DOCSLIB.ORG

Us Military Intelligence Reports: China, 1911-1941

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Us Military Intelligence Reports: China, 1911-1941 U.S. MILITARY INTELLIGENE REPORTS: CHINA 1911-1941 U.S. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE REPORTS: CHINA, 1911-1941 Edited by Paul Kesaris Guide Compiled by Robert Lester A Microfilm Project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 44 North Market Street • Frederick, MD 21701 Copyright© 1983 by University Publications of America, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-89093^425-8. Note on Sources The selections used in this project are from the Military Intelligence Division Files: China. The record group is no. 165. The selections on reels 14 and 15 are from State Department records collected by the Military Intelligence Division. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page REEL INDEX 1-37 Reell 1 Reel II 4 Reel III 6 Reel IV 8 ReelV 10 Reel VI 12 Reel VII 16 Reel VIII 17 Reel IX 20 ReelX 22 Reel XI 24 Reel XII 25 Reel XIII 29 Reel XIV 31 Reel XV 34 SUBJECT INDEX 38 REEL INDEX REEL1 0001 Comments on Current Events, December 15-31, 1927. 6pp. 0007 Comments on Current Events. January 1-15. 1928. 6pp. 0013 Comments on Current Events, January 16-31, 1928. 7pp. 0020 Comments on Current Events, February 1-15, 1928. 8pp. 0029 Comments on Current Events, February 16-29. 1928. 7pp. 0036 Comments on Current Events. March 1-15, 1928. 7pp. 0046 Comments on Current Events, March 15-31, 1928. 8pp. 0054 Comments on Current Events, April 1-15, 1928. 12pp. 0066 Comments on Current Events, April 15-30, 1928. 12pp. 0078 Comments on Current Events, May, 1928. 8pp. 0086 Comments on Current Events, June. 1928. 13pp. 0099 Comments on Current Events, July, 1928. 14pp. 0113 Comments on Current Events, August 1-15, 1928. 12pp. 0125 Comments on Current Events. August 15-September I, 1928. 8pp. 0133 Comments on Current Events, September 15-30, 1928. 7pp. 0140 Comments on Current Events, September 1-15, 1928. 8pp. 0148 Comments on Current Events, October 1-15, 1928. 8pp. 0156 Comments on Current Events, October 15-31, 1928. 10pp. 0166 Comments on Current Events, November 1-15, 1928. 11pp. 0177 Comments on Current Events, November 15-30, 1928. 11pp. 0188 Comments on Current Events, December 1-15, 1928. 1 Ipp. 0199 Comments on Current Events, December 15. 1928-January 15. 1929. 15pp. 0214 Comments on Current Events, January 15-31, 1929. 8pp. 0222 Comments on Current Events, February 1-15, 1929. 10pp. 0232 Comments on Current Events, February 16-March 10, 1929. 10pp. 0243 Comments on Current Events, March 11-25, 1929. 9pp. 0252 Comments on Current Events, March 26-April 8. 14pp. 0266 Comments on Current Events, April 9-22, 1929. 11pp. 0277 Comments on Current Events, April 23-May 7, 1929. 1 Ipp. 0288 Comments on Current Events, May 8-May 20, 1929. 14pp. 0302 Comments on Current Events, May 21-June 3. 1929. 11pp. 0313 Comments on Current Events, June 3-17, 1929. 11pp. 0324 Comments on Current Events, June 18-July 15, 1929. 14pp. 0338 Comments on Current Events, July 16-August 12, 1929. 11pp. 0349 Comments on Current Events, August 13-September 9, 1929. 9pp. 0358 Comments on Current Events, September 24-October 7, 1929. 6pp. 0364 Comments on Current Events, September 10-23, 1929. 7pp. 0371 Comments on Current Events, October 8-21, 1929. 7pp. 0378 Comments on Current Events, October 22-November 4, 1929. 6pp. 0384 Comments on Current Events, November 4-18, 1929. 7pp. 0391 Comments on Current Events, November 19-December 4, 1929. 9pp. 0400 Comments on Current Events, December 5-17, 1929. 7pp. 0407 Comments on Current Events, January 1-13, 1930. 6pp. 0413 Comments on Current Events, December 18-31, 1929, 8pp. 0421 Comments on Current Events, January 14-February 15, 1930. 7pp. 0428 Comments on Current Events, February 16-March 9, 1930. 6pp. 0434 Comments on Current Events, March 9-23, 1930. 5pp. 0440 Comments on Current Events, March 24-April 6, 1930. 7pp. 0447 Comments on Current Events, April 7-20, 1930. 5pp. 0452 Comments on Current Events, April 21-May 4, 1930. 7pp. 0459 Comments on Current Events, May 5-18, 1930. 