Fotometr´Ia Superficial De Galaxias De Tipo Temprano En Las Regiones Externas Del Cúmulo De Antlia

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Fotometr´Ia Superficial De Galaxias De Tipo Temprano En Las Regiones Externas Del Cúmulo De Antlia Asociaci´on Argentina de Astronom´ıa BAAA, Vol. 53, 2010 J.J. Clari´a, M.V. Alonso, A.E. Piatti & F.A. Bareilles, eds. PRESENTACION´ MURAL Fotometr´ıa superficial de galaxias de tipo temprano en las regiones externas del c´umulo de Antlia J. P. Calder´on1,2, L. P. Bassino1,2, A. V. Smith Castelli1,2 & S. A. Cellone1,2 (1) Facultad de Ciencias Astron´omicas y Geof´ısicas - UNLP (2) Instituto de Astrof´ısica de La Plata (CCT La Plata, CONICET - UNLP); y CONICET Abstract. We present surface photometry of 30 early-type galaxies in the Antlia cluster, and analyze their color-magnitude and surface bright- ness - luminosity relations. The photometric relations are consistent, in the range corresponding to low luminosities, with those obtained in previ- ous papers for galaxies lying in the central Antlia region. The projected spatial distribution confirms the elongated structure followed by other Antlia galaxies as well as globular clusters, in the direction that connects the more massive galaxies. In addition, surface brightness profiles have been measured for a sub-sample using the task ELLIPSE within IRAF. We are currently fitting S´ersic models to these profiles, in order to quan- tify the morphology of the studied galaxies. Resumen. Se presenta la fotometr´ıa superficial de 30 galaxias de tipo temprano en el c´umulo de Antlia, y se analizan las relaciones color- magnitud y brillo superficial-luminosidad. Las relaciones fotom´etricas son consistentes, en el rango correspondiente a bajas luminosidades, con las obtenidas en trabajos previos para galaxias ubicadas en la regi´on cen- tral de Antlia. Su distribuci´on espacial proyectada confirma la estructura alargada que muestran otras galaxias de Antlia as´ıcomo los c´umulos glob- ulares, en la direcci´on que une las galaxias m´as masivas. Adem´as, hemos obtenido perfiles de brillo superficial de una sub-muestra utilizando la tarea ELLIPSE en IRAF. Actualmente se est´arealizando el ajuste de modelos de S´ersic a estos perfiles, a fin de cuantificar la morfolog´ıa de las galaxias estudiadas. 1. Introducci´on 1.1. El C´umulo de Antlia El c´umulo de galaxias de Antlia es el tercer c´umulo de galaxias m´as cercano a la V´ıa L´actea (d ∼ 35 Mpc). En comparaci´on con los c´umulos de Fornax (d ∼ 18 Mpc) y Virgo (d ∼ 20 Mpc), Antlia presenta una estructura m´as compleja dominada por dos galaxias gigantes en la zona central (NGC 3268 y NGC 3258). A fin de extender el estudio incorporando galaxias ubicadas en las zonas externas de Antlia (Calder´on 2010), se seleccion´ouna muestra en base al cat´al- 51 52 J.P. Calder´on et al. ogo de Ferguson & Sandage (1990, de aqu´ı en m´as FS90). En este cat´alogo, se identifican 375 galaxias con un di´ametro isofotal l´ımite de 15′′. 0. Entre otros par´ametros listados en FS90, se da para cada objeto un ´ındice de pertenencia al c´umulo: membres´ıa 1 equivale a miembro definitivo, 2 corresponde a miembro probable, y 3 a miembro poco probable. Dicho estatus de pertenencia fue asignado en base a criterios morfol´ogicos. 2. Observaciones y procesamiento Las im´agenes que se utilizaron en este trabajo fueron obtenidas con la c´amara MOSAIC (mosaico de 8 CCDs) acoplada al telescopio Blanco de 4-m del Obser- vatorio Inter-Americano de Cerro Tololo (CTIO, Chile). Las mismas correspon- den a tres campos que rodean el campo central del c´umulo de Antlia (campos 1, 2 y 3 en figura 1). Fueron tomadas en los filtros R de Kron-Cousins y C del Figura 1. Disposici´on de los campos 1, 2, 3, y central. sistema fotom´etrico de Washington. El filtro R fue elegido, en vez del T 1 de Washington, por poseer una mayor eficiencia (Geisler 1996) y por presentar una peque˜na diferencia de punto de cero dada por (R − T 1) ≈−0,02. Para el procesamiento se utiliz´oel software SExtractor (Bertin & Arnouts 1996), con el cual se detectaron los objetos de inter´es previamente catalogados en FS90. Posteriormente, se transform´oal sistema de magnitudes est´andar de Wash- ington utilizando observaciones de estrellas est´andar obtenidas durante el mismo turno de observaci´on y, por ´ultimo, se realizaron las correcciones por extinci´on de acuerdo a la relaciones dadas por Rieke & Lebofsky (1985) y Harris & Cater- na (1977). Los E(B − V ) se obtuvieron de la base de datos NED (NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database) para cada una de las galaxias de la muestra. De este modo se obtuvieron las magnitudes T 10, los colores (C − T 1)0 y el brillo superficial efectivo