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THISTHIS IISS NNOO WAY TTOO LIVE PUBLICPUBLIC SSECURITYECURITY AND RIGHTRIGHT AMNESTYAMNESTY INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZVENEZUELAUELA Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations.
© Amnesty International 2018 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence First published in 2018 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK
Cover photo: © 2018 © Amnesty International | Carlos Ramírez
Index: AMR 53/8975/2018 Original language: Spanish amnesty.org Proyect Reengineering of Citizen Security
© Amnesty International 2018 | Carlos Ramírez CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 METHODOLOGY 8 VENEZUELA'S HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS 9
1. ALWAYS THE WRONG TIME, WRONG PLACE: EVER-PRESENT VIOLENCE 11 1.1. RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMMON CRIMES 11 1.2. HOMICIDE RATES: THEN AND NOW 12 1.3. ARMED VIOLENCE 13 1.4. URBAN VIOLENCE 15 1.5. THE VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE: YOUNG MEN LIVING IN POVERTY 16 1.6. NO ONE IS SAFE FROM THE VIOLENCE 17 1.7. IMPUNITY FOR COMMON CRIMES 18 1.8. OFFICIALLY NON-EXISTENT: THE LACK OF OFFICIAL FIGURES 18
2. FIGHTING VIOLENCE WITH MORE VIOLENCE 21 2.1. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC SECURITY (2000-2017) 21 2.2. GUN CONTROL 24 2.3. OLD HABITS HINDER POLICE REFORMS 26 2.4. A MILITARY APPROACH TO PUBLIC ORDER POLICING 33 2.5. ABUSIVE AND EXCESSIVE USE OF FORCE: USING EXTRAJUDICIAL EXECUTIONS AS A RESPONSE TO VIOLENCE 35 2.6. WAITING FOR JUSTICE: THE STRUGGLE AGAINST IMPUNITY AND FOR REPARATION 44
3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 53 4
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
(Centros Comunitarios de Aprendizaje por los Derechos de la Niñez y Adolescencia) %'%1 Community Learning Centres for Child and Adolescent Rights
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(Comisión Presidencial para el Control de Armas, Municiones y Desarme) Presidential %1&'5#4/' Commission for the Control of Weapons, Ammunition and Disarmament
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&+$+5' (Dispositivo Bicentenario de Seguridad) Bicentenary Security Plan
GNB (Guardia Nacional Bolivariana) Bolivarian National Guard
MPPS (Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud) Ministry of People's Power for Health
OLP (Operación Liberación y Protección del Pueblo) Operation Liberation and Protection of the People
WHO World Health Organization
PNB (Policía Nacional Bolivariana) Bolivarian National Police
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5'$+0 (Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia Nacional) Bolivarian National Intelligence Service
THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA
© Amnesty International 2018 | Román Camacho 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 8
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THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 9
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1. ALWAYS THE WRONG TIME, WRONG PLACE: EVER-PRESENT VIOLENCE
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The second obligation of the States Parties is to "ensure" the free and full exercise of the rights recognized by the Convention to every person subject to its jurisdiction. This obligation implies the duty of the States Parties to organize the governmental apparatus and, in general, all the structures through which public power is exercised, so that they are capable of juridically ensuring the free and full enjoyment of human rights.28
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THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 12
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THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 13
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THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT14 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 15
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ones they [the security forces] attack CTGRQQTRGQRNGQTFKPCT[RGQRNG=1HƂEKCNU?FQP VCVVCEMGCEJQVJGT;QWFQPQVUGGVJG1.261 going into their “ houses and killing their children. It's us, we're the fools on the receiving end of it all. ” ,'00+('441670&1 /16*'41(.7+50)'.1/#46©0'<9*1&+'B*'*#0&51(#..')'&21.+%'1((+%'4563 Living in a working class neighbourhood and being a young man are the top criteria for you to “ be killed. That means you can't be young anymore, because who are they targeting? The young ” 1.6. 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He would have turned 19 on 3 November, the day after his death. 6GTOEQOOQPN[WUGFKP8GPG\WGNCVQFGUETKDGETKOKPCNU THISTHITHT6*+5+5019#;61.+8'H S ISISSN NONO WWAYAYAY TOT LIVELLIVIVE PUBLICPUBLPUBUBB ICCCS SSECURITYEECURCUC ITYTYY ANDANNDN RIGRIGHRRIGHTGHT AMNESTYAMNEAMAMNMNMNEMNEESTYSTY INTEINTININTERNATIONALNTEN RNATRNRNAATIONAONAONAL TOO L LIFEIFEFEF ININNV VVENEZUELAENEZENEZNE UELAUEELA 29 #EEQTFKPIVQVJG#VVQTPG[)GPGTCN U1HƂEGDGVYGGPCPF,WPGVJGTGYGTGCNNGIGFGZVTCLWFKEKCN GZGEWVKQPU 111 KP VJGTG YGTG CNNGIGF GZVTCLWFKEKCN GZGEWVKQPU TGRTGUGPVKPI QH VJG VQVCN JQOKEKFGUVJCV[GCT 112KPKVYCUTGRQTVGFVJCVRGQRNGJCFFKGFCVVJGJCPFUQHVJGUGEWTKV[HQTEGU YJKEJEQTTGURQPFUVQQHCNNJQOKEKFGU 113CPFDGVYGGP,CPWCT[CPF,WPGKVYCUTGXGCNGFVJCV RGQRNGJCFDGGPMKNNGFD[VJGUGEWTKV[HQTEGU %.#7&+#8+..#4'#. /16*'41(.7+5.'#.8+..#4'#.4'2146'&.;-+..'&$;#21.