6pp. 0465 Comments on Current Events, May 19-June 2, 1930. 7pp. 0472 Comments on Current Events, June 3-14, 1930. 7pp. 0479 Comments on Current Events, June 17-July 1, 1930. 9pp. 0488 Comments on Current Events, July 1-14, 1930. 5pp. 0493 Comments on Current Events, July 15-August 11, 1930. 8pp. 0501 Comments on Current Events, August 12-25, 1930. 3pp. 0504 Comments on Current Events, August 26-September 10, 1930. 3pp. 0507 Comments on Current Events, September 11-24, 1930. 4pp. 0511 Comments on Current Events, September 24-October 8, 1930. 4pp. 0515 Comments on Current Events, October 9-22, 1930. 2pp. 0517 Comments on Current Events, October 23-November 5, 1930. Ip. 0518 Comments on Current Events, November 6-17, 1930. 6pp. 0524 Comments on Current Events, December 17-27, 1930. 2pp. 0526 Comments on Current Events, January 1-15, 1931. 4pp. 0530 Comments on Current Events, January 16-29, 1931. 5pp. 0535 Comments on Current Events, January 30-February 12, 1931. 5pp. 0540 Comments on Current Events, February 13-26, 1931. 3pp. 0543 Comments on Current Events, February 27-March 12, 1931. 4pp. 0547 Comments on Current Events, March 13-April 1, 1931. 4pp. 0551 Comments on Current Events, April 2-15, 1931. 3pp. 0555 Comments on Current Events, April 16-30, 1931. 5pp. 0560 Comments on Current Events, May 1-13, 1931. 9pp. 0569 Comments on Current Events, May 13-27, 1931. 6pp. 0575 Comments on Current Events, May 28-June 9, 1931. 8pp. 0583 Comments on Current Events, June 10-July 7, 1931. 8pp. 0591 Comments on Current Events, July 8-23, 1931. 4pp. 0595 Comments on Current Events, July 24-August 6, 1931. 4pp. 0599 Comments on Current Events, August 7-20, 1931. 3pp. 0602 Comments on Current Events, August 21 -September 2, 1931. 7pp. 0609 Comments on Current Events, September 3-29, 1931. 7pp. 0616 Comments on Current Events, September 30-October 13, 1931. 7pp. 0623 Comments on Current Events, October 14-28, 1931. 4pp. 0627 Comments on Current Events, October 29-November II, 1931. 5pp. 0632 Comments on Current Events, November 12-25, 1931. 6pp. 0638 Comments on Current Events, November 26-December 8, 1931. 6pp. 0644 Comments on Current Events, December 9-22, 1931. 7pp. 0650 Comments on Current Events, December 23, 1931-January 5, 1932. 8pp. 0657 Comments on Current Events, January 6-20, 1932. 5pp. 0662 Comments on Current Events, January l-February 2, 1932. 7pp. 0669 Comments on Current Events, February 3-16, 1932. 5pp. 0674 Comments on Current Events, February 17-March I, 1932. 7pp. 0681 Comments on Current Events, March 2-29, 1932. 11 pp. 0692 Comments on Current Events, March 30-April 26, 1932. 7pp. 0699 Comments on Current Events, April 27-May 24, 1932. 8pp. 0707 Comments on Current Events, May 25-June 21, 1932. 8pp. 0715 Comments on Current Events, June 22-July 20, 1932. 10pp. 0725 Comments on Current Events, July 21-August 17, 1932. 9pp. 0734 Comments on Current Events, August 18-September 14, 1932. 7pp. 0741 Comments on Current Events, September 15-October 12, 1932. 7pp. 0748 Comments on Current Events, October 13-November 9, 1932. 8pp. 0756 Comments on Current Events, November 10-23, 1932. 4pp. 0760 Comments on Current Events, November 24-December 8, 1932. 4pp. 0764 Comments on Current Events, December 9-22, 1932. 4pp. 0768 Comments on Current Events, December 23, 1932-January 5, 1933. 6pp. 0774 Comments on Current Events. January 6-20, 1933. 7pp. 0781 Comments on Current Events, January 21-February 3, 1933. 6pp. 0787 Comments on Current Events, February 3-17, 1933. 7pp. 0794 Comments on Current Events, February 17-March 3, 1933. 3pp. 0797 Comments on Current Events, March 3-17, 1933. 5pp. 0802 Comments on Current Events. March 17-30, 1933. 3pp. 0805 Comments on Current Events, March 31-April 13, 1933. 5pp. 0810 Comments on Current F.vents, April 14-26, 1933. 4pp. 0814 Comments on Current Events, April 27-May 17. 1933. 4pp. 0818 Comments on Current Events, May 17-June 1. 1933. 6pp. 0824 Comments on Current Events, June 2-22, 1933. 5pp. 0829 Comments on Current Events, June 22-July 17. 1933. 4pp. 0833 Comments on Current Events, July 7-20. 1933. 6pp. 0840 Comments on Current Events, July 20-August 10, 1933. 6pp. 0846 Comments on Current Events, August 10-24. 