medio, µefec, dado por 2 µefec = T 10 + 2,5 log(2πrefec) en donde el radio efectivo, refec, dado en segundos de arco, tambi´en se obtuvo de SExtractor. Fotometr´ıa superficial de galaxias del C´umulo de Antlia 53 3. Resultados De los 375 objetos que comprende el cat´alogo FS90, se han identificado 156 en los tres campos MOSAIC que rodean al campo central, y que son la base del presente trabajo. En esta etapa solo se trabaj´ocon las galaxias de tipo temprano que poseen status 1 seg´un FS90, dada su alta probabilidad de pertenencia al c´umulo. Y de estas ´ultimas, se han seleccionado 30 objetos para el estudio de las relaciones fotom´etricas, dado que presentan una apariencia regular sobre las im´agenes posibilitando obtener una fotometr´ıa confiable. Se observa que los datos aportados por este trabajo, son consistentes con los resultados obtenidos en estudios previos de la zona central (Smith Castelli 2008). Los nuevos datos complementan la relaci´on color-magnitud (RCM) y la relaci´on brillo superficial efectivo-luminosidad (RLB) en el rango de brillo 15 . T 10 . 20, sin aumentar la dispersi´on de la muestra (ver figuras 2 y 3, los c´ırculos verdes corresponden a miembros confirmados por velocidad radial). La RCM para estas galaxias de tipo 10 10 Calderón (2010) Calderón (2010) Smith Castelli (2008) Smith Castelli (2008) 15 15 0 0 T1 T1 20 20 0 1 2 3 15 20 25 30 µ (C−T1)0 < eff>0 Figura 2. RCM. Figura 3. RLB. temprano resulta estar bien definida, incluso al considerar las muestras separadas por cada nuevo campo estudiado. Teniendo en cuenta que al alejarse del campo central la densidad de galaxias de tipo temprano deber´ıa reducirse, la dispersi´on en la relaci´on no parece estar correlacionada fuertemente con la distribuci´on espacial proyectada de los objetos. Los ajustes calculados en este trabajo a la muestra total est´an en muy buen acuerdo con los hallados previamente por Smith Castelli (2008), presentando diferencias a´un menores que los respectivos errores. A partir de los diagramas luminosidad-brillo superficial efectivo medio re- alizados para cada uno de los nuevos campos, se obtienen valores para el radio efectivo medio, consistentes con el hallado por Smith Castelli (2008) para el cam- po central (Re ∼ 1 kpc). Al igual que con la RCM, los nuevos datos fotom´etricos complementan el rango de magnitudes d´ebiles de la RLB. La distribuci´on espacial proyectada (figura 3) de las galaxias tempranas obtenida de los 4 campos en conjunto, corrobora los antecedentes citados en la literatura respecto a la estructura de este c´umulo. Tanto para los candidatos a c´umulos globulares (Disrch et al. 2003 y Bassino et al. 2008) como para galaxias de tipo temprano (Smith Castelli 2008), la distribuci´on proyectada es alargada 54 J.P. Calder´on et al. en la direcci´on definida por las dos galaxias dominantes, NGC 3258 y NGC 3268. Cabe se˜nalar, que la extensi´on de tal distribuci´on hacia el NE coincide con la posici´on de NGC 3281, una galaxia de tipo tard´ıo, de brillo comparable al de las dominantes, que es miembro confirmado de Antlia. Esta elongaci´on de −34.6 −34.8 NGC 3281 ▲ −35 −35.2 ✽ DEC (J2000) −35.4 NGC 3268 −35.6 ✽ −35.8 NGC 3258 −36 10.54 10.52 10.5 10.48 10.46 AR (J2000) Figura 4. Distribuci´on espacial proyectada de los miembros con estatus 1 de FS90. Los cuadrados rojos indican galaxias E, y los azules S0. la distribuci´on proyectada de c´umulos globulares y galaxias tempranas, en el sentido que une a las galaxias dominantes, se encuentra adem´as en acuerdo con los mapas de rayos X existentes para el c´umulo de Antlia (Pedersen et al. 1997, Nakazawa et al. 2000). Actualmente se realizan ajustes al perfil de brillo de las galaxias de la muestra, mediante funciones de S´ersic. Ha sido posible agregar a esta muestra un conjunto de galaxias que poseen centros saturados en las im´agenes de larga exposici´on, utilizando las de corta exposici´on. En la mayor´ıa de los casos es suficiente ajustar con una sola funci´on, mientras que en el resto la existencia de m´as de una componente (en las lenticulares, por ejemplo) indica la necesidad de realizar ajustes independientes para la parte central. Este an´alisis posibilitar´a, adem´as, el refinamiento de la clasificaci´on morfol´ogica realizada por FS90. Referencias Bassino, L., Richtler, T., & Dirsch, B. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 1145 Bertin, E. & Arnouts, S. 1996, AAS, 117, 393 Calder´on J.P. 2010, Tesis de Licenciatura, FCAG (UNLP) Dirsch, B., Richtler, T., & Bassino, L. 2003a, A&A, 408, 929 Ferguson, H. & Sandage, A. 1990, AJ, 100, 1 Harris, H. y Canterna, R. 1977, AJ, 82, 798 Nakazawa, K., Makishima, K., Fukazawa, Y., & Tamaruta, T.
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