+%'1((+%'4115 We realized these are not isolated incidents, but rather they seem to from part of police RTCEVKEG;GUCOCVVGTQHRQNKE[CPFVJG[YGTGIKXGPVJGUGYGCRQPUKPQTFGTVQMKNN “ They were supposed to be a deterrent to help the community, supposedly, but now what they're doing is executing our children. ” +VKUKORQTVCPVVQPQVGVJCVCNVJQWIJVJGUGCTGQHƂEKCNƂIWTGUVJG[CTGDCUGFQPCPCPCN[UKUQHVJGEQORNCKPVU CPFECUGUMPQYPVQVJG2WDNKE2TQUGEWVQT U1HƂEG6JG[UJQWNFVJGTGHQTGDGEQPUKFGTGFCUVJGOKPKOWO PWODGTQHECUGUCUKVKUNKMGN[VJCVMKNNKPIUD[UVCVGQHƂEKCNUKP8GPG\WGNCCTGUKIPKƂECPVN[WPFGTTGRQTVGF 6JGUGƂIWTGUUWIIGUVVJCVVJGTGHQTOUCPFRNCPUYJKEJKPVJGQT[KPENWFGFCEQPUKFGTCDNGKORTQXGOGPVKP RQNKEKPIKP8GPG\WGNCsD[TGKPHQTEKPIVJGEKXKNCPFFGVGTTGPVTQNGQHVJGRQNKEGsJCXGPQVKPRTCEVKEGDGGP GHHGEVKXG#UCTGUWNVJWOCPTKIJVUXKQNCVKQPUD[NCYGPHQTEGOGPVQHƂEKCNUEQPVKPWGCPFJCXGKPFGGFKPETGCUGF +VKU#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCN UXKGYVJCVRQNKEGTGHQTOUUJQWNFKPENWFG 9TKVVGPCPFENGCTKPUVTWEVKQPUVJCVTGIWNCVGVJGWUGQHHQTEGCPFƂTGCTOUCPFVJCVHWNN[TGURGEVVJGPQTOU CPFUVCPFCTFUQHKPVGTPCVKQPCNJWOCPTKIJVUNCY #DQNKVKQPQHVJGEQPEGRVQHTGUKUVKPICWVJQTKV[VJCVUGGUNQUUQHNKHGCUCUVCPFCTFTGUWNVQHNCYGPHQTEGOGPV QRGTCVKQPU 'HHGEVKXGCPFUVTKEVCEEQWPVCDKNKV[KPGCEJECUGYJGTGNQUUQHCNKHGQEEWTUKPNCYGPHQTEGOGPVQRGTCVKQPU 'HHGEVKXG TGIKUVTCVKQP FQEWOGPVCVKQP KPXGUVKICVKQP QXGTUKIJV CPF UWRGTXKUKQP OGEJCPKUOU VQ KFGPVKH[ KTTGIWNCTKVKGUCPFFGXKCVKQPUCPFIWCTCPVGGGCTN[KPVGTXGPVKQPYJGTGEQPVTCXGPVKQPUQTETKOGUD[QHƂEKCNU CTGKFGPVKƂGF 111+PRQUVFWTKPIVJGRGTKQFDGVYGGPCPFDWVFKUOKUUGFKPHQNNQYKPICFGEKUKQPD[VJG0CVKQPCN%QPUVKVWGPV#UUGODN[ $$%9QTNFp.C#UCODNGC%QPUVKVW[GPVGFG8GPG\WGNCFGUVKVW[GCNCƂUECNIGPGTCN.WKUC1TVGICq=6JG%QPUVKVWGPV#UUGODN[QH8GPG\WGNCFKUOKUUGU #VVQTPG[)GPGTCN.WKUC1TVGIC?#WIWUVCXCKNCDNGCVYYYDDEEQOOWPFQPQVKEKCUCOGTKECNCVKPC 5RCPKUJQPN[ 1121HƂEGQHVJG70*KIJ%QOOKUUKQPGTHQT*WOCP4KIJVU 1*%*4 8KQNCVKQPUQHJWOCPTKIJVUKPVJG$QNKXCTKCP4GRWDNKEQH8GPG\WGNC CFQYPYCTF URKTCNYKVJPQGPFKPUKIJV,WPGRCXCKNCDNGCVYYYQJEJTQTI&QEWOGPVU%QWPVTKGU8'8GPG\WGNC4GRQTVA'0RFH 113'N2CÉUp.CGZƂUECNFG8GPG\WGNCCEWUCGP.C*C[CCNTÅIKOGPFG/CFWTQFGEQOGVGTO½UFGCUGUKPCVQUq=6JGHQTOGT8GPG\WGNCPRTQUGEW VQTCEEWUGUVJG/CFWTQTGIKOGKP6JG*CIWGQHOQTGVJCPMKNNKPIU?0QXGODGTCXCKNCDNGCV GNRCKUEQOKPVGTPCEKQPCN COGTKECAJVON .WKUC1TVGIC&ÉC\2TGUGPVCEKÏPFG/GOQTKC[%WGPVCEQORNGVCCXCKNCDNGCVYYY[QWVWDGEQO YCVEJ!X &$DN1RU:9); 5RCPKUJQPN[ 1HƂEGQHVJG70*KIJ%QOOKUUKQPGTHQT*WOCP4KIJVU 1*%*4 8KQNCVKQPUQHJWOCPTKIJVUKPVJG$QNKXCTKCP4GRWDNKEQH8GPG\WGNC CFQYPYCTF URKTCNYKVJPQGPFKPUKIJV,WPGRCXCKNCDNGCVYYYQJEJTQTI&QEWOGPVU%QWPVTKGU8'8GPG\WGNC4GRQTVA'0RFH #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNKPVGTXKGYEQPFWEVGFQP/CTEJ THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 30 #FGSWCVGKPXGUVKICVKQPUCPFVJGKORNGOGPVCVKQPQHFKUEKRNKPCT[RTQEGFWTGUHQTVJQUGQHƂEKCNUUWURGEVGFQH JCXKPIWUGFGZEGUUKXGQTWPPGEGUUCT[HQTEGKPXKQNCVKQPQHJWOCPTKIJVUUVCPFCTFUHQTGZCORNGUCPEVKQPU UWEJCUVJGCUUKIPOGPVVQCFOKPKUVTCVKXGVCUMUFWTKPIKPXGUVKICVKQPURGPFKPIRQUUKDNGFKUOKUUCNHQTOCN EJCTIGUCPFFGRTKXCVKQPQHNKDGTV[116 #RRTQRTKCVGRTQEGFWTGUVQUWRRQTVXKEVKOUKPENWFKPIƂ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oHCOKN[OGODGTUVQNF#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJCVVJG[QWPIOGPYGTGMPGGNKPIQTN[KPIFQYPQPVJGƃQQTRTKQTVQ TGEGKXKPIIWPUJQVUVQVJGEJGUV#EEQTFKPIVQVJGCWVQRU[TGRQTVUQHVJGECUGUFQEWOGPVGFD[#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJG XKEVKOUFKGFQHIWPUJQVYQWPFUVQVJGHTQPVQHVJGKTDQFKGUsVJQTCZPGEMCPFJGCFsCPFYGTGDGNQYVJGRQNKEGQHƂEGTU YJQƂTGFVJGUJQVU 1166JGFKUOKUUCNRTQEGFWTGKUUGVQWVKP#TVKENGQHVJG.G[FGN'UVCVWVQFGNC(WPEKÏP=.CYQPVJG5VCVWVGQH2QNKEG(WPEVKQPU?6JGRTQEGFWTGUHQT OQPKVQTKPICPFUWRGTXKUKPIRQNKEGCEVKQPUCTGUGVQWVKP#TVKENGUQHVJG.G[FGN'UVCVWVQFGNC(WPEKÏP2QNKEKCN )GPGTCN2QNKEG%QWPEKN6W(WGT\CGU/K/GFKFC /CPWCNFG7UQ2TQITGUKXQ[&KHGTGPEKCFQFGNC(WGT\C2QNKEKCN=;QWT5VTGPIVJKU/[#EVKQP /CPWCN QH2TQITGUUKXGCPF&KHHGTGPVKCVGF7UGQHVJG2QNKEG(QTEG?#RTKN 5RCPKUJQPN[ THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 31 %NCWFKC8KNNCTGCN^© Amnesty International 2018^.CWTC4CPIGN 6*'4'+5014'#510(146*'/61 “ &+5%*#4)'#9'#210THAT SHOULD “ $'6*'.#564'51469'&10 6*#8' 6*'&'#6*2'0#.6;*'4' %.#7&+#8+..#4'#. /16*'41(.7+5.'#.8+..#4'#.9*1&+'&9*+.'37'7+0)(14 )41%'4+'5#64')7.#6'&24+%'5 5KPEGVJGGEQPQOKEETKUKUCPFVJGUJQTVCIGUKP8GPG\WGNCKVJCU DGGP KPETGCUKPIN[ FKHƂEWNV HQT RGQRNG VQ CEEGUU DCUKE IQQFU KP commercial stores. It is common in cities for people to queue for several hours outside shops to buy food at low, regulated prices. On /CTEJ.WKU.GCN8KNNCTGCNC[GCTQNFEJGHNGHVJQOG early in the morning to go to a shop in the west of Caracas, in Catia, VQDW[HQQFCVTGIWNCVGFRTKEGU+VYCUVJGTGVJCVC20$QHƂEKCNUJQV JKOCPFCTTGUVGFƂXGQVJGTUYJQYGTGVJGTG *KU OQVJGT %NCWFKC 8KNNCTGCN UCY .WKU DQF[ CV VJG &QEVQT ,QUÅ )TGIQTKQ*GTP½PFG\*QURKVCN MPQYPCUVJG/CICNNCPGU*QURKVCN in Catia. The doctors told her that he was dead on arrival at the hospital. "They undressed him, they took all his belongings, they took away his personal documents, everything". %NCWFKC8KNNCTGCNƂNGFCEQORNCKPVCPFCPKPXGUVKICVKQPYCUKPKVKCVGF #EEQTFKPIVQVJGRQNKEG.WKUCPFVJGQVJGTƂXG[QWPIRGQRNGYJQ were queuing with him were carrying out a robbery when confronted VJG20$QHƂEKCN*QYGXGTGXKFGPEGYCUQDVCKPGFKPFKECVKPIVJCV .WKUJCFPQVƂTGFCYGCRQP The others who were with Luis and who were arrested were released UGXGPOQPVJUNCVGT&GURKVGDGKPIVJTGCVGPGFD[QHƂEKCNUVJG[CEVGF CUYKVPGUUGU#EEQTFKPIVQVJGKTVGUVKOQPKGUVJGRQNKEGQHƂEGTƂTGF without issuing a verbal warning and they then saw him tamper with VJGUEGPGQHVJGETKOGYKVJVJGEQORNKEKV[QHQVJGTQHƂEGTU #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNYCUKPHQTOGFVJCVVJGQHƂEKCNKPXGUVKICVGFKP connection with Luis' death had been charged and that a warrant for JKUCTTGUVJCFDGGPKUUWGF*QYGXGTCEEQTFKPIVQ%NCWFKC8KNNCTGCN VJGQHƂEKCNTGOCKPGFCVNCTIGCVVJGVKOGQHYTKVKPI THIS6*+5+5019#;61.+8' IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 32 $QVJKPVGTPCVKQPCNUVCPFCTFUCPFVJGPCVKQPCNNGICNHTCOGYQTMUVKRWNCVGVJCVCHVGTTGUQTVKPIVQVJGWUG QHHQTEGQHƂEKCNUCTGQDNKIGFVQGPUWTGVJGRJ[UKECNKPVGITKV[QHVJQUGKPLWTGFCPFGPUWTGVJCVVJG[TGEGKXG CFGSWCVGOGFKECNCVVGPVKQPCPFCUUQQPCURQUUKDNG6JG[OWUVCNUQPQVKH[VJGTGNCVKXGUQHYJCVJCUJCRRGPGF #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNKPVGTXKGYGFVJGTGNCVKXGUQHC[QWPIOCPYJQFKGFQP#WIWUVKP%CTCECUYJKNG JGYCUJQURKVCNK\GFKPRQNKEGEWUVQF[*KUTGNCVKXGUYGTGPQVCNNQYGFVQXKUKVJKO6JGHCOKN[YGTGPQVCDNGVQ XGTKH[VJCVJGJCFTGEGKXGFCRRTQRTKCVGOGFKECNCVVGPVKQP &1;17-0196*'+06'05'5#&0'551( $74;+0)#%*+.&!+6 5#*7)'514419 “ 6*#6;17%#44;+0;1748'4;517. /#4.'0+2.#<#” 6*'/16*'41(8©%61414&#<9*1&+'&#(6'46*4''&#;5+021.+%' %7561&;+0*152+6#.