1933. 7pp. 0853 Comments on Current Events, August 25-September 7, 1933. 4pp. 0857 Comments on Current Events, September 8-21, 1933. 4pp. 0861 Comments on Current Events, September 22-October 6. 1933. 8pp. 0869 Comments on Current Events, October 6-26, 1933. 6pp. 0875 Comments on Current Events, October 26-November 9, 1933. 8pp. 0883 Comments on Current Events, November 9-23, 1933. 6pp. 0889 Comments on Current Events, November 23-December 7, 1933. 8pp. 0897 Comments on Current Events, December 7-21, 1933. 7pp. 0904 Comments on Current Events, December 21, 1933-January 4, 1934. 6pp. 0910 Comments on Current Events, January 4-18, 1934. 7pp. 0917 Comments on Current Events, January 19-February I, 1934. 8pp. REEL II 0001 Comments on Current Events, February 2-15, 1934. 6pp. 0007 Comments on Current Events, February 16-March 1, 1934. 6pp. 0013 Comments on Current Events, March 2-15, 1934. 8pp. 0021 Comments on Current Events, March 16-29, 1934. 8pp. 0029 Comments on Current Events, March 30-April 12, 1934. 9pp. 0038 Comments on Current Events, April 13-26, 1934. 8pp. 0046 Comments on Current Events, April 27-May 11, 1934. 5pp. 0051 Comments on Current Events, May 12-25, 1934.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Naval Warfare and the Refraction of Qing 19Th Century Industrial Reforms Into Failure
    Naval Warfare and the Refraction of China's Self-Strengthening Reforms into Scientific and Technological Failure, 1860-1895 Benjamin A. Elman UCLA, History Department For presentation at the conference "The Disunity of Chinese Science" Organized by Roger Hart (University of Texas, Austin) Sponsored by the History of Science Program at the University of Chicago, May 1-12, 2002. Please do not cite without the permission of the author. The Scope and Scale of the Foreign Affairs Movement In the 1950s and 1960s, Western and Japanese scholarship on the post-Taiping Rebellion (1850-64) era debated the success or failure of the 1865-1900 schools and arsenals in a mod- ernizing Qing China. American scholars such as Mary Wright contended that the imperial system and its classical ideology, which she labeled Confucian, were incompatible. The Taiwanese scholar Wang Ermin _ º¸ ±Ó subsequently challenged Wright's claim that classical learning and modernization were incompatible. In his study of modern Chinese naval development, John Rawlinson contended that traditional institutions based on classical ideology gave the Tongzhi Restoration (1862-74) and the "Foreign Affairs Movement" (Yangwu yundong ¬v °È _B °Ê) its essential character and limited its achievements. Rawlinson concluded that the Qing failure to develop a national navy yielded a number of competing provincial squadrons based on weak im- perial institutions and strong regional loyalties.1 Others such as Thomas Kennedy have assessed both the external and internal forces that influenced the efficacy of the Foreign Affairs Movement and its programs. According to Ken- nedy, China's modern ordnance industry was an institutional innovation that ushered in new era of mass production.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on the Protection and Renewal of Industrial Heritage In
    Advances in Engineering Research (AER), volume 143 6th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2017) Research on the protection and renewal of industrial heritage in Wuhan against the backdrop of rapid urbanization Hong Xu1, 2,a, Yan Long1,2,b 1College of Urban Construction,Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China 2 Institute of Smart City and Intelligent Urban-rural development,Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: industrial heritage;protection;renewal;rapid urbanization Abstract. This paper analyzes the development and present situation of industrial heritage in Wuhan, and sums up the methods of renovation and renewal of industrial heritage in Wuhan. The prospects for the development of industrial heritage conservation are also prospected, and suggestions for the protection and renewal of industrial heritage are put forward. Introduction China is now in a special historical period from the industrialized society to the backward industrialized society. At the same time, China is now in a stage of rapid urbanization. The rapid development of urbanization has brought about the rapid expansion of urban scale.In the process of rapid urban expansion, the expansion of urban scale requires more urban construction land, while the city itself is limited in land resources, which makes the development of the city must face the problem of urban renewal.In the urban renewal, due to the upgrading and transformation of the industrial structure, a large number
