”, known as ASH 78 Tip 1 a clone of the Chinese Kalashnikov known as model 56, ASH 82 a copy of Soviet AKMS an improved version of the initial AK 47. The book describes also other Albanian derivatives of AK 47 such as its derivatives ASH 78 tip 2 which is a close copy of Soviet light machine gun RPK, ASH 78 tip 3, which is a hybrid rifle for multi-purpose roles mainly Marksman rifle with secondary assault rifle and grenade launcher capability) and also a subcompact version, a copy of the Soviet AK 47 pistol. What this book offers on Albanian Kalashnikov is new to most Albanian readers but a few top rank officers of the defunct Albanian People’s Army. Key words: Kalashnikov, Albania, proliferation, army, ammunition 1 Lecturer at UAMD; [email protected] 2 Paper presneted in “3 International Conference ‘Foreign Languages in a Global World, Linguistics, Literature, Didactics” Durres, June 2017” 92 Interdisiplinary Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 4, no. 3, 2017 “The Gun that Changed the Battlefield” by C.J. Chivers Kalashnikov literature in the framework of English Popular Military Literature One of the most prolific genres of the literature in the English language is popular military literature. Unfortunately even after the collapse of communism in Albania there is almost no translation fin Albanian language from such a genre of literature, but for a book published by our MOD in the early nineties of the last century on the Operation “Desert Storm” and the American four star general Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. A special sub family in the popular military literature covers weapons, their make, their usage, their tactical data and alike. “The Gun that Changed the Battlefield”, widely known as simply “The Gun” by the renown American journalist and veteran military columnist of NYT (At War Blog) C.J. Chivers is an astounding example of such type of popular literature. “The Gun” is the story of the most prolific and maybe the best known firearmAK 47 the Kalashnikov. AK 47 Kalashnikov in the popular military literature and “The Gun” By C. J. Chivers A 70 years old notorious assault rifle as AK 47 the Kalashnikov would certainly attract many a writer to write down its story, its tactical data, production figures, its tactical employment on the battlefield and alike. Chiver’s book is not the first and one can bet on it will not be the last one to focus on the old venerable assault rifle designed by Michael Kalashnikov some 70 years ago. We can mention here several predecessors of Chiver’s book such as “AK 47” by Michael Hodges, “The AK 47 the Assault Rifles Series” by Gordon L. Rottman, or even “ The AK 47 and AK 74 Kalashnikov Rifles” by Joy Poyer. There are at least 38 books of popular military literature in English wholly dedicated to the assault rifle called AK 47 Kalashnikov. Some of them have translations in severalEuropean languages Russian included. A couple of them have been translated in other than European languages as well. We can mention here “AK 47 Assault riffle : The Real Weapon of Mass Destruction” by Nigel Bennett translated in Swahili, or “AK 47, The Weapon which Changed the Face of War” by Larry Kahaner translated even in the exotic Yiddish, but not in Hebrew the official language of the State of Israel. We have also a translation in Urdu (the language spoken in Pakistan) of the Michael Hodges book “AK 47: The Story of the People’s Gun” Interdisiplinary Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 4, no. 3, 2017 93 “The Gun” facts, figures, myths. Yet Chivers’ book, “The Gun” is to the reader somehow like a new glance thrown to an old master’s painting. It is understandable that a comprehensive work on the good old Kalashnikov will include a lot of staff, story, knowledge, figures and facts already dealt with, told and retold by previous authors, still “The Gun” has an attraction and fashionable kernel of its own. We thought it appropriate to inform the audience, the readers first of some facts and figures on the veteran assault rifle and its “off springs” of the old and the new century and then the peculiarities, the special treatment, the new stuff generously supplied by Chivers in his “The Gun”, as a new entry in the literature of the “science” of Kalashnikovology. Kalashnikov is the most produced assault rifle in the world. Up to 2015 the factories in USSR (present day Russian Federation and other ex Soviet Union republics), in their satellite states of Eastern Europe produced 75 million Kalashnikovs. This number includes also copies made under license from PR of China to Iran, from Venezuela to Sudan, several clones and unauthorized copies or even copies of the copies of the Soviet Union Kalashnikov assault rifle. A case at issue is the ASH 82 the Albanian Kalashnikov, which is a very close copy of the Chinese Model 56 assault rifle, which on its turn is almost an exact copy of a refined successor of AK 47, the Soviet made AKM (Modernizirovanniy Avtomat Kalashnikova). If we add to this number also some 25 million of AK variants of assault rifle, submachine guns, sniper rifles, LGM-s (light machine guns) we come to the threshold of 100 million pieces. The second most produced assault rifle is the American M 16 (M 4 carbine) which in all its variants is produced to a mere 8 million copies! Less than one tenth of the quantity of the AK and its “heirs” production worldwide. The British Lee Enfield bolt action rifle which soldiered on during two world war was produced in only 15 million pieces. Nowadays Kalashnikov is part of the armament of the armed forces or the police force of 54 countries and countless of militias, armed bands, guerrilla forces etc. Kalashnikov is featured in the national flag of Mozambique as well as in the flags of the paramilitary organization of Hizbullah in Lebanon. The first foreign powers to copy Kalashnikov was Finland and the factory “Cervena Zastava” of Yugoslavia of Marshal Tito. The last to produce artisanal (handmade) copies of Kalashnikov are the blacksmiths of Panjshir Valley in the tribal area of Pakistan on the border with Afghanistan” The last national armed forces to mothball and send to the reserve the old Kalashnikov is our country Albania, trying to replace it with Italian made rather vintage Beretta AR 70/90 and the modern Beretta ARX 160 as well as the American M4 carbines, a derivative of 94 Interdisiplinary Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 4, no. 3, 2017 M 16 assault rifle. This fact was made available to the English language public for the first time by C.J. Chivers in his book “The Gun”. Anyway this is not the only first, fact, figure, discovery in Chivers’ book. Kalashnikov even the old version of AKM (first produced in 1950 in Soviet Union) was, is and certainly will be in the foreseeable future a preferred weapon for armies and police forces of countries who could not afford shiny, new and expensive “toys”. Kalashnikov is not only the longest produced assault rifle (from 1947 to 2017), but also the longest produced breech loaded rifle in general. The venerable British Lee Enfield bolt action rifle including its modernized variants was produced from (1895 to 1957) only 63 years compared to Kalashnikov production life of 70 years plus I believe many other years to come. Kalashnikov is the weapon of choice for national armies and police forces, for guerrilla armies and militias as well as for bank robbers, drugs plantation watchmen, terrorists including Bin Laden and his iconic photo with a subcompact AK 74 right after 9/11 terrorist attack, prison guards in countries suffering from security problems etc. It has been used in high profile assassinations and assassination attempts from the assassination of Anwar Sadat the President of Egypt to the assassination of Gaddafi of Libya.Kalashnikov has been instrumental to bring down tyrants and dictatorships in its 70 years long life, as well as it has been used by such tyrants to mow down crowds of their own people when they used to rise against their oppressors. Kalashnikov was partially responsible for several genocides or genocidal acts after Second World War such as that in Ruanda, the genocidal act of the Massacre of Srebrenica in Bosnia or the lesser known Massacre of Mehja or that of Krusha e Vogel in Kosova.
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