*+5(#/+.;9'4'016#..19'&618+5+6*+/ 8ÉEVQT1TFC\YCU[GCTUQNFJCFCPKPG[GCTQNFFCWIJVGTCPFCVVJGVKOGQHJKUFGCVJYQTMGFKPC restaurant and as a motorcycle taxi driver. On 18 August 2015, after hours of not knowing what had happened to him, his family learned that he had been shot several times and taken to the Domingo .WEKCPK*QURKVCN MPQYPCU'N.NCPKVQ KP%CTCECU #EEQTFKPIVQJKUOQVJGT/CTNGPK2NC\CCVVJGJQURKVCNUJGCPFQVJGTTGNCVKXGUUCYVJCV8ÉEVQTYCUDGKPI IWCTFGFD[%JCECQ/WPKEKRCN2QNKEGQHƂEGTU6JGQHƂEGTUVQNFVJGOVJCV8ÉEVQTJCFEQOOKVVGFCTQDDGT[ and had been wounded after a clash in the Altamira neighbourhood. The family were not allowed to go PGCTJKO/CTNGPK2NC\CQPN[OCPCIGFVQUGGJKOHTQOCFKUVCPEG8ÉEVQTCUMGFJGTCDQWVJKUFCWIJVGT that was the last time she saw him alive. &WTKPI VJG VJTGG FC[U DGHQTG JKU FGCVJ QHƂEKCNU FKF PQV CNNQY JGT VQ UGG 8ÉEVQT VJG[ VQNF JGT VJCV criminals deserved to be handcuffed. Marleni Plaza told Amnesty International that she reported VJKUCVVJG1ODWFUOCP U1HƂEGVQVJG&KTGEVQTCVGQH(WPFCOGPVCN4KIJVUQHVJG2WDNKE2TQUGEWVQT U 1HƂEGCPFVQVJGFKTGEVQTQHVJGJQURKVCN0QTGRTGUGPVCVKXGQHVJG1ODWFUOCP U1HƂEGQTVJG2WDNKE 2TQUGEWVQT U1HƂEGKPXGUVKICVGFVJGFGPKCNQHCEEGUUVQJGTUQP/CTNGPK2NC\CYCUCNUQWPCDNGVQƂPF QWVYJGVJGT8ÉEVQTYCUDGKPIVTGCVGFCPFKHVJGOGFKECVKQPCPFENQVJGUUJGJCFUGPVTGCEJGFJKO he wasn't given the right to have his mother next to him, to have his mother change him, dress him, to hear her voice and give him a word of encouragement, he never had the right to that. If he had to pay for something he had done, then it should have been through the justice system, not like that." #EEQTFKPIVQVJGECUGƂNG8ÉEVQTFKGFCUCTGUWNVQHCPKPHGEVGFIWPUJQVYQWPFKPVJGCDFQOGP/CTNGPK Plaza said that when he was shot, her son was with another young man who was also injured and taken to the same hospital. There is no evidence that the authorities took this young man's statement to clarify the circumstances of the shooting during the month he was hospitalized. Unfortunately, this young man CNUQFKGFCPFUQJKUVGUVKOQP[EQWNFPQVDGVCMGPVQENCTKH[8ÉEVQT UFGCVJ /CTNGPK2NC\CUCKFVJCVVJG#VVQTPG[)GPGTCN U1HƂEGVQNFJGTVQEQNNGEVGXKFGPEGCPFVQƂPFYKVPGUUGU JGTUGNH#VVJGVKOGQHYTKVKPICNOQUVVJTGG[GCTUCHVGT8ÉEVQToUFGCVJCPFFGURKVGVJGHCEVVJCVVJG QHƂEKCNYCUKFGPVKƂGFVJGKPXGUVKICVKQPJCUPQVDGGPEQORNGVGFCPFTGURQPUKDKNKV[HQTJKUFGCVJTGOCKPU WPTGUQNXGF #EEQTFKPI VQ VJG KPHQTOCVKQP RTQXKFGF D[ /CTNGPK 2NC\C VJG #VVQTPG[ )GPGTCN U 1HƂEG handling the case has not assigned a prosecutor to the case and that is why she has been denied access VQWRFCVGUVQVJGECUGƂNG #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCN7UGQH(QTEG )WKFGNKPGUHQT+ORNGOGPVCVKQPQPVJG70$CUKE2TKPEKRNGUQPVJG7UGQH(QTEGCPF(KTGCTOUD[.CY'PHQTEG OGPV1HƂEKCNU#WIWUV#OUVGTFCOR 4GUQNWVKQP1HƂEKCN)C\GVVG0Q%CTCECU/CTEJ THIS6*+5+5019#;61.+8' IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 33 © Amnesty International 2018 | Carlos Ramírez 2.4. A MILITARY APPROACH TO PUBLIC ORDER POLICING 6JGRQNKEGCPFVJGOKNKVCT[CTGKPUVKVWVKQPUYKVJFKHHGTGPVCKOUCPFVJGTGHQTGVJGKTVTCKPKPICPFRTGRCTCVKQPCTG CNUQFKHHGTGPV+PRTKPEKRNGVJGRQNKEGCTGKPEJCTIGQHFGVGTTGPVCPFEQPVTQNQRGTCVKQPUVQIWCTCPVGGVJGNKXGU QHCNNKPFKXKFWCNUYJKNGVJGOKNKVCT[CTGKPUVTWEVGFCPFVTCKPGFQPJQYVQFGHGPFPCVKQPCNUQXGTGKIPV[CICKPUV CPGPGO[CPFVQEQWPVGTUWEJVJTGCVUVJTQWIJCEVUQHYCTYJGTGPGEGUUCT[ 6JGFGRNQ[OGPVQHOKNKVCT[HQTEGUHQTRWDNKEQTFGTRQNKEKPIKPXQNXGUEQPUKFGTCDNGTKUMUKPENWFKPIVJGRQVGPVKCN TKUMQHJWOCPTKIJVUXKQNCVKQPUVJTQWIJVJGWUGOKNKVCT[VCEVKEUCPFRTQEGFWTGUVJCVCTGPQVPGEGUUCTKN[KPNKPG YKVJVJGHTCOGYQTMGUVCDNKUJGFD[JWOCPTKIJVUNCY#OKNKVCT[TCVKQPCNGCPFOQFWUQRGTCPFKTGNCVGVQVJG EQPFWEVQHJQUVKNKVKGUKPYJKEJVJGWUGQHHQTEGKPENWFKPINGVJCNHQTEGKUCXCNKFQRVKQP6JGGSWKROGPVWUGF VJGTGHQTGKUFGUKIPGFVQPGWVTCNK\GVJGGPGO[EQODCVCPVCPFPQVVQOKPKOK\GRQUUKDNGFCOCIGCPFKPLWT[QT VQRTQVGEVCPFRTGUGTXGNKHG 6JGWUGQHOKNKVCT[HQTEGUVQUWRRQTVVJGUGEWTKV[HQTEGUKPRWDNKEQTFGTQRGTCVKQPUUJQWNFVJGTGHQTGDGGZEGRVKQPCN CPFCNYC[UUWDQTFKPCVGVQVJGEKXKNCWVJQTKVKGU+HOKNKVCT[WPKVUCTGVQDGFGRNQ[GFHQTRWDNKEQTFGTFWVKGUKVKU GUUGPVKCNVJCVCTGXKGYQHQRGTCVKQPCNTCVKQPCNGKUƂTUVWPFGTVCMGPVQGPUWTGKVRTKQTKVK\GUVJGWUGQHPQPXKQNGPV OGVJQFUCPFVJGRTQVQEQNUVJCVIQXGTPVJGOCPFVJCVVTCKPKPIKUCFCRVGFVQCHQEWUQPVJGCRRNKECVKQPQHVJG NCYRTKQTKVK\KPIEQOOWPKECVKQPCPFOKPKOK\KPIJCTOCPFGPUWTKPIVJCVVJGWUGQHHQTEGKUCNCUVTGUQTV121 +PVGT#OGTKECP%QOOKUUKQPQP*WOCP4KIJVU&GOQETCE[CPF*WOCP4KIJVUKP8GPG\WGNC 'ZGEWVKXG5WOOCT[CXCKNCDNGCV YYYEKFJQTI EQWPVT[TGR8GPG\WGNCGPI8'61%GPIJVO -G[OGTXKNCp5GIWTKFCF%KWFCFCPC[5GIWTKFCF0CEKQPCN .CNWEJCRQTGNEQPVTQNFGNCUOCPKHGUVCEKQPGU[FGNQTFGPRÖDNKEQGP8GPG\WGNCqKP .KDTQ*QOGPCLGCNC#ECFGOKCFG%KGPEKCU2QNÉVKECU[5QEKCNGUGPGNEGPVGPCTKQFGUWHWPFCEKÏP= 2WDNKE1TFGTCPF0CVKQPCN5GEWTKV[ 6JGUVTWIINGHQTVJGEQPVTQNQHFGOQPUVTCVKQPUCPFRWDNKEQTFGTKP8GPG\WGNC KP*QOCIGVQVJG#ECFGO[QH2QNKVKECNCPF5QEKCN5EKGPEGUKPVJG EGPVGPCT[QHKVUHQWPFCVKQP?%CTCECU 5RCPKUJQPN[ 121#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCN7UGQH(QTEG )WKFGNKPGUHQT+ORNGOGPVCVKQPQPVJG70$CUKE2TKPEKRNGUQPVJG7UGQH(QTEGCPF(KTGCTOUD[.CY'PHQTEG OGPV1HƂEKCNU#WIWUV#OUVGTFCOR THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 34 We will apply justice with force and force with justice.122 “ Minister for Internal Affairs, Justice and Peace, 27 May 2016 ” +P8GPG\WGNCVJGOKNKVCT[KPƃWGPEGQPVJGUGEWTKV[HQTEGUFCVGUDCEMVQYKVJVJGETGCVKQPQHVJGPGVYQTM QHUGEWTKV[UGTXKEGUKPCFFKVKQPVQVJGKPXGUVKICVKXGRQNKEGKPENWFKPIVJG0CVKQPCN)WCTFVCUMGFYKVJOCKPVCKPKPI RWDNKE QTFGT 6JG 0CVKQPCN )WCTF UWDUGSWGPVN[ EQPVKPWGF RCTVKEKRCVKPI KP VJG VTCKPKPI FGXGNQROGPV CPF OCPCIGOGPVQHUVCVGRQNKEGHQTEGU123VJWUKPƃ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ƂECPVVJCVCTO[RGTUQPPGNCUYGNNCUOGODGTUQHVJG)0$JCXGDGGPWUGFHQT RWDNKEQTFGTQRGTCVKQPUCPFVQQRGTCVGEJGEMRQKPVU 6JGRCTVKEKRCVKQPQHVJGOKNKVCT[KPQRGTCVKQPUCPFKPVJGNGCFGTUJKRQHRQNKEGHQTEGUCUYGNNCUVJGRTCEVKEGUCPF RTQEGFWTGUCFQRVGFD[UGEWTKV[QHƂEKCNUVJCVHQNNQYCOKNKVCT[TCVKQPCNGQHƂIJVKPICPFPGWVTCNK\KPIVJGGPGO[ CTGQHEQPEGTP#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNDGNKGXGUVJCVVJKUKUEQPVTCT[VQ8GPG\WGNC UKPVGTPCVKQPCNQDNKICVKQPU GURGEKCNN[ TGICTFKPI RQNKEKPI OCKPVCKPKPI RWDNKE QTFGT CPF VJG WUG QH HQTEG &GURKVG VJG GHHQTVU VQ TGHQTO VJGRQNKEGVJGJCTFNKPGUVTCVGIKGUKORNGOGPVGFTGƃGEVJQYRTQITGUUKXGN[VJGFGVGTTGPVCRRTQCEJJCUDGGP UKFGNKPGFCPFITGCVGTGORJCUKUJCUDGGPIKXGPVQUJQTVVGTOURQTCFKECPFJKIJN[TGRTGUUKXGQRGTCVKQPUWUKPI OKNKVCTK\GFOGVJQFU They were a group of 700 men from several special groups working together and what they essentially tried to do was to occupy a part of the territory that was being relentlessly “ targeted by criminal gangs. Two people, from a gang that is totally disbanded, were CRRTGJGPFGFCPFJCXGFKGFKPVJGNCUVHGYFC[U6JTGGOGODGTUQH,QJCP(WPGU who had criminal intent and were surprised in the act of committing a crime were taken down."127 [emphasis added]. Minister for People's Popular for Internal Affairs, Justice and Peace, 13 July 2015 ” 122/KPKUVGT)QP\½NG\.