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Chicago Manchurian Atlas
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MANCHURIAN ATLAS: COMPETITIVE GEOPOLITICS, PLANNED INDUSTRIALIZATION, AND THE RISE OF HEAVY INDUSTRIAL STATE IN NORTHEAST CHINA, 1918-1954 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY HAI ZHAO CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2015 For My Parents, Zhao Huisheng and Li Hong ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It has been an odyssey for me. The University of Chicago has become both a source of my intellectual curiosity and a ladder I had to overcome. Fortunately, I have always enjoyed great help and support throughout the challenging journey. I cannot express enough thanks to my academic advisors—Professor Bruce Cumings, Professor Prasenjit Duara, and Professor Guy Alitto—for their dedicated teaching, inspiring guidance and continued encouragement. I have also benefited immensely, during various stages of my dissertation, from the discussions with and comments from Professor Salim Yaqub, Professor James Hevia, Professor Kenneth Pomeranz, and Professor Jacob Eyferth. Professor Dali Yang of Political Sciences and Professor Dingxin Zhao of Sociology provided valuable insights and critiques after my presentation at the East Asia Workshop. My sincere thanks also goes to Professor Shen Zhihua at the East China Normal University who initiated my historical inquiry. I am deeply indebted to my friends and colleagues without whom it would not have been possible to complete this work: Stephen Halsey, Paul Mariani, Grace Chae, Suzy Wang, Scott Relyea, Limin Teh, Nianshen Song, Covell Meyskens, Ling Zhang, Taeju Kim, Chengpang Lee, Guo Quan Seng, Geng Tian, Yang Zhang, and Noriko Yamaguchi.
    [Show full text]
  • Versus "Chinese Science"
    “Universal Science ” Versus “Chinese Science ”: The Changing Identity of Natural Studies in China, 1850-1930 Benjamin A. Elman Professor of East Asian Studies & History, Princeton University Keywords: China, science, religion, industry, history. Abstract: This article is about the contested nature of “science” in “modern” China. The struggle over the meaning and significance of the specific types of natural studies brought by Protestants (1842-1895) occurred in a historical context in which natural studies in late imperial China were until 1900 part of a nativist imperial and literati project to master and control Western views on what constituted legitimate natural knowledge. After the industrial revolution in Europe, a weakened Qing government and its increasingly concerned Han Chinese and Manchu elites turned to “Western” models of science, medicine, and technology, which were disguised under the traditional terminology for natural studies. In the aftermath of the 1894-95 Sino-Japanese War, Chinese reformers, radicals, and revolutionaries turned to Japanese and Western science as an intellectual weapon to destroy the perceived backwardness of China. Until 1900, the Chinese had interpreted the transition from “Chinese science” to modern, universal scientific knowledge – and its new modes of industrial power – on their own terms. After 1900, the teleology of a universal and progressive “science” first invented in Europe replaced the Chinese notion that Western natural studies had their origins in ancient China, but © Koninklijke Brill NV. Leiden 2003 Historiography East & West 1:1 2 Elman : “Universal Science ” Versus “Chinese Science ” (abstract) this development was also challenged in the aftermath of World War One during the 1923 debate over “Science and the Philosophy of Life.
