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The Foreign Policy of Churchill's Peacetime Administration 1951-55 (Leicester, 1988) and Richard Lamb, the Failure of the Eden Government (London: 1987)

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The Foreign Policy of Churchill's Peacetime Administration 1951-55 (Leicester, 1988) and Richard Lamb, the Failure of the Eden Government (London: 1987) 196 Notes Introduction 1. See especially John W. Young (ed.), The Foreign Policy of Churchill's Peacetime Administration 1951-55 (Leicester, 1988) and Richard Lamb, The Failure of the Eden Government (London: 1987). 2. Among the many recent works which consider Palestine are: W. R. Louis and Robert W. Stookey (eds), The End of the Palestine Mandate, (Austin, Texas: 1986), Ritchie Ovendale (ed.), The Foreign Policies of the British Labour Government (Leicester: 1984), and Michael Cohen, Palestine and the Great Powers 1945-1948 (London: 1982). There are several books in preparation that address Suez from the newly-released documentary sources; the first that does so is W. R. Louis and Robert W. Owen (eds), Suez 1956: The Crisis and its Consequences (Oxford: 1989). 3. W. R. Louis, The British Empire in the Middle East 1945-1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States and Post-War Imperialism (Oxford: 1984), pp. 9-10. 4. See especially Richard N. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy (Oxford: 1956) and subsequent editions. 5. R.N. Rosecrance, Defence of the Realm (New York: 1968), p. 36. The McMahon Act prevented the continued close collaboration of the US, Britain and Canada on atomic weapons research. When informed some years later of the degree of secret wartime cooperation, McMahon said that he would never have put forward the act if he had known of Britain's role. 6. Orner Zametica, British Strategic Planning for the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East 1944-47 (Unpublished PhD dissertation, Cambridge University: 1986), pp. 66-7. 7. Kenneth Harris, Attlee (London: 1982), p. 299. 8. Louis, op. cit., pp. 22-4. 9. Zametica, op. cit., p. 168. 10. Alan Bullock, Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary 1945-1951 (London: 1983), p. 113. 11. Elizabeth Monroe, 'Mr. Bevin's Arab Policy', St. Antony's Papers, No. 11, 1961, p. 21. 12. Ibid., p. 11. 13. Louis, pp. 229-30. In November 1942, the British Ambassador, Sir Miles Lampson, had the Egyptian palace surrounded by tanks and demanded the King's abdication if he refused to appoint a pro-British government. This high-handed gesture succeeded, but was never forgotten. Notes 197 14. Bullock, op. cit., p. 324. 15. Louis, op. cit., pp. 331-4. 16. Ibid., pp. 354-6. 17. Thomas Bryson, American Diplomatic Relations with the Middle East 1784-1975 (Metuchen, N.J.: 1977), p. 150. 18. Bruce R. Kuniholm, The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East (Princeton: 1980), pp. 240-3. 19. Ibid., p. 394. 20. Barry Rubin, The Great Powers in the Middle East 1941-1947 (London: 1980), p. 225. 21. Louis Galamber (ed.), The Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower: The Chief of Staff (Baltimore: 1978); Report to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 29 April 1947, p. 1702, note 2. 22. FRUS 1947, Vol. 5 (Washington: 1974), Minutes of the First Meeting of the Special Committee to study assistance to Greece and Turkey, 24 February 1947, p. 46. 23. Kuniholm, pp. 409-15. 24. Galamber, Letter to Lord Ismay, 28 October 1946 and notes, pp. 1344-45. 25. FRUS 1947, Vol. 5, Memorandum prepared by the State Department-Chronological Summary of Correspondence and Exchange of Notes leading up to Discussions with the British on the Middle East, pp. 488-91. 26. Documentation of the Pentagon Talks is available in FRUS 1947 Vol. 5, pp. 561-83. 27. Ibid., p. 625. 1 British Thinking on Middle East Defence, 1948-50 1. 'The International Situation: Palestine and the Middle East', R US! Journal (94) 1949, p. 111. 2. House of Commons Debates Vol. 446 col. 399, 22 January 1948. 3. Kenneth 0. Morgan, Labour in Power 1945-1951 (Oxford: 1984), pp. 193, 279. There are numerous memoirs and recent works which detail the discussions within the Labour Cabinet. Among the best are Hugh Dalton, High Tide and After (London: 1962), Francis Williams, A Prime Minister Remembers (London: 1961); among recent works are Alan Bullock, Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary 1945-1951 (London: 1983), Kenneth Harris, Attlee (London: 1982), Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (London: 1985), and W. R. Louis, The British Empire in the Middle East 1945-1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States and Post-War Imperialism (Oxford: 1984). 4. DEFE 4/10 JP (47)60 13 January 1948. 5. DEFE 4/10 COS (48) 21st meeting, 11 February 1948. 