ÏRG\ GXCNWCVKQPQHVJG1.2QRGTCVKQPKPYJKEJ.WEKHGTYCUMKNNGFCXCKNCDNGCVYYY[QWVWDGEQOYCVEJ!X NP6T5\:'OI 5RC PKUJQPN[ 123+P8GPG\WGNCVJGUVCVGNGXGNTGHGTUVQVJGRQNKVKECNIGQITCRJKEFKXKUKQPQHVJGEQWPVT[KPVQVJGRTQXKPEKCNUVCVGU .WKU)GTCTFQ)CDNCFÏP2QNKEÉC[EQPVTQNUQEKCN HTCIOGPVCEKÏPEGPVTCNK\CEKÏP[FKHWUKÏPGP#OÅTKEC.CVKPC=2QNKEGCPFUQEKCNEQPVTQN HTCIOGPVCVKQPEGPVTCNK\CVKQPCPFFKURGTUKQPKP.CVKP#OGTKEC?7PKXGTUKFCFFGN THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA © Amnesty International 2018 | Carlos Ramírez 35 2.5. 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1.2U6JG[CNUQKPFKECVGVJCVVJGUGYGTGPQVKUQNCVGFKPEKFGPVUQTFWGVQVJGCTDKVTCT[CEVKQPUQHKPFKXKFWCN QHƂEGTUDWVTCVJGTVJG[JCFVJGDCEMKPIQHVJGCWVJQTKVKGUYJQLWFIGFVJGUWEEGUUQHCPQRGTCVKQPQPVJGDCUKU QHECUWCNVKGUCOQPIVJGUWURGEVUYJQEQWNFKPHCEVDGCP[[QWPIRGTUQPKPCYQTMKPIENCUUPGKIJDQWTJQQF 6JG[CNUQJKIJNKIJVVJGCDWUKXGGZEGUUKXGCPFUQOGVKOGUKPVGPVKQPCNN[NGVJCNWUGQHVJGHQTEGQPVJGRCTV QH DQVJ EKXKNKCP CPF OKNKVCT[ QHƂEGTU CPF VJG XKQNCVKQP QH RTQEGFWTCN IWCTCPVGGU CPF VJG RTKPEKRNG QH VJG RTGUWORVKQPQHKPPQEGPEG Of the 12 states in the country where the OLP has been deployed, the combat report CTGCUHQNNQYU FGRNQ[GFQHƂEGTU RGQRNGCTTGUVGFHQTXCTKQWUETKOGUQH “ which 113 are foreigners; gangs broken up together with their leadership, 27; criminals killed during clashes...52 139 [emphasis added]. Minister for Internal Affairs, Justice and Peace, 12 August 2015 ” 136.C%QVCKUCTQCFVJCVETQUUGUVJGRCTKUJGUQH.C8GIC'N2CTCÉUQCPF5CPVC4QUCNÉCKP.KDGTVCFQT/WPKEKRCNKV[KPYGUVGTP%CTCECU%QVC IQGUVJTQWIJCUGTKGUQHYQTMKPIENCUUPGKIJDQWTJQQFUCPFGUVCVGU )QP\½NG\.ÏRG\ /WGTGPOCNGCPVGUGP%QVCQRGTCVKXQUGP$GVCPKC[%KWFCF6KWPC=VJWIUMKNNGFQP%QVCQHƂEGTUKP$GVCPKCCPF %KWFCF6KWPC?CXCKNCDNGCVYYY[QWVWDGEQOYCVEJ!X A8F6'#%+ 5RCPKUJQPN[ )QP\½NG\.ÏRG\ /WGTGPOCNGCPVGUGP%QVCQRGTCVKXQUGP$GVCPKC[%KWFCF6KWPC=VJWIUMKNNGFQP%QVCQHƂEGTUKP$GVCPKCCPF %KWFCF6KWPC?CXCKNCDNGCVYYY[QWVWDGEQOYCVEJ!X A8F6'#%+ 1.2JCPFGLCFQCDCVKFQUUGIÖPKPHQTOÏIQP\½NG\NÏRG\=1.2NGCXGU FGCFCEEQTFKPIVQ)QP\½NG\.ÏRG\?CXCKNCDNGCVYYY[QWVWDGEQOYCVEJ!X GYIWDWGUQ /KPKUVTQ)QP\½NG\.ÏRG\ .CU1.2NQITCTQPCDCVKTCN .WEKHGTCN6QRQ[CN2KEWTG=VJG1.2OCPCIGFVQUJQQVCPFMKNN.WEKHGT6QRQCPF2KEWTG?CXCKNCDNGCVYYY[QWVWDGEQOYCVEJ!X WWXCNVQXS 1.2 JCTGEWRGTCFQCRCTVCOGPVQUFGNCOKUKÏPXKXKGPFCGP.CTC=1.2TGEQXGTUCRCTVOGPVUHTQOVJGJQWUKPIGUVCVGKP.CTC?CXCKNCDNGCVYYY [QWVWDGEQOYCVEJ!X ZDYWRXSIAYC /KPKUVTQ)QP\½NG\.ÏRG\QHTGEKÏDCNCPEGUQDTGQRGTCVKXQFGNC1.2FQPFGTGUWNVÏCDCVKFQ.WEKHGT=/KPKUVGT )QP\½NG\.ÏRG\ TGRQTVUQPVJG1.2QRGTCVKQPKPYJKEJ.WEKHGTYCUMKNNGF?CXCKNCDNGCVYYY[QWVWDGEQOYCVEJ!X NPVTU\ZGOI CDCVKFQUGPPWGXC HCUGFG1.2GPUGKUGUVCFQUKPHQTOC0GUVQT4GXGTQN=MKNNGFKPCPGYRJCUGQHVJG1.2KPUKZUVCVGUTGRQTVU0GUVQT4GXGTQN?CXCKNCDNGCVYYY [QWVWDGEQOYCVEJ!X FILXWL\ROLI CNN5RCPKUJQPN[ p&GNQUGUVCFQUFGNRCÉUFQPFGJCUKFQFGURNGICFCNC1.2GNRCTVGGUGNUKIWKGPVG HWPEKQPCTKQUFGURNGICFQU FGVGPKFQURQTNCEQOKUKÏP FGFKUVKPVQUFGNKVQUFGNQUEWCNGUUQPGZVTCPLGTQU DCPFCUFGUCTVKEWNCFCULWPVQEQPUWUECDGEKNNCU FGNKPEWGPVGUCDCVKFQUFWTCPVGGP HTGPVCOKGPVQU e qp1.2JCPFGLCFQCDCVKFQUUGIÖPKPHQTOÏ)QP\½NG\.ÏRG\=1.2NGCXGUFGCFCEEQTFKPIVQ)QP\½NG\.ÏRG\?CXCKNCDNG CVYYY[QWVWDGEQOYCVEJ!X GY)W$7'UQ 5RCPKUJQPN[ THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 38 6*#6&#;6*'70&'46#-'459'4'51 “ 18'49*'./'&6*#69'*#&616#-'174 “ 4'.#6+8'561#016*'4#4'# ASDRÚBAL GRANADOS (#6*'41(;#0&'4510)4#0#&159*1&+'& 10*+59#;61914-9*'0*''0%1706'4'.2 ;CPFGTUQP)TCPCFQUYCU[GCTUQNF*GYCUUVWF[KPICFXGTVKUKPICPFYQTMGFFGNKXGTKPIHQQF*G NKXGFKP'N,WPSWKVQQPVJGQWVUMKTVUQH%CTCECUYKVJJKURCTVPGTYJQCNUQJCUCUGXGP[GCTQNFUQP1P 1EVQDGTJGYGPVVQJKURCTGPVU JQWUGQPVJG#PFTÅU'NQ[$NCPEQGUVCVGKPVJGFG'PGTQ PGKIJDQWTJQQFKP%CTCECUDGECWUGVJGTGYCUPQYCVGTKP'N,WPSWKVQCPFJGPGGFGFVQYCUJUQOG ENQVJGU9JGPJGNGHVHQTYQTMCVCTQWPFUKZKPVJGOQTPKPIJGYCUCTTGUVGFD[1.2QHƂEKCNU #EEQTFKPIVQ#UFTÖDCN)TCPCFQU;GPFGTUQP UHCVJGTJGCPFJKUYKHGHQWPFVJGKTUQPCVPQQPKPVJG Periférico de Catia Hospital, dead. His clothes had been removed and his phone and wallet had been taken. He died as a result of two gunshot wounds to the chest. On the same day, a senior government QHƂEKCNCPPQWPEGFCVCRTGUUEQPHGTGPEGVJCVJGJCFUVCTVGFCPGYRJCUGQHVJG1.2YJKEJJCFTGUWNVGF in 12 "casualties" in Caracas.140 #UFTÖDCN )TCPCFQU NQFIGF C EQORNCKPV CPF CP KPXGUVKICVKQP YCU KPKVKCVGF #EEQTFKPI VQ VJG RQNKEG ;CPFGTUQPFKGFHQNNQYKPICEQPHTQPVCVKQPYKVJ20$QHƂEKCNU*QYGXGTCVVJGVKOGQHYTKVKPIPQGXKFGPEG of a confrontation had been forthcoming. #PKPXGUVKICVKQPYCUKPKVKCVGFKPVQCPQHƂEKCN*QYGXGTCUQH/CTEJC[GCTCPFCJCNHNCVGTVJG KPXGUVKICVKQPTGOCKPGFKPVJGKPKVKCNCPFRTGRCTCVQT[UVCIGU6JGTGJCFDGGPPQUKIPKƂECPVRTQITGUUKP FGVGTOKPKPI VJG QHƂEKCNoU CNNGIGF ETKOKPCN TGURQPUKDKNKV[ HQT ;CPFGTUQP U FGCVJ #UFTÖDCN )TCPCFQU U search for justice continues: "I feel scared, but I also have courage, because they killed my boy. It's already over a year since I lost him, and the sadness, the tears, that must not all be in vain. I told him that at his graveside." "Operation Liberation and Protection of the People (OLP) was made in the revolution and therefore you can be completely certain that it is made in peace, it leads to and “ makes peace... There will never ever be any human rights violations, because everything that is built in the revolution bears the seal of respect for humanity: the human being EQOGUƂTUV141 Minister for Internal Affairs, Justice and Peace, 2015 ” /CP[QHVJGFGCVJUNKPMGFVQVJG1.2QEEWTTGFKPRGQRNG UJQOGU6JGXKEVKOUYGTGQHVGPCFQNGUEGPVUMKNNGF KPHTQPVQHVJGKTTGNCVKXGUCPFEJKNFTGPD[QHƂEKCNUYJQGPVGTGFVJGKTJQOGUYKVJQWVKFGPVKH[KPIVJGOUGNXGUCPF YKVJQWVRTQFWEKPICEQWTVQTFGT6JCVKUYJCVJCRRGPGFVQ#NGZ8GICU CDCVKFQUGPPWGXCHCUGFG1.2GPUGKUGUVCFQUKPHQTOC0GUVQT4GXGTQN=MKNNGFKPCPGYRJCUGQH1.2KPUKZUVCVGUTGRQTVU0GUVQT4GXGTQN? CXCKNCDNGCVYYY[QWVWDGEQOYCVEJ!X &)LX7L\2O,I 5RCPKUJQPN[ p.C1RGTCEKÏPFG.KDGTCEKÏP[2TQVGEEKÏPFGN2WGDNQ 1.2 GUV½JGEJCGPTGXQNWEKÏP[RQTGPFGVGPICPNCRNGPCEGTVG\CSWGGUV½JGEJCGPRC\NNGXC [GUV½JGEJCRQTNCRC\ e #NNÉPWPECFGNQUPWPECLCOCUGUUGXCCXKQNCTPKPIÖPFGTGEJQJWOCPQRQTSWGVQFQNQSWGUGEQPUVTW[GGPTGXQNWEKÏP NNGXCGNUGNNQFGNTGURGVQFGNQJWOCPQ RTKOGTQGNJQODTGq%QTTGQFGN1TKPQEQp)QP\½NG\.