    [Show full text]
  • The Northern Expedition Ii
    The Northern Expedition ii THE NORTHERN EXPEDITION CHINA’S NATIONAL REVOLUTION OF 1926–1928 DONALD A. JORDAN The University Press of Hawaii Honolulu Open Access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 In- ternational (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non-commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require per- mission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Cre- ative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824880866 (PDF) 9780824880873 (EPUB) This version created: 17 May, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. Copyright © 1976 by The University Press of Hawaii All rights reserved. Contents Maps viii Preface ix Acknowledgments xiv Abbreviations xv PART 1. The Revolutionary Base 1 1. Building the Model 3 2. Human Resources 14 3. The KMT Military: Party Army, Confederation, or Hegemony? 25 4. Centralization of Canton’s Power 32 5. Breaches in the Revolutionary Base 40 6. Mending the United Front in Kwangtung 48 7. The Simmering Revolutionary Movement at Canton 58 8. The Promotion of the Northern Expedition 64 PART 2. The Military Conquest of Warlord China 75 9. The Launch into Hunan 77 10. The Expedition Moves Eastward: The Kiangsi Campaign 96 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Naval Warfare and the Refraction of China's Self-Strengthening Reforms
    Modern Asian Studies 38, 2 (2004), pp. 283–326. 2004 Cambridge University Press DOI:10.1017/S0026749X04001088 Printed in the United Kingdom Naval Warfare and the Refraction of China’s Self-Strengthening Reforms into Scientific and Technological Failure, 1865–18951 BENJAMIN A. ELMAN Princeton University In the 1950s and 1960s, Chinese, Western, and Japanese scholarship debated the success or failure of the government schools and regional arsenals established between 1865 and 1895 to reform Qing China (1644–1911). For example, Quan Hansheng contended in 1954 that the Qing failure to industrialize after the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64) was the major reason why China lacked modern weapons during the Sino-Japanese War.2 This position has been built on in recent reassessments of the ‘Foreign Affairs Movement’ (Yangwu yundong) and Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95 ( Jiawu zhanzheng) by Chinese scholars. They argue, with some dissent, that the inadequacies of the late Qing Chinese navy and army were due to poor armaments, insufficient training, lack of leadership, vested interests, lack of funding, and low morale. In aggregate, these factors are thought to demonstrate the inadequacies of the ‘Self- Strengthening era’ and its industrial programs.3 1 An earlier version was presented at the conference ‘The Disunity of Chinese Science,’ organized by Roger Hart (University of Texas, Austin), sponsored by the History of Science Program at the University of Chicago, May 10–12, 2002.My thanks to an anonymous reader who suggested parts to expand and who also dir- ected me to important recent work on the topic. 2 Quan Hansheng, ‘Jiawu zhanzhen yiqian de Zhongguo gongyehua yundong,’ Lishi yuyan yanjiusuo jikan 25, 1 (1954): 77–8.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Encounters with Foreign Ideas in the Self-Strengthening Movement (1861-1895)
    Chinese Encounters with Foreign Ideas in the Self-Strengthening Movement (1861-1895) A paper prepared for: American Association of Chinese Studies Conference Oct. 13-14, 2012, Atlanta Daniel C. Palm, Ph.D. Dept. of History and Political Science Azusa Pacific University Azusa, CA 91702-7000 [email protected] (Do not copy or cite without permission) 1 Introduction Any consideration of China, whether by Chinese or Western writers, invariably begins with reference to China’s long history, and Chinese national security questions are no exception. A comprehensive review of 4000 years of Chinese security would no doubt focus on the pressures emanating from the Chinese periphery, from Tibetan populations to the West, Mongol and Uyghur populations to the Northwest and Manchus to the North, Burmese and Vietnamese in the South, alongside the ongoing potential for regional conflicts, often connected to internal rebellion or civil war. Modern scholars of Chinese national security questions would do well to offer attention to a hundred-year period that marked a truly pivotal moment within that 4000-year span. The nineteenth century marks a significant turning point in the history of Chinese security, requiring as it does serious attention to the regime’s dealings with the great powers of Europe, the United States, and Japan. The Qing Dynasty, in control, more or less, of the Empire since 1644, found itself at mid-century unable to avoid dealing with the foreign barbarians, and requiring wholesale reconsideration of its economic, diplomatic and military policies and procedures.1 The effort to bring change to these areas and modernize Chinese armed forces in particular is remembered as the Self-Strengthening Movement (洋務運動).