6. CAB 131/6 DO (48)61, 14 September 1948. 7. DEFE 4/11 JP (48)28 17 March 1948. 8. RUSJ Journal (94) 1949, pp. 110-111. 198 Notes 9. Pyman Papers 6/4, 22 June 1948, Liddell Hart Archives, King's College, London. Quoted with the permission of the Trustees of the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. 10. Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, Eritrea and Italian Somaliland had all been occupied by British forces during 1941-42. The future of all of them was to be determined by the United Nations, and was the subject of much diplomatic negotiation amongst the major powers in 1945-50. 11. W. R. Louis, 'The Special Relationship and Decolonisation: American Anti-Colonialism and the Dissolution of the British Empire', Interna­ tional Affairs, vol. 61, no. 3, 1985, pp. 403-5. 12. DEFE 4/10 COS (48) 7th meeting, 14 January 1948. 13. CAB 13116 DO (48)31, 27 April1948. 14. NSC 19, Policies of the Government of the US relating to National Security; Disposition of the former Italian colonies, 23 July 1948. Liddell Hart Archives, King's College, London, MF 83, reel 2. 15. CAB 129/30 CP (48)261, 9 November 1948. 16. PREM 8/837, Note of the views of the Chiefs of Staff on the size of stocks to be retained in the Middle East or East Africa, 1948. 17. Policies of the Government of the US Relating to National Security; the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East; Basic US Position, 24 November 1947, Liddell Hart Archives, King's College, London, MF83, reel 2. 18. DEFE 4/16 JP (48)106, 7 October 1948; DEFE 5/8 COS (48)123, Plan 'Sandown', 16 October 1948. 19. DEFE 5/11 COS (48)111, 13 May 1948. 20. DEFE 5/9 COS (48)210, 16 December 1948. 21. WO 163/106 ECAP/P (48) 99, 6 July 1948. 22. WO 163/110 ECAP/6 (49) 13, 13 September 1949. 23. JCS 1887/1, 19 July 1948, Report by the Joint Strategic Plans Commit­ tee-Military viewpoint regarding the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East area, Liddell Hart Archives, King's College, London, MF58, reel 1. 24. ORE 58-48, 30 July 1948, CIA files, Box 256 PSF, Truman Papers, Truman Library. 25. Kenneth W. Condit, The History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy, Vol. 2, 1947-1949 (Wilmington, Del.: 1979), pp. 289-92, 300. 26. FRUS 1949, Vol. 1 (Washington: 1976), Summary of Preliminary Analysis of the views of the JCS on military rights in foreign territories, August 1949, pp. 369-75. 27. DEFE 4/17 JP (48) 130, 4 November 1948. 28. DEFE 4/17 COS (48) 160th meeting, 10 November 1948. 29. Condit, p. 300. 30. DEFE 4/24 JP (49)85, 5 September 1949. 31. DEFE 4/26 JP (49)126, 3 November 1949. 32. DEFE 4/29 JP (49)134, 1 March 1950. 33. DEFE 4/10 COS (48) 6th meeting, 14 January 1948. 34. DEFE 4/10 CSA/P·(48)3, 13 January 1948. 35. DEFE 5/10 COS (48)6, 5 January 1948. 36. FRUS 1948, Vol. 5 (Washington: 1975), pp. 85-6. Notes 199 37. DEFE 5/11 COS (48)122, 27 May 1948. 38. Bevin Papers, FO 800/457, Record of conversation between the Secretary of State and the Minister of Defence, 24 July 1948. 39. DEFE 4114 JP (48)72, 1 July 1948. 40. FO 371/69176, Memorandum of conversation between Ernest Bevin, A. V. Alexander and Sir Stafford Cripps, 5 August 1948. 41. FO 371/69176, Draft directive to the Commanders-in-Chief, Middle East for the future deployment of Middle East forces, 14 August 1948. 42. DEFE 4115 COS (48) 118th meeting, 25 August 1948. 43. DEFE 7/102, Letter from Bevin to Alexander, 13 September 1948. 44. DEFE 4/16 COS (48) 130th meeting, 17th September 1948. 45. FRUS 1949, Vol. 6 (Washington: 1977), Ambassador in the UK to the Secretary of State, 22 March 1949, pp. 199-200. 46. FRUS 1949, Vol. 6, Memorandum by the Chief of Staff, US Air Force, to the Joint Chiefs, 5 May 1949, pp. 217-19. 47. CAB 13118 DO (49) 18th meeting, 27 July 1949. 48. CAB 2111976, DCC(49)131, 15 December 1949. 49. DEFE 4/28 COS (50) 11th meeting, 18 January 1950. 50. Alan Bullock, Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary 1945-1951 (London: 1983), p. 759. 51. W. R. Louis, The British Empire in the Middle East 1945-1951 (Oxford: 1984), pp. 709-14. 52. DEFE 4/31 COS (50) 77th meeting, 17 May 1950. 53. C. J. Bartlett, The Long Retreat: A Short History of British Defence Policy 1945-1970 (London: 1972), pp. 81-2. 54. DEFE 4/35 JP (50)89, 11 August 1950. 55. DEFE 4/35 COS (50) 142nd meeting, 4 September 1950. 56. DEFE 4/35 COS (50) 144th meeting, 8 September 1950. 57. Bevin Papers, FO 800/457, Record of conversation between the Secretary of State and the Egyptian Minister for Foreign Affairs, New York, 28 September 1950. 58. FRUS 1950, Vol. 5 (Washington: 1978), Memorandum of conversa­ tion, 17 July 1950, p. 293. 59. NSC 65/3, 17 May 1950, NSC files Box 205, PSF, Truman Papers, Truman Library. 60. FRUS 1950, Vol.
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