ÏRG\ .CU1.2GUV½PJGEJCUGPTGXQNWEKÏP[RC\q=6JG 1.2UYGTGOCFGKPTGXQNWVKQPCPFRGCEG?,WN[CXCKNCDNGCV YYYEQTTGQFGNQTKPQEQIQDXGPCEKQPCNGUIQP\CNG\NQRG\QNRGUVCPJGEJCUTG XQNWEKQP[RC\ 5RCPKUJQPN[ THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 39 #NGZ8GICU^© Amnesty International 2018^.CWTC4CPIGN 9*#6&+&/;510'8'4&1 “ “ 616*'/!9*;&+&6*';-+..*+/! #.':8')#5 (#6*'41(#.':;1*#08')#5#6''0#)'4 -+..'*1/'&74+0)#01.2 #NGZ;QJCP8GICU#\WCLGYCU[GCTUQNF*GJCFCVJTGGOQPVJ old daughter and so left school and started working delivering ENGCPKPIRTQFWEVU*GNKXGFYKVJJKURCTGPVUCPFJKU[GCTQNF UKUVGTKPVJG%GTTQ)TCPFGPGKIJDQWTJQQFKP'N8CNNG%CTCECU 1P /CTEJ CV Q ENQEM KP VJG OQTPKPI 20$ QHƂEGTU broke down the door and entered the house. They did not have a YCTTCPV6JG[HQTEGFJKURCTGPVUCPFJKU[GCTQNFUKUVGTQWVQH VJGJQWUGKPVQVJGUVTGGV$GVYGGPƂXGCPFUKZQHƂEGTUYGPVWRVQ VJGTQQOYJGTG#NGZ;QJCPYCUUNGGRKPI*KUHCVJGT#NGZ8GICU VQNF#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJCVJGUCYVJCVQPGQHVJGQHƂEGTUYCU YGCTKPICOCUMYKVJUMWNNUQPKV'XGT[VKOGJGVTKGFVQIQDCEM KPVQVJGJQWUGVJGQHƂEGTUVJTGCVGPGFVQDGCVJKOCPFVQNFJKO that they were carrying out an OLP under the presidential order: "These people were going crazy that day, really. They said they were following a presidential order, that it was a presidential order". #HVGTCYJKNGVJGQHƂEKCNUVQQMVJGRCTGPVUCPFVJGUKUVGTVQVJG RQNKEG JGCFSWCTVGTU KP 'N 8CNNG 9JKNG VJG[ YGTG VJGTG TGNCVKXGU CPF HTKGPFU QH VJG 8GICU HCOKN[ CTTKXGF CPF VQNF VJGO VJCV #NGZ ;QJCPYCUFGCF*KUDQF[JCFDGGPVCMGPVQVJG&QEVQT.GQRQNFQ Manrique Terrero Hospital (known as the Periférico de Coche *QURKVCN +PCFFKVKQPVQ#NGZ;QJCPPKPGQVJGTRGQRNGFKGFVJCV FC[KP'N8CNNGCURCTVQHVJGUCOGQRGTCVKQP #NGZ8GICUJKUYKHGCPFFCWIJVGTYGTGCNNQYGFVQIQDCEMJQOG at three in the afternoon. They found a pool of blood in the room CPFUKIPUQHIWPƂTG6JG[FKUEQXGTGFVJCVVJG[JCFDGGPTQDDGF GNGEVTQPKEFGXKEGUYCVEJGUUJQGUUJKTVUƃQWTCPFUWICTJCFDGGP taken. #NGZ8GICUNQFIGFCEQORNCKPVCPFCPKPXGUVKICVKQPYCUKPKVKCVGF #EEQTFKPIVQVJGRQNKEG#NGZ;QJCPFKGFKPCEQPHTQPVCVKQPYKVJ police. However, to date, the criminal investigation has not shown VJCVVJGTGYCUCEQPHTQPVCVKQP#NGZ;QJCPFKGFQHKPLWTKGUTGUWNVKPI from gunshot wounds to the heart and left lung. #U QH /CTEJ PQ QHƂEKCN JCF DGGP CTTGUVGF KP EQPPGEVKQP YKVJJKUFGCVJ#NGZ8GICUDGNKGXGUVJCVHQTFGCVJUNKMGJKUUQP U to stop happening, things have to change: "another security policy, something else, not going around killing people left and right. They enter the houses, kill people and that’s it". 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All the bullets wounds are in the chest. They “ already know where they are going to shoot... It's like a death sentence. ” +PUQOGECUGUTGUGCTEJGFD[#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJGEKTEWOUVCPEGUKPFKECVGVJCVHQTEGYCUWUGFKPCP KPVGPVKQPCNN[NGVJCNOCPPGTCPFVJGUGEWTKV[HQTEGUECTTKGFQWVGZVTCLWFKEKCNGZGEWVKQPU4GRQTVUUWIIGUVVJCV VJGUG GZGEWVKQPU CTG PQV KUQNCVGF ECUGU DWV VJCV VJGTG EQWNF DG DGVYGGP ƂXG CPF FGCVJU KP C UKPING QRGTCVKQPCVVJGJCPFUQHUGEWTKV[QHƂEGTU +VKUQHGZVTGOGEQPEGTPVJCVKPCFFKVKQPVQVJGHTGSWGPE[YKVJYJKEJVJGGXGPVUQEEWTTGFFWTKPIVJGRGTKQF VJG1.2YCUKPHQTEGVJGJKIJGUVCWVJQTKVKGUKPEJCTIGQHVJGQXGTUGGKPIUGEWTKV[KPVJGEQWPVT[UWEJCUVJG /KPKUVT[QH2GQRNG U2QYGTHQT+PVGTPCN#HHCKTU,WUVKEGCPF2GCEGJCXGUWIIGUVGFVJCVVJKUWPPGEGUUCT[CPF CDWUKXGWUGQHNGVJCNHQTEGD[RQNKEGCPFOKNKVCT[QHƂEKCNUYCULWUVKƂGF #;170)70#4/'&/#09+6*0121.+%' 4'%14&-+..'&+0*+5*1/' /#46#1412'<# 6*'/16*'41(0'.510)#4%©#9*19#5 -+..'&$;21.+%'1((+%'45+0*+5#2#46/'06 0GNUQP'PTKSWG)CTEÉCC[GCTQNFUVWFGPVQHCFOKPKUVTCVKXGUVWFKGUNKXGFYKVJJKUOQVJGT/CTVC Oropeza, in the area of Caricuao, west of Caracas. Marta Oropeza told Amnesty International that, on 29 ,CPWCT[KPGCTN[JQWTUQHVJGOQTPKPICITQWRQHQHƂEGTUHTQOVJG20$VJG)0$CPFVJG%+%2% GPVGTGF0GNUQP UDWKNFKPICURCTVQHCP1.2VQECRVWTGCPCNNGIGFETKOKPCNICPI6JGQHƂEGTUGPVGTGF an apartment where four people were killed, including a pregnant woman. While this was happening, 0GNUQPECNNGFJKUIKTNHTKGPFCPFVQNFJGTYJCVYCUIQKPIQP/QOGPVUNCVGT%+%2%QHƂEKCNUURGEKƂECNN[ OGODGTUQHVJG5RGEKCN#EVKQPU$TKICFG $TKICFCFG#EEKQPGU'URGEKCNGU$#'5 DTQMGKPVQ0GNUQP U apartment without a warrant. Nelson's girlfriend could hear what was going on over the phone. Minutes later she heard shots and call was cut off. Marta Oropeza found her son’s body in the Miguel Pérez Carreño Hospital. Back in his apartment, she discovered that he had died in his room: she found the mattress on his bed covered in blood. The apartment had also been robbed: mobile phones, money, Nelson's shoes and clothes, watches, documents such as driver's licences and even perfumes had been stolen. #EEQTFKPIVQVJGRQNKEG0GNUQPFKGFKPCEQPHTQPVCVKQPYKVJQHƂEGTU*QYGXGTOQTGVJCPVYQ[GCTU CHVGT VJG KPXGUVKICVKQP DGICP VJGTG KU KPUWHƂEKGPV GXKFGPEG VQ UJQY VJCV VJGTG YCU C EQPHTQPVCVKQP 0GNUQPFKGFQHCUKPINGUJQVVQVJGEJGUV+PCFFKVKQPVJGNGICNVGCOQH%1(#8+%YJKEJKURTQXKFKPI /CTVC1TQRG\CYKVJUWRRQTVJCUDGGPCDNGVQKFGPVKH[KTTGIWNCTKVKGUKPVJGKPXGUVKICVKQP(QTGZCORNGVYQ [GCTUCHVGTVJGGXGPVUVJG2WDNKE2TQUGEWVQT U1HƂEGJCU[GVVQNQECVGKORQTVCPVRJ[UKECNGXKFGPEGUWEJ CUVJGRTQLGEVKNGGZVTCEVGFHTQO0GNUQP UDQF[0QQHƂEKCNKUDGKPIHQTOCNN[KPXGUVKICVGFKPEQPPGEVKQP with Nelson's death. Despite the obstacles, Marta Oropeza remains determined: "I want justice. 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WAITING FOR JUSTICE: THE STRUGGLE AGAINST IMPUNITY AND FOR REPARATION 6JGHCKNWTGVQKPXGUVKICVGRTQUGEWVGCPFRWPKUJVJQUGTGURQPUKDNGHQTIWPXKQNGPEGCPFJQOKEKFGUJCUETGCVGF CENKOCVGQHKORWPKV[KP8GPG\WGNC#EEQTFKPIVQVJG)NQDCN+ORWPKV[+PFGZEQORKNGFD[VJG%GPVGTQH5VWFKGU QP+ORWPKV[CPF,WUVKEG %GPVTQFG'UVWFKQUUQDTG+ORWPKFCF[,WUVKEKC%'5+, 8GPG\WGNCTCPMGFUKZVJKP VJGKPFGZQHEQWPVTKGUYKVJVJGJKIJGUVKORWPKV[HQTVJGRGTKQFYKVJCUEQTGQH*QYGXGTKV UJQWNFDGPQVGFVJCVVJKUƂIWTGFQGUPQVTGƃGEVTGCNKV[DGECWUGITCXGUJQTVEQOKPIUCPFQWVUVCPFKPIUVCVKUVKECN KPHQTOCVKQP OGCP VJCV VJG NGXGNU QH XKQNGPEG KPUVKVWVKQPCN ETKUKU QT JWOCP TKIJVU XKQNCVKQPU OC[ PQV DG CFGSWCVGN[TGƃ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Ƃ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ƂNGU+)+AGPI +PUKIJV %TKOG p.