    [Show full text]
  • Reappraising Zhang Zhidong: Forgotten Continuities During China’S Self-Strengthening, 1884-1901
    Journal of Chinese Military History 6 (2017) 157-192 brill.com/jcmh Reappraising Zhang Zhidong: Forgotten Continuities During China’s Self-Strengthening, 1884-1901 Adam Chang Captain, United States Army [email protected] Abstract The recent historiography of China’s late nineteenth-century Self-Strengthening move- ment emphasizes the successes in Chinese state building. My research expands upon this trend through the perspective of the prominent governor-general Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 (1837-1909) and his military reforms. From 1884 to 1901, Zhang consistently pur- sued the creation of new military academies and western-style armies with the aim of providing an army capable of defending China. At the turn of the century, Zhang’s military apparatus was arguably one of the best in China. However, his role as a mili- tary pioneer of this era was often obscured by the wider narratives of Chinese reforms or subsumed under the reforms of more notorious officials such as Li Hongzhang or Yuan Shikai. Ultimately, the study of Zhang Zhidong’s reforms reveals an often-missed continuity in successful military reform starting in the 1880s and contributes to the developing historical narratives of successful late Qing state building. Keywords Zhang Zhidong – Late-Qing – military reform – Self-Strengthening – military academy – New Armies * I would like to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their guidance and insights. In addition, the views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the views of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2017 | doi 10.1163/22127453-12341316Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 04:49:58PM via free access 157 158 Chang After a series of exchanges with western militaries in the nineteenth century, China started upon the path of military reform in order to match or exceed western military capabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Construction of Sino-Muslim Histories and Identities in the Early Twentieth Century
    “Awakening” Country and Faith: The Construction of Sino-Muslim Histories and Identities in the Early Twentieth Century Mengyu Huang Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Prerequisite for Honors in East Asian Studies April 2012 © 2012 Mengyu Huang Acknowledgments It is my pleasure to thank the many people who made this thesis possible. Foremost, I must express sincere gratitude to my advisors Professors C. Pat Giersch and Y. Tak Matsusaka. Their guidance, encouragement, patience, and knowledge were all key ingredients in bringing this thesis to fruition. Professor Giersch’s “Chinese Frontier Experience, 1600 to the Present” seminar deserves credit for sparking and sustaining my interest in exploring Chinese ethnopolicy and Sino-Muslims. I am indebted to his advice throughout the initial planning and research stages. I am equally indebted to Professor Matsusaka for his assistance throughout the writing process. His careful reading of the drafts and always-insightful comments helped me sharpen my arguments and bring out the “melody” of each chapter. Any remaining mistakes are, of course, my own. I must also extend my gratitude to the East Asian Studies Department for being my academic home throughout my four years at Wellesley and to director Professor Katharine Moon for her tremendous efforts in strengthening the program and resources available to majors. Professors Ellen Widmer and David Lindauer also deserve many warm and heartfelt thanks for serving as my major advisors and for further enriching my undergraduate academic experience. The History Department deserves recognition for generously allowing me to participate in its honor thesis writing workshop. A special thanks to Professor Alejandra Osorio for leading the workshop and providing the extra push (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Resilient Development of Urban Waterfront in Fast-Changing Cities—A Case Study of Wuhan, China