[PEJKPIU ,WOR KP 8GPG\WGNC KP q ,CPWCT[ CXCKNCDNG CV YYYKPUKIJVETKOGQTIPGYUCPCN[UKUN[P EJKPIULWORRGTEGPVXGPG\WGNC #PCN[UKURTGUGPVGFKPVJG+PVGT#OGTKECP%QOOKUUKQPQP*WOCP4KIJVU5KVWCVKQPQH*WOCP4KIJVUKP8GPG\WGNC%JCRVGT 5QEKCN2TQVGUVCPF (TGGFQOQH'ZRTGUUKQP&GEGODGTR +PFGZ 1'#5GT.8++ DCUGFQP188p+ORWPKFCFCNECP\CCFGETÉOGPGUEQPVTC NQU&&**GP8GPG\WGNCUGIÖP%QHCXKEq=+ORWPKV[TGCEJGUHQTJWOCPTKIJVUETKOGUKP8GPG\WGNCCEEQTFKPIVQ%QHCXKE?1EVQDGT 5RCPKUJQPN[ 161+PVGT#OGTKECP%QWTVQH*WOCP4KIJVU%CUGQHVJG$CTTKQU(COKN[X8GPG\WGNC/GTKVU4GRCTCVKQPUCPF%QUVU,WFIOGPVQH0QXGODGT 5GTKGU%0Q THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 45 2TQEGFWTGYKVJKPVJG1RGTCVKQP.KDGTCVKQPQHVJG2GQRNGKP%QVC%CTCECU^© Amnesty International 2018^#NGZCPFTC$NCPEQ 0QQHƂEKCNJCUDGGPCTTGUVGFsFGURKVGVJCVHCEVVJCVCTTGUVYCTTCPVUYGTGKUUWGFsQTVTKGFKPEQPPGEVKQPYKVJ VJGECUGUKPENWFGFKPVJKUTGRQTVGXGPKPECUGUVJCVVQQMRNCEGƂXG[GCTUCIQ6JGTGNCVKXGUKPVGTXKGYGFVQNF #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJCVCNVJQWIJPQVJKPIECPDTKPIVJGKTNQXGFQPGUDCEMVQVJGOVJG[UVKNNJCXGJQRG QHQDVCKPKPILWUVKEGYJKEJWNVKOCVGN[OGCPUENCTKH[KPIYJCVTGCNN[JCRRGPGFCPFUGGKPIVJQUGYJQCTGIWKNV[ EQPXKEVGF +PEQPXGTUCVKQPUYKVJ#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCUJCUDGGPPQVGFKPVJGECUGUUGVQWVKPVJKUTGRQTV%1(#8+% JCUGZRTGUUGFKVUEQPEGTPCDQWVEGTVCKPRCVVGTPUVJCVUJQYJQYXKEVKOUQHGZVTCLWFKEKCNGZGEWVKQPUCTGFGPKGF LWUVKEG+PVJGƂTUVKPUVCPEGECUGUPQTOCNN[UVCIPCVGHQT[GCTUKPVJGKPKVKCNRJCUGQHKPXGUVKICVKQP6JGRTCEVKEG QHTGRGCVGFN[EJCPIKPIRTQUGEWVQTUCNUQETGCVGUFGNC[UKPVJGRTQEGUU5QOGTGNCVKXGUCTGRTGUUWTGFVQUKIP FQEWOGPVUVJCVKPETKOKPCVGVJGXKEVKOU+VKUCNUQEQOOQPHQTTGNCVKXGUVQTGEGKXGVJTGCVUCPFOKUVTGCVOGPV KPENWFKPIHTQORTQUGEWVQTUVQVT[VQOCMGVJGOCDCPFQPVJGKTUGCTEJHQTLWUVKEG5QOGVKOGURTQUGEWVQTU CUUWOGVJGRQNKEGXGTUKQPQHGXGPVUKUVTWGCPFUQFKUOKUUVJGVGUVKOQP[QHTGNCVKXGUCUJCRRGPGFKP)NQT[ 6QXCToUECUG THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 46 46 )NQT[6QXCT^© Amnesty International 2018^.CWTC4CPIGN +4#+5'&6*'/9+6*51/7%* “ %#4'10.;61*#8'6*'/-+..'& “ +0/;*1/' ).14;618#4 /16*'4#0ᮕ((174;170)2'12.' 9*19'4'-+..'*1/'&74+0)#01.2 On 18 May 2016, at 10 o'clock in the morning, Glory Tovar was at home cooking breakfast for her family in the Los Llanos neighbourhood QH5CP$GTPCTFKPQ%CTCECU*GTGNFGUVUQP[GCTQNF&CTYKPYCU KP VJG MKVEJGP %CTNQU ,CORKGT JGT [GCTQNF UQP JGT UQPU VYQ IKTNHTKGPFU JGT FCWIJVGT JGT PKPG[GCTQNF ITCPFUQP CPF JGT VYQ PGRJGYU;QJCPFTKCPF4QUYKNCIGFCPFTGURGEVKXGN[YGTG also in the house. Glory Tovar told Amnesty International that she saw four policemen were at the entrance and opened the door to them. They wore uniforms CPFJCFKFGPVKƂECVKQP6JGPYKVJQWVRTGUGPVKPICEQWTVQTFGTCDQWV QHƂEGTUGPVGTGF VJG[JCFPQKFGPVKƂECVKQPCPFVJGKTHCEGUYGTG covered. They started shouting and pushing the women and the child out of the house. They pointed a gun at the head of Glory's grandson while he was in the bath. &CTYKP %CTNQU ,CORKGT ;QJCPFTK CPF 4QUYKN YGTG VJG QPN[ QPGU who were left in the house. Outside, the women were surrounded by QHƂEGTU CPF YGTG PQV CNNQYGF VQ IQ DCEM KPUKFG #HVGT OKPWVGU VJG[DGICPVQJGCTIWPƂTG)NQT[6QXCToUFCWIJVGTCPFUKUVGTUCYVJG young men, who were already dead, being loaded into a van wrapped KPDNQQFUVCKPGFUJGGVU When the family returned home, they discovered that televisions, sound equipment, tablets, all the jackets and almost all of Darwin's shoes, watches, money, video games, computers, sugar, toothpaste, coffee, even passports had been stolen. According to the police CWVJQTKVKGUVJGHQWT[QWPIOGPFKGFKPCEQPHTQPVCVKQPYKVJQHƂEGTU However, to date, the investigation has failed to show that such a confrontation occurred. The young men died from gunshot wounds to the chest. Darwin was also shot in the neck. (QWT %+%2% QHƂEKCNU YGTG KFGPVKƂGF HQT KPXGUVKICVKQP HQT VJGKT involvement in the deaths of the young men. Glory Tovar said that after the prosecutor discovered that two of the young men were wanted by the courts, she rejected her version of the events and said that she would not continue with the proceedings. Glory Tovar and her NCY[GTUYGTGCDNGVQIGVCPQVJGTRTQUGEWVQT UQHƂEGVQVCMGQXGTVJG investigation. #VVJGVKOGQHYTKVKPIPQQHƂEKCNJCFDGGPCTTGUVGFHQTVJGFGCVJUQH Glory Tovar’s children and nephews, nor had her grandson been given psychological support. THIS6*+5+5019#;61.+8' IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 47 #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNYCUCDNGVQKFGPVKH[UGXGTCNRCVVGTPUVJCVETGCVGVJGEQPFKVKQPUHQUVGTKPIKORWPKV[ +POCP[ECUGUQHƂEKCNUQHDQFKGUTGURQPUKDNGHQTHQTGPUKEKPXGUVKICVKQPUCTGVJQUGYJQECTT[QWVVJGMKNNKPIU 1HƂEKCNUWPFGTKPXGUVKICVKQPCNYC[UTGOCKPQPCEVKXGFWV[ 6JGTG KU C UKIPKƂECPV FGNC[ D[ VJG %+%2% KP JCPFKPI QXGT MG[ FQEWOGPVCVKQP VJCV YQWNF GPCDNG VJG KPXGUVKICVKQPVQRTQITGUUCPFPQGHHGEVKXGTGURQPUGHTQORTQUGEWVQTU 5QOGTGNCVKXGUUCKFVJCVVJG[JCXGDGGPVQNFD[RTQUGEWVQTUVQNQQMHQTYKVPGUUGUCPFGXKFGPEGVJGOUGNXGU +PECUGUYJGTGCEEWUCVKQPUJCXGDGGPOCFGVJGKPXGUVKICVKQPUVCIPCVGUCPFVJGECUGUGNFQOTGCEJGUVTKCN UQVJCVVJGKFGPVKƂECVKQPQHVJQUGTGURQPUKDNGFQGUPQVVTCPUNCVGKPVQQDVCKPKPILWUVKEG 4GNCVKXGUCPFVJGKTNCY[GTUFQPQVJCXGCEEGUUVQECUGƂNGUQTUQOGMG[FQEWOGPVCVKQPGKVJGTDGECWUG RTQUGEWVQTUFQPQVKUUWGEQRKGUKPCVKOGN[OCPPGTQTDGECWUGVJGTGNCVKXGUFQPQVJCXGVJGTGUQWTEGUVQ RC[HQTVJGOVJGO TGNCVKXGUJCXGVQRC[HQTEQRKGUYJKEJCUQH/C[EQUVCNOQUVVJGOQPVJN[OKPKOWO YCIG162 +PCFFKVKQPVQFGVGTOKPKPIETKOKPCNTGURQPUKDKNKV[VJGUVCVGJCUCPQDNKICVKQPVQKPHQTONKUVGPVQFGHGPFCPF RTQVGEVVJGXKEVKOUQHRQUUKDNGCVVCEMUVJTQWIJVYQMG[KPUVKVWVKQPU VJG1ODWFUOCP U1HƂEGCPFVJG2WDNKE 2TQUGEWVQT U1HƂEG163 #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNCEMPQYNGFIGUVJGKPKVKCVKXGUWPFGTVCMGPVQQHHGTRTQVGEVKQP VJG.CYHQTVJG2TQVGEVKQPQH 8KEVKOU9KVPGUUGUCPF1VJGTU+PXQNXGFKP%QWTV2TQEGGFKPIU .G[FG2TQVGEEKÏPCNCU8ÉEVKOCU6GUVKIQU[1VTQU 5WLGVQU2TQEGUCNGU VJGETGCVKQPQHVJG0CVKQPCN%QQTFKPCVKPI$QF[HQTVJG2TQVGEVKQPQH8KEVKOU %QQTFKPCEKÏP 0CEKQPCN FG 2TQVGEEKÏP C NC 8ÉEVKOC YJKEJ TWPU C RTQITCOOG QH UGETGV UCHG JQWUGU VJG 5RGEKCN 2QNKEG $TKICFGU $TKICFCU2QNKEKCNGU'URGEKCNGU VJG8KEVKO#UUKUVCPEG7PKVU 5KUVGOCFG#VGPEKÏPCNCU8ÉEVKOCU CVVCEJGFVQVJG2WDNKE2TQUGEWVQT U1HƂEGCPFVJG1ODWFUOCP U1HƂEG CPFVJG2WDNKE2TQUGEWVQT U1HƂEG U 5[UVGOVQ5WRRQTV8KEVKOU 5KUVGOCFG#VGPEKÏPCNCU8ÉEVKOCU CUYGNNCU6GEJPKECN7PKVUURGEKCNK\KPIKP IGPFGTEJKNFTGPCPFCFQNGUEGPVU*QYGXGTCUVJGUVCVGOGPVUICVJGTGFD[#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNUJQYVJGTG CTGUKIPKƂECPVƃCYUKPVJGYC[RTQVGEVKQPOGCUWTGUCTGITCPVGF 6JGECUGQH&CTYKNUQP5GSWGTCKNNWUVTCVGUVJKU CVVJGVKOGQHYTKVKPIVJGRTQVGEVKQPOGCUWTGUTGSWGUVGFD[JKU HCOKN[DGHQTGCPFCHVGTJKUFGCVJJCFPQVDGGPITCPVGF+PCFFKVKQPVJGHCOKN[ UCNNGICVKQPUQHGZVQTVKQPJCXG PQVDGGPRTQRGTN[CFFTGUUGF 162#EEQTFKPIVQTGNCVKXGUGCEJUJGGVEQUVDQNKXCTU CUQHVJGDGIKPPKPIQH/C[ +HCƂNGEQPVCKPUCVNGCUVRCIGUCEQR[YQWNFEQUV CTQWPFOKNNKQPDQNKXCTU6JGOQPVJN[OKPKOWOYCIGKP/C[YCUDQNKXCTU 163#TVKENGQHVJG1TICPKE%QFGQH%TKOKPCN2TQEGFWTG THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 48 #4#%'.+550%*'< 6*'/16*'41(1+.5105'37'4# 9*1&+'*+5*1/'#66*'*#0&51(1((+%+#.5 &CTYKNUQP5GSWGTC5½PEJG\YCU[GCTUQNFCPFNKXGFYKVJJKURCTGPVUDTQVJGTCPF[GCTQNFUKUVGTKP.QU ,CTFKPGUFGN8CNNG%CTCECU#EEQTFKPIVQ#TCEGNKU5½PEJG\&CTYKNUQP UOQVJGTQP#RTKN%+%2% QHƂEKCNUTCKFGFJGTJQWUGYKVJQWVRTGUGPVKPICEQWTVQTFGT5JGƂNGFCEQORNCKPVHQTDTGCMKPICPFGPVGTKPI and also requested protection. #TCEGNKU5½PEJG\VQNF#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJCVQP/C[CPWODGTQHQHƂEKCNUECOGVQVJG5GSWGTC 5½PEJG\HCOKN[JQOGCICKP6JKUVKOGVJG[DGCV&CTYKNUQPCDQWVVJGJGCFCPFTKDU5JGCICKPYGPVVQVJG 2WDNKE2TQUGEWVQToUQHƂEGVQTGRQTVVJKU1P/C[VJGQHƂEKCNUTGVWTPGFVQVJG5GSWGTC5½PEJG\ JQWUG #EEQTFKPIVQ#TCEGNKU5½PEJG\VJG%+%2%EQPVKPWGFVQJCTCUUVJGOHQTOQPVJU #TCEGNKU5½PEJG\FGUETKDGFVQ#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNJQYUJGJCFTGEGKXGFECNNUHTQORGQRNGVJTGCVGPKPIVQ incriminate her son in a crime if the family did not pay 40,000 bolivars (approximately 16 times the monthly minimum wage at the time). They sold belongings and paid the money. However, the calls did not stop. #TCEGNKU5½PEJG\ƂNGFCUGEQPFEQORNCKPVVJKUVKOGHQTGZVQTVKQP 1P,WPGCVCOVJG5GSWGTC5½PEJG\HCOKN[YGTGCVJQOGCUNGGRYJGP%+%2%QHƂEKCNUDTQMG into the house. "There were about 30 policemen, some got up onto the roof of the house; they climbed up the NCORRQUVCPFUCKFVJG[ FDTGCMFQYPVJGFQQTKH+FKFP VQRGPWR#TCEGNKU5½PEJG\UCKF&CTYKNUQP5GSWGTC CPFJKU[QWPIGTUKUVGTYGPVWRQPVQVJGNQYGTEQPETGVGTQQHQHVJGJQWUGYJGTGQHƂEGTUECWIJVVJGO6JG [QWPIIKTNUCYVJGOUJQQVJGTDTQVJGTCPF#TCEGNKU5½PEJG\JGCTFVJGOVCMGJKOCYC[UETGCOKPIKPRCKP The next time they saw him was at the Doctor Leopoldo Manrique Terrero Hospital (known as the Coche *QURKVCN *GYCUFGCF#TCEGNKU5½PEJG\YGPVKOOGFKCVGN[VQVJGUCOGRTQUGEWVQTYJGTGUJGJCFNQFIGF the previous complaints. She told Amnesty International that the prosecutor replied that she could have taken Darwilson home to protect him. 6JGVJTGCVUCPFJCTCUUOGPVCICKPUVVJG5GSWGTC5½PEJG\HCOKN[EQPVKPWGFCPF#TCEGNKU5½PEJG\EQPVKPWGF to request protection measures. 5JGQDVCKPGFCEEGUUVQVJGECUGƂNGGKIJVOQPVJUNCVGTCPFTGCFVJCVCEEQTFKPIVQVJGRQNKEG&CTYKNUQPJCF FKGFHQNNQYKPICEQPHTQPVCVKQPYKVJQHƂEGTU*QYGXGTVJGKPXGUVKICVKQPUJCXGPQVHQWPFUWHƂEKGPVGXKFGPEG that such a confrontation occurred. #UQH/CTEJƂXG[GCTUCHVGT&CTYKNUQP UFGCVJPQPGQHVJGQHƂEKCNUPCOGFKPVJGKPXGUVKICVKQPJCFDGGP arrested in connection with his killing; one of those named was also implicated in another case detailed in this report. The protection measures requested were never processed and no progress has been made and no QPGJCUDGGPEJCTIGFKPEQPPGEVKQPYKVJVJGCNNGIGFDTGCMKPICPFGPVGTKPICVVJGHCOKN[JQOG%1(#8+%CPF #TCEGNKU5½PEJG\VQNF#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJCVƂXG[GCTUNCVGTVJG[FQPQVJCXGCEEGUUVQVJGECUGƂNGCPF the prosecutor has stated that the information could not be located because new procedures and practices had been put in place. &GURKVGVJGFKHƂEWNVKGU#TCEGNKU5½PEJG\KUHWNN[EQOOKVVGFVQRWUJKPIHQTCPKPXGUVKICVKQPKPVQJGTUQP U MKNNKPI5JGEQPVKPWGUJGTƂIJVHQTLWUVKEG +HCNNFQYPDWV+IGVWRCICKP#UCTGUWNVQHJGTFGVGTOKPCVKQP CPFYKVJVJGUWRRQTVQH%1(#8+%UJGJCUOCPCIGFVQQTICPK\GQVJGTTGNCVKXGUQHRGQRNGMKNNGFD[QHƂEKCNU 6JG[UGVWRVJG1TICPK\CVKQPQH4GNCVKXGUQH8KEVKOUQH*WOCP4KIJVU8KQNCVKQPU 1TICPK\CEKÏPFG(COKNKCTGU 8ÉEVKOCUFG8KQNCEKQPGUFG>GEJQU*WOCPQU1THCXKFGJ YJKEJDTKPIUVQIGVJGTRGQRNGYJQCTGUGGMKPI LWUVKEGHQTVJGFGCVJUQH[QWPIRGQRNGCVVJGJCPFUQHQHƂEKCNU164 6QNGCTPOQTGCDQWVVJGYQTMQH.KDTCFC5½PEJG\CPF1THCXKFGJUGG#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCN1THCXKFGJVTCDCLCRQTGORQFGTCTCNCUOCFTGUFGXÉEVK OCUFGGLGEWEKQPGUGZVTCLWFKEKCNGU=1THCXKFGJYQTMUVQGORQYGTOQVJGTUQHXKEVKOUQHGZVTCLWFKEKCNGZGEWVKQPU?#RTKNCXCKNCDNGCVYYY COPKUVKCQTIXGDNQIQTHCXKFGJGORQFGTCCOCFTGUFGXKEVKOCUFGGLGEWEKQPGUGZVTCLWFKEKCNGU 5RCPKUJQPN[ THIS6*+5+5019#;61.+8' IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 49 #TCEGNKU5½PEJG\^© Amnesty International 2018^.CWTC4CPIGN #(6'44#+&56*4'#65#0&':6146+10 “ 1+.5109#5':64#,7&+%+#..; “ ':'%76'&+0(41061(*+5(#/+.; THIS6*+5+5019#;61.+8' IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 50 #TCEGNKU5½PEJG\^© Amnesty International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ƂEGCPFVJG1ODWFUOCP U1HƂEG166#NVJQWIJVJGTGYCUC RTQRQUCNVQETGCVGC%QORGPUCVKQP(WPFHQTXKEVKOUQHXKQNGPVETKOGUCPFCRTQLGEVYCUKPKVKCVGFKPVJG/KPKUVT[ QH2GQRNG U2QYGTHQT+PVGTPCN#HHCKTU,WUVKEGCPF2GCEGVQETGCVGC0CVKQPCN8KEVKOU+PUVKVWVGVJGTGKUPQ GXKFGPEGKPVJGTGRQTVUCPFCEEQWPVUVJCVVJGUGDQFKGUJCXGDGGPETGCVGF 0QPG QH VJG XKEVKOU KPVGTXKGYGF HQT VJKU TGRQTV JCF TGEGKXGF EQORTGJGPUKXG TGRCTCVKQP KPENWFKPI ƂPCPEKCN EQORGPUCVKQP CPF RU[EJQNQIKECN CUUKUVCPEG 4GNCVKXGU GZRGTKGPEG NQPIVGTO GEQPQOKE GHHGEVU HQNNQYKPI VJG MKNNKPIQHCHCOKN[OGODGT+PVJGECUGQHOQVJGTUOCP[CTGJQWUGYKXGUFQPQVJCXGHQTOCNGORNQ[OGPVCTG WPGORNQ[GFDGECWUGQHVJGGEQPQOKEETKUKUYQTMKPVJGKPHQTOCNUGEVQT JQOGDWUKPGUUGUUVTGGVXGPFQTUQT FQOGUVKELQDU QTGCTPVJGOKPKOWOYCIGCPFFQPQVJCXGUWHƂEKGPVKPEQOGVQUWRRQTVVJGKTHCOKNKGUIn the ECUGUFQEWOGPVGFD[#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJGOCLQTKV[QHVJGXKEVKOUJGNRGFUWRRQTVVJGHCOKN[ƂPCPEKCNN[ UQOGYGTGUVWFGPVUYJQCNUQYQTMGFQVJGTUYGTGVCZKFTKXGTUOGEJCPKEULCPKVQTUQTFTKXGTU6JGNQUUQHCTGNCVKXG