    Aug. 2014, Volume 8, No. 8 (Serial No. 81), pp. 1073-1083 Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ISSN 1934-7359, USA D DAVID PUBLISHING Resilient Development of Urban Waterfront in Fast-Changing Cities—A Case Study of Wuhan, China Yang Shu1 and Jiaming Qin2 1. School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China 2. Wuhan Land Resources and Planning Bureau, Wuhan 430014, China Abstract: Urban waterfronts, where the land of city meets a body of water, are unique and finite resources representing the best opportunities for community enhancement and enrichment. On the other hand, waterfronts are also high-risk areas, where the water-related disasters could seriously affect the long-term sustainability of urban environment. This paper focuses on the relationship of the cities with their waterfronts. It presents a case study of Wuhan—a Chinese metropolis, where waterfronts play an important role in its urban planning policy. It attempts to investigate the mechanism of waterfront transformation, and to find out which strategies to adapt and what resilience means in terms of urban waterfronts in a rapidly transforming city. This article examines some representative urban projects on the waterfront and summarizes spatial models applied on the waterfront with distinct policies. Finally, it demonstrates that an urban waterfront is an “osmotic interface” which should be more correctly envisaged as a network of places, functions, additions and hinges between the city and its water environment. It clarifies that waterfront areas represent a multidisciplinary and multitasking issue in perspective of urban resilient development. Key words: Waterfront, resilient development, urban renewal, adaptive strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Private Gun Ownership in Modern China, 1860-1949
    Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE August 2017 The Prism of Violence: Private Gun Ownership in Modern China, 1860-1949 Lei Duan Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Duan, Lei, "The Prism of Violence: Private Gun Ownership in Modern China, 1860-1949" (2017). Dissertations - ALL. 762. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/762 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This dissertation examines private gun ownership and its sociocultural and political implications in modern China from 1860 to 1949, a period characterized by foreign invasion, constant military conflicts, and political decentralization. During this period, foreign guns, along with their Chinese imitations, flooded society. In response to the social disorder, many Chinese civilians turned to this new class of weaponry for self-defense. While historians have understood the gun in China in terms of military modernization, this dissertation sets the privately-owned gun in its social and political context, and studies why Chinese civilians chose to arm themselves with guns and how governments of different periods responded to their armed civilians. This study argues that growing social violence and the state’s inability to respond to it led Chinese men and women seek to obtain their own weapons. This demand was fueled by the gun’s powerful symbolism in public culture and social life, and by beliefs that guns were a source of social status and self-empowerment.
    [Show full text]
  • Stefan Berleb Thesis (PDF 2MB)
    Stefan Berleb, B.A. (Hons) Queensland University of Technology School of Humanities and Human Services Doctoral Dissertation: ‘… for China’s Benefit’: The Evolution and Devolution of German Influence on Chinese Military Affairs, 1919 – 1938 Brisbane 2005 2 Statement of Original Authorship The work contained in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree or diploma at any other higher education institution. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made. Date: Signature: 3 Abstract In the years between 1919 and 1938, Germany and China, two nations each plagued in its own way by the foreign political fall-out of World War I, by internal unrest and by the disastrous global economic situation of the inter-war era, established extraordinarily close military and military economic ties. German military advisers helped in the organisation and training of the troops of several Chinese warlords and, after the re-establishment of the Chinese Republic under Chiang Kaishek, of the Nationalist government’s armed forces. At the same time, German arms manufacturers and German trading companies delivered weapons and other war materials to arm and equip China’s soldiers, who fought first against each other and later against Mao Zedong’s Communist guerillas and Japanese invaders. Still, despite outward appearances, any kind of German military support for China was never official. Successive Weimar German governments tried everything in their power to stop the widely-condemned Sino-German military cooperation, while Adolf Hitler’s National Socialists only tolerated it for as long as it did not interfere with their long- term political agenda.
    [Show full text]