DGEQOGUOQTGUKIPKƂECPVKPVJGEWTTGPVEQPVGZVQHCUGTKQWUGEQPQOKEETKUKUKPYJKEJJ[RGTKPƃCVKQPCPFUJQTVCIGU QHHQQFCPFOGFKEKPGURCTVKEWNCTN[CHHGEVVJQUGKPVJGOQUVXWNPGTCDNGCPFUQEKCNN[GZENWFGFEQOOWPKVKGU +PVGT#OGTKECP%QWTVQH*WOCP4KIJVU%CUGQHVJG$CTTKQU(COKN[X8GPG\WGNC/QPKVQTKPI%QORNKCPEGYKVJ,WFIOGPV5GRVGODGTCXCK NCDNGCV YYYEQTVGKFJQTETFQEUUWRGTXKUKQPGUDCTTKQUAAARFH 5RCPKUJQPN[ +PVGT#OGTKECP%QWTVQH*WOCP4KIJVU%CUGQHVJG$CTTKQU (COKN[X8GPG\WGNC5GTKGU%0Q0QXGODGTCXCKNCDNGCV YYYEQTVGKFJQTETFQEUECUQUCTVKEWNQUUGTKGEAAKPIRFH +PVGT#OGTKECP %QWTVQH*WOCP4KIJVU%CUGQHVJG$CTTKQU(COKN[X8GPG\WGNC/QPKVQTKPI%QORNKCPEGYKVJ,WFIOGPV5GRVGODGTCXCKNCDNGCV YYY EQTVGKFJQTETFQEUUWRGTXKUKQPGUDCTTKQUAAARFH KP5RCPKUJQPN[ 166#TVKENGQHVJG%QPUVKVWVKQPQHVJG$QNKXCTKCP4GRWDNKEQH8GPG\WGNC #TVKENGUQHVJG1TICPKE%QFGQH%TKOKPCN2TQEGFWTG 6JKUCNUQEQPEWTUYKVJVJGƂPFKPIUQH%1(#8+%'LGEWEKQPGUGZVTCLWFKEKCNGUJKUVQTKCUFGXKFCUKIPQTCFCU='ZVTCLWFK EKCNGZGEWVKQPUUVQTKGUQHNKXGUKIPQTGF?R 5RCPKUJQPN[ THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 51 )NQT[6QXCT^© Amnesty International 2018^.CWTC4CPIGN #ECUGVJCVENGCTN[KNNWUVTCVGUVJKUKUVJCVQH,GPPKHGT4QVWPFQYJQNKXGUKP.QU8CNNGUFGN6W[KP/KTCPFCUVCVG EGPVTCNPQTVJGTPRCTVQHVJGEQWPVT[ *GTQPN[UQP.WKUPIGNQ/CTVÉPG\4QVWPFQsC[GCTQNFHCVJGTQH CƂXG[GCTQNFDQ[CPCFXGTVKUKPIUVWFGPVCPFCOQVQTVCZKFTKXGTsFKGFQP,WN[CHVGTDGKPIUJQV TGRQTVGFN[D[%+%2%QHƂEKCNU,GPPKHGTJCUPQVDGGPCDNGVQCEEGUUVJGECUGƂNGDGECWUGUJGFQGUPQVJCXG VJGOQPG[VQQDVCKPEQRKGU5JGVQNF#OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJCVUJGJCFHCNNGPKNNCPF.WKUYCUJGNRKPIJGT ƂPCPEKCNN[VQIGVJGTOGFKECVKQP+PCFFKVKQPFWGVQVJGGEQPQOKEETKUKUKPVJGEQWPVT[VJGJCTFYCTGUVQTG YJGTGUJGYQTMGFJCFVQENQUGCPFUJGYCUNGHVYKVJQWVCLQD JGTUQP UHWPGTCNGZRGPUGUYGTGCJWIGƂPCPEKCN DWTFGPHQTJGT 5VCVGOGPVUHTQOTGNCVKXGUJKIJNKIJVVJGKORCEVQHXKQNGPEGDQVJQPKPFKXKFWCNUCPFCVVJGKPUVKVWVKQPCNNGXGNKP CYC[VJCVUVCVKUVKEUECPPQV8GPG\WGNCKUPQVQPN[QPGQHVJGOQUVXKQNGPVEQWPVTKGUKVKUCNUQCUCTGUWNVQPG YKVJVJGOQUVXKEVKOU6CMKPIKPVQCEEQWPVVJCVHQTGCEJRGTUQPYJQKUMKNNGFKPCTOGFXKQNGPEGDGVYGGPVJTGG CPFHQWTUWTXKXGCPFKHVJCVKPCNQPGRGQRNGYGTGXKEVKOUQHJQOKEKFGUVJGPWODGTQHXKEVKOU QHCTOGFXKQNGPEGKPVJGEQWPVT[VJCV[GCTYCUDGVYGGPCPF #OPGUV[ +PVGTPCVKQPCN DGNKGXGU VJCV 8GPG\WGNC JCU CP QDNKICVKQP VQ KOOGFKCVGN[ CPF WTIGPVN[ CFFTGUU VJG UKVWCVKQPQHVJGXKEVKOUQHXKQNGPEGCPFQHVJGUGEWTKV[HQTEGU4GRCTCVKQPHQTXKEVKOUDQVJKPVGTOUQHQDVCKPKPI RTQORVCPFKORCTVKCNLWUVKEGCUYGNNCUEQORGPUCVKQPHQTVJGNQUUVJG[JCXGUWHHGTGFCPFVJGFCOCIGECWUGF UJQWNFDGCRTKQTKV[ #U GZRNCKPGF CDQXG #OPGUV[ +PVGTPCVKQPCN JCU DGGP CDNG VQ EQPƂTO VJCV VJG RTKOCT[ XKEVKOU QH XKQNGPEG CPFVJGCDWUKXGWUGQHHQTEGCTG[QWPIOGPNKXKPIKPRQXGTV[4GRCTCVKQPHQTJWOCPTKIJVUXKQNCVKQPUCPFVJG RWPKUJOGPVQHVJQUGTGURQPUKDNGCTGVJGQPN[YC[VJCVVJGUVCVGECPTGFWEGDQVJVJGTKUMQHITGCVGTUQEKCN GZENWUKQPCPFTGXKEVKOK\CVKQPQHVJGVJQWUCPFUQHHCOKNKGUVJCVJCXGDGGPCHHGEVGF #EEQTFKPIVQTGNCVKXGUKPVJGƂTUVYGGMQH/C[VJGHWPGTCNGZRGPUGUYGTGCTQWPFOKNNKQPDQNKXCTU CVVJCVVKOGVJGOQPVJN[OKPKOWOYCIG YCUDQNKXCTU THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 52 THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA © 2018 Amnesty International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ƃCYUKPIQXGTPOGPVRQNKEKGUKUGZVTGOGN[EQPEGTPGFCVVJGCWVJQTKVKGU UWRRQTVHQTVJG KPVGPVKQPCNN[NGVJCNWUGQHHQTEGCPFGZVTCLWFKEKCNGZGEWVKQPUVCTIGVKPIOQUVN[[QWPIOGPNKXKPIKPRQXGTV[5WEJ CEVKQPUUVGOHTQOCPCRRTQCEJYJKEJUGGUVJGUG[QWPIOGPD[XKTVWGQHVJGKTUQEKCNRTQƂNGCUETKOKPCNUCPF UWDUGSWGPVN[RQTVTC[UVJGOCUKPVGTPCNGPGOKGUVQDGGTCFKECVGF+PVJGEQPVGZVQHRWDNKEQTFGTQRGTCVKQPUCPF NCYGPHQTEGOGPVVJGCWVJQTKVKGUJCXGCPQDNKICVKQPVQIWCTCPVGGTGURGEVHQTVJGRJ[UKECNKPVGITKV[CPFNKHGQHCNN CPFYJGPCRRTQRTKCVGVQCTTGUVVJQUGUWURGEVGFQHEQOOKVVKPIETKOGUCPFDTGCEJKPIVJGNCY +VKUKORGTCVKXGVJCVVJGCWVJQTKVKGUKPEJCTIGQHRWDNKEUGEWTKV[TCFKECNN[EJCPIGVJGKTCRRTQCEJVQRWDNKEUGEWTKV[ #RQNKE[KUPGGFGFVJCVRWVUJWOCPTKIJVUCVVJGEGPVTGYKVJENGCTFGVGTTGPVCRRTQCEJGUGHHGEVKXGQXGTUKIJV OGEJCPKUOUCPFUWRRQTVHQTVJQUGNKXKPICUKVWCVKQPQHUQEKCNGZENWUKQPYJQCTGOQUVCVTKUMQHCDWUGU5VCVG RQNKE[OWUVCNUQKPENWFGCPGHHGEVKXGU[UVGOQHIWPEQPVTQNVJCVKUVTCPURCTGPVECPDGOQPKVQTGFD[EKXKNUQEKGV[ CPFVJCVIGPWKPGN[RTGXGPVUEQTTWRVKQPCPFYGCRQPUDGKPIFKXGTVGFDCEMKPVQEKTEWNCVKQP (KPCNN[TGUGCTEJHQTVJKUTGRQTVJCUTGXGCNGFVJGUGTKQWURTQDNGOQHKORWPKV[HQTITCXGJWOCPTKIJVUXKQNCVKQPUCPF VJGPGGFHQTGHHGEVKXGOGEJCPKUOUVQGPUWTGLWUVKEGCPFEQORTGJGPUKXGTGRCTCVKQP+PRCTVKEWNCTKVJCUDGEQOG GXKFGPVVJCVVJGUWTXKXKPIXKEVKOUQHXKQNGPEGYJQCTGQHVGPNGHVVQUJQWNFGTVJGDWTFGPQHRWTUWKPILWUVKEGCPF TGRCTCVKQPCTGVJGYQOGPENQUGVQVJGXKEVKOU6JKUOWUVDGCFFTGUUGFWTIGPVN[D[8GPG\WGNCCPF#OPGUV[ +PVGTPCVKQPCNDGNKGXGUKVKUGUUGPVKCNVJCVYQOGPCPFUWTXKXKPIXKEVKOUTGEGKXGRTQVGEVKQPDGECWUGQHVJGTKUMVJCV VJG[YKNNDGUWDLGEVGFVQITGCVGTUQEKCNGZENWUKQPCPFTGXKEVKOK\CVKQP THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 54 #OPGUV[+PVGTPCVKQPCNVJGTGHQTGECNNUQPVJG8GPG\WGNCPCWVJQTKVKGUVQCFQRVVJGHQNNQYKPITGEQOOGPFCVKQPU To the President of the Republic +UUWG C RWDNKE UVCVGOGPV EQPFGOPKPI VJG GZEGUUKXG QT WPPGEGUUCT[ WUG QH HQTEG KP VJG EQPVGZV QH RWDNKE UGEWTKV[QRGTCVKQPUKPRCTVKEWNCTGZVTCLWFKEKCNGZGEWVKQPUCPFVJGOKUVTGCVOGPVQHXKEVKOU HCOKNKGU /CMGCRWDNKEWPGSWKXQECNUVCVGOGPVVJCVVJGUGGXGPVUUJQWNFDGKPXGUVKICVGFRTQORVN[CPFKORCTVKCNN[CPF VJCVCNNQHƂEKCNUCVCNNNGXGNUYJQCTGUWURGEVGFQHJCXKPIEQOOKVVGFJWOCPTKIJVUXKQNCVKQPUOWUVDGDTQWIJV VQLWUVKEGKPHCKTVTKCNUDGHQTGQTFKPCT[EKXKNEQWTVU +OOGFKCVGN[ CPF WTIGPVN[ UVQR WUKPI VJG NCPIWCIG QH YCT CPF KUUWKPI UVCVGOGPVU VJCV RCKPV ETKOG CU CP KPVGTPCNGPGO[YJKEJUGGMVQNGIKVKOK\GVJGCDWUKXGWUGQHHQTEGD[VJGRQNKEGCPFOKNKVCT[ +ORNGOGPVWTIGPVN[CPCVKQPCNRTQITCOOGVQTGFWEGJQOKEKFGUVJCVKPENWFGUPCVKQPCNIQCNUHQTTGFWEKPIVJG PWODGTQHFGCVJUTGUWNVKPIHTQORQNKEGCEVKQPU 'HHGEVKXGN[KORNGOGPVCRQNKEKPIOQFGNVJCVKPENWFGUVJGTGIWNCVKQPQHVJGWUGQHHQTEGCPFƂTGCTOUCPFHWNN[ TGURGEVUVJGPQTOUCPFUVCPFCTFUQHKPVGTPCVKQPCNJWOCPTKIJVUNCY6JKUOQFGNOWUVCNUQGPUWTGGHHGEVKXG CPF UVTKEV CEEQWPVCDKNKV[ KP GCEJ ECUG QH NQUU QH NKHG KP NCY GPHQTEGOGPV QRGTCVKQPU KP CEEQTFCPEG YKVJ 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IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA 57 THIS IS NO WAY TO LIVE PUBLIC SECURITY AND RIGHT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO LIFE IN VENEZUELA © Amnesty International 2018 | Román Camacho www.amnesty.org